EP0299835A1 - Pyrotechnical composition for the production of smoke opaque to infrared rays, process for its manufacture and decoy comprising such a composition - Google Patents
Pyrotechnical composition for the production of smoke opaque to infrared rays, process for its manufacture and decoy comprising such a composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0299835A1 EP0299835A1 EP88401688A EP88401688A EP0299835A1 EP 0299835 A1 EP0299835 A1 EP 0299835A1 EP 88401688 A EP88401688 A EP 88401688A EP 88401688 A EP88401688 A EP 88401688A EP 0299835 A1 EP0299835 A1 EP 0299835A1
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- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- pyrotechnic composition
- particles
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation, its manufacturing process and a decoy comprising such a composition.
- FR-A-2 560 186 describes a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of a smoke screen preventing the transmission of infrared radiation from a target to a sensor.
- This composition comprises a compound generating carbon particles by thermal decomposition. It also includes an oxidation-reduction system reacting at a temperature above 1000 ° C.
- the compound generating carbon particles can be hexachloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, naphthalene, anthracene or a mixture thereof.
- Document FR-A-2 583 037 describes a composition of the same type in which the compound generating carbon particles is a halogenated condensed carbon compound.
- the carbon particles dispersed in space form an opaque screen with infrared radiation.
- the occultation phenomenon is only linked to the absorption of radiation by the particles.
- These are generally very small because the particle-generating compound goes through a very dilute vapor phase: the agglomerates resulting from condensation are of limited size.
- it is very important to control the particle size of the carbon particles formed, because only a particle size close to the wavelength of the radiation to be obscured is effective.
- camouflage obtained with the type of composition described above is not perfect since the particle screen is not perfectly opaque to infrared radiation. This is not satisfactory compared to current or developing means of acquisition.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation which makes it possible to obtain complete masking of a target during a line sufficient to "misplace" a missile, to prevent guidance of a missile or simply to avoid spotting a target.
- composition of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises: - particles of chemical elements with a high extinguishing power in the infrared, of size between approximately 1 and approximately 25 ⁇ m, - an oxidation-reduction system reacting at a temperature between approximately 500 and approximately 700 ° C., composed of at least one organic reducing agent and at least one organic and / or mineral oxidizing agent.
- the combustion of the composition essentially produces gases which entrain the particles of chemical elements and disperse them in space.
- the "cloud” thus created is dense and allows the target to be properly masked.
- reaction temperature is voluntarily limited since it is not necessarily sought to decompose, as in the prior art, one of the constituents of the composition.
- said particles are chosen from particles of graphite, and / or transition metals, aluminum, silicon, their alloys and their mixtures.
- a particularly preferred composition comprises graphite particles and particles chosen from those of transition metals, aluminum, silicon, their alloys, as well as their mixtures.
- the occultation is due to a phenomenon of absorption of radiation by graphite and to a phenomenon of reflection of the radiation on the metal particles.
- said particles of transition metals and their alloys are chosen from particles of copper, copper-based alloys, tantalum, niobium.
- the organic reducing agent will advantageously be a nitrogenous organic reducing agent such as azodicarbonamide.
- Said organic oxidant will preferably be guanidine nitrate.
- the mineral oxidant can be chosen from perchlorates. Ammonium, potassium and sodium perchlorates are particularly preferred.
- the composition of the present invention comprises approximately 20 to approximately 40% by weight of redox system.
- a composition in accordance with the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): - 25 to 70% of particles, with high extinguishing power in the infrared, - up to 10% guanidine nitrate, - up to 10% azodicarbonamide, - up to 12% ammonium perchlorate, - up to 10% nitrocellulose, - up to 10% calcium carbonate, - up to 30% zinc oxide, - up to 10% dicyandiamide.
- composition of the present invention essentially comprises particles of chemical elements endowed with a high extinguishing power in the infrared. These particles have a size between 1 and 25 ⁇ m.
- the particles are pre-dimensioned and do not react with each other during the reaction of the redox system. This forms a screen of particles opaque to infrared radiation.
- Particularly preferred particles of chemical elements are particles of graphite and / or particles of transition metals of aluminum, silicon, their alloys, as well as their mixtures.
