EP0295922B1 - Outil de fond de puits et procédé pour perforer et prendre un échantillon - Google Patents

Outil de fond de puits et procédé pour perforer et prendre un échantillon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295922B1
EP0295922B1 EP88305522A EP88305522A EP0295922B1 EP 0295922 B1 EP0295922 B1 EP 0295922B1 EP 88305522 A EP88305522 A EP 88305522A EP 88305522 A EP88305522 A EP 88305522A EP 0295922 B1 EP0295922 B1 EP 0295922B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sampler
tool
valve
fluid
packer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88305522A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0295922A3 (en
EP0295922A2 (fr
Inventor
Jon Brent Christensen
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Halliburton Co
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Halliburton Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0295922A2 publication Critical patent/EP0295922A2/fr
Publication of EP0295922A3 publication Critical patent/EP0295922A3/en
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Publication of EP0295922B1 publication Critical patent/EP0295922B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E21B34/102—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/001—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/081—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells with down-hole means for trapping a fluid sample
    • E21B49/0813—Sampling valve actuated by annulus pressure changes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tool for sampling fluids from a formation reservoir in a well and, more particularly, to a perforating and sampling tool attachable to the end of a tool string.
  • Samplers adapted for obtaining a self-contained sample have been used on wire lines.
  • the tool is lowered on a wire line and perforating guns triggered and the sample chamber filled. Because the device is used on a wire line, it is not possible for a large fluid sample to be obtained. Also, wire line sampling devices are not totally reliable and frequently the sample obtained is less than desirable.
  • U.S. patent no. 2,169,559 discloses a downhole tool adapted for connection to a tool string for use in a well bore, said tool comprising: packer means sealingly engageable with said well bore; perforation means for perforation of said well bore for allowing formation fluids to flow into a well annulus defined between said tool and said well bore below said packer means; a sampling device including a sampling chamber for receiving a sample of said formation fluid for subsequent removal of said sample from said well bore; and valve means for opening and closing communication between said well annulus and the sampling chamber.
  • This apparatus includes a packer with perforating guns positioned therebelow and having a valve therein such that after the packer is set and the guns triggered, fluid from the well formation reservoir flows through the valve into a cylindrical body at the lower end of the tool string.
  • the valve When the drill string is raised, the valve recloses such that a volume of fluid is contained in the lower portion of the drill string. The drill string may be removed from the well bore and the sample drained for testing.
  • the tool of the present invention is mainly characterised in that the sampling chamber is at all times isolated from the interior of the tool string and that the sample is completely enclosed in the chamber for removal from the well bore.
  • the hydrocarbons from the well formation reservoir are never flowed into the tool string and never flowed above the packer. Because the fluid sample is totally enclosed, the sampler may be handled at the surface, and a minimum of special equipment is needed for handling the fluids in the sampler even if the sample fluid contains sour gas.
  • EP-A-0137735 discloses a downhole tool including an enclosed sampling chamber, but this tool is limited for use in taking samples only from previously established well bores.
  • a downhole tool adapted for connection to a tool string for use in a well bore, said tool comprising: packer means sealingly engageable with said well bore; perforation means for perforation of said well bore for allowing formation fluids to flow into a well annulus defined between said tool and said well bore below said packer means; a sampling device including a sampling chamber; a fluid inlet to said tool from said well annulus; passageway means communicating said sampling chamber with said inlet to conduct a sample of said formation fluid to said sampling chamber; and valve means for opening and closing said passageway means communication between said well annulus and the sampling chamber; characterised in that said inlet only communicates formation fluid to said passageway, and said passageway conducts said fluid only to said sampling chamber, and wherein the sampling chamber is at all times closed to the interior of the tool string and the sample is completely enclosed in the chamber for removal from the well bore, whereby none of said formation fluid can enter the interior of the tool string.
  • the invention also includes a method of sampling fluid from a well formation comprising the steps of: positioning a tool in a well bore on a tool string, said tool comprising a perforating gun, a self-contained sampler adjacent said perforating gun, a fluid inlet to said tool from the well annulus, and passageway means communicating said sampler with said inlet, to conduct formation fluids to said sampler, a sampler valve therein to open and close the passageway means, and a packer adjacent said sampler; setting said packer such that a well annulus is defined thereabove and therebelow; actuating said gun for perforating said formation; opening said sampler valve to admit formation fluid from said well annulus below said packer through said passageway into the sampler; closing said sampler valve; unsetting said packer; removing said tool from said well bore; and draining fluid from said sampler, characterised in that the inlet only communicates formation fluid to said passageway, and said passageway conducts said fluid only to said sampler, a predetermined volume of formation fluid
  • the sampling means is self-contained and no portion of the fluids from the formation reservoir enter the tool string.
  • the sampling means is positioned below the packer means so that the formation fluids are never above the packer means.
  • valve means is opened and closed in response to a pressure differential between an internal pressure in the tool and a pressure in a portion of the well annulus above the packer means.
  • valve means may also be opened and closed by physical manipulation.
  • the tool preferably comprises clean-up means for collecting debris resulting from the perforation and mud filtration of the reservoir prior to opening of the valve means.
  • the perforation means is characterised by a perforating gun defining fluid flow passages therethrough after firing thereof
  • the clean-up means is characterised by an empty casing portion disposed below the gun and in fluid communication with the fluid flow passages in the gun such that fluid, debris and mud flow into the well casing portion after firing of the gun. It is only after this occurs that the valve means in the sampling means is opened.
