EP0299356B1 - System for changing the position of the mast on a sailing vessel - Google Patents

System for changing the position of the mast on a sailing vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299356B1
EP0299356B1 EP88110852A EP88110852A EP0299356B1 EP 0299356 B1 EP0299356 B1 EP 0299356B1 EP 88110852 A EP88110852 A EP 88110852A EP 88110852 A EP88110852 A EP 88110852A EP 0299356 B1 EP0299356 B1 EP 0299356B1
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Prior art keywords
mast
hull
counterweight
construction system
foot
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EP88110852A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0299356A1 (en
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Erich Dr. Haigis
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Haigis Erich Dr
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Haigis Erich Dr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B15/02—Staying of masts or of other superstructures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/005—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull
    • B63B2015/0066—Inclinable masts with passive righting means, e.g. counterbalancing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction system with which the mast of sailing ships can be changed in its position in relation to the boat hull in accordance with the wind strength.
  • the mast foot rests in a joint, which allows the mast to be tilted to both sides as well as to the front and back.
  • the position of the mast is influenced by a weight that can be moved laterally and forwards and backwards in the boat hull.
  • the mast In conventional ships, the mast, or - in the case of multi-masted ships - the masts are connected to the ship's hull in a ready-to-sail condition at a fixed angle.
  • the mast is always held in the same, upright position over shrouds and stays in relation to the hull. If the mast tilts under the wind pressure, the ship will lean to the same extent.
  • Component A which is directed towards the front, causes the ship to travel forwards and, on the other hand, a torque by which the bow of the ship is loaded and the stern is relieved.
  • the lateral force B which becomes significant in the upwind course, causes the ship to drift on the one hand and a torque about the tipping axis (s) of the hull on the other. As a result of this torque, the ship is heeling.
  • component A When the boat hull is slanted or the mast is slanted to the side, component A creates a torque around the vertical, central axis of the hull. This torque turns the ship "into the wind". With the mast at an angle, tilted towards Lee, the vertical component C points downwards. On the one hand, it loads the hull and, on the other hand, creates a torque that adds to the torque from component B and increases the heeling of the ship.
  • US Pat. No. 3,985,106 describes a stabilization system for sailing ships, which consists in that the mast is rotatably mounted laterally and carries a counterweight. In the further the mast is attached to weights that can be pulled up laterally in the boat hull.
  • the pivot point of the mast is a simple joint, which allows only a lateral rotation, but not a forward or backward inclination of the mast.
  • the mast is extended beyond the pivot point down into the hull as a continuous straight rod; the fulcrum is not the mast end. The free rotation of the mast is prevented by the cables with which the counterweight on the mast is connected to the lift weights in the fuselage, and torques are transmitted to the fuselage.
  • Patent 0824014 (not state of the art according to Art. 54 (2) EPC) describes a construction system for the inclination of the mast of sailing ships towards windward.
  • An essential feature of this patent is a pendulum weight (dolphin), which lies outside the hull under the ship or laterally in the water and over which the mast is held.
  • the present invention consists in decoupling the rigid connection between the mast and the hull to avoid the transmission of torques which are generated by the forces A, B & C to the hull.
  • this decoupling takes place, on the one hand, by mounting the mast foot F in a movable joint (ball joint, universal joint) and, on the other hand, by opposing the described torques with one or more appropriately heavy weights which are suitably positioned in the boat hull; so that the torque around the mast foot joint becomes zero.
  • the weights housed in the boat hull must be connected to the mast foot in such a way that they only influence the torques of the mast and do not transmit any disadvantageous torques to the hull.
  • Such a weight only transmits no torque to the hull if it is exclusively attached to the mast or mast foot F (pivot point) (Fig. 1).
  • the weight can be suspended from the mast by means of ropes or by means of cables that are adjustable in length.
  • Such a weight can also be suspended from the mast or at the base of the mast via a stable pendulum arm that can withstand tensile and pressure loads (Fig. 1).
  • a Such weight can also be attached to a ring system that rotates freely around the pivot point D (Fig. 3).
  • a single counterweight or an entire system with several counterweights in corresponding positions can be used to compensate for the torques resulting from forces A, B and C (Fig. 1).
  • the sum of all weights and their lever arms in relation to the mast base pivot point F must lead to the cancellation of the torques around this pivot point F.
  • the compensation of the torques can be limited to the torque resulting from the forces B and C, that is to say to the compensation of the rotation about the ship's longitudinal axis.
