EP0291545B1 - Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine - Google Patents

Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0291545B1
EP0291545B1 EP87107217A EP87107217A EP0291545B1 EP 0291545 B1 EP0291545 B1 EP 0291545B1 EP 87107217 A EP87107217 A EP 87107217A EP 87107217 A EP87107217 A EP 87107217A EP 0291545 B1 EP0291545 B1 EP 0291545B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonation
chamber
differential
detonation chamber
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87107217A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0291545A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph S. Adams
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US06/703,821 priority Critical patent/US4665868A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87107217T priority patent/ATE62726T1/de
Priority to EP87107217A priority patent/EP0291545B1/de
Priority to DE8787107217T priority patent/DE3769470D1/de
Publication of EP0291545A1 publication Critical patent/EP0291545A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0291545B1 publication Critical patent/EP0291545B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a repeating detonation device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of purging and recharging a detonation chamber of a repeating detonation device according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • a repeating detonation device of that kind is known from US-A-4 599 861.
  • This known repeating detonation device comprises a detonation chamber, a valved exhaust passageway from said detonation chamber and a recharging system using a differential free piston driven by a detonation for reciprocation within a differential cylinder.
  • a drawback of this known detonation device lies therein that the power output of each detonation is not efficient.
  • Tool 10 as shown in FIG. 1, is a hand-held fastener driving tool that conveniently illustrates a preferred way of applying the present invention to a practical purpose.
  • the invention is not limited to fastener tools and applies to detonation devices used for other purposes.
  • a detonation in detonation chamber 20 of device 10 is accomplished by an ignition chamber 25 as explained more fully below. But for some fuels and some circumstances, a detonation in chamber 20 can be initiated by a spark or flame not produced by ignition chamber 25.
  • Tool 10 has a housing 11, a handle 12, a trigger 13, a fastener driver 14, and a fuel supply 15, all of which are schematically or partially illustrated as conventional components of a fastener driving tool.
  • the improvement lies in a purging and recharging system using a differential piston 30 and associated valving and passageways that cooperate to accomplish effective purging and recharging for rapidly repeating detonations of improved efficiency.
  • Differential piston 30 is a free piston and moves in a differential cylinder having a smaller bore 31 and a larger bore 32.
  • Differential piston 30 also includes upstanding sidewalls forming a cylinder, as it were, within the piston. This inner cylinder or expansion chamber surrounds and is spaced from the wall 21 of detonation chamber 20.
  • An inside bottom surface 33 of differential piston 30 forms a power piston that is driven downward by a detonation from chamber 20.
  • a one-way seal 34 around an outer surface of differential piston 30 moves in smaller cylinder 31 to operate as a pump piston. Air is admitted to smaller cylinder 31 via an opening 35 covered by a one-way check valve 36 that lets air flow into cylinder 31 and blocks air outflow.
  • pump seal 34 moves downward on a power stroke, air in smaller cylinder 31 is compressed and escapes past seal 34 toward a plenum 16 in handle 12 where the compressed air is stored for recharging purposes.
  • pump seal 34 draws more air into smaller cylinder 31 via passageway 35 and check valve 36.
  • a seal 37 runs in larger cylinder 32.
  • a displacer piston surface 38 Above seal 37 is a displacer piston surface 38, and below seal 37 is a return surface 39.
  • displacer 38 draws in purging air via an air inlet opening 40 and a one-way seal 41. This purging air is drawn into larger cylinder 32 around the outside of detonation chamber wall 21 where it absorbs some heat transmitted through wall 21.
  • a seal 42 engaging the inside of differential piston 30 cooperates with seal 37 around the outside of differential piston 30 so that purging air drawn into larger bore 32 on a power stroke of differential piston 30 is pumped into detonation chamber 20 on a return stroke. This is possible because of a fluid flow passageway 43 formed between chamber wall 21 and the inside of differential piston 30 and passageways 44 arranged inside of seal 42 and having check valves 45.
  • a return stroke of differential piston 30 is caused partly by a vacuum that occurs after a detonation in chamber 20 and partly by recharging air that is compressed in plenum 16 during a power stroke.
  • the compressed recharging air exerts force on return surface 39 to lift differential piston 30 to its uppermost position where seal 37 enters into port 47 and disengages from larger cylinder 32.