  • Shear means are preferably provided for holding the valve means in a first closed position prior to opening of the valve means, and locking means are provided for locking the valve means in a second closed position after closure of the valve means.
  • the tool preferably further comprises gauge means for measuring and recording at least one of a fluid pressure and a fluid temperature in the sampling means.
  • the sampling means is characterized by a fluid sampling apparatus comprising elongated body means defining a sampling chamber therein and sampler port means in communication with the sampling chamber which is opened and closed by the valve means, and modular sampling means disposed in the sampling chamber and adapted for separately entrapping a volume of fluid as the sampling chamber fills when the sampler port means is opened by the valve means.
  • second modular sampling means are also disposed in the sampling chamber longitudinally spaced from the first mentioned modular sampling means. The second modular sampling means is adapted for entrapping another volume of fluid as the sampling chamber fills.
  • Drain means are also provided on the body means for draining the sampling chamber when the apparatus is removed from a well bore, and in a preferred embodiment, two such longitudinally spaced drain means are used.
  • Gauge means are positioned in the sampling chamber adjacent the modular sampling means for measuring and recording at least one of a fluid pressure and temperature in the sampling chamber.
  • the modular sampling means comprises metering valve means openable in response to fluid pressure in the sampling chamber and metering means for automatically closing the metering valve means when a predetermined volume of fluid is in the modular sampling means.
  • the metering means restricts movement of the metering valve means such that closure of the metering valve means prior to filling the modular sampling means to the predetermined volume is prevented.
  • the method of using the tool of the present invention for sampling fluid from the well formation reservoir comprises the steps of positioning the tool in the well bore, setting the packer such that the well annulus is defined thereabove and therebelow, actuating the gun for perforating the formation, opening the sampler valve in the self-contained sampler, filling the sampler with a predetermined volume of formation fluid from the well annulus below the packer, closing the sampler valve, unsetting the packer, removing the tool from the well bore, and draining the fluid from the sampler.
  • the step of opening the sampler valve comprises lowering pressure in the well annulus above the packer such that a pressure differential opens the sampler valve.
  • the step of closing the sampler valve comprises raising pressure in the well annulus above the packer and lowering pressure in the tool so that a reverse pressure differential closes the sampler valve.
  • the method also may comprise the steps of positioning at least one sampler module in the sampler and filling the sampler module with a separate volume of formation fluid.
  • the method further comprises, prior to opening the sampler valve, the step of entrapping debris resulting from the perforation and mud filtration of the reservoir in a casing portion below the gun.
  • the method also comprises locking the sampler valve in a closed position after closure thereof and measuring and recording at least one of a temperature and a pressure in the sampler during filling thereof.
  • Tool 10 is positioned in a well casing 11 defining a well bare 12 at the end of a tool string 14.
  • a circulating valve 16 of a kind known in the art is located above tool 10 in tool string 14.
  • tool 10 The major components of tool 10 include an upper piston sub 18, a packer 20 of a kind known in the art, a sampler 22, live perforating guns 24, blank guns 26 and a bundle gauge carrier 28 of a kind known in the art.
  • Circulating valve 16 is of a kind known in the art such as the Full-Flo® hydraulic circulating valve, manufactured by Halliburton Company.
  • Packer 20 is also of a kind known in the art such as the Halliburton Champ® III retrievable packer, manufactured by us. This packer is set by rotating tool string 14 and setting down weight. The packer is released by an upward pull.
  • Live guns 24 are also of a kind known in the art such as used in the Vanngun, manufactured by Vann Engineered Well Completions. Live guns 24 include a firing head 30 such as the GEO® Vann firing head, and a gun portion.
  • FIGS. 2A-2K details of tool 10 as the tool is run into well bore 12 are shown.
  • the upper end of piston sub 18 includes an upper adapter 34 with a threaded upper end 36 adapted for engagement to tool string 14.
  • the lower end of upper adapter 34 is attached to an operating sub or cylinder 38 at threaded connection 40.
  • a seal 42 seals between upper adapter 34 and cylinder 38.
  • upper adapter 34 and cylinder 38 define a longitudinal cylinder bore 44 therein.
  • a piston means such as an operating piston 46, is slidably disposed in cylinder bore 44.
  • Operating piston 46 is the upper end of an inner tubing string 47 which extends longitudinally substantially the length of tool 10.
  • Sealing means such as piston rings 48 carried in piston ring grooves 50 on operating piston 46, provide sealing between the piston means and cylinder bore 44.
  • An upper annular shoulder 52 in upper adapter 34 and a lower annular shoulder 54 in cylinder 38 provide means for limiting the vertical movement of piston 46 as will be further discussed herein.
  • the upper end of operating piston 46 has a threaded inner portion 56 and an external annular groove 58.
  • a transverse hole 60 in upper adapter 34 has a shear pin 62 positioned therethrough such that the shear pin extends into annular groove 58 in piston 46.
  • a plug 64 prevents communication between cylinder bore 44 and the outside of tool 10.
  • shear pin 62 provides a means for holding piston 46 in the position shown such that undesired vertical movement of operating piston 46 and of the components attached thereto is prevented.
  • These other components include sampler valve means described in detail herein.
  • a locking dog assembly 66 is positioned in annular groove 68 of cylinder 38. As seen in FIG. 3, locking dog assembly 66 preferably comprises three locking dogs 70 of arcuate configuration having an outwardly facing groove 72 therein. A biasing means, such as garter spring 74, is positioned in groove 72 around each of locking dogs 70. It will be seen that spring 74 biases locking dogs 70 inwardly toward outer surface 76 of piston 46.
