EP0304189A1 - Kühlanlage - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0304189A1
EP0304189A1 EP88307143A EP88307143A EP0304189A1 EP 0304189 A1 EP0304189 A1 EP 0304189A1 EP 88307143 A EP88307143 A EP 88307143A EP 88307143 A EP88307143 A EP 88307143A EP 0304189 A1 EP0304189 A1 EP 0304189A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
cooling
housing
building
outside air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88307143A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Parsons
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Telecommunications PLC
Original Assignee
British Telecommunications PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Telecommunications PLC filed Critical British Telecommunications PLC
Publication of EP0304189A1 publication Critical patent/EP0304189A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/022—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing comprising a compressor cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cooling equipment.
  • Standard cooling equipment installed in buildings is typically configured as an integrated system to provide the required cooling. Installation costs of such systems are very high.
  • modular construction since integral unit failure can lead to serious problems in locations such as computer rooms or electronic telephone exchanges.
  • Several stand alone, self-contained, self-controlled units in an area provide a safeguard should one go into a failure mode.
  • Such modular units are connected to the outside via a wall louvre to exhaust room air and to take in fresh air which is used to cool the room. If the external air temperature is insufficiently cool relative to the room temperature then the room air is cooled by the refrigeration unit within the equipment.
  • this humidity aspect can reduce the potential for external 'free' air cooling from the region of 70% to 50% of the year so increasing running costs.
  • the present invention is concerned with providing a system which seeks to overcome the above problems.
  • a cooling system for use inside a building said system including:- a housing; means within said housing for receiving air from outside the building; means within said housing for receiving air from inside the building; means within said housing for restricting the passage of outside air into the building; cooling means within said housing for providing cooling of the inside air by use of the separated outside air, said cooling means including first and second heat exchangers interconnected by conduit means for carrying coolant therebetween, said first heat exchanger being configured to receive warm room air and transfer heat therefrom to said coolant and said second heat exchanger being configured to receive said warmed coolant and to transfer heat therefrom to the incoming outside air; and refrigeration means within said housing for providing an alternative cooling source when required, and a third heat exchanger associated with the cooling means for transferring heat from the refrigeration means to the coolant of said cooling means.
  • the cooler unit 10 is a single modular unit within a generally rectangular steel housing 11.
  • the housing 11 includes a pair of access doors 12 with an air grille 13 which receives returning room air. Air from the unit is available to the room via aperture 15. Outside air to the unit is available through aperture 16 which also allows for the passage of air from the Unit to the outside. Such air would pass via an outside wall louvre (not shown) adjacent the unit.
  • the warm room air to be cooled passes through grille 13 past filters 29 over cooling coils 30 and 31 and out through aparture 15 under fan assistance from fan 36 via non-return dampers 17.
  • the outside air is not allowed to pass into the room itself beyond the housing 11 so that its humidity cannot present problems in operation.
  • a small aperature 14 allows a few percent of fresh air into the room circulation system as represented by the broken line).
  • the cool incoming outside air passes over a secondary heat exchanger coil 34 and the warmed air returns to the outside under the assistance of one or more fans 42 (e.g. a high speed and a low speed fan).
  • a pump 35 and a first coil 33 of a coaxial condenser are associated with the secondary heat exchanger 34 and the glycol second coil 30.
  • a compressor 40 is associated with the direct expansion (DX) evaporator coil 31 and a second coil 32 of the coaxial condenser.
  • DX direct expansion
  • a number of control valves 37-39 are operable to select the system paths under the control of box 48. These paths are formed by means of piping 41.
  • the refrigeration part of the system including the evaporator coil 31, compressor 40, condenser coil 32, liquid receiver 44, drier 45, sight glass 46 and valve 37 form a closed fluid path for the refrigerant.
  • the dry cooling part of the system can be considered as having two paths.
  • the first path includes coil 30, pump 35, heat exchanger 34 and valve 39.
  • the second path includes coil 33, pump 35, heat exchanger 34, valve 39 and valve 38.
  • the fluid in the dry cooler is a water/glycol mixture.
  • the first and/or second path is chosen dependent on temperature conditions.
