EP0288476A1 - A method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method. - Google Patents
A method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method.Info
- Publication number
- EP0288476A1 EP0288476A1 EP87900340A EP87900340A EP0288476A1 EP 0288476 A1 EP0288476 A1 EP 0288476A1 EP 87900340 A EP87900340 A EP 87900340A EP 87900340 A EP87900340 A EP 87900340A EP 0288476 A1 EP0288476 A1 EP 0288476A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- medium
- heating
- metallic
- mode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007775 late Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004553 extrusion of metal Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for heating primarily so-called nozzles of the kind through which a hot med i um i n l i qui d phase or I n a l iqui d phase l i ke cond i t i on , such as molten metal , e . g . molten steel , is intended to pass .
- a hot medium of this kind which is intended to exit from a so-called nozzle or like device through an exit orifice provided therein and which medium shall be maintained at a pronounced elevated temperature may undergo radical local cooling as it passes through the nozzle, due to the lower temperature of the nozzle. This local cooling of the medium can give rise to serious disturbances in operation, such as blocking of the nozzle etc.
- This problem can be solved by heating the medium to a given over-temperature. Over-heating of the medium, however, is often unsuitable, inter alia for practical reasons.
- Another solution is one which involves pre ⁇ heating the nozzle, which is effected by indirect heating methods when practicing known techniques. It is difficult to pre-heat the nozzles in this way, how ⁇ ever, while at the same time taking into consideration the technical requirements placed on the nozzle with regard to mechanical strength and material.
- the present invention relates to a method and appara ⁇ tus with which the aforesaid problems are substantial ⁇ ly solved.
- the nozzle can be heated when metal runs through a nozzle and when no metal is present in the nozzle outlet passage.
- the invention relates to a method for heating primarily a so-called nozzle through which a hot medium in liquid phase or in a liquid phase like condition, such as molten metal, e.g. molten steel, is intended to pass in con ⁇ junction with casting or molding operations.
- a hot medium in liquid phase or in a liquid phase like condition such as molten metal, e.g. molten steel
- the method is particularly characterized by pre-heating the nozzle with the aid of microwaves prior to bringing the medium into contact with the nozzle and/or at least periodically while medium is passing therethrough, said nozzle incorporating material which exhibits a signifi ⁇ cant loss factor with regard to microwaves, and said heating being effected preferably in order to prevent blockages or the like occurring in the nozzle as a re- suit of a temperature decrease in the medium passing through the nozzle.
- the invention also relates to apparatus for heating primarily a so-called nozzle through which hot medium in liquid phase, or in a liquid phase like condition, such as molten metal, e.g. molten steel, is intended to pass in con ⁇ junction with a casting or molding operation.
- a so-called nozzle through which hot medium in liquid phase, or in a liquid phase like condition, such as molten metal, e.g. molten steel, is intended to pass in con ⁇ junction with a casting or molding operation.
- the apparatus is particularly characterized in that devices are provided for pre-heating the nozzle with the aid of microwaves prior to bringing the medium into contact with the nozzle and/or for heating the nozzle at least periodically during passage of the medium therethrough, said nozzle incorporating material which exhibits a significant loss factor with regard to microwaves, and said heating being effected preferably in order to avoid blockages and the like from occurring in the nozzle as a result of a temperature decrease in the medium passing therethrough.
- Figure 1 is a schematic, central, vertical sectional view of a first embodiment of a central part of appara ⁇ tus according to the invention, used in conjunction with a casting operation;
- Figure 2 illustrates schematically a second embodiment of a central part of an apparatus according to the invention, in conjunction with a casting operation
- Figure 3 illustrates schematically a third embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, seen in side view
- Figure 4 illustrates the apparatus shown in Figure 3 from beneath in said Figure.
- Figure 5 is a central, vertical sectional view illus ⁇ trating schematically an embodiment of the apparatus by means of which a nozzle is intended to be heated from the inside of a container vessel.
- the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 includes a micro ⁇ wave applicator 1 intended for heating a nozzle 2, said nozzle comprising a dielectric material exhibiting a significant loss factor with regard to microwaves and thus being heated by microwaves supplied thereto.