  • the weight or weights can always be raised to different heights with respect to the pivot point F or D and swung out to the side to different degrees.
  • the pendulum arm, or the pendulum arms, which serve on the one hand to carry the weights, but whose function primarily flies out and keeps the weight at a distance from the fulcrum, can be designed so that their length is adjustable. This means that this adjustable length of the pendulum arm allows the weight to be guided on a path that does not correspond to a circular path with center F.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the torques acting on the mast are canceled. This enables the mast to be placed in the position under which the wind power can be used to the maximum. Depending on the wind strength, the mast can be placed vertically, upwind and / or backwards. If the mast is inclined upward, the vertical force C no longer points downwards as in Fig. 1, but upwards and leads to relief of the sailing ship.
  • the described system of a mast that does not transmit any torque to the hull can also be used for ships with several masts.
  • Each mast can be individually changed in its position, or the different masts can be adjusted in a coordinated manner depending on each other and brought into an optimal mutual position.
  • the optimal mast position for maximum utilization of wind power can be recognized and determined on the basis of human judgment or using technical equipment.
  • Data can also be collected via measuring devices and sensors for measuring the wind force and the force M acting on the mast, as well as angle measuring devices, which can be used via electronic data processing to control the pendulum weight (or the various pendulum weights) and thus to determine the mast position.
  • the position of the pendulum weight or the pendulum weights can be changed via rope systems and winches by man power or with the help of motors.
  • the positioning of the pendulum weight and the adjustment of the length of the pendulum arm can also be done via hydraulic systems.
  • the mast in the present invention is not extended downward beyond the pivot point in order to bear a counterweight directly connected to it in the ship's hull.
  • a counterweight directly connected to it in the ship's hull.
  • the counterweight or the counterweights in the system described here, are not brought into contact with the hull, so that no torques are transmitted to the hull.
  • the mast and the counterweight form a unit which transmits the transmission of all forces acting on the mast to the pivot point F or D without torque.
  • the counterweight (or the counterweights) are arranged for positioning the mast inside the ship's hull. This has the advantage that there is no driving resistance caused by a counterweight in the water (dolphin). Another advantage is that the counterweight in the hull weighs more buoyancy than the same weight outside the boat under water.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the hull of a sailing ship.
  • the mast can be swiveled freely around the mast base (F).
  • the mast foot F is designed as a ball joint or universal joint.
  • the mast foot F is the lower end of the mast.
  • a pendulum arm is attached, which is also freely pivotable on all sides.
  • a weight G is attached to the lower end of this pendulum arm.
  • the weight G can consequently swing out freely on all sides, that is to say laterally as well as forwards and backwards.
  • the weight G does not touch the hull on its pendulum motion (G ').
  • two pendulums can also be fastened at point F, the one pendulum only being deflected laterally and the second pendulum being able to be deflected in the axial direction (forward - backward).
  • the two ends of a wire rope are attached to the pendulum weight G, which establishes the fixed connection of G with the mast via several rollers.
  • the distance from G via L to F can be shortened or extended.
  • the distance from G via R to F increases or decreases accordingly.
  • the length of the polyline remains the same.
  • the deflection from G to G ' is carried out by a cable winch in point F.
  • the force M acting on the mast must be compensated for by a suitable choice of the weight G and by an appropriate deflection of the weight (force P).
  • the torque applied to the mast is canceled by P.
  • Only the forces acting on point F are transferred to the hull.
  • the hull is stabilized by the keel K.
  • the system described can be used for each mast individually or in mutual coordination.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through a ship's hull.
  • the pivot point D is "caught" by a double ring system.
  • the pivot point D is both the pivot point for the mast and the pivot point for the pendulum weight G.
  • the double ring system consists of two rings, both of which are freely rotatable relative to the boat hull and which can also be freely rotated concentrically with respect to one another.
  • the mast is attached to one of the two rings and the pendulum weight G to the other. By mutually adjusting the rings against each other, the position of the weight G relative to the mast can be changed and fixed as required.
  • the hull is stabilized by the keel K.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of the force components acting on the mast in sailing ships of conventional design when they are heeling.
  • Figure 2 Cross section through a sailing ship according to embodiment 1.
  • Figure 3 Cross section through a sailing ship according to embodiment 2.