  • the location of the coils 30 and 31 allow both to receive the warm room air for cooling, the coil 30 being in circuit during the economy winter (or night time) mode when outside temperature is low, and coil 31 being operable when the refrigeration portion is in operation during hot weather.
  • the second heat exchanger path (see Figure 4) will be operable during hot weather whilst the refrigeration system is operating.
  • the compressor 40 draws liquid refrigerant through the evaporator coil 31 where it absorbs heat from the warm room air passing over it so changing its state into vapour and this enters the compressor and the hot gas is then pushed into the condenser coil 32 for cooling.
  • the liquid leaving the condenser then passes through the liquid receiver 44 to drier 45 which removes any moisture from the system and thence via the sight glass 46 (which allows for visual checks) through the thermostatic expansion valve 37 to the evaporater coil 31 once again.
  • the valve 37 allows sensed temperature indicative of excess pressure to be relieved via the equalising line.
  • the intimately located dual coils of the coax condenser allow heat exchange therebetween so that heat from coil 32 is absorbed by the liquid in coil 33 and this is pumped to the secondary heat exchanger 34 which hot liquid is cooled by the flow of incoming outside air.
  • Valve 38 is provided with a sensor in the liquid receiver 44 to allow actuation to divert the path of the glycol mixture away from the coax condenser.
  • the refrigeration system In winter or at cool times of the day, the refrigeration system is not employed (see Figure 3) and the cooler fluid takes the first path so that coil 30 is used to cool the room air and the warm liquid is pumped to heat exchanger 34 for cooling with the incoming outside air. Because of the indirect cooling employed by the incoming outside air, the relative humidity of this air is not a critical operating factor so the air is available for use in this 'economy' mode of operation for longer portions of the day/year. This gives significant operational savings. Such a saving can be as high as 20% and the only additional cost of operation is the small pump 35.
  • the control box 48 will have access to the output of standard temperature sensors (e.g. nickel sensors with a resistance of 1 K at 0 c). These can be used to indicate air and glycol temperatures. Humidity of return air can be sensed by a condenser device (e.g. a gold foil sensor generating a voltage proportioned to the range 20 - 90% R.H.). Standard electronics components (e.g. chips or a microprocessor) can be employed to actuate the valves dependant on the sensors and the system setpoint which can be preset.
  • standard temperature sensors e.g. nickel sensors with a resistance of 1 K at 0 c. These can be used to indicate air and glycol temperatures. Humidity of return air can be sensed by a condenser device (e.g. a gold foil sensor generating a voltage proportioned to the range 20 - 90% R.H.).
  • Standard electronics components e.g. chips or a microprocessor
  • control loops operate as follows:
  • the glycol pump 35 and the condensor fan 41 When return air temperature exceeds the appropriate set point by a preset amount (e.g. 1° K) the glycol pump 35 and the condensor fan 41 will be switched on and the return air temperature will be controlled by the continuous adjustment of the glycol valve 39.
  • a preset amount e.g. 1° K
  • the glycol pump 35 and the condensor fan 41 When the glycol temperature exceeds room temperature minus 2°K the glycol valve 39 will close and the pump and condenser fan will switch off. The pump and condenser fan thereafter is switched on every 30 minutes to sample the glycol temperature.
  • the DX cooling mode becomes active.
  • the controller 48 switches the compressor 40 on or off depending on the return air temperature.
  • FIG. 1 Although the Figure 1 unit is shown as returning the air to the room through an upward facing aperture, a header box could be provided for placing on the unit to divert the returning air frontwards into the room.
  • the system described is self contained, requires no external pipework so keeping installation costs down.
  • the system is configured to require only a single wall opening to allow outside air to be received and exhausted for cooling purposes.
  • a heater 50 as illustrated in Figure 1 (e.g. a multistage switchable heater) it is possible to heat the room air in winter so that returning air is kept at an approximately constant temperature, switching in dependent on the system set-point.
  • a remote humdifier placed somewhere else in the room but controlled by the system allows the option that the relative humidity of the room air can be raised should this fall below its set-point.
  • the controller 48 can control this function also.
  • a remote station e.g. a personal computer
  • a remote station can be provided for exchange of information from one or more such systems, such as setpoint allocation for example.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP88307143A 1987-08-14 1988-08-02 Kühlanlage Withdrawn EP0304189A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878719345A GB8719345D0 (en) 1987-08-14 1987-08-14 Cooling equipment
GB8719345 1987-08-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0304189A1 true EP0304189A1 (de) 1989-02-22