- the applicator 1 forms a microwave cavity 3.
- the reference 4 in Figure 1 identifies the opening of a container vessel 5, to which the nozzle 2 is connected, the nozzle being embodied in and therewith surrounded by a ceramic material 6, which preferably exhibits an extremely small loss factor, for instance solely Al-O.,. It is preferred in many cases that parts of the cavity are formed by means of metallic parts 7, such as parts 7 of a metallic net, for example a net comprising platinum wire, embodied in, such as cast In, the ceramic material surrounding the nozzle 2. In the illustrated embodiment the cavity 3 presents a downwardly widening metallic part 8. Supplementary parts 9 of insulating brick or the like may be required in many instances, in order to obtain a suitable arrangement.
- a hot medium 10 in liquid phase or in a liquid phase like condition such as molten metal 10, e.g. molten steel 10, is intended to pass through the nozzle 2, for instance in a casting or molding operation.
- the cavity 3 necessary for microwave heating processes is constructed so that the nozzle 2 can be heated both when metallic medium passes through the nozzle and also substantially in the absence of metallic medium in said nozzle, and so that in this regard mutually different oscillating modes can be applied, depending on the presence or absence of metallic medium.
- the cavity 3 has a substantially circular cross-section, in a plane extending at right angles to the longitudi- nal axis of the nozzle, i.e. to the direction in which the through-passage 2 * of the nozzle extends therethrough when the nozzle is mounted in the cavity in the manner intended.
- the reference 11 identifies a waveguide ex ⁇ tending substantially radially into the cavity for supplying microwaves, said waveguide preferably having a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the cavity is pref ⁇ erably constructed to oscillate in a coaxial mode, a first mode, when metallic medium is present in the nozzle, and in a second mode when substantially no metallic medium is present in the nozzle.
- the cavity is preferably constructed so that said second mode is a cylindrical oscillating mode, preferably a mode, such as TM 010, whose resonance frequency is independent of the length of the cavity, while the diameter is determined by the resonance frequency.
- the cavity preferably has a length which corresponds essentially to half the wave ⁇ length of the intended microwaves.
- the diameter and the length of the cavity are determined by the two oscillating modes per se.
- the mode TM 010 is written as TM Q1Q in ⁇ stead.
- the nozzle 12 includes a free, outwardly projecting part 13 which ex ⁇ tends down from the opening 15 of a container vessel 14.
- An applicator 16 is arranged to form a cavity 17 having preferably a substantially cylindrical cross- section at right angles to the direction in which the nozzle part 13 extends, said nozzle part protruding into the cavity 17.
- the reference 18 identifies a waveguide corresponding to the waveguide 11 in Figure 1.
- the applicator etc. illus ⁇ trated in Figure 2 is preferably constructed in the man- ner of the applicator illustrated in Figure 1, i.e. so that the nozzle 2 can be heated irrespective of whether molten metal 19 or the like flows therethrough or not.
- the ap ⁇ plicator 20 incorporated in the apparatus is not connect- ed directly to a container vessel or the like.
- a cavity 21 formed by means of the applicator accommodates a noz ⁇ zle 22 through which medium of the aforesaid kind is in ⁇ tended to be passed for, e.g., shaping purposes, such as surface smoothing purposes, wherewith the medium may be in the form of an elongated object 23, which is either homogenous or hollow tubular or derplex having a central material part 23', as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
- the applicator 20 is constructed to oscillate in modes which enable the nozzle 22 to be heated irrespective of whether metallic material is passing therethrough or not.
- the reference 24 identifies two end covers provided with apertures 25, while the reference 26 identifies a microwave feed waveguide that extends substantially ra ⁇ dially to the cavity.
- Figure 5 illustrates an arrangement which is intended particularly for heating a nozzle 27 comprising a ceramic material which exhibits a significant loss factor and which is intended to be heated by microwaves.
