EP0299386A2 - Prefabricated continuous road marking tape having optical and electromagnetic function - Google Patents
Prefabricated continuous road marking tape having optical and electromagnetic function Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0299386A2 EP0299386A2 EP88110959A EP88110959A EP0299386A2 EP 0299386 A2 EP0299386 A2 EP 0299386A2 EP 88110959 A EP88110959 A EP 88110959A EP 88110959 A EP88110959 A EP 88110959A EP 0299386 A2 EP0299386 A2 EP 0299386A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- layer
- road
- road surface
- rable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
- G08G1/096716—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information does not generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
- G08G1/096725—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information generates an automatic action on the vehicle control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096733—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place
- G08G1/096758—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place where no selection takes place on the transmitted or the received information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
- G08G1/096783—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is a roadside individual element
Definitions
- the continuous horizontal road-marking tape technology is reaching by the present application a further important improvement.
- Applicant starting almost twenty years ago, has developed layered road-marking tapes, and later on the use of electric energy and of electromagnetic energy in the technique of the road-marking has been developed.
- the denomination "Road marking tape” is today very vague, because the informations supplied by the tape include not only optical irradiations, but also electromagnetic irradiations, that one has to suitably transform.
- the tape has to include retroreflective elements, light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, storage batteries, and the tape has to be in position to exploit only that solar energy which is incident on the tape.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- the tape has to be in position to exploit only that solar energy which is incident on the tape.
- the upper layer 2 is a wear resistant film made of polyurethane resin, which is since more years securing the best results.
- Upper layer 2 is pigmented in order to ensure the best visibility by day; retroreflecting components 14 are applied upon it, and at 16 there is represented one of the transparent protrusions, in which there are placed light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, storage batteries and the like.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- the following intermediate layer 4 consists of a non-woven fabric, strongly impregnated with a polyurethane prepolymer, which provides the mechanical properties of the tape.
- the third layer 6 includes antennas and reflectors 18, which are dipped in adhesive, schematically shown in fig. 1, and which will be described in detail later on.
- the fourth layer 8 consists of the circuits connecting the electric and the electromagnetic components, which circuits are concretized by conductive stripes 20, dipped in adhesive.
- the fifth layer 10 is the EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding layer, which has the function of protecting the electromagnetic elements from disturbing interferences coming from the ground.
- Layer 10 consists of a dispersion of conductive particles, or of a metallization, schematically shown at 22. Good results have been obtained by using high percentage nickel dispersions in acrilic prepolymer, like the nickel dispersions manufactured by the firm Metalgalvano Sozzi of Rovello Porro (Italy) or the acrilic coating 3M110 manufactured by Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co.
- the sixth layer 12 is consisting of a strong, extensible webb, strongly impregnated by an adhesive, which has a good adhesion to the road surface, but at the same time allows removal of the tape without damaging it, said layer being illustrated in plane view by 24.
- gigaherz reflector 6 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which reflects back electromagnetic energy irradiated by the vehicle, and is located on the low layers of the tape, is fundamental for the control of the speed of the vehicle.
- Gigaherz reflector 6 is concretized by multiple conductive stripes 26 dipped in adhesive, illustrated in Fig. 2, which stripes are positioned at an angular direction - usually 15° - related to the direction of vehicle traffic. This angular feature assures good reception of the reflected waves at the side of the tape, within a sufficiently wide lateral lane.
- reflector 6 consists of several groups of equidistant metallic stripes 26, adhering to the tape, for example metal foils of 1 mm width, every group being marked by a different distance between the stripes: e.g, in fig. 2 there are shown two groups, 28 and 30, wherein the metal foils have a different spaced apart distance.
- Gigaherz reflector 6 shows a diffuse reflection behaviour in elevation, and since the position of the vehicle on the road may vary within a certain space of several meters perpendicularly to the direction of the traffic, the reflection maxima should be as close as possible within the reflection diagram.
- Transmitter 32 on the vehicle consists of a frequency stability oscillator, which is connected by means of a coupling 34 to a horn antenna 33, which has an angle of 45 with respect of the road surface, and irradiates towards the reflector 36, which here is only schematically shown.
- the energy returning from reflector 36 is received by another horn antenna 35, also placed on the vehicle, and is conducted to mixer 38, from which a frequency f D comes out, which is the difference between the frequency emitted by antenna 33 and the one received by antenna 35.
- a frequency f D comes out
- the signal, from mixer 38 is conducted to a high-pass filter and 80 dB amplifier 40, then to low-pass filter 42, and finally to a comparator and pulse former 44.
