EP0280861B1 - Method and device for cutting materials by using a fluid jet - Google Patents

Method and device for cutting materials by using a fluid jet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280861B1
EP0280861B1 EP88100857A EP88100857A EP0280861B1 EP 0280861 B1 EP0280861 B1 EP 0280861B1 EP 88100857 A EP88100857 A EP 88100857A EP 88100857 A EP88100857 A EP 88100857A EP 0280861 B1 EP0280861 B1 EP 0280861B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
fluid
fluid jet
order
abrasive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP88100857A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0280861A1 (en
Inventor
Juergen Uehlin
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PRO-REAL PROJEKTIERUNG+REALISIERUNG GmbH
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PRO-REAL PROJEKTIERUNG+REALISIERUNG GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B26F2003/006—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet having a shutter or water jet deflector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cutting materials by means of a cutting jet from a liquid which is mixed with abrasive substances, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • DE-A 1 808 455 It is known from DE-A 1 808 455 to increase the cutting performance of a water jet by periodically interrupting the water jet by a rotating perforated disk. From DE-A 3 034 753 it is also known for the pulsating interruption of the liquid jet an energy-rich, massless beam, such as e.g. to use a reader beam, the energy of which causes vapor bubbles in the liquid jet to produce cavitations.
  • a disadvantage of this system is that the abrasive substances accumulate only at the edge areas of the water jet or the substances are only detected and accelerated by the circumference of the water jet. A channel is thus formed in the abrasive material which is sucked in, possibly to be penetrated and made available in the mass. In addition, wet lumps can form in the nozzle, which hinder operation.
  • abrasive substances to the pressurized water has the disadvantage that the pipes and the nozzle are destroyed by constant grinding. It was therefore proposed to add the substances behind the nozzle to the jet. To achieve a high cutting performance, the impact energy must be high. This depends directly on the mass of the particles and their speed. In the known system, the achievable speed of the abrasive materials is 130 to 150 m / sec. This low value can no longer be increased in the conventional way.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve considerably higher cutting forces with this separation system while the drive power remains the same, or to obtain larger cutting forces with a reduced drive power, since safety aspects must also be taken into account here.
  • the invention provides that the jet of the liquid is interrupted before and for mixing with the abrasive in a continuous flow and the top surface of the interrupted jet hits the abrasive provided in a thin layer and accelerates suddenly.
  • the same, possibly somewhat weaker effect occurs if, instead of interrupting the continuous flow, it is only reduced for a short time.
  • a constant impulse will now hit the workpiece to be cut, and the cutting beam will then be mixed with the abrasive material over its entire cross-section (head area). With a constant jet exit speed, this results in a significantly higher output of the cutting jet. With this strong impulse, a thicker workpiece and even steel can now be cut more quickly.
  • the available water pressure can also be reduced, the drive power, i.e. energy, can be reduced, in any case the risk to be observed from safety aspects when cutting with a water jet, not to mention the manufacturing cost of such a cutting system.
  • the abrasive material could advantageously flow past the liquid jet or flow in and out of the liquid jet, only parts of this then being separated from this abrasive material flow.
  • the liquid jet itself can also be rhythmically interrupted in various ways.
  • To interrupt an object that moves continuously or discontinuously can be moved into the flow path. It is particularly simple if air or steam bubbles are continuously generated in order to interrupt the liquid jet. This is possible, for example, by means of an arc that is briefly generated in the liquid jet.
  • a system for cutting with a liquid jet consists of a pump unit 1, in which the water 2 flowing in without pressure is compressed to a pressure of 4000 bar. The water then passes through a pipeline into a cutting unit 3, which is controlled by a control unit 4. A cutting table 5 is then also arranged in the direction of the water outlet, in which the leaked water is also collected.
  • the cutting unit required here is shown more completely in FIG. 2.
  • the pressurized cutting water emerges from a nozzle 6, which is held in a nozzle body 7 with an adjoining, defined long guide channel 8.
  • the nozzle body 7 is held in a screwable holder 9 in such a way that it can be easily replaced.
  • a perforated disk is rotatably mounted, which is shown in the top view from FIG. 2.1.
  • a turbine wheel instead of the perforated disk 10, a turbine wheel according to FIGS. 2.2 and 2.3 can also be used.
  • the perforated disc must be driven, while the turbine wheel is driven automatically by the inclination of the blades 11 after the cutting beam strikes.
  • the abrasive material is still to be made available further below the perforated disc 10 or the like.
  • a tube 12 is provided in FIG. 2, through which the abrasive material flows continuously.
  • a transverse bore 13 is also arranged in the tube 12, through which the interrupted liquid jet hits the provided abrasive material, takes it along and carries it to the workpiece 14 to be cut.
  • the liquid jet emerges from the tube 12, it is expedient to focus the jet again through a nozzle 13 '.
  • the abrasive material continuously flows past the interrupted liquid jet.
  • a free abrasive jet can also be directed into the movement path of the liquid jet.
  • the abrasive material flows in continuously, but into a hollow disc 15, which is open at the top for supplying the abrasive material, but is closed in the outer edge area so that the abrasive material builds up there.
  • holes 16 in the upper and lower floor similar to the device according to FIG. 2.1, through which the liquid jet is to pass as described above.
  • the liquid jet coming from above is also interrupted mechanically, but with a type of impeller with three or four crosspieces 17 which, when the impeller is rotated, divides the liquid jet coming along the arrow.
  • the duration of the interruption can be controlled. Only a reduction in the beam is also possible here.
  • the example according to FIG. 6 represents an oscillating pendulum with two inclined surfaces 20 directed towards one another, which are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the liquid jet hits one of the inclined surfaces and thus causes the suspended (not shown) oscillating mass to oscillate.
  • the frequency of the beam interruption or reduction can be controlled with the distance 21 of the two inclined surfaces 20.
  • FIG. 7 shows examples of interrupting or reducing the liquid jet that work with electricity.
  • a piezo bar is used for this purpose, which oscillates back and forth on electrical activation due to the piezoelectric properties of the crystals used.
  • an electromagnet with alternating current provides for the reciprocating movement of the rotor 24 in accordance with the frequency of the alternating current.
  • an electrically controlled valve (not shown) can also be used in particular to reduce the liquid jet.
  • FIG. 8 shows a completely different interruption of the liquid jet.
  • a unit 25 is switched into the line system of the pressurized water, with which an arc can be generated from tube wall to tube wall. Voltage is thus applied to the poles and an electric arc is generated which instantaneously causes the water flowing through to evaporate. This creates a vapor bubble in the water, which causes the desired jet interruption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

