EP0305798B1 - An apparatus for cutting wood into small pieces, such as logs into pieces of firewood - Google Patents

An apparatus for cutting wood into small pieces, such as logs into pieces of firewood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0305798B1
EP0305798B1 EP88113238A EP88113238A EP0305798B1 EP 0305798 B1 EP0305798 B1 EP 0305798B1 EP 88113238 A EP88113238 A EP 88113238A EP 88113238 A EP88113238 A EP 88113238A EP 0305798 B1 EP0305798 B1 EP 0305798B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife means
blade
rotation
cutting edge
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88113238A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0305798A1 (en
Inventor
Jorgen Baadsgaard-Jensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKOVTEKNISK INSTITUT
Original Assignee
SKOVTEKNISK INSTITUT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SKOVTEKNISK INSTITUT filed Critical SKOVTEKNISK INSTITUT
Priority to AT88113238T priority Critical patent/ATE60538T1/de
Publication of EP0305798A1 publication Critical patent/EP0305798A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0305798B1 publication Critical patent/EP0305798B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B27L7/02—Arrangements for splitting wood using rotating members, e.g. rotating screws
    • B27L7/04—Conical screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/26—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut
    • B26D1/28—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/002—Transporting devices for wood or chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for cutting wood into small pieces, such as logs into pieces of firewood, and comprising a rotatably mounted knife means with a helicoidal blade, the cutting edge of which is helical, and a support means associated with the knife means and supporting the material to be cut.
  • US-PS No. 4,053,004 discloses an apparatus of the above type.
  • This apparatus comprises a knife means with a cutting edge formed by the outer edge of a conical, helical blade mounted on a shaft.
  • the helical blade comprises several windings, and the radial length of the blade increases from the feeding end of the wood to be cut, i.e. from the front end of the knife means, towards the outlet end, i.e. the back end of the knife means.
  • the apparatus comprises furthermore an anvil situated in close proximity to a point where the blade is of a maximum radial length.
  • the shape of the cutting edge of this apparatus and the positioning of the anvil thereof have, however, the effect that all the logs are cut and consequently influenced by the portion of the cutting edge of the blade farthest from the axis of rotation of the knife means.
  • a consequence thereof is that the apparatus uses an unsuitably large momentum arm and thus involves an unnecessarily high momentum when cutting logs of a cross section smaller than the adjusted maximum cross section.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple apparatus of the above type, where the momentum influencing the knife means during the cutting has been minimized.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention is characterised in that the cutting edge is situated on an edge of the blade facing the axis of rotation of the knife means, and that the distance between the cutting edge and the axis of rotation of the knife means decreases in the feeding direction of the wood.
  • the distance of the cutting edge from the axis of rotation may decrease constantly.
  • each angular movement of the knife means causes the edge to move the same distance into the log, said procedure being considered the most suitable procedure.
  • the helicoidal blade may be situated on a helicoid.
  • the knife means is influenced by a minimum force because theoretically speaking the wood will not influence the blade in axial direction.
  • the small pieces of wood are substantially of the same shape as known pieces of firewood provided the starting material is fed parallel to the axis of rotation of the knife means.
  • the blade and consequently the cutting edge may extend across max 360°.
  • the blade is advantageously only in engagement in one area of separation at a time.
  • the knife means may be provided with two substantially identical blades being displaced substantially 180° relative to one another, each blade extending substantially across 180°.
  • the blade or blades may be secured to the inner side of an axially symmetrical cylinder which by way of a transmission can be induced to rotate about the axis of rotation.
  • This embodiment is preferred because a high rigidity is obtained.
  • the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2 comprises a knife means 1 rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 2 in a frame 3.
  • the knife means comprises two identical helicoidal blades 4, 5 positioned on a helicoid and secured to the inner surface 6 of an axially symmetric cylinder 7.
  • the two blades 4, 5 extend substantially across 180° and are displaced substantially 180° relative to one another.
  • the cutting edges 8, 9 of the blades are situated on the edges 10, 11 of the blades 4, 5 facing the axis of rotation 2.
  • These cutting edges are conical and helical and their distance from the axis of rotation 2 of the knife means decreases constantly in the feeding direction 12 of the logs to be cut.
  • each angular movement of the knife means 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow 13 causes the cutting edge to move the same dis- . tance towards the axis of rotation 2 of the knife means.
  • a support means 14 is situated in close proximity to and extends into the knife means 1.
  • the support means 14 comprises a vertical support member 15 and a horizontal support member 16 situated perpendicular to said vertical support member 15.
