EP0302094B1 - Source lumineuse laser avec blocage de la longueur d'onde - Google Patents

Source lumineuse laser avec blocage de la longueur d'onde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0302094B1
EP0302094B1 EP88901768A EP88901768A EP0302094B1 EP 0302094 B1 EP0302094 B1 EP 0302094B1 EP 88901768 A EP88901768 A EP 88901768A EP 88901768 A EP88901768 A EP 88901768A EP 0302094 B1 EP0302094 B1 EP 0302094B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
dye
rhodamine
pulsed
continuous wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP88901768A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0302094A4 (fr
EP0302094A1 (fr
Inventor
James Austin Piper
Mark David Ainsworth
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Macquarie University
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Macquarie University
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88901768T priority Critical patent/ATE82654T1/de
Publication of EP0302094A1 publication Critical patent/EP0302094A1/fr
Publication of EP0302094A4 publication Critical patent/EP0302094A4/fr
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Publication of EP0302094B1 publication Critical patent/EP0302094B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10084—Frequency control by seeding
    • H01S3/10092—Coherent seed, e.g. injection locking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094034—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a dye

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a wavelength locked pulsed dye laser system and a method of operating a pulsed dye laser system to provide a wavelength locked pulsed laser light.
  • Continuous light sources employed to date have been conventional arc discharge lamps of high intensity used with appropriate filters or a continuous dye laser pumped by an argon ion laser.
  • Pulsed light of the desired wavelength and average power can be obtained using a gold vapour laser, which operates directly within the required band at 628nm or a pulsed dye laser pumped by a pulsed copper laser and whose wavelength is tuned in the required band.
  • laser sources are preferred over conventional sources (for the purposes of efficient coupling of light into the fibres).
  • pulsed lasers are superior to continuous lasers in therapeutic effect.
  • the gold vapour laser though generating emission directly within the required band at the appropriate energy densities, also has significant disadvantages in practice.
  • the very high operating temperatures, greater than 1750°C, required of the plasma tube place great stress on the construction materials; the low energy conversion efficiency (compared with the copper vapour laser) results in stress on the high-voltage electrical excitation circuitry and components and places added requirements on cooling facilities; and the laser material (gold) is expensive in the quantities required. All these factors combine to make the gold laser also unreliable in operation and expensive to install and maintain.
  • Pulsed dye lasers based on the pulsed copper laser as a pump source have considerable advantages over both the argon-pumped dye laser and the gold vapour laser.
  • the copper laser pump source itself is a practical and reliable device (with plasma tube operating temperatures only about 1500°C), relatively cheap to install and maintain and having good electrical energy conversion efficiency.
  • the efficiency of conversion of the copper laser pump power (at wavelengths in the green and yellow) to high-pulse-rate dye laser output (at wavelengths in the orange, red and infrared) is high, up to 50%, in direct conversion amplifiers.
  • a dye amplifier must be injected with an optical signal at the appropriate wavelength within the amplification band of the dye and with sufficient initial power.
  • Such an injection signal is normally provided by a dye oscillator also optically pumped with a portion of the copper laser pump power.
  • Copper-laser-pumped dye oscillators are themselves relatively inefficient ( ⁇ 15%) in converting the pump laser power to dye oscillator output.
  • the optical arrangements of dye oscillators are usually complex including a loss causing frequency-selective element (often a diffraction grating) as part of the optical cavity, and, in many cases, additional optical components (lenses or prisms) to expand the optical beam at the grating.
  • wavelength locked pulsed laser light source where the wavelength of the laser light is near 630nm. It is the object of the invention to provide a wavelength locked pulsed laser with high average power at good overall efficiencies (> 20%) and with low beam divergence ( ⁇ 1 mrad).
  • AU-B-493113 describes a laser amplification system comprising means for distributing a low power dye laser output to a plurality of dye cell amplifier channels resulting in a series of laser output pulses including a plurality of pulses from each amplifier channel.
  • the present inventors have discovered that the wavelength of pulsed laser light emitted from high average power copper laser pumped pulsed dye lasers can be efficiently (> 90%) locked at the wavelength of laser light from a low-power ( ⁇ 5 mW) continuous wave laser directed into the optical cavity of the dye laser.