All kinds of material, apart from particularly solid or hard materials such as steel, can be cut with a fine water jet. The cutting efficiency can be increased by adding abrasives to the water. The abrasive speeds attainable are insufficient, however, to sever steel, for example. According to the invention, this is possible, however, when the jet of fluid is interrupted or at least reduced preferably before mixing with the abrasive and only then brought into contact with the abrasive. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Schneiden von Materialien mittels eines Scheidstrahles aus einer Flüssigkeit, die mit Abrasivstoffen vermischt ist, und auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for cutting materials by means of a cutting jet from a liquid which is mixed with abrasive substances, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Es ist bekannt, mittels Wasserstrahl Materialien außer Stahl zu schneiden. Dazu wird z. B. Leitungswasser in Trinkwasserqualität auf hohen Druck gebracht. Mit einem Druck von etwa 4'000 bar wird das Wasser in eine Düse mit einem kleinen Durchmesser von etwa 0,15 mm gedrückt. Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Flüssigkeitsstrahles ist dann etwa 700 m/sec. Nach relativ kurzer Flugstrecke von einem cm beginnt sich der Strahl aufzulösen. Durch Luftreibung wird der äußere Strahlmantel in kleine Wirbelstrecken zerlegt und in einzelne Tröpfchen aufgeteilt. Diese einzelnen Tröpfchen sind für die "Zerstörungsleistung" des Wasserstrahls verantwortlich. Sie bringen eine dreimal höhere Energieabgabe an die Auftreffstelle. Wenn der Abstand Düse-Trennstelle größer wird, z. B. 5 cm, sind die einzelnen Tröpfchen nicht mehr in der Lage, viel Arbeit zu leisten, da ihre Geschwindigkeit jetzt schon zu gering ist.It is known to use water jets to cut materials other than steel. For this, z. B. Tap water in drinking water quality brought to high pressure. At a pressure of around 4,000 bar, the water is pressed into a nozzle with a small diameter of around 0.15 mm. The exit velocity of the liquid jet is then about 700 m / sec. After a relatively short flight distance of one cm, the beam begins to dissolve. The outer jet jacket is broken down into small vortex sections by air friction and divided into individual droplets. These individual droplets are responsible for the "destructive power" of the water jet. They bring three times more energy to the point of impact. If the distance between the nozzle and the separation point increases, e.g. B. 5 cm, the individual droplets are no longer able to do a lot of work, since their speed is already too low.