  • Such an arrangement also allows the compressed recharging air to fill chamber 20 with air at more than atmospheric pressure, which can substantially increase the force of a detonation.
  • An exhaust system cooperates with differential piston 30 for exhausting burnt gases and some of the purging air to keep chamber 20 adequately cool, fully exhausted, and fully recharged with fresh air.
  • Exhaust valve 50 controls an exhaust passageway 51 and is operated by a diaphragm 52 that is subject to the pressure of the compressed recharging air in plenum 16 as shown by the broken line arrow. It has been found that it is desirable to open exhaust valve 50 rapidly at the end of a power stroke so as to vent exhaust gases and residual heat as quickly as possible. Using the rising pressure of the recharging air that is compressed in plenum 16 on a power stroke to open exhaust valve 50 toward the end of a power stroke accomplishes this.
  • exhaust valve 50 When exhaust valve 50 opens, a pin 53 extending downward from exhaust valve 50 opens a check valve 55 covering opening 23 in detonation plate 22. This opens an exhaust route through valve 55, opening 23, ignition chamber 25, and exhaust passageway 51, venting both detonation chamber 20 and ignition chamber 25 to exhaust.
  • Check valve 55 is loosely mounted on screws 54 and blocks any backflow of fluid or flame from detonation chamber 20 through opening 23 during a detonation. This improves the force and efficiency of a detonation. It is believed that this is due to the fact that ignition in chamber 25 forces some unburned fuel/air mixture into detonation chamber 20 ahead of a flame jet injected through opening 23. Then when the flame jet detonates the fuel/air mixture in detonation chamber 20, the force of the detonation slams check valve 55 closed over opening 23, trapping all the available fuel and air in chamber 20 for a more forceful detonation. Also, blocking any escape route through detonation plate 22 by the closure of check valve 55 forces the full detonation energy through the output from chamber 20 against power piston surface 33.
  • check valve 55 Another function of check valve 55 is to divert a flame jet from ignition chamber 25 through opening 23 so that the flame spreads radially outward along detonation plate 22 toward the periphery of detonation chamber 20. There, a deflector surface 56 directs the radially spreading flame axially of detonation chamber 20 for an effective ignition.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative check valve arrangement as shown in FIG. 3 uses three reed valves 57 overlapping each other and covering opening 23 in detonation plate 22. Reed valves 57 not only cooperte to serve as check valves over opening 23, but also divide an incoming flame jet into three radial segments flowing in the spaces between reed valves 57 and deflected axially of detonation chamber 20 by peripheral deflector surfaces 58.
  • FIG. 4 Another reed check valve arrangement for detonation plate 22 as shown in FIG. 4 uses three reed valves 59 covering three openings 24 formed around the periphery of detonation plate 22.
  • reed valves 59 are forced open by flames injecting into the detonation chamber through openings 24, reed valves 59 deflect each flame jet from an axial path and make the flame jets swirl helically around the periphery of detonation chamber 20 for a fast and effective initiation of a detonation.
  • Reed valves 59 also check any backflow of fuel or flame through openings 24 during a detonation.
  • Piston 60 can be moved in handle 12 by knob 61 for manually pumping up the pressure of recharging air in plenum 16 for an initial detonation after which detonations can be repeated automatically and indefinitely. Air enters through opening 35 and check valve 36 as this occurs.
  • Trigger 13 delivers a spark to spark plug 17 in ignition chamber 25 as schematically shown by a broken line arrow.
  • An arrangement not shown injects fuel from container 15 into ignition chamber 25, also as schematically shown by a broken line arrow.
  • differential piston 30 The purging and recharging accomplished by differential piston 30 and its associated valves and passageways assures that adequate air is forced through detonation chamber 20 and ignition chamber 25 to purge exhaust gases and prevent heat build-up.
  • the rapid action of the exhaust system in response to compressed recharging air cooperates to help make this possible.
  • the recharging air pumped in by differential piston 30 and compressed during a power stroke also provides piston return force and ensures an adequate volume of recharging air, which can be compressed above atomospheric pressure to improve performance in detonation chamber 20.
  • Fuel injection and spark ignition then ready tool 10 for an automatically repeatable detonation.
  • Check valving the flame injection opening through detonation plate 22 not only cooperates with the exhaust system, but also increases the force of a detonation. This cooperates with the purging and recharging system to produce a large driving force from a small detonation chamber to increase the efficiency of the device.