  • outer surface 76 of piston 46 defines an outwardly facing annular groove 78 therein.
  • Annular groove 78 is adapted for receiving locking dogs 70 of locking dog assembly 66, providing locking means for vertically locking operating piston 46 and the components attached thereto as will be described in more detail herein.
  • an inner nipple 80 is connected to the lower end of piston 46 at threaded connection 82.
  • a seal provides sealing engagement between piston 46 and nipple 80.
  • nipple 80 The lower end of nipple 80 is connected to an inner sealing tube 86 at threaded connection 88.
  • a seal 90 provides sealing engagement between nipple 80 and tube 86.
  • Tube 86 extends downwardly through cylinder 38 such that an annular volume 92 is defined therebetween.
  • a lower portion of cylinder 38 defines port means, best characterized by a plurality of annulus pressure ports 94 transversely therethrough, which provide communication between annular volume 92 and a well annulus 96 defined between tool 10 and well bore 12 above packer 20, as indicated in FIG. 1A.
  • Packer 20 also includes a packer element 104 expandable for engagement with well bore 12 and a lower packer body 106.
  • lower end of lower packer body 106 is connected to the upper end of sealing sub 108 at threaded connection 110.
  • Sealing sub 108 defines an inner bore 112 longitudinally therethrough.
  • Sealing tube 86 has an outwardly extending seal portion 114 thereon which is adapted to be in close, sliding relationship with bore 112.
  • Sealing means such as piston rings 116 carried in piston ring grooves 118 in seal portion 114, provide sealing engagement between seal portion 114 and bore 112 in sealing sub 108. It will be seen that the sealing means seals the lower end of annular volume 92. It will also be seen that seal portion 114 is adapted to slide within bore 112 when operating piston 46 is moved within cylinder bore 44.
  • sealing tube 86 The lower end of sealing tube 86 is connected to a nipple 120 at threaded connection 122, and a seal 124 provides sealing engagement between nipple 120 and sealing tube 86.
  • nipple 120 is connected to inner tube 126 at threaded connection 128.
  • a seal 130 provides sealing engagement between nipple 120 and tube 126.
  • sealing sub 108 is connected to the upper end of upper sampler drain case 132 at threaded connection 134 with a seal 136 providing sealing engagement between the sealing sub and the upper sampler drain case.
  • Upper sampler drain case 132 has an outer surface 138 with an annular flange 140 extending outwardly therefrom. Annularly positioned around a portion of outer surface 138 adjacent flange 140 is a drain nut 142 having an annular inner shoulder 144 adapted to bear against the upper side of flange 140. It will be seen that nut 142 is substantially longitudinally fixed between flange 140 and lower face 146 of sealing sub 108. However, nut 142 is free to rotate about upper sampler drain case 132. Nut 142 defines a plurality of transverse holes 148 therethrough and also has a threaded inner surface 150 below annular shoulder 144.
  • Upper sampler drain valve 152 has a sleeve 154 which extends upwardly and has an externally threaded portion 156 threadingly engaged with threaded inner surface 150 of nut 142. Upper sampler drain valve 152 defines a threaded transverse hole 158 therein.
  • Tube 126 extends through upper sampler drain case 132 such that an annular cavity 160 is defined therebetween.
  • cavity 160 forms the upper portion of a sampling chamber 194 within sampler 22. It will be seen that seals 118 provide a sealing means for sealing the upper end of cavity 160 and sampling chamber 194.
  • Upper sampler drain 132 defines a transverse hole 162 therethrough in communication with cavity 160.
  • upper sampler drain valve 152 is positioned such that seals 164 and 166, disposed in grooves 168 and 164, respectively, seal off hole 162 and prevent communication between cavity 160 and the well annulus.
  • Another seal 172 is carried in another groove 174 in upper sampler drain valve 152. Seal 172 is positioned below hole 158 in drain valve 152.
  • drain valve 152 may be moved upwardly such that hole 158 is aligned with hole 162, thereby providing a drain means for allowing fluid communication between cavity 160 and the exterior of tool 10.
  • upper sampler drain case 132 is connected to a drain adapter 176 by threaded connection 178.
  • Seal 180 provides sealing engagement between upper sampler drain case 132 and drain adapter 176.
  • the upper sampler drain valve is positioned adjacent upwardly directed face 182 of drain adapter 176.
  • drain adapter 176 is connected to sampler case 183 of upper sampler-gauge assembly 184 at threaded connection 186, and a seal 188 provides sealing engagement therebetween.
  • the lower end of upper sampler-gauge assembly 184 is connected to hollow casing 190 by a coupling 192 in a manner known in the art.
  • Tube 126 extends down through sampler 22 defining sampling chamber 194 therebetween, or which cavity 160 is an upper portion.
  • Tube 126 may be a single piece or it may be formed of a plurality of pieces connected together in any known manner.
  • casing 190 is connected to sampler body 196 of lower sampler-gauge assembly 198 at threaded connection 200.
  • a seal 202 provides sealing engagement between casing 190 and sampler body 196.
  • lower sampler-gauge assembly 198 The construction of lower sampler-gauge assembly 198 will now be discussed in detail. It should be understood that upper sampler-gauge assembly 184 is of substantially identical construction and for this reason the details of the upper sampler-gauge assembly have not been shown. It should also be understood that the number of casings 190 and the necessary couplings 192 to connect them together may be varied as desired to arrive at a predetermined volume of sampling chamber 194.