Abstract

Construction system with which the mast of sailing vessels can be changed in its position relative to the hull in accordance with the wind strength. The foot of the mast rests in a joint which permits the inclination of the mast both to either side and towards the stem and stern. The position of the mast is influenced via a weight displaceable laterally and forwards and backwards in the hull. The advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the torques acting on the mast are compensated for by pendulum weights and are not transmitted to the hull. Due to the pendulum weight, the mast can be set in any position in which the wind force can be utilised to the maximum. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Konstruktions-System, mit welchem der Mast von Segelschiffen in seiner Stellung gegenüber dem Bootsrumpf, der Windstärke entsprechend, verändert werden kann. Der Mastfuss ruht in einem Gelenk, welches die Neigung des Masts sowohl nach beiden Seiten als auch nach vorn und nach hinten erlaubt. Die Stellung des Masts wird über ein im Bootsrumpf seitlich als auch vor- und rückwärts verschiebbares Gewicht beeinflusst.The present invention relates to a construction system with which the mast of sailing ships can be changed in its position in relation to the boat hull in accordance with the wind strength. The mast foot rests in a joint, which allows the mast to be tilted to both sides as well as to the front and back. The position of the mast is influenced by a weight that can be moved laterally and forwards and backwards in the boat hull.

Bei herkömmlichen Schiffen ist der Mast, bzw. -im Falle von mehrmastigen Schiffen-, sind die Maste mit dem Schiffsrumpf in segelbereitem Zustand in einem fixen Winkel verbunden. Der Mast wird über Wanten und Stags gegenüber dem Schiffsrumpf in stets gleicher, aufrechter Position gehalten. Wenn sich der Mast unter dem Winddruck neigt, so krängt das Schiff in gleichem Masse.In conventional ships, the mast, or - in the case of multi-masted ships - the masts are connected to the ship's hull in a ready-to-sail condition at a fixed angle. The mast is always held in the same, upright position over shrouds and stays in relation to the hull. If the mast tilts under the wind pressure, the ship will lean to the same extent.

Durch diese starre Verbindung von Schiffsmast und Schiffsrumpf werden die über die Segel am Mast angreifenden Kräfte, bzw. wird die aus diesen Kräften resultierende Kraft M direkt auf den Schiffsrumpf übertragen. Diese, am Mast etwa auf einem Drittel bis halber Höhe angreifende, resultierende Kraft M kann in drei Komponenten zerlegt werden. In eine horizontal nach vorn, parallel zur Rumpflängsachse weisende Komponente A; eine horizontal laterale Komponente B und eine vertikale Komponente C (Siehe Abb. 1).Due to this rigid connection of the ship's mast and hull, the forces acting on the mast via the sails, or the force M resulting from these forces, becomes transferred directly to the hull. This resulting force M, which acts on the mast at about a third to half the height, can be broken down into three components. In a horizontally forward, parallel to the fuselage longitudinal component A; a horizontal lateral component B and a vertical component C (see Fig. 1).

Die nach vorn gerichtete Komponente A bewirkt einerseits die Vorwärtsfahrt des Schiffs und andererseits ein Drehmoment, durch welches der Bug des Schiffes belastet und das Heck entlastet wird. Die beim Amwindkurs bedeutend werdende laterale Kraft B bewirkt einerseits ein Abdriften des Schiffes und andererseits ein Drehmoment um die Kippachse(n) des Rumpfs. Als Folge dieses Drehmoments krängt das Schiff.Component A, which is directed towards the front, causes the ship to travel forwards and, on the other hand, a torque by which the bow of the ship is loaded and the stern is relieved. The lateral force B, which becomes significant in the upwind course, causes the ship to drift on the one hand and a torque about the tipping axis (s) of the hull on the other. As a result of this torque, the ship is heeling.

Bei gekrängtem Bootsrumpf, bzw. seitlich schräg stehendem Mast bewirkt die Komponente A ein Drehmoment um die vertikale, zentrale Achse des Rumpfs. Dieses Drehmoment dreht das Schiff "in den Wind". Bei schräg stehendem, nach Lee geneigtem Mast zeigt die vertikale Komponente C nach unten. Sie belastet einerseits den Bootsrumpf und bewirkt andererseits ein Drehmoment, welches sich zum Drehmoment aus der Komponente B addiert und das Krängen des Schiffes noch verstärkt.When the boat hull is slanted or the mast is slanted to the side, component A creates a torque around the vertical, central axis of the hull. This torque turns the ship "into the wind". With the mast at an angle, tilted towards Lee, the vertical component C points downwards. On the one hand, it loads the hull and, on the other hand, creates a torque that adds to the torque from component B and increases the heeling of the ship.

Es existieren frühere Bestrebungen, dem Drehmoment und somit der Krängung des Bootsrumpfes entgegenzuwirken:There have been previous efforts to counteract the torque and thus the heeling of the boat hull:

US-Patent 3'985'106 beschreibt ein Stabilisierungssystem für Segelschiffe, welches darin besteht, dass der Mast seitlich drehbar gelagert ist und ein Gegengewicht trägt. Im weiteren ist der Mast an Gewichten, die im Bootsrumpf seitlich hochgezogen werden können, befestigt. Bei diesem System ist der Drehpunkt des Masts ein einfaches Gelenk, welches nur eine seitliche Rotation, nicht aber eine Vorwärts- oder Rückwärts-Neigung des Masts erlaubt. Bei diesem System wird der Mast über den Drehpunkt hinaus nach unten in den Schiffsrumpf als durchlaufende gerade Stange weitergeführt; der Drehpunkt ist nicht das Mastende. Ueber die Seilzüge, mit welchen das Gegengewicht am Mast mit den Aufziehgewichten im Rumpf verbunden ist, wird die freie Rotation des Masts verhindert, und werden Drehmomente auf den Rumpf übertragen.US Pat. No. 3,985,106 describes a stabilization system for sailing ships, which consists in that the mast is rotatably mounted laterally and carries a counterweight. In the further the mast is attached to weights that can be pulled up laterally in the boat hull. With this system, the pivot point of the mast is a simple joint, which allows only a lateral rotation, but not a forward or backward inclination of the mast. With this system, the mast is extended beyond the pivot point down into the hull as a continuous straight rod; the fulcrum is not the mast end. The free rotation of the mast is prevented by the cables with which the counterweight on the mast is connected to the lift weights in the fuselage, and torques are transmitted to the fuselage.