- the composition also comprises an oxidation-reduction system which reacts at a temperature of between approximately 500 ° and approximately 700 ° C.
- the redox system When the redox system reacts, it essentially generates gases which entrain particles of chemical elements and disperse them in space.
- the reducing agent is organic in nature. It is preferred to use a nitrogenous reducing agent which generates, during its combustion, essentially gases which disperse the particles in space. As such, azodicarbonamide is particularly preferred.
- the oxidant can be organic or mineral. It is also preferred to use an oxidant which generates, upon combustion, a large amount of gas. Guanidine nitrate is a particularly preferred organic oxidant.
- perchlorates As the mineral oxidant, it is possible to use perchlorates and, in particular, ammonium, potassium or sodium perchlorates. However, ammonium perchlorate is preferred because it is completely transformed into gas.
- composition can contain about 20 to about 40% by weight of redox system.
- a binder such as nitrocellulose, a resin, linseed oil which will improve the strength and compactness of the composition.
- composition can also contain other adjuvants such as a cooling agent (zinc oxide for example), a sublimable solid or other compounds known to those skilled in the art.
- a cooling agent such as a cooling agent (zinc oxide for example), a sublimable solid or other compounds known to those skilled in the art.
- the occulting power of the composition of the present invention was measured using radiometers and with reference to a black body (1000 K).
- the signal observed is a function of the attenuation of the emission of the black body and of the specific emission of the particles.
- the present invention also aims to provide a process for the preparation of such a composition.
- This process consists in mixing, for example in a kneader, the different constituents of the composition other than the oxidant (s), in powder form, in the presence of acetone.
- the oxidant is then incorporated into the mixture.
- the acetone is evaporated.
- the dough obtained can be granulated in order to increase the apparent density of the composition.
- the present invention also relates to a decoy comprising a pyrotechnic composition and a device for igniting it.
- firing device is meant any suitable device known to those skilled in the art, for example a pyromechanical system.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une composition pyrotechnique destinée à la production de fumée opaque aux rayonnements infrarouges, son procédé de fabrication et un leurre comportant une telle composition.The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation, its manufacturing process and a decoy comprising such a composition.
Dans la technique antérieure, on a déjà proposé, en vue de protéger une cible d'un missile à guidage par infrarouge, des compositions produisant des fumées opaques aux rayonnements infrarouges.In the prior art, it has already been proposed, in order to protect a target of an infrared-guided missile, compositions producing opaque fumes with infrared radiation.
FR-A-2 560 186 décrit une composition pyrotechnique destinée à la production d'un écran de fumée interdisant la transmission du rayonnement infrarouge d'une cible vers un capteur. Cette composition comprend un composé générateur de particules de carbone par décomposition thermique. Elle comporte également un système oxydo-réducteur réagissant à une température supérieure à 1000°C. Le composé générateur de particules de carbone peut être l'hexachloroéthane, l'hexachlorobenzène, le naphtalène, l'anthracène ou leur mélange.FR-A-2 560 186 describes a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of a smoke screen preventing the transmission of infrared radiation from a target to a sensor. This composition comprises a compound generating carbon particles by thermal decomposition. It also includes an oxidation-reduction system reacting at a temperature above 1000 ° C. The compound generating carbon particles can be hexachloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, naphthalene, anthracene or a mixture thereof.
Le document FR-A-2 583 037 décrit une composition du même type dans laquelle le composé générateur de particules de carbone est un composé carboné condensé halogéné.Document FR-A-2 583 037 describes a composition of the same type in which the compound generating carbon particles is a halogenated condensed carbon compound.
Dans ces techniques, les particules de carbone dispersées dans l'espace forment un écran opaque aux rayonnement infrarouges. Le phénomène d'occultation est uniquement lié à l'absorption du rayonnement par les particules. Celles-ci sont généralement de très petite taille car le composé générateur de particules passe par une phase vapeur très diluée : les agglomérats résultant de la condensation sont de taille limitée. Or, il est très important de maîtriser la granulométrie des particules de carbone formées, car seule une granulométrie voisine de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement à occulter est efficace.In these techniques, the carbon particles dispersed in space form an opaque screen with infrared radiation. The occultation phenomenon is only linked to the absorption of radiation by the particles. These are generally very small because the particle-generating compound goes through a very dilute vapor phase: the agglomerates resulting from condensation are of limited size. However, it is very important to control the particle size of the carbon particles formed, because only a particle size close to the wavelength of the radiation to be obscured is effective.