  • This result is novel since it has been previously shown that low-power continuous laser light directed into high gain short pulse ( ⁇ 50 nsec) dye laser optical cavities is ineffective in locking the wavelength or controlling beam characteristics of the pulsed laser light emitted from the dye laser under conditions appropriate to efficient energy conversion in the dye laser.
  • locking efficiencies up to 50% can be achieved only for very low energy conversion efficiencies ⁇ 1% for short optical pulses of ⁇ 50 nsec.
  • the reason for this is that the spontaneous fluorescent emission from the dye pumped by short ( ⁇ 50 nsec) pulses of high peak power (> 10 kW) is comparable to the injected intensity from the low power continuous laser.
  • a wavelength locked pulsed dye laser system which comprises a low-power continuous wave laser disposed to inject continuous wave, single wavelength, laser light emitted therefrom into the optical cavity of a pulsed dye laser whereby the wavelength of pulsed laser light emitted from the dye laser is locked at the wavelength of the continuous wave, single wavelength, laser light.
  • a method of operating a pulsed dye laser system to provide a wavelength locked pulsed laser light comprises providing a low-power continuous wave laser and a pulsed dye laser and aligning the lasers relative to each other such that a continuous wave, single wavelength, laser light emitted from the continuous wave laser is injected into the optical cavity of the pulsed dye laser whereby the wavelength of pulsed laser light emitted from the dye laser is locked at the wavelength of the laser light injected into the optical cavity.
  • the power of the continuous wave laser can be significantly lower than the power of the pumping light of the pulsed dye laser, e.g. a continuous wave He-Ne laser of less than 5 milliwatts power has been used to lock the wavelength of a dye laser employing rhodamine 640 or rhodamine 640 - rhodamine 590 mixtures or DCM as the fluorescent dyes and a 4W copper laser input pumping light.
  • the continuous wave laser is from 0.1mW to 10mW and the pulsed dye laser is pumped by a 0.5W to 10W copper vapour laser.
  • the invention includes situations such as (i) high-pulse-rate, short-pulse pulsed laser pump sources other than the copper vapour laser including other pulsed metal vapour laser such as gold, manganese or lead vapour lasers, or the metal atom recombination lasers such as strontium and calcium ion lasers, or any other high-pulse-rate lasers; (ii) low power (0.1 milliwatt ⁇ power ⁇ 5 milliwatt depending on power of pulsed dye laser) lasers other than the helium-neon laser for wavelength-locking purposes including metal ion lasers such as the cadmium, zinc, mercury, or selenium ion lasers, or low-power noble-gas ion lasers such as argon or krypton ion lasers, or semi-conductor diode lasers, or any other low-power continuous-wave lasers. It is noted that continuous wave lasers of power > 5 milliwatt can also be used in the first and second embodiments of this invention
  • the locked pulsed laser light can be injected into a dye amplifier(s) to increase its power to a preselected level.
  • the wavelength locking is achieved using a low power continuous laser, the optical cavity of which is coupled to the dye. cavity.
  • the reflectivity/transmission profiles of the mirrors defining the optical cavity of the pulsed dye laser are chosen to suppress laser emission at wavelengths other than those close to the wavelength of the continuous low power injection laser.
  • some optical dispersion in the dye laser cavity is provided for to aid suppression of unwanted wavelengths.
  • the separation of mirrors defining the optical cavity of the pulsed dye laser is small.
  • the laser light from the continuous wave laser can be polarised or unpolarised.
  • the wavelength locked pulsed laser light source can include a continuous wave laser which is a 0.5mW to 5mW helium-neon laser, the pulsed dye laser employs a rhodamine 640, rhodamine 590, DCM, rhodamine 640 - rhodamine 590 mixture or Kiton Red 620 dye and the pulsed dye laser is pumped by a 2W-5W copper vapour laser.
  • the invention provides locking of pulsed laser light emitted from a pulsed dye laser of short pulse duration ( ⁇ 50ns) to the wavelength of laser light emitted from a continuous wave laser into the optical cavity of the dye laser and giving stable efficient conversion of optionally high-pulse-rate short-pulse, high peak power pump laser power (at the pump wavelength) to optionally high-pulse-rate, short-pulse, high peak power dye laser output power (at the locked wavelength) with high optical beam quality.