Eur. Patent 0824014 (nicht Stand der Technik gemäß Art. 54(2) EPÜ) beschreibt ein Konstruktions-System zur Neigung des Masts von Segelschiffen nach Luv. Als wesentliches Merkmal dieses Patentes ist ein Pendelgewicht (Delphin) zu nennen, welches ausserhalb des Schiffsrumpfes unter dem Schiff oder seitlich im Wasser liegt und über welches der Mast gehalten wird.Eur. Patent 0824014 (not state of the art according to Art. 54 (2) EPC) describes a construction system for the inclination of the mast of sailing ships towards windward. An essential feature of this patent is a pendulum weight (dolphin), which lies outside the hull under the ship or laterally in the water and over which the mast is held.

Daraus stellt sich die folgende Aufgabe:

  • 1. Es ist ein Konstruktions-System zu entwickeln, durch welches der Mast mit dem Bootsrumpf so verbunden werden kann, dass keine oder nur geringe Drehmomente vom Mast auf den Bootsrumpf übertragen werden.
  • 2. Mit diesem Konstruktions-System soll der Mast während des Segelns mit Bezug zum Bootsrumpf in jede beliebige Richtung gerichtet und in jede beliebige Neigung geneigt und in jeder gewünschten Stellung gehalten werden können. Insbesondere soll der Mast nach Luv und nach achtern geneigt werden können.
  • 3. Dieses Konstruktions-System soll im Innern des Bootsrumpfes angeordnet sein.
This leads to the following task:
  • 1. A construction system is to be developed by means of which the mast can be connected to the boat hull in such a way that little or no torque is transmitted from the mast to the boat hull.
  • 2. With this construction system, the mast should be able to be directed in any direction with respect to the boat hull and be inclined in any inclination and held in any desired position during sailing. In particular, the mast should be able to be inclined upwind and aft.
  • 3. This construction system should be arranged inside the hull.

Die vorliegende Aufgabe wird durch die in Anspruch 1 genannte Erfindung gelöst. Zweckmässige Ausführungen sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 - 9 beschrieben.The present object is achieved by the invention mentioned in claim 1. Appropriate designs are described in subclaims 2-9.

Darlegung der ErfindungStatement of the invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung besteht darin, durch Entkoppelung der starren Verbindung zwischen Mast und Schiffsrumpf die Uebertragung von Drehmomenten, die durch die Kräfte A, B & C erzeugt werden, auf den Bootsrumpf zu vermeiden. Gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung erfolgt diese Entkoppelung, indem einerseits der Mastfuss F in einem beweglichen Gelenk (Kugelgelenk, Kreuzgelenk) gelagert ist und andererseits, indem den beschriebenen Drehmomenten durch ein oder mehrere entsprechend schwere und im Bootsrumpf geeignet positionierte Gewichte die entgegengesetzten Drehmomente entgegengestellt werden; so, dass das Drehmoment um das Mastfussgelenk Null wird. Die im Bootsrumpf untergebrachten Gewichte müssen mit dem Mastfuss so verbunden sein, dass sie möglichst nur die Drehmomente des Masts beeinflussen und keine nachteiligen Drehmomente auf den Rumpf übertragen.The present invention consists in decoupling the rigid connection between the mast and the hull to avoid the transmission of torques which are generated by the forces A, B & C to the hull. According to the present invention, this decoupling takes place, on the one hand, by mounting the mast foot F in a movable joint (ball joint, universal joint) and, on the other hand, by opposing the described torques with one or more appropriately heavy weights which are suitably positioned in the boat hull; so that the torque around the mast foot joint becomes zero. The weights housed in the boat hull must be connected to the mast foot in such a way that they only influence the torques of the mast and do not transmit any disadvantageous torques to the hull.