Le camouflage obtenu avec le type de composition précédemment décrit n'est pas parfait puisque l'écran de particules n'est pas parfaitement opaque aux rayonnements infrarouges. Ceci n'est pas satisfaisant par rapport aux moyens d'acquisition actuels ou en développement.The camouflage obtained with the type of composition described above is not perfect since the particle screen is not perfectly opaque to infrared radiation. This is not satisfactory compared to current or developing means of acquisition.
La présente invention a pour principal objet de proposer une composition pyrotechnique destinée à la production de fumée opaque aux rayonnements infrarouges qui permet d'obtenir un masquage complet d'une cible pendant une dirée suffisante pour "égarer" un missile, d'empêcher le guidage d'un missile ou simplement d'éviter le répérage d'une cible.The main object of the present invention is to provide a pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation which makes it possible to obtain complete masking of a target during a line sufficient to "misplace" a missile, to prevent guidance of a missile or simply to avoid spotting a target.
Plus précisément, la composition de la présente invention est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
- des particules d'éléments chimiques dotés d'un haut pouvoir d'extinction dans l'infrarouge, de taille comprise entre environ 1 et environ 25 µm,
- un système oxydo-réducteur réagissant à une température comprise entre environ 500 et environ 700°C, composé d'au moins un réducteur organique et d'au moins un oxydant organique et/ou minéral.More specifically, the composition of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises:
- particles of chemical elements with a high extinguishing power in the infrared, of size between approximately 1 and approximately 25 μm,
- an oxidation-reduction system reacting at a temperature between approximately 500 and approximately 700 ° C., composed of at least one organic reducing agent and at least one organic and / or mineral oxidizing agent.
La combustion de la composition produit essentiellement des gaz qui entraînent les particules d'éléments chimiques et les dispersent dans l'espace. Le "nuage" ainsi créé est dense et permet de masquer correctement la cible.The combustion of the composition essentially produces gases which entrain the particles of chemical elements and disperse them in space. The "cloud" thus created is dense and allows the target to be properly masked.
La température de réaction est volontairement limitée car on ne cherche pas nécessairement à décomposer, comme dans la technique antérieure, un des constituants de la composition.The reaction temperature is voluntarily limited since it is not necessarily sought to decompose, as in the prior art, one of the constituents of the composition.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, lesdites particules sont choisies parmi les particules de graphite, et/ou de métaux de transition, d'aluminium, de silicium, de leurs alliages ainsi que leurs mélanges.According to a particular characteristic, said particles are chosen from particles of graphite, and / or transition metals, aluminum, silicon, their alloys and their mixtures.
Une composition particulièrement préférée comporte des particules de graphite et des particules choisies parmi celles de métaux de transition, d'aluminium, de silicium, de leurs alliages, ainsi que leurs mélanges.A particularly preferred composition comprises graphite particles and particles chosen from those of transition metals, aluminum, silicon, their alloys, as well as their mixtures.
Avec une telle composition comportant des particules de graphite et de métal, l'occultation est due à un phénomène d'absorption du rayonnement par le graphite et à un phénomène de réflexion du rayonnement sur les particules de métal.With such a composition comprising graphite and metal particles, the occultation is due to a phenomenon of absorption of radiation by graphite and to a phenomenon of reflection of the radiation on the metal particles.
De préférence, lesdites particules de métaux de transition et de leurs alliages sont choisies parmi les particules de cuivre, d'alliages à base de cuivre, de tantale, de niobium.Preferably, said particles of transition metals and their alloys are chosen from particles of copper, copper-based alloys, tantalum, niobium.
Le réducteur organique sera avantageusement un réducteur organique azoté tel que l'azodicarbonamide. Ledit oxydant organique sera de préférence le nitrate de guanidine. L'oxydant minéral peut être choisi parmi les perchlorates. Les perchlorates d'ammonium, de potassium et de sodium sont particulièrement préférés.The organic reducing agent will advantageously be a nitrogenous organic reducing agent such as azodicarbonamide. Said organic oxidant will preferably be guanidine nitrate. The mineral oxidant can be chosen from perchlorates. Ammonium, potassium and sodium perchlorates are particularly preferred.