- the first method is based on the impulses originating from the metal stripes 26, upon sweeping of the transmitted waves on the tape, the waves frequency, and only refers to vehicl- speed.
- the impulses build an impulse train, such that the threshold of the comparator 44 is overpassed and an indicator is activated.
- Comparator 44 of fig. 4 includes a generator of a tuning note, fitted for a selected speed, which provides impulses of a certain form and frequency. When the refleczed waves and the impulses provided for a selected speed are overlapping, an indicator on the vehicle is activated. This described technology is very well known.
- the composite road marking tape which is the object of the present invention includes a small radiotransmitter 52 (fig. 5) operating at a frequency in the megahertz field, and which irradiates messages recorded in EPROM.
- Said transmitter 52 which has a very low consumption of energy, for example 8 mW, is fed by small storage batteries which in their turn are fed by solar cells placed on the tape, as it was specified concerning the transparent protrusions 16 of fig. 1.
- a mode is shown which warns the vehicle driver as to the presence of ice. It utilizes a Negative Temperature Control - NTC 46, consisting of sensor 48 and of calibration device 50; the EPROM 51 consists of an integrator 47, memory 49, and amplifier 53; the transmitter 52 has a dipole-antenna 54.
- these devices When the temperature falls below a pre-set limit, these devices transmit a recorded message.
- fig. 6 there is shown how a traffic jam may be signaled, and how indicators may be activated in order to discharge the traffic jam.
- Tape 56 is a conventional marking tape, and tape 62 is an emergency tape.
- tape 56 there are shown the transparent protrusions 60, in which LEDs, solar cells, storage batteries are placed, as within those transparent protrusions 16 of fig. 1.
- compressible portions 61 in which a microswitch is placed. Concerning such compressible tape, see applicant's European Patent No. 0100524 and US Patent No. 4,685,824.
- a vehicle driver who takes the initiative, or a traffic policeman activates the microswitch by placing his car on the compressible portion 61. This activates an alarm system like the one which has been aforedescribed for signalling the presence of ice.
- a message "traffic jam" is transmitted, on the other hand the tape 62 is activated; on said tape 62 there are provided transversal pulsing lights 66, of red color, and longitudinally aligned pulsing lights 64, of green color.
- Lights 64 guide the traffic towards a direction which is opposite to the normal direction, towards an exit. The pulsing of the lights 64 may be very rapid.
- the traffic in the opposite direction may take place on the overtaking lane or on the mergency lane, as possible in the particular situation.
- a further entry of vehicles in the concerned portion of the highway must be prevented, and to this purpose at the beginning of said traffic jam portion a red light (not illustrated) will be lighted.
- a couple or more couples of sensors are placed at the beginning of the concerned traffic jam portion, so that if a car enters in the forbidden direction, notwithstanding the red traffic light, its plate will be identified by a camera.
- Tje circuits which are required in order to concretize what described above pertain to a known technique.
- the traffic jam road-marking tape can also be useful for guiding traffic in the direction of the city center, or in other directions.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The continuous horizontal road-marking tape technology is reaching by the present application a further important improvement. Applicant, starting almost twenty years ago, has developed layered road-marking tapes, and later on the use of electric energy and of electromagnetic energy in the technique of the road-marking has been developed.
- In this last specific field following patents may be cited:
No. 641.585 in Switzerland
No. 491.399 in Spain
No. 80-10745 in France
No. 539,631 in Australia
No. 233,797 in Argentina
No. 883,208 in Belgium
No. 1,149,491 in Canada
No. 1,050,769 in the UK
No. 80 03002 in Brazil
No. 80 03558-7 in Sweden - As a matter of fact, the denomination "Road marking tape" is today very vague, because the informations supplied by the tape include not only optical irradiations, but also electromagnetic irradiations, that one has to suitably transform.
- As we are referring to horizontal road-marking tapes, of course the road-marking effect is the more important function and, consequently, the tape has to include retroreflective elements, light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, storage batteries, and the tape has to be in position to exploit only that solar energy which is incident on the tape.
- On the other hand, we have not yet reached a high level safety if we dont exploit the contribution of electromagnetic energy, transmitted by the low layers of the tape.
- The following are specific examples where the contribution of the electromagnetic energy is nearly vital:
- 1) Dangerous locations: One cannot be always aware of a dangerous location in the road which requires a reduction in vehicle speed. In such case, the warning impulse has to come from the tape, e.g. from a gigaherz reflector dipped in a layer of adhesive, and positioned upon the low layers of the tape.