- Auxiliary devices comprising a substantially cylindrical waveguide 28 for microwaves are arranged to be inserted into a container vessel 29, such as a ladle, and to be connected at one end part 30 thereof to the nozzle 27, this end part of the waveguide 19 contributing towards forming a cavity 31, in accordance with one embodiment of the in ⁇ vention.
- the wave- guide 28 may be cooled in some suitable manner, e.g. water cooled, and may be covered externally with an in ⁇ sulating material.
- the reference 32 identifies a micro ⁇ wave generator which is connected to the upper part 33 of the waveguide.
- the reference 34 identifies a metallic lid.
- the nozzle is conveniently embraced by a bush 35 made of a material which will not be heated to any ap ⁇ preciable extent by microwaves.
- a guard 36 Located beneath the noz ⁇ zle is a guard 36, preferably a metallic guard, which protects against leakage of microwaves.
- the waveguide, substantially having the construction shown in Figure 5 has an an ⁇ tenna affect and contributes towards transmitting micro ⁇ waves to the nozzle without cooperating in forming a cavity to this end.
- the material incorporated in the nozzle such as 2, 12, 27, to be heated in accordance with the invention is selected in accordance with the use for which the nozzle is intended.
- the nozzle is suitably made of a ceramic material.
- the nozzle comprises a ceramic material that exhibits a significant loss factor with regard to microwaves, such as ZrO-, this ceramic material prefer ⁇ ably forming those parts of the nozzle that come into contact with the molten medium.
- the nozzle may comprise or consist of some other dielectric material that can be heated effectively with microwaves.
- the nozzle is heated directly with the aid of microwaves prior to hot medium being passed through the nozzle and/or while hot medium is passing through said nozzle, thereby providing a flexible and particularly useful heating arrangement.
- the conditions under which microwave heating is effected are suitably adapted in a manner which enables heating to be effected in both of said heating situa ⁇ tions, there being employed a first oscillating mode when molten medium flows through the nozzle and a sec ⁇ ond, different oscillating mode when substatially no molten medium is present in the nozzle.
- This enables the microwave heating apparatus to be used in both of the aforesaid heating situations, which is an essential step forward with regard to known applicator designs, which afford effective heating in only one of the afore ⁇ said situations.
- a plurality of nozzle materials or nozzle components are embraced within the framework of the overall function, i.e.. the ability of the material to be heated with the aid of microwaves.
- Zirconium dioxide (ZrO-,) is one example of a suitable ceramic material for ceramic nozzles or for ceramic nozzle components.
- Suitable materials have been found to be ceramic materials based on ZrO_ or A1-0-. supplemented with some other oxidic material or materials, such as MgO, SiOfact, Fe-,0.,. Extraordinary possibilities are to be found for controlling heating through the selection of material exhibiting mutually different loss factors, and by mixing mutually different components, e.g. ceramic components.
- the material from which the nozzle is made or from which parts of the nozzle are made is selected in this regard.
- the so-called nozzle may, for example, comprise a shaping tool, e.g. a matrix or die in the extrusion of metal profiles, such as tubular profiles or other hollow profiles.
- the nozzle may also constitute a tool for the direct casting of wire rod, essentially in accordance with Swedish Patent Speci- fication 8003487-9, in which case heating of the nozzle, or die, is preferably effected in the form of a nozzle pre-heat prior to passing molten medium therethrough, and as back-up heat during a casting operation, thereby controlling the temperature of the nozzle, for example, in order to prevent blockages from occurring therein.
- the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 also has a stabi ⁇ lizing wire 10' extending through the nozzle.
- additional fields in which the invention can be applied include nozzle heating processes, both pre-heating and back-up heating, in more general casting operations, such as continuous casting operations.
- the aforesaid medium is, for instance, a plastics material.