Selon une autre caractéristique, la composition de la présente invention comporte environ 20 à environ 40 % en poids de système oxydo-réducteur.According to another characteristic, the composition of the present invention comprises approximately 20 to approximately 40% by weight of redox system.
Une composition conforme à la présente invention comporte (pourcentages en poids) :
- 25 à 70 % de particules, à haut pouvoir d'extinction dans l'infrarouge,
- jusqu'à 10 % de nitrate de guanidine,
- jusqu'à 10 % d'azodicarbonamide,
- jusqu'à 12 % de perchlorate d'ammonium,
- jusqu'à 10 % de nitrocellulose,
- jusqu'à 10 % de carbonate de calcium,
- jusqu'à 30 % d'oxyde de zinc,
- jusqu'à 10 % de dicyandiamide.A composition in accordance with the present invention comprises (percentages by weight):
- 25 to 70% of particles, with high extinguishing power in the infrared,
- up to 10% guanidine nitrate,
- up to 10% azodicarbonamide,
- up to 12% ammonium perchlorate,
- up to 10% nitrocellulose,
- up to 10% calcium carbonate,
- up to 30% zinc oxide,
- up to 10% dicyandiamide.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'une telle composition. Il est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :
- a) mélanger,sous forme de poudre, les constituants autres que l'oxydant en présence d'acétone,
- b) ajouter ledit oxydant,
- c) malaxer puis évaporer ladite acétone.
- a) mixing, in powder form, the constituents other than the oxidant in the presence of acetone,
- b) adding said oxidant,
- c) kneading and then evaporating said acetone.
Elle concerne aussi un leurre caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une composition pyrotechnique conforme à la présente invention et un dispositif de mise à feu de ladite compositionIt also relates to a lure characterized in that it comprises a pyrotechnic composition in accordance with the present invention and a device for igniting said composition
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description détaillée de l'invention qui va suivre.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the detailed description of the invention which follows.
La composition de la présente invention comporte essentiellement des particules d'éléments chimiques dotés d'un haut pouvoir d'extinction dans l'infrarouge. Ces particules présentent une taille comprise entre 1 et 25 µm.The composition of the present invention essentially comprises particles of chemical elements endowed with a high extinguishing power in the infrared. These particles have a size between 1 and 25 μm.
Les particules sont prédimensionnées et ne réagissent pas entre elles lors de la réaction du système oxydo-réducteur. Il se forme alors un écran de particules opaque aux rayonnements infrarouges.The particles are pre-dimensioned and do not react with each other during the reaction of the redox system. This forms a screen of particles opaque to infrared radiation.
Des particules d'éléments chimiques particulièrement préférées sont les particules de graphite et/ou les particules de métaux de transition d'aluminium, de silicium , de leurs alliages, ainsi que leurs mélanges.Particularly preferred particles of chemical elements are particles of graphite and / or particles of transition metals of aluminum, silicon, their alloys, as well as their mixtures.
En particulier, de très bons résultats sont obtenus lorsque l'on utilise des particules de cuivre, d'alliages à base de cuivre tels que le laiton et le bronze, le tantale, le niobium.In particular, very good results are obtained when using copper particles, copper-based alloys such as brass and bronze, tantalum, niobium.
La composition comporte également un système oxydo-réducteur qui réagit à une température comprise entre environ 500° et environ 700°C.The composition also comprises an oxidation-reduction system which reacts at a temperature of between approximately 500 ° and approximately 700 ° C.
Lorsque le système oxydo-réducteur réagit, celui-ci génère essentiellement des gaz qui entraînent les particules d'éléments chimiques et les dispersent dans l'espace.When the redox system reacts, it essentially generates gases which entrain particles of chemical elements and disperse them in space.