  • alignment of the dye laser mirrors is relatively easy to reproduce as alignment can be simplified to a one mirror adjustment.
  • the high optical quality of the frequency-locked output beam which stems from the high optical quality of the low-power locking laser beam is demonstrably superior to the output beam quality of conventional (tunable) pulsed dye lasers.
  • Dye cell D1 contains a flowing solution of a suitable fluorescent laser dye such as rhodamine 590, rhodamine 640 (or mixtures of the two), Kiton Red 620, DCM or other appropriate dyes or dye mixtures.
  • He-Ne laser 11 and its end-cavity mirrors M1 and M2 are aligned with the optical axis of cavity 12.
  • Mirror M2 may be wedged to introduce dispersion into the cavity.
  • Mirror M3 which partially reflects output beam B2 of He-Ne laser 11 is accurately aligned normal to B2 so that mirror M3 forms part of a three-mirror cavity for He-Ne laser 11 (along with M1 and M2).
  • cavity 12 emits a laser beam at B3 with a broad spectrum characteristic of the amplification properties of the dye and the reflection properties of M2 and M3 and any dispersion in the cavity.
  • the distance between M2 and M3 is a critical parameter for optimum performance as is the power of He-Ne laser 11 in determining the spectral purity and stability.
  • Such cavity lengths as 70 to 300nm are typical though others are allowed.
  • the polarisation of He-Ne laser beam B2 can be unpolarised or linearly polarised; in the latter case the plane of polarisation can be parallel or normal to pump beam direction B1.
  • the dye cell itself may be wedged to provide further optical dispersion in the dye laser cavity.
  • Fig. 2 partially reflecting (transmitting) mirror M3 of Fig. 1 is replaced by a totally reflecting mirror M4 and output beam B3 from the dye laser taken from a variable coupling-plate or beamsplitter BS1 within the dye laser cavity between M2 and M4.
  • grating G1 is added to the dye laser cavity between M2 and M4; grating G1 is oriented so that the first (or higher) order diffraction of He-Ne beam B2 is colinear with the dye laser optical axis. Output beam B3 of the dye laser is taken from the grating as the zeroth (or other) diffraction order.
  • gratings or alternative dispersive elements including a prism or prisms are envisaged, in particular the replacement of mirror M4 in Fig. 2 with a broadband-reflecting Littrow prism.
  • Fig. 4 the transverse pumping arrangement is replaced by a longitudinal pumping arrangement where the input (copper laser) pump beam is focussed by a spherical mirror or lens to a spot on a fast flowing dye stream (in a closed cell or free jet) oriented at Brewsters angle to the dye laser optical axis.
  • the dye laser cavity is otherwise unaltered from that of Fig. 1
  • Alternative arrangements of the dye laser cavity such as are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 but employing longitudinal pumping as in Fig. 4 are envisaged.
  • the standing wave cavity (figures 1 ⁇ 4) is replaced by a ring cavity comprising mirrors M2, M3 and M4.
  • the He-Ne injection locking signal is coupled into the cavity through mirror M2 (also the output coupler of the He-Ne laser) and the output from the locked oscillator extracted for either M3 or M4.
  • mirror M2 also the output coupler of the He-Ne laser
  • Other arrangements incorporating additional mirrors, mirror and prism or prism cavities are envisaged.
  • Fig. 6 shows the dye laser oscillator as illustrated in Fig. 1 employed in conjunction with dye amplifiers (oscillator cavities such as those of Figs. 2-4 may be substituted for that of Fig. 1).
  • the input (copper laser) pump beam is split at beamsplitter BS2, a fraction of the beam being redirected to the dye oscillator as for Fig. 1.
  • the remaining pump beam passes to beamsplitter BS3 where a further fraction is redirected to dye amplifier D1A, via focussing optics L2.
  • the dye amplifier contains a flowing solution of a fluorescent dye or dye mixture as described for the dye oscillator.