  • the abutment surface of the horizontal support member flushes with the axis of rotation 2 of the knife means 1, whereas the abutment surface 18 of the vertical support member 15 is displaced to the right in Figure 2 relative to a vertical plane through the axis of rotation 2 of the knife means 1, cf. Figure 2.
  • edge surfaces 19, 20 of the support members 15, 16 projecting into the knife means 1 are inclined in such a manner that the cutting edge 8, 9 of the blades 4, 5 closely brush past said cutting surfaces when the knife means 1 is rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow 13, said edge surface 20 of the horizontal support member 16 being obliquely bevelled, cf. Figure 1.
  • the knife means 1 On the outer surface of the axially symmetrical cylinder 7 the knife means 1 comprises two symmetrically situated toothed rims 21, 22 engaging three pairs of gear wheels 23, 24, 25 uniformly distributed at the periphery of the axially symmetrical cylinder Each pair of gear wheels 23, 24, 25 is fixed to a shaft 26, 27, 28 rotatably mounted on the frame 3. Two of these pairs of gear wheels 23, 24, 25 operate as supporting gear wheels for the knife means, whereas the third pair of gear wheels causes the knife means 1 to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow 13.
  • a feeding means is provided at the front end of the apparatus when seen in the feeding direction 12.
  • This feeding means comprises two horizontally extending feeding rollers 29, 30 positioned atop one another. At a constant velocity the feeding rollers continuously feed the material to be cut.
  • the axis of rotation of the lower feeding roller 30 is permanent, and the periphery of said roller flushes substantially with the abutment surface 17 of the horizontal support member 16, whereas the upper feeding roller 29 is pivotally mounted by means of a rocker bar 31 in such a manner that the centre distance between the two feeding rollers can be altered.
  • the pivotally mounted upper feeding roller 29 is preloaded towards the lower feeding. roller 30 in such a manner that the feeding rollers squeeze and retain the logs fed against the rotation.
  • a gear (not shown) drives the lower feeding roller 30.
  • a conveyor belt 32 is situated at the back end of the apparatus, when seen in the feeding direction 12 of the logs, said belt removing the small cut pieces of firewood.
  • the apparatus operates in the following manner:
  • the wood such as logs with or without branches, is advanced onto the support means 14 and into the knife means 1 by the two feeding rollers 29, 30 of the feeding means.
  • the knife means is driven synchronously with the feeding means.
  • the cutting edge of said blade engages the log and cuts said log substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof on account of the above shape of the blade and of the support members 15, 16 of the support means.
  • the small cut piece falls down on the conveyor belt 32 and is removed.
  • the second blade engages the log and cuts another piece thereof, said second piece also falling down on the conveyor belt 32 so as to be removed.
  • the invention can be modified in many ways without thereby deviating from the scope thereof.
  • the cutting edge of the blade or blades can have a more progressive course in the direction from the inner surface 6 of the axially symmetric cylinder 7 towards the axis of rotation 2 of the knife means 1, whereby the cutting edge adjacent the axis of rotation takes a more rapid course towards said axis.
  • a comparatively constant momentum applies during the cutting of the log.
  • the shape of the edge surfaces 19, 20 of the support members 16, 17 must be altered so as to correspond to the shape of the cutting edge.
  • the apparatus can be shaped with a separate source of energy driving the knife means and the feeding means, or as an apparatus driven by the source of energy of a vehicte, such as a tractor.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
EP88113238A 1987-08-28 1988-08-16 An apparatus for cutting wood into small pieces, such as logs into pieces of firewood Expired - Lifetime EP0305798B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88113238T ATE60538T1 (de) 1987-08-28 1988-08-16 Vorrichtung zum schneiden von holz in kleine stuecke, wie beispielsweise holzstaemme in brennholz.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK453987A DK160001C (da) 1987-08-28 1987-08-28 Apparat til skaering af traemateriale til mindre stykker, f.eks. traestammer til braendestykker
DK4539/87 1987-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0305798A1 EP0305798A1 (en) 1989-03-08
EP0305798B1 true EP0305798B1 (en) 1991-01-30

Family

ID=8134439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88113238A Expired - Lifetime EP0305798B1 (en) 1987-08-28 1988-08-16 An apparatus for cutting wood into small pieces, such as logs into pieces of firewood

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0305798B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE60538T1 (fi)
DE (1) DE3861712D1 (fi)
DK (1) DK160001C (fi)
FI (1) FI84986C (fi)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1393299B1 (it) * 2009-03-23 2012-04-20 Naldoni Macchina per la produzione di tronchetti di legno.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053004A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Helical head comminuting shear
FI78014C (fi) * 1981-01-14 1989-06-12 Tuikola Oy Anordning foer klyvning av trae.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI883957A (fi) 1989-03-01
DK160001B (da) 1991-01-14
DE3861712D1 (de) 1991-03-07
FI883957A0 (fi) 1988-08-26
EP0305798A1 (en) 1989-03-08
FI84986B (fi) 1991-11-15
DK453987A (da) 1989-03-01
DK453987D0 (da) 1987-08-28
ATE60538T1 (de) 1991-02-15
FI84986C (fi) 1992-02-25
DK160001C (da) 1991-06-17

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