Es ist durch die DE-A 1 808 455 bekannt, die Schneidleistung eines Wasserstrahls zu erhöhen, indem der Wasserstrahl durch eine sich drehende Lochscheibe periodisch unterbrochen wird. Durch die DE-A 3 034 753 ist es auch bekannt, zum pulsierenden Unterbrechen des Flüssigkeitsstrahls ein energiereiches, masseloses Strahlenbündel, wie z.B. einen Leserstrahl, zu verwenden, mit dessen Energie Dampfblasen im Flüssigkeitsstrahl zur Erzeugung von Kavitationen verursacht werden .It is known from DE-A 1 808 455 to increase the cutting performance of a water jet by periodically interrupting the water jet by a rotating perforated disk. From DE-A 3 034 753 it is also known for the pulsating interruption of the liquid jet an energy-rich, massless beam, such as e.g. to use a reader beam, the energy of which causes vapor bubbles in the liquid jet to produce cavitations.

Es ist durch die DE-A 2 928 698 weiterhin bekannt, die Schneidleistung des Wasserstrahls durch Zugabe von Abrasivstoffen zu erhöhen. Die dazu vorgeschlagene Düse arbeitet nach dem Wasserstrahlpumpensystem, wobei der Unterdruck aufgrund des durch eine Mischkammer strömenden Wasserstrahls den Abrasivstoff ansaugt. Die Abrasivstoffe werden in der Mischkammer beschleunigt und geben ihre kinetische Energie an der Auftreffstelle ab. Selbst ein harter Werkstoff wie Stahl kann auf diese Weise geschnitten werden.It is also known from DE-A 2 928 698 to increase the cutting power of the water jet by adding abrasives. The nozzle proposed for this purpose works according to the water jet pump system, the negative pressure sucking in the abrasive material due to the water jet flowing through a mixing chamber. The abrasive substances are accelerated in the mixing chamber and release their kinetic energy at the point of impact. Even a hard material like steel can be cut in this way.

Nachteilig an diesem System ist, daß die Abrasivstoffe sich lediglich an den Randbereichen des Wasserstrahls anreichern bzw. die Stoffe lediglich durch den Umfang des Wasserstrahls erfaßt und beschleunigt werden. Es bildet sich also ein Kanal in dem angesaugten, ggf. zu durchdringenden und in der Masse bereitgestellten Abrasivstoff. Außerdem können sich feuchte Klumpen in der Düse bilden, die den Betrieb behindern.A disadvantage of this system is that the abrasive substances accumulate only at the edge areas of the water jet or the substances are only detected and accelerated by the circumference of the water jet. A channel is thus formed in the abrasive material which is sucked in, possibly to be penetrated and made available in the mass. In addition, wet lumps can form in the nozzle, which hinder operation.

Die Beigabe von Abrasivstoffen ins Druckwasser hat den Nachteil, daß die Rohrleitungen und die Düse durch dauerndes Schleifen zerstört werden. Deshalb wurde vorgeschlagen, die Stoffe hinter der Düse dem Strahl beizugeben. Um eine hohe Schnittleistung zu erreichen, muß aber die Aufprallenergie hoch sein . Diese hängt direkt von der Masse der Partikel und deren Geschwindigkeit ab. Bei dem bekannten System liegt die erreichbare Geschwindigkeit der Abrasivstoffe bei 130 bis 150 m/sec. Dieser niedrige Wert kann auf die herkömmliche Weise nicht mehr erhöht werden.The addition of abrasive substances to the pressurized water has the disadvantage that the pipes and the nozzle are destroyed by constant grinding. It was therefore proposed to add the substances behind the nozzle to the jet. To achieve a high cutting performance, the impact energy must be high. This depends directly on the mass of the particles and their speed. In the known system, the achievable speed of the abrasive materials is 130 to 150 m / sec. This low value can no longer be increased in the conventional way.

Ausgehend von dem Verfahren anfangs genannter Art, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit diesem Trennsystem bei gleichbleibender Antriebsleistung erheblich höhere Schneidkräfte zu erzielen oder mit verminderter Antriebsleistung dennoch größere Schneidkräfte zu bekommen, da hier auch Sicherheitsaspekte zu berücksichtigen sind.Starting from the method mentioned at the beginning, the object of the invention is to achieve considerably higher cutting forces with this separation system while the drive power remains the same, or to obtain larger cutting forces with a reduced drive power, since safety aspects must also be taken into account here.

Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung vor, daß der Strahl der Flüssigkeit vor und zu dem Vermischen mit dem Abrasivstoff im kontinuierlichen Fluß unterbrochen wird und die Kopffläche des unterbrochenen Strahls den in dünner Schicht bereitgestellten Abrasivstoff trifft und schlagartig beschleunigt. Ein gleicher ggf. etwas schwächerer Effekt tritt ein, wenn statt der Unterbrechung des kontinuierlichen Flusses dieser nur kurzzeitig reduziert wird. Jedenfalls wird jetzt ein ständiger Impuls das zu schneidende Werkstück treffen, und zwar ist dann der Shneidstrahl über seinen ganzen Querschnitt (Kopfbereich) mit dem Abrasivstoff vermischt. Dies bewirkt bei gleichbleibender Strahlaustrittsgeschwindigkeit eine erheblich höhere Leistung des Schneidstrahls. Mit diesem starken Impuls kann jetzt schneller ein dickeres Werkstück und sogar Stahl einfacher geschnitten werden. Für den Fall, daß weichere Werkstücke behandelt werden sollen, kann aber auch der zur Verfügung gestellte Wasserdruck erniedrigt werden, die Antriebsleistung, sprich Energie, kann vermindert werden, jedenfalls erniedrigt sich die aus Sicherheitsaspekten zu beachtende Gefahr beim Schneiden mit Wasserstrahl, ganz zu schweigen von den Herstellungskosten einer solchen Schneidanlage.To achieve the object, the invention provides that the jet of the liquid is interrupted before and for mixing with the abrasive in a continuous flow and the top surface of the interrupted jet hits the abrasive provided in a thin layer and accelerates suddenly. The same, possibly somewhat weaker effect occurs if, instead of interrupting the continuous flow, it is only reduced for a short time. In any case, a constant impulse will now hit the workpiece to be cut, and the cutting beam will then be mixed with the abrasive material over its entire cross-section (head area). With a constant jet exit speed, this results in a significantly higher output of the cutting jet. With this strong impulse, a thicker workpiece and even steel can now be cut more quickly. In the event that softer workpieces are to be treated, the available water pressure can also be reduced, the drive power, i.e. energy, can be reduced, in any case the risk to be observed from safety aspects when cutting with a water jet, not to mention the manufacturing cost of such a cutting system.

Dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich auf vielfältige Weise durchführen. Der Abrasivstoff könnte mit Vorteil quer zum Flüssigkeitsstrahl vorbeifließen bzw. dem Flüssigkeitstrahl zu- und von diesem abströmen, wobei von diesem Abrasivstoffstrom dann nur Teile abgetrennt werden.This method according to the invention can be carried out in a variety of ways. The abrasive material could advantageously flow past the liquid jet or flow in and out of the liquid jet, only parts of this then being separated from this abrasive material flow.

Es ist auch sinnvoll, den Abrasivstoff kontinuierlich gegen ein Hindernise strömen zu lassen, damit er sich dort in dünner Schicht ablagert und von dort diskontinuierlich durch den Flüssigkeitsstrahl schlagartig beschleunigt wird.It also makes sense to let the abrasive flow continuously against an obstacle, so that it deposits there in a thin layer and from there is abruptly accelerated suddenly by the liquid jet.

Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl selbst kann ebenfalls auf verschiedenen Wegen rhythmisch unterbrochen werden. Zum Unterbrechen kann ein Gegenstand, der sich kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich bewegt, in die Fließbahn bewegt werden. Besonders einfach ist es, wenn zum Unterbrechen des Flüssigkeitsstrahls in diesem fortlaufend Luft- oder Dampfblasen erzeugt werden. Dies ist z B. mittels eines kurzzeitig im Flüssigkeitsstrahl erzeugten Lichtbogens möglich.The liquid jet itself can also be rhythmically interrupted in various ways. To interrupt, an object that moves continuously or discontinuously can be moved into the flow path. It is particularly simple if air or steam bubbles are continuously generated in order to interrupt the liquid jet. This is possible, for example, by means of an arc that is briefly generated in the liquid jet.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist anhand der Zeichnung an Ausführungsbeispielen eingehend beschrieben. Es wird hier auf diese Ausführungen Bezug genommen.The device for carrying out the method is described in detail with the aid of exemplary embodiments. Reference is made here to these statements.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 in prinzipmäßiger Darstellung eine Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Schneideinrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung die Austrittsstelle des Flüssigkeitstrahls aus der Düse und die Mischstation mit dem Abrasivstoff,
  • Fig. 3 ein Beispiel wie der Flüssigkeitsstrahl unterbrochen und gleich anschließend mit dem Abrasivstoff vermischt werden kann,
  • Fig. 4-6 Vorrichungen, mit denen der Flüssigkeitsstrahl mechanisch unterbrochen werden kann,
  • Fig. 7-9 Vorrichtungen, mit denen der Flüssigkeitsstrahl mit elektrischer Energie unterbrochen werden kann.
Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a liquid jet cutting device,
  • 2 is an enlarged view of the exit point of the liquid jet from the nozzle and the mixing station with the abrasive material,
  • 3 shows an example of how the liquid jet can be interrupted and then immediately mixed with the abrasive,
  • 4-6 devices with which the liquid jet can be interrupted mechanically,
  • Fig. 7-9 devices with which the liquid jet can be interrupted with electrical energy.