Ein solches Gewicht überträgt nur dann kein Drehmoment auf den Bootsrumpf, wenn es ausschliesslich am Mast oder am Mastfuss F (Drehpunkt) befestigt ist (Abb. 1). Das Gewicht kann dabei am Mast über Seile oder über in ihrer Länge verstellbare Seilzüge aufgehängt sein. Ein solches Gewicht kann auch am Mast oder beim Mastfuss über einen stabilen, auf Zug und Druck belastbaren Pendelarm aufgehängt sein (Abb. 1). Ein solches Gewicht kann auch an einem Ringsystem, welches um den Drehpunkt D (Abb. 3) frei rotiert, befestigt sein. Zur Kompensierung der aus den Kräften A, B und C (Abb. 1) resultierenden Drehmomenten kann ein einzelnes Gegengewicht oder ein ganzes System mit mehreren Gegengewichten in entsprechenden Positionen dienen. Die Summe aller Gewichte und deren Hebelarme mit Bezug zum Mastfussdrehpunkt F muss zur Aufhebung der Drehmomente um diesen Drehpunkt F führen.Such a weight only transmits no torque to the hull if it is exclusively attached to the mast or mast foot F (pivot point) (Fig. 1). The weight can be suspended from the mast by means of ropes or by means of cables that are adjustable in length. Such a weight can also be suspended from the mast or at the base of the mast via a stable pendulum arm that can withstand tensile and pressure loads (Fig. 1). A Such weight can also be attached to a ring system that rotates freely around the pivot point D (Fig. 3). A single counterweight or an entire system with several counterweights in corresponding positions can be used to compensate for the torques resulting from forces A, B and C (Fig. 1). The sum of all weights and their lever arms in relation to the mast base pivot point F must lead to the cancellation of the torques around this pivot point F.

Die Kompensierung der Drehmomente kann sich im vereinfachten Fall auf das aus den Kräften B und C resultierende Drehmoment, das heisst, auf die Kompensierung der Rotation um die Schiffslängsachse, beschränken.In the simplified case, the compensation of the torques can be limited to the torque resulting from the forces B and C, that is to say to the compensation of the rotation about the ship's longitudinal axis.

Das Gewicht, bzw. die Gewichte können mit Bezug auf den Drehpunkt F oder D grundsätzlich auf verschiedene Höhen hochgezogen und seitlich verschieden weit ausgeschwenkt werden. Der Pendelarm, bzw. die Pendelarme, die einerseits zur Tragung der Gewichte dienen, deren Funktion aber vor allem in der Ausschwenkung und Distanzhaltung des Gewichts zum Drehpunkt Fliegt, können so ausgeführt sein, dass sie in ihrer Länge verstellbar sind. Das heisst, durch diese verstellbare Länge des Pendelarms kann das Gewicht auf einer Bahn geführt werden, die nicht einer Kreisbahn mit Zentrum F entspricht.The weight or weights can always be raised to different heights with respect to the pivot point F or D and swung out to the side to different degrees. The pendulum arm, or the pendulum arms, which serve on the one hand to carry the weights, but whose function primarily flies out and keeps the weight at a distance from the fulcrum, can be designed so that their length is adjustable. This means that this adjustable length of the pendulum arm allows the weight to be guided on a path that does not correspond to a circular path with center F.

Der Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt darin, dass die auf den Mast einwirkenden Drehmomente aufgehoben werden. Dadurch ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, den Mast in jene Position zu stellen, unter welcher die Windkraft maximal ausgenützt werden kann. Je nach Windstärke kann der Mast senkrecht gestellt, nach Luv und/oder nach hinten gelegt werden. Wenn der Mast nach Luv geneigt ist, so weist die vertikale Kraft C nicht mehr wie in Abb. 1 nach unten, sondern nach oben und führt zur Entlastung des Segelschiffes.The advantage of the present invention is that the torques acting on the mast are canceled. This enables the mast to be placed in the position under which the wind power can be used to the maximum. Depending on the wind strength, the mast can be placed vertically, upwind and / or backwards. If the mast is inclined upward, the vertical force C no longer points downwards as in Fig. 1, but upwards and leads to relief of the sailing ship.

Das beschriebene System eines Masts, der keine Drehmomente auf den Schiffsrumpf überträgt, ist auch für Schiffe mit mehreren Masten anwendbar. Dabei kann jeder Mast individuell in seiner Stellung verändert werden, oder die verschiedenen Maste können in Abhängigkeit voneinander koordiniert verstellt und in eine optimale gegenseitige Lage gebracht werden.The described system of a mast that does not transmit any torque to the hull can also be used for ships with several masts. Each mast can be individually changed in its position, or the different masts can be adjusted in a coordinated manner depending on each other and brought into an optimal mutual position.

Das Erkennen und Festlegen der optimalen Maststellung zur maximalen Ausnützung der Windkraft kann aufgrund menschlichen Urteilvermögens oder anhand von technischen Einrichtungen erfolgen. Ueber Messgeräte und Fühler zur Messung der Windkraft und der am Mast angreifenden Kraft M sowie Winkelmessgeräte können aber auch Daten gesammelt werden, die über eine elektronische Datenverarbeitung zur Steuerung des Pendelgewichts (bzw. der verschiedenen Pendelgewichte) und somit zur Festlegung der Maststellung ausgenützt werden können.The optimal mast position for maximum utilization of wind power can be recognized and determined on the basis of human judgment or using technical equipment. Data can also be collected via measuring devices and sensors for measuring the wind force and the force M acting on the mast, as well as angle measuring devices, which can be used via electronic data processing to control the pendulum weight (or the various pendulum weights) and thus to determine the mast position.