Family

ID=10622344

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88307143A Withdrawn EP0304189A1 (de) 1987-08-14 1988-08-02 Kühlanlage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0304189A1 (de)
GB (1) GB8719345D0 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995017636A1 (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson An air cooling system
ES2073359A2 (es) * 1993-07-30 1995-08-01 Fagor S Coop Ltda Acondicionador de aire portatil.
WO2001065188A1 (de) * 2000-03-02 2001-09-07 Menerga Apparatebau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum erzeugen von kaltwasser für raumkühlung
EP1134523A1 (de) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-19 RC Group S.p.A. Kühleinheit mit "freier Kühlung", ebenso ausgelegt für den Betrieb mit variablem Durchfluss; System und Verfahren
EP1489894A1 (de) * 2002-03-28 2004-12-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Kühlvorrichtung
EP1515098A1 (de) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-16 Ingenjörsfirma Kontrollelektronik Hjärtström & Kalén Aktiebolag Umgebungskonditionierungsgerät und Verfahren dafür
WO2009118127A1 (de) * 2008-03-22 2009-10-01 Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh Kühlgerät, insbesondere für einen schaltschrank sowie verfahren zur klimatisierung eines schaltschranks
GB2477739A (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-17 Blue Chip Customer Engineering Ltd Low energy consumption cooling of a data centre using either evaporative or refrigeration cooling
DE102012108108A1 (de) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltschrank mit einem Kühlgerät für die passive Schaltschrankkühlung
US8988879B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2015-03-24 Google Inc. Modular data center cooling
CN105841280A (zh) * 2016-06-13 2016-08-10 江苏海事职业技术学院 一种智能空调

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0025665A1 (de) * 1979-09-07 1981-03-25 Fujitsu Limited Kühlsystem
FR2544470A1 (fr) * 1982-12-10 1984-10-19 Hiross Int Co Unite de refroidissement pour fluides dans une installation de conditionnement d'air
FR2557958A1 (fr) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-12 Roca Radiadores Conditionneur d'air

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0025665A1 (de) * 1979-09-07 1981-03-25 Fujitsu Limited Kühlsystem
FR2544470A1 (fr) * 1982-12-10 1984-10-19 Hiross Int Co Unite de refroidissement pour fluides dans une installation de conditionnement d'air
FR2557958A1 (fr) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-12 Roca Radiadores Conditionneur d'air

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2073359A2 (es) * 1993-07-30 1995-08-01 Fagor S Coop Ltda Acondicionador de aire portatil.
WO1995017636A1 (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson An air cooling system
AU682917B2 (en) * 1993-12-22 1997-10-23 Emerson Energy Systems Ag An air cooling system
US5797275A (en) * 1993-12-22 1998-08-25 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Air-cooling system
WO2001065188A1 (de) * 2000-03-02 2001-09-07 Menerga Apparatebau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum erzeugen von kaltwasser für raumkühlung
EP1134523A1 (de) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-19 RC Group S.p.A. Kühleinheit mit "freier Kühlung", ebenso ausgelegt für den Betrieb mit variablem Durchfluss; System und Verfahren
US6640561B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-11-04 Rc Group S.P.A. Chilling unit with “free-cooling”, designed to operate also with variable flow rate; system and process
EP2203038A3 (de) * 2002-03-28 2013-02-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Kühleinrichtung
EP1489894A4 (de) * 2002-03-28 2009-02-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Kühlvorrichtung
EP1489894A1 (de) * 2002-03-28 2004-12-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Kühlvorrichtung
EP1515098A1 (de) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-16 Ingenjörsfirma Kontrollelektronik Hjärtström & Kalén Aktiebolag Umgebungskonditionierungsgerät und Verfahren dafür
US8988879B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2015-03-24 Google Inc. Modular data center cooling
WO2009118127A1 (de) * 2008-03-22 2009-10-01 Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh Kühlgerät, insbesondere für einen schaltschrank sowie verfahren zur klimatisierung eines schaltschranks
DE112009000657B4 (de) * 2008-03-22 2017-03-02 Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kühlgeräts sowie Kühlgerät zum Durchführen eines solchen Verfahrens
GB2477739A (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-17 Blue Chip Customer Engineering Ltd Low energy consumption cooling of a data centre using either evaporative or refrigeration cooling
GB2477739B (en) * 2010-02-10 2014-08-13 Blue Chip Customer Engineering Ltd Data center cooling using combined evaporative and refrigeration based cooling
DE102012108108A1 (de) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltschrank mit einem Kühlgerät für die passive Schaltschrankkühlung
DE102012108108B4 (de) * 2012-08-31 2014-04-10 Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltschrank mit einem Kühlgerät für die passive Schaltschrankkühlung
CN105841280A (zh) * 2016-06-13 2016-08-10 江苏海事职业技术学院 一种智能空调

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8719345D0 (en) 1987-09-23

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