Eine Anlage zum Schneiden mit Flüssigkeitstrahl besteht aus einer Pumpeneinheit 1, in der das drucklos zufließende Wasser 2 auf einen Druck von 4000 bar verdichtet wird. Durch eine Rohrleitung gelangt dann das Wasser in eine Schneideinheit 3, die von einer Steuereinheit 4 kontrolliert wird. In Richtung des Wasseraustitts ist dann noch ein Schneidtisch 5 angeordnet, in dem auch das ausgetretene Wasser aufgefangen wird.A system for cutting with a liquid jet consists of a pump unit 1, in which the water 2 flowing in without pressure is compressed to a pressure of 4000 bar. The water then passes through a pipeline into a cutting unit 3, which is controlled by a control unit 4. A cutting table 5 is then also arranged in the direction of the water outlet, in which the leaked water is also collected.

Die hier notwendige Schneideinheit ist in Fig. 2 vollständiger dargestellt. Das unter Druck gesetzte Schneidwasser tritt aus einer Düse 6 aus, die in einem Düsenkörper 7 mit einem sich anschließenden, definiert langen Führungskanal 8 gehalten ist. Der Düsenkörper 7 ist in einer verschraubbaren Halterung 9 derart gehalten, daß er leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Unterhalb des Führungskanals 8 ist eine Lochscheibe drehbar gelagert, die in der Draufsicht aus Fig. 2.1 hervorgeht. Statt der Lochscheibe 10 kann auch ein Turbinenrad gemäß Fig. 2.2 und 2.3 Anwendung finden. Die Lochscheibe muß angetrieben sein, wärend das Turbinenrad durch die Schrägstellung der Schaufeln 11 nach Auftreffen des Schneidstrahles selbsttätig angetrieben wird.The cutting unit required here is shown more completely in FIG. 2. The pressurized cutting water emerges from a nozzle 6, which is held in a nozzle body 7 with an adjoining, defined long guide channel 8. The nozzle body 7 is held in a screwable holder 9 in such a way that it can be easily replaced. Below the guide channel 8, a perforated disk is rotatably mounted, which is shown in the top view from FIG. 2.1. Instead of the perforated disk 10, a turbine wheel according to FIGS. 2.2 and 2.3 can also be used. The perforated disc must be driven, while the turbine wheel is driven automatically by the inclination of the blades 11 after the cutting beam strikes.