Le réducteur est de nature organique. On préfère utiliser un réducteur azoté qui génère, lors de sa combustion, essentiellement des gaz qui dispersent les particules dans l'espace. L'azodicarbonamide est, à ce titre, particulièrement préféré.The reducing agent is organic in nature. It is preferred to use a nitrogenous reducing agent which generates, during its combustion, essentially gases which disperse the particles in space. As such, azodicarbonamide is particularly preferred.
L'oxydant peut être organique ou minéral. On préfère également utiliser un oxydant qui génère, lors de sa combustion, une importante quantité de gaz. Le nitrate de guanidine est un oxydant organique particulièrement préféré.The oxidant can be organic or mineral. It is also preferred to use an oxidant which generates, upon combustion, a large amount of gas. Guanidine nitrate is a particularly preferred organic oxidant.
A titre d'oxydant minéral, on peut utiliser les perchlorates et, en particulier, les perchlorates d'ammonium, de potassium ou de sodium. Le perchlorate d'ammonium est toutefois préféré car il est entièrement transformé en gaz.As the mineral oxidant, it is possible to use perchlorates and, in particular, ammonium, potassium or sodium perchlorates. However, ammonium perchlorate is preferred because it is completely transformed into gas.
La composition peut contenir environ 20 à environ 40 % en poids de système oxydo-réducteur.The composition can contain about 20 to about 40% by weight of redox system.
On peut incorporer à la composition de la présente invention, un liant tel que la nitrocellulose,une résine, l'huile de lin qui améliorera la tenue et la compacité de la composition.Can be incorporated into the composition of the present invention, a binder such as nitrocellulose, a resin, linseed oil which will improve the strength and compactness of the composition.
La composition peut aussi contenir d'autres adjuvants tels qu'un agent de refroidissement (l'oxyde de zinc par exemple), un solide sublimable ou d'autres composés connus de l'homme du métier.The composition can also contain other adjuvants such as a cooling agent (zinc oxide for example), a sublimable solid or other compounds known to those skilled in the art.
Le pouvoir d'occultation de la composition de la présente invention a été mesuré à l'aide de radiomètres et en référence à un corps noir (1000 K). Le signal observé est fonction de l'atténuation de l'émission du corps noir et de l'émission propre des particules.The occulting power of the composition of the present invention was measured using radiometers and with reference to a black body (1000 K). The signal observed is a function of the attenuation of the emission of the black body and of the specific emission of the particles.
Dans les exemples ci-dessous, on a énuméré quelques formulations donnant de bons résultats.
La présente invention a également pour but de fournir un procédé de préparation d'une telle composition. Ce procédé consiste à mélanger, par exemple dans un malaxeur, les différents constituants de la composition autres que le ou les oxydant(s), sous forme de poudre , en présence d'acétone. On incorpore alors l'oxydant au mélange. Après malaxage, l'acétone est évaporée. On peut procéder à la granulation de la pâte obtenue afin d'augmenter la densité apparente de la composition.The present invention also aims to provide a process for the preparation of such a composition. This process consists in mixing, for example in a kneader, the different constituents of the composition other than the oxidant (s), in powder form, in the presence of acetone. The oxidant is then incorporated into the mixture. After mixing, the acetone is evaporated. The dough obtained can be granulated in order to increase the apparent density of the composition.
La présente invention concerne aussi un leurre comportant une composition pyrotechnique et un dispositif de mise à feu de celle-ci. Par dispositif de mise à feu, on entend tout dispositif approprié connu de l'homme de métier, par exemple un système pyromécanique.The present invention also relates to a decoy comprising a pyrotechnic composition and a device for igniting it. By firing device is meant any suitable device known to those skilled in the art, for example a pyromechanical system.
Claims (14)
- des particules d'éléments chimiques dotés d'un haut pouvoir d'extinction dans l'infrarouge,de taille comprise entre 1 et environ 25 µm,
- un système oxydo-réducteur réagissant à une température comprise entre environ 500 et environ 700°C, composé d'au moins un réducteur organique et d'au moins un oxydant organique et/ou minéral.1. Pyrotechnic composition intended for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation, characterized in that it comprises:
- particles of chemical elements with a high extinguishing power in the infrared, of size between 1 and approximately 25 μm,
- an oxidoreductive system reacting at a temperature between approximately 500 and approximately 700 ° C., composed of at least one organic reducing agent and at least one organic and / or mineral oxidizing agent.