Claims (11)

  1. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung mit einer Brennkammer (20), einem ventilgesteuerten Abgaskanal (51) aus der Brennkammer und einem Nachfüllsystem, das einen durch eine Detonation zur Hin- und Herbewegung innerhalb eines Stufenzylinders (31, 32) angetriebenen Stufen-Freikolben (30) benutzt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    [a] der Stufenzylinder (31, 32) die Brennkammer (20) mit einem dazwischenliegenden ringförmigen Zwischenraum umschließt,
    [b] der Kopf des stufen-Freikolbens (30) sich aufwärts in den ringförmigen Zwischenraum erstreckende Seitenwände aufweist, wodurch ein Schöpfraum abgegrenzt wird, der über eine begrenzte Öffnung mit der Brennkammer (20) in Verbindung steht und der zur Hin- und Herbewegung relativ zu der Brennkammer (20) angeordnet ist, wobei die Seitenwände einen Strömungskanal (43-45) um die Außenfläche der Brennkammer (20) herum bilden und der Stufen-Freikolben (30) durch eine Detonation aus der Brennkammer (20) angetrieben wird, und
    [c] der Stufen-Freikolben zudem
    [c1] eine Pumpoberfläche mit einer Ventilanordnung (34), die Nachfülluft aus einer Verlängerung (31) des Stufenzylinders unterhalb der Brennkammer (20) verdichtet,
    [c2] eine Verdrängerkolbenoberfläche (38) an der Spitze der sich aufwärts erstreckenden Seitenwände, die über eine Ventilanordnung an der Spitze des Stufenzylinders (31, 32) Kühl- und Abgas-Reinigungsluft in den die Brennkammer (20) umschließenden ringförmigen Zwischenraum einzieht, und
    [c3] eine Rückgangsoberfläche aufweist, die bei einem Kolbenrückgang des Stufen-Freikolbens (30) aufgrund der verdichteten Nachfülluft die Reinigungsluft durch den Strömungskanal (43-45) in die Brennkammer (20) drückt und die nach Beendigung des Kolbenrückgangs Verbrennungsluft für den nächsten Arbeitshub über einen vergrößerten Abschnitt (47) des Stufenzylinders (31, 32) liefert.
  2. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Brennkammer (20) von einer Zündkammer (25) durch ein Detonationsblech (22) getrennt ist, das eine Öffnung (23) aufweist, durch die ein Flammenstrahl aus der Zündkammer (25) zu einem Wandungsabschnitt der Brennkammer (20) gelangen kann.
  3. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    ein Rückschlagventil (55), das zum Umlenken des Flammenstrahls aus der Zündkammer (25) zu einem Wandungsabschnitt der Brennkammer (20) angeordnet ist.
  4. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Brennkammer (20) eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen (24) zum Einlaß einer Vielzahl von Flammenstrahlen in die Brennkammer (20) aufweist.
  5. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    ein Rückschlagventilsystem (57; 59), dessen Anordnung zuläßt, daß während einer Zündung die Flammenstrahlen durch die Öffnungen (24) strömen, und verhindert, daß während einer Detonation Fluid und Flammen aus der Brennkammer (20) durch die Öffnungen (24) in die Zündkammer (25) zurückströmen.
  6. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    das Rückschlagventilsystem (57; 59) zum Umlenken des Flammenstrahls aus der Zündkammer (25) zu einem Wandungsabschnitt (56) der Brennkammer (20) angeordnet ist.
  7. Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    ein Abgasventil (50) in dem ventilgesteuerten Abgaskanal (51) eine Membran (52), die die Öffnung des Abgasventils (50) steuert, und eine Einrichtung enthält, die zum Steuern des Abgasventils die verdichtete Nachfülluft mit der Membran (52) verbindet.
  8. Verfahren zum Reinigen und Nachfüllen einer Brennkammer (20) einer Mehrfachdetonationsvorrichtung, die einen ventilgesteuerten Abgaskanal (51) aus der Brennkammer und einen durch eine Detonation zur Hin- und Herbewegung innerhalb eines Stufenzylinders (31, 32) angetriebenen Stufen-Freikolben (30) umfaßt,
    gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