  • Sampler body 196 of lower sampler-gauge assembly 198 is a substantially tubular member and tube 126 extends therethrough.
  • tube 126 may be of multi-piece construction such as a plurality of tubes 126 interconnected by couplings 204 at threaded connections 206 and 208 with sealing provided by seals 210 and 212 as shown in FIGS. 2G and 2H.
  • modular sampling means preferably characterized by a pair of elongated sampler modules 214 are longitudinally positioned in annular sampling chamber 194 between sampler body 196 and tube 126.
  • sampler modules 214 are spaced at approximately 180°.
  • elongated testing gauges 216 are of a kind known in the art and provide gauge means for measuring and recording pressure and/or temperature.
  • Sampler modules 214 and testing gauges 216 have substantially the same external dimensions and are installed in substantially the same way. The actual internal details of testing gauges 216 are not necessary for this disclosure and are omitted for simplicity.
  • testing gauges 216 are preferably spaced approximately 90° from adjacent sampler modules 214.
  • each sampler module 214 (and also of each testing gauge 216) is supported by upper support means comprising an annular support ring 218 defining a plurality of holes 220 with corresponding concentric countersinks 222 thereabove.
  • upper support means comprising an annular support ring 218 defining a plurality of holes 220 with corresponding concentric countersinks 222 thereabove.
  • Support ring 218 is separated from the bottom of the lowermost casing 190 by annular large cushion 224.
  • the upper support means also comprises a hanger 226 extending downwardly through hole 220 and connected to adapter 220 at threaded connection 230.
  • a nut 232 locks hanger 226 to adapter 228.
  • Hanger 226 has an enlarged head portion 234 positioned in countersink 222, and a small cushion 236 is positioned above the head portion and two small cushions 236 are positioned therebelow.
  • a plug 238 keeps head portion 234 and cushions 236 in place within countersink 222.
  • a drain cover 240 is connected to adapter 228 at threaded connection 242 and connected to drain nipple 244 at threaded connection 246.
  • a seal 248 provides sealing engagement between drain cover 240 and drain nipple 244.
  • a longitudinal passageway 250 is defined through drain nipple 244.
  • sample case 252 defines an elongated central cavity 258 therein.
  • a piston 260 is originally disposed at the lower end of central cavity 258 in sample case 252. Sealing engagement is provided between piston 260 and sealing case 252 by upper piston ring 262 and lower piston ring 264.
  • a metering case 266 is connected to the lower end of sample case 252 at threaded connection 268.
  • a seal 270 provides sealing engagement between metering case 266 and sample case 252.
  • Metering case 266 defines an elongated central cavity 272 therein with a transverse port of hole 274 in communication therewith.
  • a countersink forms a flat shoulder 276 which extends adjacent hole 274.
  • metering valve 278 Slidably disposed in central cavity 272 in metering case 266 is a metering valve 278.
  • Metering valve 278 has an elongated annular recess 280 thereon such that an annulus 282 is defined between metering valve 278 and the inner wall of metering case 266. In the position shown, annulus 282 is in fluid communication with transverse hole 274.
  • Metering valve 278 also defines a passageway 284 therein of substantially T-shaped cross section which extends from recess 280 at its lower end to top face 286 of metering valve 278 at its upper end. It will thus be seen that passageway 284 provides fluid communication between annulus 282 and the bottom of piston 260 and that annulus 282 and passageway 284 provide passageway means between central cavity 258 in sealing case 252 and central cavity 272 in metering case 266. Above recess 280 a pair of spaced sealing rings 288 are carried on the exterior of metering valve 278 in ring grooves 290. The importance of the spacing between sealing rings 288 will become more apparent hereinafter.
  • Another sealing ring 292 is carried in a groove 294 which is positioned below groove 280 on metering valve 278. It will thus be seen that the portion of central cavity 272 above sealing ring 292 is separated from the portion of central cavity 272 below sealing ring 292.
  • metering case 262 The lower end of metering case 262 is connected to metering nipple 296 at threaded connection 298.
  • a seal 300 provides sealing engagement between metering case 266 and metering nipple 296.
  • Metering nipple 296 defines a longitudinal passageway 302 therethrough with orifice means such as a Visco-jet 304 disposed across the upper end thereof.
  • Visco-jet 304 is of a kind known in the art and has a small, precisely-sized orifice 306 therethrough which provides restricted communication between the lower portion of central cavity 276 and metering case 266 and passageway 302.
  • Air chamber 308 defines an elongated cavity 314 therein which is in communication with passageway 302 in metering nipple 296.
  • cavity 314 in air chamber 308 has a closed lower end 316.
  • Air chamber 308 has a downwardly extending stud portion 318 which forms a lower portion of the air chamber. Stud portion 318 extends into a hole 320 defined in a lower guide plate 322. There are a plurality of holes 320, one for each sampler module 214 and each testing gauge 216. Lower guide plate 322 thus provides lower support means for sampler modules 214 and testing gauges 216.
  • a plurality of guide posts 324 provide additional support means extending longitudinally between guide plate 322 and support ring 218.
  • Guide posts 324 are engaged with guide plate 322 and support ring 218 such that a rigid assembly is formed. This allows all of the sampler modules 214 and testing gauges 216 to be positioned in, and removed from, sampling chamber 194 at one time.
  • sampler body 196 is connected to lower drain adapter 326 at threaded connection 328.