Said warning impulse originates the activation of a comparator placed on the vehicle and, consequently, the activation of an optical or an acoustical indicator within the vehicle. - 2) Presence of ice: This hazard is very important, since the presence of ice cannot be seen. A negative temperature control (NTC) acti vates an EPROM (erasable program read only memory) chip and, consequently, a megaherz transmitter, which is positioned, together with its antenna, upon the low layers of the tape. A message for reduction of speed is then emitted.
- 3) Traffic jam: This hazard is becoming more and more frequent today, with drivers sometimes loosing their tempers. In this case, as it will be explained in detail later on, the drivers intervene as the vehicle presses an emergency microswitch placed under the tape. The EPROM, the megaherz transmitter and its antenna are consequently activated, but at the same time a one-directional light emitting tape is activated for discharging the jam.
- From the above examples it appears consequently obvious that both types of irradiations are useful and necessary, i.e., optical and electromagnetic irradiation.
- Before describing the electromagnetic irradiation, let us detail the structure of the tape which has assured the best results.
-
- Fig. 1 is an exploded, fragmentary schematic view showing in side elevation and top plan the several layers of a tape constructed according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary top plan of a
third tape layer 6 which includes various groups of equidistantmetallic stripes 26 adhering to the tape. - Fig. 3 is a fragmentary top plan of
tape shielding layer 10. - Fig. 4 is a schematic, showing a suggested gigaherz transmitter and receiver.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic of a mode utilizing a negative temperature control (NTC)
device 46 for warning the vehicle driver as to the presence of ice on the roadway. - Fig. 6 is a fragmentary top plan showing the employement of
parallel signalling tapes - Reference is made to fig. 1, with the remark that not all the layers shown have to be necessarily present in the tape. A cross-section and a plane view of every layer are shown.
- The
upper layer 2 is a wear resistant film made of polyurethane resin, which is since more years securing the best results.Upper layer 2 is pigmented in order to ensure the best visibility by day; retroreflectingcomponents 14 are applied upon it, and at 16 there is represented one of the transparent protrusions, in which there are placed light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, storage batteries and the like. - The following
intermediate layer 4 consists of a non-woven fabric, strongly impregnated with a polyurethane prepolymer, which provides the mechanical properties of the tape. - The
third layer 6 includes antennas andreflectors 18, which are dipped in adhesive, schematically shown in fig. 1, and which will be described in detail later on. - The fourth layer 8 consists of the circuits connecting the electric and the electromagnetic components, which circuits are concretized by
conductive stripes 20, dipped in adhesive. - The
fifth layer 10 is the EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding layer, which has the function of protecting the electromagnetic elements from disturbing interferences coming from the ground.Layer 10 consists of a dispersion of conductive particles, or of a metallization, schematically shown at 22. Good results have been obtained by using high percentage nickel dispersions in acrilic prepolymer, like the nickel dispersions manufactured by the firm Metalgalvano Sozzi of Rovello Porro (Italy) or the acrilic coating 3M110 manufactured by Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. - Since the aforedescribed tape has a certain cost, even if not very high, we need to have the possibility of removing the tape to another locality. To this purpose, the
sixth layer 12 is consisting of a strong, extensible webb, strongly impregnated by an adhesive, which has a good adhesion to the road surface, but at the same time allows removal of the tape without damaging it, said layer being illustrated in plane view by 24. - Returning to the functions of the tape,
gigaherz reflector 6, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which reflects back electromagnetic energy irradiated by the vehicle, and is located on the low layers of the tape, is fundamental for the control of the speed of the vehicle. Gigaherzreflector 6 is concretized by multipleconductive stripes 26 dipped in adhesive, illustrated in Fig. 2, which stripes are positioned at an angular direction - usually 15° - related to the direction of vehicle traffic. This angular feature assures good reception of the reflected waves at the side of the tape, within a sufficiently wide lateral lane. - As shown in fig. 2,
reflector 6 consists of several groups of equidistantmetallic stripes 26, adhering to the tape, for example metal foils of 1 mm width, every group being marked by a different distance between the stripes: e.g, in fig. 2 there are shown two groups, 28 and 30, wherein the metal foils have a different spaced apart distance. - Gigaherz
reflector 6 shows a diffuse reflection behaviour in elevation, and since the position of the vehicle on the road may vary within a certain space of several meters perpendicularly to the direction of the traffic, the reflection maxima should be as close as possible within the reflection diagram. - Good results have been obtained by choosing, for a space of 0-4 meters, four groups of stripes, with a first group having a spaced apart distance of 2 cm between each stripe, of 1,8 cm spaced apart in a second group, of 1,6 cm spaced apart in a third group, and of 1,4 cm spaced apart in a fourth group. More than five
stripes 26 have been used in every group, with the length of eachstripe 26 being at least 50 cm, but usually much more. - In fig. 3 there is shown the
shielding layer 10, concretized as described, and which shielding is somewhat wider than the group of the reflectors, in order to obtain the best possible shielding effect. - In fig. 4 there are schematically shown the techiques for transmission and reception. These occur at a frequency in the field of the gigaherz, advantegeously, for example, at 24 GHz.