Die Veränderung der Lage des Pendelgewichts, bzw. der Pendelgewichte, kann über Seilsysteme und Seilwinden durch Manneskraft oder unter Zuhilfenahme von Motoren erfolgen. Die Positionierung des Pendelgewichts als auch die Verstellung der Länge des Pendelarms kann aber auch über hydraulische Systeme erfolgen.The position of the pendulum weight or the pendulum weights can be changed via rope systems and winches by man power or with the help of motors. The positioning of the pendulum weight and the adjustment of the length of the pendulum arm can also be done via hydraulic systems.

Beschreibung der neuen ErkenntnisseDescription of the new findings

Entgegen dem US-Patent Nr.3'985'106 wird in der vorliegenden Erfindung der Mast nicht über den Drehpunkt hinaus nach unten weitergeführt, um im Schiffsrumpf ein mit ihm direkt verbundenes Gegengewicht zu tragen. Beim hier vorliegenden System wird ausser dem Mastfussdrehpunkt (F bzw. D) jede feste Verbindung des Masts mit dem Bootsrumpf vermieden. Ebenso wird das Gegengewicht, oder werden die Gegengewichte beim hier beschriebenen System nicht mit, dem Bootsrumpf in Berührung gebracht, so dass keine Drehmomente auf den Schiffsrumpf übertragen werden. Der Mast und das Gegengewicht (bzw. die Gegengewichte) bilden eine Einheit, welche die Uebertragung aller auf den Mast einwirkenden Kräfte drehmomentfrei auf den Drehpunkt F oder D überträgt.Contrary to US Pat. No. 3,985,106, the mast in the present invention is not extended downward beyond the pivot point in order to bear a counterweight directly connected to it in the ship's hull. In this system, apart from the mast base pivot point (F or D), any firm connection of the mast to the boat hull is avoided. Likewise, the counterweight, or the counterweights in the system described here, are not brought into contact with the hull, so that no torques are transmitted to the hull. The mast and the counterweight (or the counterweights) form a unit which transmits the transmission of all forces acting on the mast to the pivot point F or D without torque.

Entgegen dem Europ. Patent Nr. 0824014 ist im hier vorliegenden System das Gegengewicht (bzw. sind die Gegengewichte) zur Positionierung des Masts im Innern des Schiffsrumpfs angeordnet. Daraus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass der durch ein Gegengewicht im Wasser (Delphin) entstehende Fahrtwiderstand entfällt. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass das Gegengewicht im Bootsrumpf um die Auftriebskraft schwerer wiegt, als dasselbe Gewicht ausserhalb des Bootes unter Wasser.Contrary to the Europ. Patent No. 0824014 in the present system, the counterweight (or the counterweights) are arranged for positioning the mast inside the ship's hull. This has the advantage that there is no driving resistance caused by a counterweight in the water (dolphin). Another advantage is that the counterweight in the hull weighs more buoyancy than the same weight outside the boat under water.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays of Carrying Out the Invention Beispiel 1example 1

Abbildung 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Rumpf eines Segelschiffs. Der Mast ist um den Mastfuss (F) nach allen Seiten frei schwenkbar. Der Mastfuss F ist als Kugelgelenk oder Kreuzgelenk ausgebildet. Der Mastfuss F ist das untere Ende des Masts. Figure 2 shows a cross section through the hull of a sailing ship. The mast can be swiveled freely around the mast base (F). The mast foot F is designed as a ball joint or universal joint. The mast foot F is the lower end of the mast.

Im Punkt F ist ein Pendelarm befestigt, der ebenfalls nach allen Seiten frei schwenkbar aufgehängt ist. Am unteren Ende dieses Pendelarms ist ein Gewicht G befestigt. Das Gewicht G kann folglich nach allen Seiten frei auspendeln, das heisst sowohl seitlich als auch vorwärts und rückwärts. Auf seiner Pendelbewegung (G') berührt das Gewicht G den Bootsrumpf nicht.At point F a pendulum arm is attached, which is also freely pivotable on all sides. A weight G is attached to the lower end of this pendulum arm. The weight G can consequently swing out freely on all sides, that is to say laterally as well as forwards and backwards. The weight G does not touch the hull on its pendulum motion (G ').

Anstelle eines einzelnen, nach allen Seiten frei pendelnden Gewichts, können z.B. auch zwei Pendel im Punkt F befestigt sein, wobei das eine Pendel lediglich seitlich ausgelenkt und das zweite Pendel in axialer Richtung (vorwärts - rückwärts) ausgelenkt werden kann.Instead of a single weight swinging freely on all sides, e.g. two pendulums can also be fastened at point F, the one pendulum only being deflected laterally and the second pendulum being able to be deflected in the axial direction (forward - backward).