  • a seal 330 provides sealing engagement between sampler body 196 and drain adapter 326.
  • An annular cushion 332' separates guide ring 322 from the top of drain adapter 326.
  • drain adapter 326 is connected to lower sampler drain case 332 at threaded connection 334 with seal 336 providing sealing engagement therebetween.
  • Lower sampler drain case 332 has an outer surface 338 with an annular flange 340 extending outwardly therefrom.
  • Annularly positioned around a portion of outer surface 338 adjacent flange 340 is a drain nut 342 having an annular inner shoulder 344 adapted to bear against the upper side of flange 340.
  • nut 342 is substantially longitudinally fixed between flange 340 and lower face 346 of drain adapter 326. However, nut 342 is free to rotate about lower sampler drain case 332.
  • Nut 342 defines at least one transverse hole 348 therethrough and also has a threaded inner surface 350 below annular shoulder 344.
  • Lower sampler drain valve 352 has a sleeve 354 which extends upwardly and has an externally threaded portion 356 threadingly engaged with threaded inner surface 350 of nut 342.
  • Lower sampler drain valve 352 defines a threaded transverse hole 358 therein.
  • Tube 126 continues to extend downwardly through sampler 22, and the lower end or tube 126 is connected to sampler valve means best characterized by sampler valve 360 at threaded connection 362.
  • a seal 364 provides sealing engagement between tube 126 and valve 360.
  • annular cavity 366 is thus defined between lower sampler drain case 332 and the assembly formed by tube 126 and valve 360. It will be seen that cavity 366 forms a lower portion of sampling chamber 194 within sampler 22.
  • Lower sampler drain case 332 defines a transverse hole 368 therethrough in communication with cavity 366.
  • lower sampler drain valve 352 is positioned such that seals 370 and 372 disposed in grooves 374 and 376, respectively, seal off hole 368 and prevent communication between cavity 366 and the well annulus.
  • Another seal 378 is carried in another groove 380 in lower sampler drain valve 352. Seal 378 is positioned below hole 358 in drain valve 352.
  • drain valve 352 may be moved upwardly such that hole 358 is aligned with hole 368, thereby providing drain means for allowing fluid communication between cavity 366 and the exterior of tool 10.
  • FIG. 2J the lower end of lower sampler drain case 332 is connected to a drain coupling 382 at threaded connection 384.
  • Seal 386 provides sealing engagement between lower sampler drain case 332 and drain coupling 382.
  • FIGS. 2I and 2J it will be seen that the sampler drain valve is positioned adjacent upwardly directed face 388 of drain coupling 382.
  • drain coupling 382 is connected to the upper end of valve body 390 at threaded connection 392, with a seal 394 providing sealing engagement therebetween.
  • valve body 390 Annularly disposed around valve body 390 is a screen support 396 having a plurality of openings 398 therethrough.
  • Valve body 390 has a recessed outer surface 400 spaced inwardly from screen support 396 such that an annular volume 402 is defined therebetween.
  • annularly spaced outwardly from screen support 396 is a filter screen 404 which is attached at its upper end to screen support 396 by weld 406 and at its lower end to screen support 396 by weld 408, as seen in FIG. 2K. It will be seen that another annular volume 410 is defined between filter screen 404 and screen support 396.
  • Valve 360 has a first outer surface 412 spaced inwardly from inner surface 414 of valve body 390 such that an annular passageway 416 is defined therebetween.
  • Valve 360 also has a second outer surface 418 adapted to be in close, spaced and sliding relationship with inner surface 414 of valve body 390.
  • Upper valve seals 420, intermediate valve seals 422 and lower valve seals 424 are carried in grooves 426, 428 and 430, respectively, in outer surface 418 of valve 360.
  • a means is provided for sealing engagement between valve 360 and inner surface 414 of valve body 390, as will be described in more detail herein.
  • outer surface 418 of valve 360 has a serrated portion 432.
  • Serrated portion 432 acts as an indicator means, visible through sampler port 434, for indicating that valve 360 is properly positioned during assembly of tool 10.
  • valve body 390 is connected to a gun coupling or lower adapter 436 at threaded connection 438.
  • a seal 440 provides sealing engagement between seal mandrel 390 and lower adapter 436.
  • Lower adapter 436 has an internally threaded opening 442 which is adapted for engagement with firing head 30, as best shown in FIG. 1B.
  • sealing sub 108 upper sampler drain case 132, drain adapter 176, sampler case 183, coupling 192, casing 190, sampler body 196, drain adapter 326, lower sampler drain case 332, coupling 382 and valve body 390 provide elongated body means, generally in the form of an annular outer body portion, for sampler 22.
  • the components of tool 10 are in the configuration shown in FIGS. 2A-2K when the tool is run into well bore 12 at the end of tool string 14.
  • metering chamber 272 shown in FIG. 2H
  • Air chamber 314, shown in FIGS. 2H and 2I is initially empty. That is, air chamber 314 is originally filled with atmospheric air. Also initially empty is central cavity 258 in sample case 252, shown in FIGS. 2G and 2H.
  • circulating valve 16 is closed and packer 20 is actuated as previously described such that packer element 104 sealingly engages well bore 12 as shown by phantom lines in FIG. 1A.
  • Firing head 30 is then triggered, and the gun portion of live guns 24 fire to perforate casing 11 adjacent the formation to be sampled so that well fluids will flow from the formation.
  • firing head 30 is triggered by pressurizing the well annulus and the internal portion of tool 10.