-
Transmitter 32 on the vehicle consists of a frequency stability oscillator, which is connected by means of acoupling 34 to ahorn antenna 33, which has an angle of 45 with respect of the road surface, and irradiates towards thereflector 36, which here is only schematically shown. - The energy returning from
reflector 36 is received by anotherhorn antenna 35, also placed on the vehicle, and is conducted to mixer 38, from which a frequency fD comes out, which is the difference between the frequency emitted byantenna 33 and the one received byantenna 35. In fact, as thereflector 36 is swept at a certain speed, the transmission and reception frequencies will not be the same, because of the Doppler effect. - The signal, from
mixer 38 is conducted to a high-pass filter and 80dB amplifier 40, then to low-pass filter 42, and finally to a comparator and pulse former 44. - There are now two methods for activating the indicator on the vehicle.
- The first method is based on the impulses originating from the
metal stripes 26, upon sweeping of the transmitted waves on the tape, the waves frequency, and only refers to vehicl- speed. The impulses build an impulse train, such that the threshold of thecomparator 44 is overpassed and an indicator is activated. The second method is more sure.Comparator 44 of fig. 4 includes a generator of a tuning note, fitted for a selected speed, which provides impulses of a certain form and frequency. When the refleczed waves and the impulses provided for a selected speed are overlapping, an indicator on the vehicle is activated. This described technology is very well known. - The control of vehicle speed in dangerous locations is very important, and one can predict a kind of a "black box" for these dangerous locations in order to compel the vehicles drivers to reduce speed.
- As mentioned in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the composite road marking tape which is the object of the present invention includes a small radiotransmitter 52 (fig. 5) operating at a frequency in the megahertz field, and which irradiates messages recorded in EPROM. Said
transmitter 52, which has a very low consumption of energy, for example 8 mW, is fed by small storage batteries which in their turn are fed by solar cells placed on the tape, as it was specified concerning thetransparent protrusions 16 of fig. 1. - The messages recorded in EPROM and transmitted under the action of suitable controls, may be of different kind, and two of them, of particular importance, are here described.
- In fig. 5 a mode is shown which warns the vehicle driver as to the presence of ice. It utilizes a Negative Temperature Control -
NTC 46, consisting ofsensor 48 and ofcalibration device 50; the EPROM 51 consists of anintegrator 47,memory 49, andamplifier 53; thetransmitter 52 has a dipole-antenna 54. - When the temperature falls below a pre-set limit, these devices transmit a recorded message.
- Another very important hazard is the traffic jam. In fig. 6 there is shown how a traffic jam may be signaled, and how indicators may be activated in order to discharge the traffic jam.
- There are illustrated two signaling
tapes -
Tape 56 is a conventional marking tape, andtape 62 is an emergency tape. Ontape 56 there are shown thetransparent protrusions 60, in which LEDs, solar cells, storage batteries are placed, as within thosetransparent protrusions 16 of fig. 1. There are provided also, at predetermined locations, compressible portions 61, in which a microswitch is placed. Concerning such compressible tape, see applicant's European Patent No. 0100524 and US Patent No. 4,685,824. - In case of a traffic jam, a vehicle driver who takes the initiative, or a traffic policeman, activates the microswitch by placing his car on the compressible portion 61. This activates an alarm system like the one which has been aforedescribed for signalling the presence of ice. On the one hand, a message "traffic jam" is transmitted, on the other hand the
tape 62 is activated; on saidtape 62 there are provided transversal pulsing lights 66, of red color, and longitudinally aligned pulsinglights 64, of green color.Lights 64 guide the traffic towards a direction which is opposite to the normal direction, towards an exit. The pulsing of thelights 64 may be very rapid. - The traffic in the opposite direction may take place on the overtaking lane or on the mergency lane, as possible in the particular situation.