Am Pendelgewicht G sind die zwei Enden eines Drahtseils befestigt, welches über mehrere Rollen die feste Verbindung von G mit dem Mast herstellt. Die Distanz von G über L nach F kann verkürzt oder verlängert werden. Entsprechend verlängert bzw. verkürzt sich die Distanz von G über R nach F. Die Länge des Polygonzugs bleibt sich gleich. Die Auslenkung von G nach G' erfolgt durch eine Seilwinde in Punkt F.The two ends of a wire rope are attached to the pendulum weight G, which establishes the fixed connection of G with the mast via several rollers. The distance from G via L to F can be shortened or extended. The distance from G via R to F increases or decreases accordingly. The length of the polyline remains the same. The deflection from G to G 'is carried out by a cable winch in point F.

Die am Mast angreifende Kraft M muss durch geeignete Wahl des Gewichts G und durch angemessene Auslenkung des Gewichts (Kraft P) kompensiert werden. Das am Mast angreifende Drehmoment wird durch P aufgehoben. Auf den Bootsrumpf werden nur die auf den Punkt F wirkenden Kräfte übertragen. Der Bootsrumpf wird durch den Kiel K stabilisiert. Bei Schiffen mit mehreren Masten kann das beschriebene System für jeden Mast einzeln oder in gegenseitiger Koordination angewendet werden.The force M acting on the mast must be compensated for by a suitable choice of the weight G and by an appropriate deflection of the weight (force P). The torque applied to the mast is canceled by P. Only the forces acting on point F are transferred to the hull. The hull is stabilized by the keel K. For ships with several masts, the system described can be used for each mast individually or in mutual coordination.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Abbildung 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Schiffsrumpf. Um einen freien Raum im Innern des Bootsrumpfes schaffen zu können, der vom Mast und vom Pendelarm nicht bestrichen wird, wird bei dieser Konstruktion der Drehpunkt D durch ein Doppel-Ringsystem "aufgefangen". Der Drehpunkt D ist sowohl der Drehpunkt für den Mast als auch der Drehpunkt für das Pendelgewicht G. Figure 3 shows a cross section through a ship's hull. In order to be able to create a free space inside the boat hull that is not covered by the mast and the pendulum arm, the pivot point D is "caught" by a double ring system. The pivot point D is both the pivot point for the mast and the pivot point for the pendulum weight G.

In der vorliegenden Darstellung wird nur die seitliche Rotation von Mast und Pendelgewicht gezeigt, Grundsätzlich kann aber auch diese Konstruktion dreidimensional, das heisst, Mast und Pendel nach allen Seiten frei schwenkend, ausgeführt werden (partielle Kugeloberfläche anstelle des Ringsystems oder mehrere Doppelring-Systeme).In the present illustration, only the lateral rotation of the mast and pendulum weight is shown.However, this construction can also be carried out three-dimensionally, i.e. the mast and pendulum can pivot freely to all sides (partial spherical surface instead of the ring system or several double ring systems).

Das Doppelringsystem besteht aus zwei Ringen, die beide gegenüber dem Bootsrumpf frei drehbar gelagert sind und die zudem auch gegeneinander konzentrisch frei drehbar sind. An einem der beiden Ringe ist der Mast befestigt, am andern das Pendelgewicht G. Durch gegenseitiges Verstellen der Ringe gegeneinander kann die Position des Gewichts G gegenüber dem Mast nach Bedarf verändert und fixiert werden. Der Bootsrumpf wird durch den Kiel K stabilisiert.The double ring system consists of two rings, both of which are freely rotatable relative to the boat hull and which can also be freely rotated concentrically with respect to one another. The mast is attached to one of the two rings and the pendulum weight G to the other. By mutually adjusting the rings against each other, the position of the weight G relative to the mast can be changed and fixed as required. The hull is stabilized by the keel K.

Beschreibung der AbbildungenDescription of the pictures

Abbildung 1: Schematische Darstellung der am Mast angreifenden Kraftkomponenten bei Segelschiffen herkömmlicher Bauart wenn sie krängen. Figure 1: Schematic representation of the force components acting on the mast in sailing ships of conventional design when they are heeling.

Abbildung 2: Querschnitt durch ein Segelschiff gemäss Ausführungsbeispiel 1. Figure 2: Cross section through a sailing ship according to embodiment 1.

Abbildung 3: Querschnitt durch ein Segelschiff gemäss Ausführungsbeispiel 2. Figure 3: Cross section through a sailing ship according to embodiment 2.