  • Output beam B3 of the dye oscillator passes through beam transfer optics BT1 (which might include apertures, lens or dispersing elements or a combination of such as is required to effect any desirable "clean-up" of the oscillator beam) to the dye amplifier and emerges as a power-amplified beam at B4.
  • This amplified beam may be employed directly or further amplified after passage through beam transfer optics BT2 to an additional dye amplifier stage.
  • B4 1 Watt output beam
  • a single-step conversion efficiency near 20% may be obtained from a single frequency locked dye oscillator pumped with 3-4 Watts direct input. Note that arrangements similar to that of Fig. 6 but where the dye amplifiers are pumped transversely from both sides are also envisaged.
  • a feature of the output beams generated by the devices described herein is excellent power and wavelength stability in high-average-power, high-pulse rate operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Système (10) à laser pulsé à colorant asservi en longueur d'onde, qui comporte un laser (11) à ondes entretenues de faible puissance, disposé afin qu'il injecte de la lumière laser à ondes entretenues à une seule longueur d'onde, émise par le laser, dans la cavité optique (12) d'un laser pulsé à colorant, de manière que la longueur d'onde de la lumière laser pulsée émise par le laser à colorant soit asservie à la longueur d'onde de la lumière laser à ondes entretenues à une seule longueur d'onde.
  2. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est choisi dans le groupe qui comprend un laser hélium-néon, un laser ionique au cadmium, un laser au mercure-cadmium, un laser ionique au zinc, un laser ionique au mercure, un laser ionique au sélénium, un laser ionique à argon et un laser ionique au krypton.
  3. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est un laser hélium-néon.
  4. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le laser (11) à ondes entretenues a une puissance comprise entre 0,1 et 10 mW.
  5. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le laser pulsé à colorant utilise la rhodamine 640, le colorant "Kiton Red 620", la rhodamine 590, un mélange de rhodamines 640 et 590 ou du DCM comme colorant fluorescent.
  6. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser de pompage (13) choisi dans le groupe qui comprend un laser à vapeurs de cuivre, un laser à vapeurs d'or, un laser à vapeurs de manganèse, un laser à vapeurs de plomb, un laser ionique au strontium et un laser ionique au calcium.
  7. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser (13) à vapeurs de cuivre de 0,5 à 10 W.
  8. Source de lumière laser selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est un laser hélium-néon de 0,5 à 4 mW, le laser pulsé à colorant utilise la rhodamine 640, la rhodamine 690, le DCM, un mélange de rhodamines 640 et 590 ou le colorant "Kiton Red 620", et le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser (13) à vapeur de cuivre de 2 à 5 W.
  9. Procédé de commande d'un système (10) à laser pulsé à colorant pour la formation de lumière (B3) d'un laser pulsé asservi en longueur d'onde, le procédé comprenant la disposition d'un laser (11) à ondes entretenues de faible puissance et d'un laser pulsé à colorant, et l'alignement des lasers l'un par rapport à l'autre afin qu'une lumière (B2) de laser à ondes entretenues à une seule longueur d'onde, émise par le laser à ondes entretenues, soit injectée dans la cavité optique (12) du laser pulsé à colorant, si bien que la longueur d'onde de la lumière pulsée (B3) émise par le laser à colorant est asservie à la longueur d'onde de la lumière du laser injectée dans la cavité optique (12).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est choisi dans le groupe qui comprend un laser hélium-néon, un laser ionique au cadmium, un laser au mercure-cadmium, un laser ionique au zinc, un laser ionique au mercure, un laser ionique au sélénium, un laser ionique à l'argon ou un laser ionique au krypton.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est un laser hélium-néon.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le laser (11) à ondes entretenues a une puissance comprise entre 0,1 et 10 mW.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le laser pulsé à colorant utilise la rhodamine 640, le colorant "Kiton Red 620", la rhodamine 590, un mélange de rhodamines 640 et 590 ou le DCM comme colorant fluorescent.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser (13) de pompage choisi dans le groupe qui comprend un laser à vapeurs de cuivre, un laser à vapeurs d'or, un laser à vapeurs de manganèse, un laser à vapeurs de plomb, un laser ionique au strontium et un laser ionique au calcium.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser (13) à vapeurs de cuivre de 0,5 à 10 W.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le laser (11) à ondes entretenues est un laser hélium-néon de 0,5 à 5 mW, le laser pulsé à colorant utilise la rhodamine 640, la rhodamine 590, le DCM, un mélange de rhodamines 640 et 590 ou le colorant "Kiton Red 620", et le laser pulsé à colorant est pompé par un laser (13) à vapeurs de cuivre de 2 à 5 W.