- 25 à 70 % en particules à haut pouvoir d'extinction dans l'infrarouge,
- jusqu'à 10 % de nitrate de guanidine,
- jusqu'à 10 % d'azodicarbonamide,
- jusqu'à 12 % de perchlorate d'ammonium,
- jusqu'à 10 % de nitrocellulose,
- jusqu'à 10 % de carbonate de calcium,
- jusqu'à 30 % d'oxyde de zinc,
- jusqu'à 30 % d'hexachloroéthane,
- jusqu'à 10 % de dicyandiamide.12. Pyrotechnic composition according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises (percentages by weight):
- 25 to 70% of particles with high extinguishing power in the infrared,
- up to 10% guanidine nitrate,
- up to 10% azodicarbonamide,
- up to 12% ammonium perchlorate,
- up to 10% nitrocellulose,
- up to 10% calcium carbonate,
- up to 30% zinc oxide,
- up to 30% hexachloroethane,
- up to 10% dicyandiamide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8709405 | 1987-07-02 | ||
| FR8709405A FR2617474B1 (en) | 1987-07-02 | 1987-07-02 | PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OPAQUE SMOKE WITH INFRARED RADIATION, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND LURE COMPRISING SUCH A COMPOSITION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0299835A1 true EP0299835A1 (en) | 1989-01-18 |
Family
ID=9352809
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88401688A Withdrawn EP0299835A1 (en) | 1987-07-02 | 1988-06-30 | Pyrotechnical composition for the production of smoke opaque to infrared rays, process for its manufacture and decoy comprising such a composition |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0299835A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2617474B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO882877L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0437399A1 (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1991-07-17 | Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Sa | Smokescreen device |
| DE4337071C1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-03-02 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Pyrotechnic smoke charge for camouflage purposes and its use in a smoke body |
| EP1371934B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2016-01-13 | NEXTER Munitions | Masking ammunition |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2819850B1 (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1979-07-19 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Pyrotechnic smoke set |
| DE3147850A1 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-06-09 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Wide-band camouflage mist |
| FR2560371A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-08-30 | France Etat Armement | VISIBLE AND INFRARED RADIATION OCCULTATION METHOD AND FUMIGENE MUNITION USING THE SAME |
| FR2560186A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-08-30 | France Etat Armement | INFRARED OPAQUE FUME GENERATION OF PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION AND FUMIGENE MUNITION OBTAINED |
| FR2583037A1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-12 | France Etat Armement | EFFICIENT COLOR FUMIGENE COMPOSITIONS IN INFRARED |
-
1987
- 1987-07-02 FR FR8709405A patent/FR2617474B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-06-28 NO NO88882877A patent/NO882877L/en unknown
- 1988-06-30 EP EP88401688A patent/EP0299835A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2819850B1 (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1979-07-19 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Pyrotechnic smoke set |
| DE3147850A1 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-06-09 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Wide-band camouflage mist |
| FR2560371A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-08-30 | France Etat Armement | VISIBLE AND INFRARED RADIATION OCCULTATION METHOD AND FUMIGENE MUNITION USING THE SAME |
| FR2560186A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-08-30 | France Etat Armement | INFRARED OPAQUE FUME GENERATION OF PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION AND FUMIGENE MUNITION OBTAINED |
| FR2583037A1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-12 | France Etat Armement | EFFICIENT COLOR FUMIGENE COMPOSITIONS IN INFRARED |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0437399A1 (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1991-07-17 | Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Sa | Smokescreen device |
| FR2657155A1 (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1991-07-19 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | |
| DE4337071C1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-03-02 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Pyrotechnic smoke charge for camouflage purposes and its use in a smoke body |
| AU675740B2 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1997-02-13 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jurgen Diederichs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnic smoke-generating composition for camouflage purposes and its use in a smoke-generating body |
| EP1371934B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2016-01-13 | NEXTER Munitions | Masking ammunition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO882877D0 (en) | 1988-06-28 |
| FR2617474A1 (en) | 1989-01-06 |
| NO882877L (en) | 1989-01-03 |
| FR2617474B1 (en) | 1990-01-05 |
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