  • other perforating guns may use manipulation of the tool string in addition to, or instead of, applying pressure.
  • the invention is not intended to be limited to a particular type of perforating gun.
  • a sealed well annulus 444 is defined around the portions of tool 10 below packer 20, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • live guns 24 When live guns 24 are fired, fluid enters blank guns 26 such that inner cavity 446 therein is filled with fluid, well debris and mud filtration of the reservoir. The majority of the debris resulting from perforation of well bore 12 and the mud filtration will either fall to the bottom of annulus 444 or go into cavity 446 rather than enter sampler 22 once the sampler subsequently is opened.
  • a clean-up means is provided for cleaning wall annulus 444 below packer 20 prior to opening sampler 22.
  • operating piston 46 could also be actuated by applying downward force on the piston through a tubing string 447 of a kind known in the art connected to threaded portion 56 at the upper end of the operating piston.
  • the invention is not intended to be limited to a pressure actuated operating piston 46.
  • valve 360 is correspondingly moved downwardly within valve body 390 such that upper valve seals 420 are moved below sampler port 434, thus placing the sampler port in fluid communication with annular passageway 416 and therefore in communication with annular cavity 366, the lower portion of sampling chamber 194.
  • sampling chamber 194 gradually fills, upwardly compressing the lower pressure air therein. Sampling chamber 194 thus provides a large volume of sample fluid when tool 10 is raised out of well bore 12.
  • each sampler module 214 will be discussed. It will be seen that hole 274 in metering case 266 is in fluid communication with, and actually forms a part of, sampling chamber 194.
  • fluid enters hole 274, flowing through the passageway means characterized by annulus 282 and passageway 284, coming in contact with the bottom of piston 260, as best seen in FIG. 2H.
  • the fluid pressure forces piston 260 upwardly in central cavity 258 of sampler case 252, compressing the air in cavity 258.
  • Piston 260 continues to move upwardly until it contacts lower face 448 of drain nipple 244, as best seen in FIG. 5B.
  • a sampler module chamber 450 is defined below piston 260 in sampling case 252. Chamber 450 is filled with fluid which may then be drained once tool 10 is brought out of well bore 12.
  • sampler modules 214 in lower sampler-gauge assembly 198 fill before the corresponding sampler modules 214 in upper sampler-gauge assembly 184.
  • the fluid samples in sample module 214 provide important information relating to the flow rate of the formation being tested, as well as the type of fluid in the formation which is essential for reservoir evaluation.
  • metering valve 278 moves downwardly in metering case 266.
  • the oil present in metering chamber 272 provides resistance to this downward motion of metering valve 278, because the oil must pass through small orifice 306 in Visco-jet 304 before being discharged through passageway 302 into cavity 314 in air chamber 308.
  • metering valve 278 moves all the way downwardly until it contacts lower shoulder 452 in metering case 266, thus displacing all of the oil out of metering chamber 272 and compressing the air in air chamber 308.
  • metering valve 278 complete downward movement of metering valve 278 does not occur until after complete upward movement of piston 260.
  • sampler module chamber 450 is completely filled before metering valve 278 reaches shoulder 452. It will be seen that, once metering valve 278 has reached its downwardmost position, sealing rings 288 close off hole 274 in metering case 266. Thus, once sampler module chamber 450 is completely filled with a sample fluid, sampler module 214 is closed.
  • a metering means is provided for automatically closing the metering valve means when a predetermined fluid volume is in sampler module chamber 450.
  • sampler port 434 Prior to removing tool 10 from well bore 12.
  • closure of sampler port 434 is accomplished by lowering the internal pressure in tool 10 and repressurizing well annulus 96. It will be seen that this causes an upward pressure differential on operating piston 46 resulting in an upward force which causes the piston to move upwardly until it contacts upper annular shoulder 52 of upper adapter 34. It will be noted that operating piston 46 is thus raised above its original position such that groove 72 is aligned with locking dog assembly 66. Garter spring 74 forces locking dogs radially inwardly such that they engage groove 72 locking operating piston 46, and thus inner string 47, into the position shown in FIGS. 6A-6D.
  • Piston 46 could be raised by lifting on tubing string 447 connected to the operating piston at threaded portion 56 thereof.
  • valve 360 As operating piston 46 is moved upwardly by either applying a pressure differential or lifting on a tubing string 447, valve 360 is also moved upwardly above its original position. In this newly raised position, intermediate valve seals 422 on valve 360 are located above sampler port 434. In this way, intermediate valve seals 422 and lower valve seals 424 sealingly close sampler port 434.
  • valve 360 is connected to operating piston 46, it will be seen that locking dog assembly 66 provides a means for locking valve 360 in a sealingly closed position.
  • packer 20 may be disengaged and circulating valve 16 reopened so that tool string 14 and tool 10 may be retrieved from well bore 12.
  • test fluid in sampler 22 may be drained therefrom. First, draining the fluid from large sampling chamber 194 will be discussed.
  • a drain line 453 with appropriate valving is connected to hole 158.
  • Upper sampler drain valve 152 is then moved upwardly by rotation of nut 142.
  • hole 158 in upper sampler drain valve 152 is aligned with hole 162 in the upper sampler valve mandrel.
  • cavity 160 which is the upper portion of sampler chamber 194 may be easily drained or vented.
  • another drain line 453 with valving is connected to hole 358 of lower sampler drain valve 352, and the lower sampler drain valve is raised by rotation of nut 342 until sleeve 354 contacts flange 340 on lower sampler drain case 332.