EP88901768A 1987-02-11 1988-02-11 Source lumineuse laser avec blocage de la longueur d'onde Expired EP0302094B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88901768T ATE82654T1 (de) 1987-02-11 1988-02-11 Frequenz-gekoppelte laser-lichtquelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPI029787 1987-02-11
AU297/87 1987-02-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0302094A1 EP0302094A1 (fr) 1989-02-08
EP0302094A4 EP0302094A4 (fr) 1990-04-09
EP0302094B1 true EP0302094B1 (fr) 1992-11-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88901768A Expired EP0302094B1 (fr) 1987-02-11 1988-02-11 Source lumineuse laser avec blocage de la longueur d'onde

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US (1) US4955027A (fr)
EP (1) EP0302094B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE82654T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1344188A (fr)
CA (1) CA1297935C (fr)
DE (1) DE3876031D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988006358A1 (fr)

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GB2239733A (en) * 1990-01-03 1991-07-10 British Telecomm A laser oscillator
US5046184A (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-09-03 University Of California Method and apparatus for passive mode locking high power lasers
US5325393A (en) * 1992-11-06 1994-06-28 Carl Zeiss, Inc. Dual laser resonator and beam combiner
WO1997031410A2 (fr) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-28 Coherent Inc. Dispositif d'apport d'un faisceau laser destine a des lasers de puissance a longueur d'onde multiple
US6611341B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2003-08-26 Spectrasensors, Inc. Method and system for locking transmission wavelengths for lasers in a dense wavelength division multiplexer utilizing a tunable etalon
US6693928B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2004-02-17 Spectrasensors, Inc. Technique for filtering chirp from optical signals
US6671296B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2003-12-30 Spectrasensors, Inc. Wavelength locker on optical bench and method of manufacture
US6587484B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2003-07-01 Spectrasensor, Inc,. Method and apparatus for determining transmission wavelengths for lasers in a dense wavelength division multiplexer
US6690687B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2004-02-10 Spectrasensors, Inc. Tunable semiconductor laser having cavity with ring resonator mirror and mach-zehnder interferometer
US6930822B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2005-08-16 Spectra Physics, Inc. Wavelength locker
US7599413B2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2009-10-06 Pavilion Integration Corp. Self-contained module for injecting signal into slave laser without any modifications or adaptations to it
CN107591673A (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-01-16 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 激光器驰豫振荡噪声抑制装置
CN110448789B (zh) * 2019-08-07 2021-04-16 郑州大学第一附属医院 腔道壁肿瘤化疗药物介入装置

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US3766489A (en) * 1972-02-07 1973-10-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Optical device, such as a dye laser, employing a free-flowing liquid stream
US3754195A (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-08-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Double-folded astigmatically compensated optical cavities
US4019157A (en) * 1976-04-06 1977-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Method and apparatus for tuning high power lasers
US4410995A (en) * 1981-09-16 1983-10-18 Photochemical Research Associates Inc. Cascaded dye laser cavities
US4689794A (en) * 1985-01-28 1987-08-25 Northrop Corporation Injection locking a xenon chloride laser at 308.4 nm
JPH01500389A (ja) * 1986-04-29 1989-02-09 マック・クオーリィ　ユニバーシテイ 特定の波長でパルス状の光出力を発生するためのダイレーザ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE82654T1 (de) 1992-12-15
AU1344188A (en) 1988-09-14
EP0302094A4 (fr) 1990-04-09
DE3876031D1 (de) 1992-12-24
EP0302094A1 (fr) 1989-02-08
US4955027A (en) 1990-09-04
CA1297935C (fr) 1992-03-24
WO1988006358A1 (fr) 1988-08-25

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