- At the same time, a further entry of vehicles in the concerned portion of the highway must be prevented, and to this purpose at the beginning of said traffic jam portion a red light (not illustrated) will be lighted. Furthermore, a couple or more couples of sensors are placed at the beginning of the concerned traffic jam portion, so that if a car enters in the forbidden direction, notwithstanding the red traffic light, its plate will be identified by a camera.
- Tje circuits which are required in order to concretize what described above pertain to a known technique.
- Many other hazards may be taken into consideration, for which: ana logous information systems may be employed: for example, the hazard of fog.
- The traffic jam road-marking tape can also be useful for guiding traffic in the direction of the city center, or in other directions.
Claims (8)
I. retroreflective components
II. solar cells
III. storage batteries
IV. light emitting diodes (LEDs), and
V. transmitting units exploiting only the solar energy incident on the tape itself,
the roadmarking function of the tape being based upon the optical irradiations originating from the upper face layer of the tape; and
I. a gigaherz reflector supported at a distance from a megaherz antenna activated by a megaherz transmitter positioned on the tape;
II. a circuit layer with conductive net stripes dipped in adhesive;
III. an EMI shielding layer with extensible textile web, so as to allow removal of said tape from the road surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2689/87 | 1987-07-14 | ||
CH268987A CH671253A5 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1987-07-14 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0299386A2 true EP0299386A2 (en) | 1989-01-18 |
EP0299386A3 EP0299386A3 (en) | 1989-08-02 |
EP0299386B1 EP0299386B1 (en) | 1994-10-26 |
Family
ID=4239363
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880110959 Expired - Lifetime EP0299386B1 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1988-07-08 | Prefabricated continuous road marking tape having optical and electromagnetic function |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0299386B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0792880B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1288497C (en) |
CH (1) | CH671253A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3851920T2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5621571A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1997-04-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Integrated retroreflective electronic display |
EP0853303A1 (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 1998-07-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle control method and system for use in automatic driving system |
US7077600B1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2006-07-18 | Whinery Christopher S | Multiple sensory road marking tape |
WO2020017974A1 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Veluvine B.V. | Road markings comprising functional components |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004045585A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-04-06 | Vehico Gmbh | Driving dynamics device for yielding measured values to determine driving dynamics capacities for motor vehicles has devices to scan a marker signal and to evaluate scanned values captured |
CN107784844B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-05-14 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Intelligent traffic signal lamp system and road environment detection method thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2050769A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-01-07 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Road traffic signalling arrangement |
EP0100524A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-02-15 | Ludwig Dr. Eigenmann | Horizontal road marking material and method and apparatus for laying down said road marking material on the road surface |
DE3307123A1 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-06 | Telefunken electronic GmbH, 6000 Frankfurt | Autonomous locating system for land vehicles |
DE3509965A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-25 | ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang | Method for adjusting traffic program receivers |
-
1987
- 1987-07-14 CH CH268987A patent/CH671253A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-07-07 CA CA000571467A patent/CA1288497C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-08 EP EP19880110959 patent/EP0299386B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-08 DE DE19883851920 patent/DE3851920T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-13 JP JP63172822A patent/JPH0792880B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2050769A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-01-07 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Road traffic signalling arrangement |
EP0100524A1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-02-15 | Ludwig Dr. Eigenmann | Horizontal road marking material and method and apparatus for laying down said road marking material on the road surface |
DE3307123A1 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-06 | Telefunken electronic GmbH, 6000 Frankfurt | Autonomous locating system for land vehicles |
DE3509965A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-25 | ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang | Method for adjusting traffic program receivers |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5621571A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1997-04-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Integrated retroreflective electronic display |
EP0853303A1 (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 1998-07-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle control method and system for use in automatic driving system |
US6122573A (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 2000-09-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle control method and system for use in automatic driving system |
US7077600B1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2006-07-18 | Whinery Christopher S | Multiple sensory road marking tape |
WO2020017974A1 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Veluvine B.V. | Road markings comprising functional components |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3851920D1 (en) | 1994-12-01 |
CA1288497C (en) | 1991-09-03 |
JPS6429999A (en) | 1989-01-31 |
EP0299386A3 (en) | 1989-08-02 |
CH671253A5 (en) | 1989-08-15 |
EP0299386B1 (en) | 1994-10-26 |
DE3851920T2 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
JPH0792880B2 (en) | 1995-10-09 |
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