  • hole 358 in lower sampler drain valve 352 is aligned with hole 368 in the lower sampler valve mandrel such that cavity 366 which is the lower portion of sampling chamber 194 may be drained or vented as desired.
  • sampler 22 may be disassembled such that each sampler module 214 may be removed therefrom and drained separately. Because each sampler module 214 is a self-contained unit, the sampler modules are easily transported and may be drained anywhere desired, such as in a testing laboratory.
  • a drain collar 454 is annularly positioned around metering case 266 such that a threaded opening 456 in drain collar 454 is substantially aligned with hole 274 in metering case 266.
  • a surface drain nipple 458 with an externally threaded surface 460 is threadingly engaged with threaded hole 456 in drain collar 454.
  • Surface drain nipple 458 is threaded into drain collar 454 such that inner face 462 of the surface drain nipple contacts annular shoulder 276 on metering case 266.
  • a seal provides sealing engagement between surface drain nipple 458 and shoulder 276.
  • a drain line 465 with appropriate valving may be connected to threaded opening 466 on the outer end of surface drain nipple 458.
  • metering nipple 296 and air chamber 308 are removed from sampler module 214 by breaking threaded connection 298.
  • An opening tool or nipple 468, with an externally threaded portion 470 is threadingly engaged with metering case 266 to form a new threaded connection 471 after removal of metering nipple 296.
  • Opening nipple 468 has pin means such as an elongated pin portion 472 thereon which extends into metering case 266 past shoulder 452, thus coming in contact with lower end 474 of metering valve 278.
  • pin portion 472 displaces metering valve 278 upwardly until annulus 282 is once again in fluid communication with hole 274 and thus in fluid communication with passageway 476 of surface drain nipple 458. Fluid is thus free to flow out of sampler module chamber 450 until piston 260 again reaches its lowermost position in contact with upper face 478 of metering case 266.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Outil de fond de puits (10) adapté pour être connecté à un train d'outil (14) destiné à être utilisé dans un alésage (20) de puits, ledit outil comportant : des moyens formant packer (12) pouvant venir en contact de manière étanche avec ledit alésage de puits; des moyens de perforation (24) destinés à perforer ledit alésage de puits pour permettre à des fluides de la formation de s'écouler jusque dans un annulus de puits défini entre ledit outil et ledit alésage de puits en dessous desdits moyens formant packer; un dispositif d'échantillonnage (22) comportant une chambre (194) d'échantillonnage; une entrée (434) de fluide vers ledit outil à partir dudit annulus de puits; des moyens (416) formant passage mettant en communication ladite chambre d'échantillonnage avec ladite entrée pour diriger un échantillon dudit fluide de formation vers ladite chambre d'échantillonnage; et des moyens (360) formant vanne destinés à ouvrir et fermer ladite communication des moyens formant passage entre ledit annulus de puits et la chambre d'échantillonnage; caractérisé en ce que ladite entrée met en communication le fluide de formation uniquement vers ledit passage, et ledit passage dirige ledit fluide uniquement vers ladite chambre d'échantillonnage, la chambre d'échantillonnage (194) étant à tout moment fermée vers l'intérieur du train d'outil (14) et l'échantillon étant complètement enfermé dans la chambre pour être enlevé de l'alésage du puits, de telle sorte que ledit fluide de formation ne peut pas entrer à l'intérieur du train d'outil.
  2. Outil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens formant vanne (360) sont ouverts et fermés en réponse à une pression différentielle existant entre une pression interne dudit outil et une pression s'exerçant dans une partie d'un annulus (96) de puits situé au-dessus desdits moyens (20) formant packer.
  3. Outil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (62) à cisaillement destinés à maintenir lesdits moyens (360) formant vanne dans une position fermée avant d'ouvrir les moyens formant vanne.
  4. Outil selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de blocage (66, 78) pour bloquer lesdits moyens (360) formant vanne dans une position fermée après fermeture des moyens formant vanne.
  5. Outil selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (22) d'échantillonnage comportent des modules (214) d'échantillonnage écartés angulairement adaptés pour piéger des échantillons séparés dudit fluide.
  6. Outil selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (216) formant jauges adjacents auxdits modules (214) d'échantillonnage pour mesurer la pression de fluide et/ou la température de fluide au voisinage desdits modules d'échantillonnage.
  7. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de nettoyage destinés à collecter les débris résultant de ladite perforation.
  8. Outil selon la revendication 7, dans lequel lesdits moyens de perforation comportent un canon perforateur (24) définissant des passages d'écoulement de fluide à travers lui après mise à feu, et les moyens de nettoyage sont caractérisés par une partie (446) de boîtier vide disposés en dessous du canon et en communication de fluide avec lesdits passages d'écoulement de fluide de telle sorte que le fluide et les débris s'écoulent jusque dans la partie de boîtier après mise à feu du canon.