    [a] Fluid durch einen Einlaßkanal zwischen der Brennkammer (20) und dem Stufenkolben (30) zum Reinigen und Nachfüllen der Brennkammer (20) strömen zu lassen, und
    [b] ein Ventilsystems zu betreiben, das mit Oberflächen des Stufenkolbens (30) und des Stufenzylinders (31, 32) derart zusammenwirkt, daß
    [b1] durch einen Arbeitshub, bei dem der Stufenkolben (30) durch eine Detonation aus der Brennkammer (20) angetrieben wird, eine Seite des Stufenkolbens (30) Nachfülluft verdichtet und eine andere Seite des Stufenkolbens (30) Reinigungsluft einzieht,
    [b2] durch einen Rückgang des Stufenkolbens (30) aufgrund der verdichteten Nachfülluft die Reinigungsluft durch den Einlaßkanal und in die Brennkammer (20) gedrückt wird, und
    [b3] bei Beendigung des Rückgangs die verdichtete Nachfülluft zum Nachfüllen der Brennkammer (20) mit Luft durch den Einlaßkanal und in die Brennkammer (20) strömt.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
    gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt,
    ein Abgasventil in dem Abgaskanal aus der Brennkammer (20) unter Bezug auf die Verdichtung der Nachfülluft während eines Endabschnitts des Arbeitshubs zu öffnen.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
    gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt,
    die Detonation mittels Einspritzen einer Flamme aus der Zündkammer (25) durch ein Detonationsblech (22) in die Brennkammer (20) einzuleiten.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
    gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt,
    die durch das Detonationsblech (22) tretende Flamme zu einem Wandungsabschnitt (56) der Brennkammer (20) zu lenken.
EP87107217A 1985-02-21 1987-05-18 Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine Expired EP0291545B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/703,821 US4665868A (en) 1985-02-21 1985-02-21 Differential piston and valving system for detonation device
AT87107217T ATE62726T1 (de) 1987-05-18 1987-05-18 Mehrfach detonationsmaschine.
EP87107217A EP0291545B1 (de) 1987-05-18 1987-05-18 Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine
DE8787107217T DE3769470D1 (de) 1987-05-18 1987-05-18 Mehrfach detonationsmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87107217A EP0291545B1 (de) 1987-05-18 1987-05-18 Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0291545A1 EP0291545A1 (de) 1988-11-23
EP0291545B1 true EP0291545B1 (de) 1991-04-17

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EP87107217A Expired EP0291545B1 (de) 1985-02-21 1987-05-18 Mehrfach Detonationsmaschine

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EP (1) EP0291545B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE62726T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3769470D1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008000909A1 (de) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-08 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftbetriebenes Setzgerät
WO2017045972A1 (de) * 2015-09-14 2017-03-23 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Brenngasbetriebenes eintreibgerät mit aufladung
EP3184249A1 (de) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-28 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Brenngasbetriebenes eintreibgerät mit aufladung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395688A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-08-06 Skil Corp Gasoline powered hammer
FR2001658B1 (de) * 1968-02-09 1975-07-04 B K
FR2463267A1 (fr) * 1979-08-08 1981-02-20 Liesse Maurice Generateur thermique d'impulsions
US4599861A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-07-15 Beaumont Richard W Internal combustion hydraulic engine

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Publication number Publication date
EP0291545A1 (de) 1988-11-23
ATE62726T1 (de) 1991-05-15
DE3769470D1 (de) 1991-05-23

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