Claims (9)

  1. A construction system for changing the position of the mast of sailboats consisting of
       a mast foot that joins the mast to the boat's hull, said foot being constructed in the form of a universal joint (cardan joint or ball-and socket joint) that allows the mast to be directed to any direction and inclined to any inclination in relation to the hull,
       a mast that can be altered in its location in relation to the hull,
       a counterweight (G) that is arranged inside said hull and acts to provide full compensation of the torque acting on the mast foot,
       a mast guidance construction that joins said weight to said mast and serves to guide and hold the mast, and
       a weight suspension system that joins said conterweight to said hull and serves to shift the counterweight both laterally to either side and fore and aft and fix it in position,
       whereby the mast of the sailboat can be inclined rapidly in any direction to any inclination and fixed in the desired position and location while the boat is moving, without the torques of the mast or of the construction system being transmitted to the boat's hull,
       and whereby, in particular, the mast can be inclined windward and abaft in order to utilize the force of the wind optimally by exploiting the lift applied by the wing action of the sail in this position.
  2. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which said counterweight (G) is suspended from the universal joint of the mast foot by means of a pendulum arm of adjustable length in such a way that the pendulum plane can be adjusted as desired in relation to the hull and fixed in position.
  3. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which said counterweight (G) is joined to the mast by a system of ropes in such a way that the mast can be shifted to the desired direction and inclination by lengthening or shortening the lengths of the two lateral shrouds and of the forestay and backstay and fixed in the selected position.
  4. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which said counterweight (G) consists of a number of weight segments, with which the sum of all torques occurring around the mast foot and the roll axes of the boat's hull is compensated.
  5. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which said mast is joined to the counterweight (G) by telescoping arms in such a way that the mast can be shifted in the desired direction and to the desired inclination by lengthening or shortening the telescoping arms and fixed in the selected position.
  6. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which the fore-and-aft inclination of the mast is made possible by an ordinary hinge joint and the lateral inclination of the mast is achieved by means of a rotation ring integrated in the hull.
  7. Construction system according to Claim 6, in which said counterweight (G) is fastened to a rotation ring integrated in the hull and by means of which the counterweight can be shifted either by rotation of the ring or by displacement along the ring and brought into the desired position in relation to the mast foot and fixed there, and whereby, following fixation, the mast foot and counterweight are free to oscillate together along the ring track without transmitting any lateral torques to the hull.
  8. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which the shifting of the counterweight (G) and the alteration of the mast position are accomplished by motorized rope systems, gearing systems, or hydraulic systems, and wherein the control of counterweight positioning and mast positioning is effected by electronically processed measured data.
  9. Construction system according to Claim 1, in which said sailboat has more than one mast and consequently the construction system is implemented on several masts.
EP88110852A 1987-07-14 1988-07-07 System for changing the position of the mast on a sailing vessel Expired - Lifetime EP0299356B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88110852T ATE78768T1 (en) 1987-07-14 1988-07-07 SYSTEM FOR CHANGE THE MAST POSITION ON SAILING SHIPS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2675/87 1987-07-14
CH267587 1987-07-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299356A1 EP0299356A1 (en) 1989-01-18
EP0299356B1 true EP0299356B1 (en) 1992-07-29

Family

ID=4239055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88110852A Expired - Lifetime EP0299356B1 (en) 1987-07-14 1988-07-07 System for changing the position of the mast on a sailing vessel

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EP (1) EP0299356B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE78768T1 (en)
AU (1) AU613055B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3873199D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2034042T3 (en)
NZ (1) NZ225282A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2763911B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 1999-06-11 Andre Francois Jean Pier Bosle DEVICE FOR FIXING MATTS OF VESSELS WITH MODULAR TILT ANTI-BREAKING ANTI-TIP AND INSUBMERSIBILITY
DE19925958A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-07 Frank Dietmar Haese Rocker mounting for a sailing boat mast has a welded A-shape support structure with a mast pivot axis at the same level as the shroud mountings for easy movement without side tilting
FR2948626A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-04 Cmbl Distrib MONOCOQUE SAILBOAT WITH A MATT MOUNTED ON A ROTARY RING

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2087026A5 (en) * 1970-04-17 1971-12-31 Webert Andre
DE2249542A1 (en) * 1972-10-10 1974-04-18 Otto Heinz Dipl Ing Brandi MAST ARRANGEMENT FOR SAILBOATS
US3972300A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-08-03 Adamski Leo J Sailing craft
DE2913434A1 (en) * 1979-04-04 1980-10-16 Gerhard B Dr Heinze Sailing boat heeling-and capsize prevention device - includes restrained mast(s) with springs inside hull, acting below pivot

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0299356A1 (en) 1989-01-18
AU1869488A (en) 1989-01-19
AU613055B2 (en) 1991-07-25
ATE78768T1 (en) 1992-08-15
DE3873199D1 (en) 1992-09-03
NZ225282A (en) 1990-10-26
ES2034042T3 (en) 1993-04-01

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