  9. Procédé d'échantillonnage de fluide à partir d'une formation de puits comportant les étapes consistant à :
       positionner un outil (10) dans un alésage (12) de puits sur un train d'outil (14), ledit outil comportant un canon de perforation (24), un échantillonneur (22) autonome adjacent audit canon perforateur, une entrée (434) de fluide vers ledit outil à partir de l'annulus de puits, et des moyens (416) formant passage faisant communiquer ledit échantillonneur (22) avec ladite entrée, pour diriger des fluides de la formation vers ledit échantillonneur, une vanne (360) d'échantillonneur située à l'intérieur de ceux-ci pour ouvrir et fermer les moyens formant passage, et un packer (20) adjacent audit échantillonneur,
       mettre en place ledit packer de sorte qu'un annulus de puits soit défini au-dessus de ce dernier et en dessous de ce dernier,
       actionner ledit canon pour perforer ladite formation,
       ouvrir ladite vanne d'échantillonneur pour admettre du fluide de formation à partir dudit annulus de puits situé en dessous dudit packer à travers ledit passage jusque dans l'échantillonneur (22),
       fermer ladite vanne d'échantillonneur,
       mettre hors de prise ledit packer,
       retirer ledit outil dudit alésage de puits, et
       extraire le fluide dudit échantillonneur, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée met en communication le fluide de formation uniquement vers ledit passage, et ledit passage dirige ledit fluide uniquement vers ledit échantillonneur, un volume prédéterminé de fluide de formation étant admis vers l'échantillonneur, l'échantillonneur étant fermé vers l'intérieur du train d'outil, et l'échantillon est complètement enfermé à l'intérieur de l'échantillonneur pour être enlevé de l'alésage du puits, de telle sorte qu'aucun fluide de formation ne peut entrer à l'intérieur du train d'outil.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ladite vanne d'échantillonneur est une vanne d'échantillonneur sensible à une pression, ladite étape consistant à ouvrir ladite vanne d'échantillonneur comportant l'abaissement de la pression dans ledit annulus de puits au-dessus dudit packer pour créer une pression différentielle à travers ladite vanne d'échantillonneur, et ladite étape de fermeture de ladite vanne comporte l'élèvation de la pression dans ledit annulus de puits situé au-dessus dudit packer et l'abaissement de la pression dans ledit outil pour fournir une pression différentielle inverse à travers ladite vanne d'échantillonneur.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel ledit échantillonneur comprend deux ou plus de deux modules (214) formant échantillonneurs individuels qui y sont disposés, et comportant en outre l'étape consistant à remplir lesdits modules formant échantillonneurs avec des volumes séparés de fluide de formation.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9, 10 ou 11, comportant en outre, avant d'ouvrir ladite vanne d'échantillonneur, l'étape consistant à piéger les débris résultant de ladite perforation et la boue de filtration dans une partie de boîtier située en dessous dudit canon.
EP88305522A 1987-06-19 1988-06-17 Outil de fond de puits et procédé pour perforer et prendre un échantillon Expired - Lifetime EP0295922B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6428587A 1987-06-19 1987-06-19
US64285 1987-06-19

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EP0295922A2 EP0295922A2 (fr) 1988-12-21
EP0295922A3 EP0295922A3 (en) 1989-12-13
EP0295922B1 true EP0295922B1 (fr) 1993-10-06

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EP (1) EP0295922B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU601591B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1289464C (fr)
DE (1) DE3884677T2 (fr)
NO (1) NO882693L (fr)

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US4883123A (en) * 1988-11-23 1989-11-28 Halliburton Company Above packer perforate, test and sample tool and method of use
GB0025302D0 (en) 2000-10-14 2000-11-29 Sps Afos Group Ltd Downhole fluid sampler
US6622554B2 (en) 2001-06-04 2003-09-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Open hole formation testing
US7083009B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2006-08-01 Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. Pressure controlled fluid sampling apparatus and method
US8118098B2 (en) 2006-05-23 2012-02-21 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Flow control system and method for use in a wellbore
US8196668B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2012-06-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for completing a well
CN108166974B (zh) * 2016-12-06 2022-02-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 与射孔联作的测试取样一体化的装置
US11193358B2 (en) * 2018-01-31 2021-12-07 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Firing head assembly, well completion device with a firing head assembly and method of use
CN117684921B (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-04-23 新疆石油管理局有限公司 连续油管页岩储层深穿透脉冲射流钻孔装置及使用方法

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US2441894A (en) * 1941-09-05 1948-05-18 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Flexible packer tester
US3273647A (en) * 1963-08-19 1966-09-20 Halliburton Co Combination well testing and treating apparatus
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EP0255976A2 (fr) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-17 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Echantillonneur pour fluide de formation

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US2441894A (en) * 1941-09-05 1948-05-18 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Flexible packer tester
US3273647A (en) * 1963-08-19 1966-09-20 Halliburton Co Combination well testing and treating apparatus
US3388741A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-06-18 Schlumberger Technology Corp Methods for drill stem testing
US3373604A (en) * 1966-02-14 1968-03-19 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Formation pressure-testing apparatus
US3422896A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-01-21 Schlumberger Technology Corp Apparatus for use in drill stem testing
US4006630A (en) * 1976-05-26 1977-02-08 Atlantic Richfield Company Well testing apparatus
EP0137735A2 (fr) * 1983-09-23 1985-04-17 Halliburton Company Dispositif d'échantillonnage de fluides de puits commandé par pression de l'annulaire
EP0255976A2 (fr) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-17 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Echantillonneur pour fluide de formation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO882693D0 (no) 1988-06-17
DE3884677D1 (de) 1993-11-11
EP0295922A3 (en) 1989-12-13
AU601591B2 (en) 1990-09-13
DE3884677T2 (de) 1994-02-03
NO882693L (no) 1988-12-20
CA1289464C (fr) 1991-09-24
EP0295922A2 (fr) 1988-12-21
AU1733388A (en) 1988-12-22

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