- the in- vention is therefore not limited to metallic materials, such as steel.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Procédé pour chauffer une buse (2) devant être traversée par un milieu chaud (10) en phase liquide ou dans un état ressemblant à la phase liquide, comme un métal en fusion, par exemple de l'acier en fusion, la traversée étant accompagnée d'une opération de coulée ou de moulage. Le procédé est caractérisé en particulier en ce que la buse (2) est préchauffée avant d'être mise en contact avec le milieu (10) et/ou est chauffée au moins périodiquement pendant que le milieu traverse la buse. Cette dernière est chauffée à l'aide de micro-ondes et la buse comporte des matériaux présentant un facteur de perte significatif en ce qui concerne les micro-ondes. On chauffe la buse de préférence afin d'en éviter le bouchage ou des difficultés analogues dues à la chute de température dudit milieu traversant la buse. On décrit également un appareillage propre à la réalisation dudit procédé.Method for heating a nozzle (2) to be passed through by a hot medium (10) in the liquid phase or in a state resembling the liquid phase, such as a molten metal, for example molten steel, the crossing being accompanied a casting or molding operation. The method is characterized in particular in that the nozzle (2) is preheated before being brought into contact with the medium (10) and/or is heated at least periodically while the medium passes through the nozzle. The latter is heated using microwaves and the nozzle contains materials with a significant loss factor with respect to microwaves. The nozzle is preferably heated in order to avoid clogging or similar difficulties due to the drop in temperature of said medium passing through the nozzle. An apparatus suitable for carrying out said method is also described.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87900340T ATE74808T1 (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1986-12-29 | PROCESS FOR HEATING NOZZLES AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THEM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8506160A SE457621B (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1985-12-30 | PROCEDURES AND DEVICES FOR HEATING NOZZLE OR DRYING |
SE8506160 | 1985-12-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0288476A1 true EP0288476A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
EP0288476B1 EP0288476B1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
Family
ID=20362619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87900340A Expired EP0288476B1 (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1986-12-29 | A method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4897112A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0288476B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63503292A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE74808T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3684929D1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE457621B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1987004100A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE503737C2 (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1996-08-19 | Sven Torbjoern Ekerot | Method and apparatus for direct casting of metals into elongated bodies |
US5186886A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1993-02-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Composite nozzle assembly for conducting a flow of molten metal in an electromagnetic valve |
KR101207757B1 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-12-03 | 주식회사 포스코 | Nozzle Apparatus for Molten Steel |
KR101195225B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-10-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Blast furnace with no emission of carbon dioxide using microwave |
JP6432427B2 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-12-05 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Microwave heating apparatus and microwave heating method |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3847202A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1974-11-12 | Trw Inc | Microwave dewaxing |
US3891510A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-06-24 | Drostholm F H | Integrated apparatus for distilling batches of contaminated solvents |
JPS5321204B2 (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1978-07-01 | ||
FR2275560A1 (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1976-01-16 | Anvar | IMPROVEMENTS IN DEGASING LIQUID METALS, ESPECIALLY LIQUID STEEL, BY VACUUM JET |
FR2393255A1 (en) * | 1977-03-15 | 1978-12-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Microwave high temp. heating chamber - consisting of a refractory envelope with an interior coating of conductive material |
JPS55143380A (en) * | 1979-04-21 | 1980-11-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Microwave batch melting furnace |
GB2122859B (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1985-10-02 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating |
SE454208B (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1988-04-11 | Asea Ab | SET FOR SEPARATION OF INCLUSIONS IN METAL MELTER AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SET |
-
1985
- 1985-12-30 SE SE8506160A patent/SE457621B/en unknown
-
1986
- 1986-12-29 DE DE8787900340T patent/DE3684929D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-29 US US07/213,612 patent/US4897112A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-12-29 AT AT87900340T patent/ATE74808T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-29 EP EP87900340A patent/EP0288476B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-29 JP JP62500501A patent/JPS63503292A/en active Pending
- 1986-12-29 WO PCT/SE1986/000588 patent/WO1987004100A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8704100A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0288476B1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
WO1987004100A1 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
SE8506160D0 (en) | 1985-12-30 |
SE8506160L (en) | 1987-07-01 |
SE457621B (en) | 1989-01-16 |
DE3684929D1 (en) | 1992-05-21 |
ATE74808T1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
JPS63503292A (en) | 1988-12-02 |
US4897112A (en) | 1990-01-30 |
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