Weiter unterhalb der Lochscheibe 10 od. dgl. ist noch der Abrasivstoff zur Verfügung zu stellen. In Fig. 2 ist dazu lediglich ein Rohr 12 vorgesehen, das kontinuierlich von den Abrasivstoff durchflossen ist. In Höhe des Führungskanals 8, an dem auch die Löcher der Lochscheibe 10 vorbeifliegen, ist auch in dem Rohr 12 eine Querbohrung 13 angeordent, durch die der unterbrochene Flüssigkeitsstrahl auf den bereitgestellten Abrasivstoff stößt, ihn mitnimmt und auf das zu schneidende Werkstück 14 trägt. An der Stelle des Austritts des Flüssigkeitsstrahls aus dem Rohr 12 ist es zweckmäßig, den Strahl noch einmal durch eine Düse 13' zu bündein.The abrasive material is still to be made available further below the perforated disc 10 or the like. For this purpose, only a tube 12 is provided in FIG. 2, through which the abrasive material flows continuously. At the level of the guide channel 8, at which the holes of the perforated disk 10 also fly past, a transverse bore 13 is also arranged in the tube 12, through which the interrupted liquid jet hits the provided abrasive material, takes it along and carries it to the workpiece 14 to be cut. At the point where the liquid jet emerges from the tube 12, it is expedient to focus the jet again through a nozzle 13 '.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 fließt also der Abrasivstoff kontinuierlich am unterbrochenen Flüssigkeitsstrahl vorbei. Statt eines Rohres 12 kann auch ein freier Abrasivstoffstrahl in die Bewegungsbahn des Flüssigkeitsstrahls gerichtet sein. Nach dem Beispiel nach Fig. 3 fließt der Abrasivstoff zwar kontinuierlich zu, aber in eine Hohlscheibe 15, die oben zur Zuführung des Abrasivstoffes offen, im äußeren Randbereich aber geschlossen ist, damit sich der Abrasivstoff dort aufstaut. In diesem Randbereich sind dann ähnlich der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2.1 Löcher 16 im Ober-und Unterboden, durch die der Flüssigkeitsstrahl wie oben beschrieben treten soll.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the abrasive material continuously flows past the interrupted liquid jet. Instead of a tube 12, a free abrasive jet can also be directed into the movement path of the liquid jet. According to the example according to FIG. 3, the abrasive material flows in continuously, but into a hollow disc 15, which is open at the top for supplying the abrasive material, but is closed in the outer edge area so that the abrasive material builds up there. In this edge region there are holes 16 in the upper and lower floor, similar to the device according to FIG. 2.1, through which the liquid jet is to pass as described above.

Mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 wird der von oben kommende Flüssigkeitsstrahl auch mechanisch unterbrochen, aber mit einem Art Laufrad mit drei oder vier Querstegen 17, die beim Drehen des Laufrades den entlang des Pfeiles kommenden Flüssigkeitsstrahl zerteilt. Je nach Austrittstelle des Flüssigkeitsstrahles über die Länge des Radius des Laufrades, das selbstverständlich auch mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit angetrieben werden kann, kann die Dauer der Unterbrechung gesteuert werden. Hier ist auch lediglich eine Reduzierung des Strahles möglich.4, the liquid jet coming from above is also interrupted mechanically, but with a type of impeller with three or four crosspieces 17 which, when the impeller is rotated, divides the liquid jet coming along the arrow. Depending on the point of exit of the liquid jet over the length of the radius of the impeller, which can of course also be driven at different speeds, the duration of the interruption can be controlled. Only a reduction in the beam is also possible here.

Das zu dem Beispiel nach Fig. 4 Gesagte gilt auch für das Beispiel nach Fig. 5, nach dem für die Unterbrechung oder Reduzierung des Flüssigkeitsstrahles statt der Querstäbe 17 Speichen 18 vorgesehen sind, die in den Flüssigkeitsstrahl reichen. Auch dieses Rad kann mit oder ohne Eigenantrieb umlaufen, ggf. auch gebremst werden.The statements made regarding the example according to FIG. 4 also apply to the example according to FIG. 5, according to which spokes 18 are provided instead of the cross bars 17 for the interruption or reduction of the liquid jet, which spokes 18 extend into the liquid jet. This wheel can also rotate with or without self-propulsion, and can also be braked if necessary.

Das Beispiel nach Fig. 6 stellt ein Schwingpendel dar mit zwei zueinander gerichteten Schrägflächen 20, die mit Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl trifft auf eine der Schrägflächen und bewirkt dadurch die Pendelwegung der aufgehängten (nicht dargestellt) Schwingmasse. Mit dem Abstand 21 der beiden Schrägflächen 20 kann die Frequenz der Strahlunterbrechung oder -reduzierung gesteuert werden.The example according to FIG. 6 represents an oscillating pendulum with two inclined surfaces 20 directed towards one another, which are arranged at a distance from one another. The liquid jet hits one of the inclined surfaces and thus causes the suspended (not shown) oscillating mass to oscillate. The frequency of the beam interruption or reduction can be controlled with the distance 21 of the two inclined surfaces 20.

In den Fig. 7 - 8 sind Beispiele zur Unterbrechung oder Reduzierung des Flüssigkeitsstrahles gezeigt, die mit Elektrizität arbeiten. Bei Fig. 7 dient dazu ein Piezobalken, der aufgrund der piezoelektrischen Eigenschaften der verwendeten Kristalle bei elektrischer Aktivierung hin- und herschwingt. Ähnliches gilt für das Beispiel nach Fig. 9, wo ein Elektromagnet mit Wechselstrom zum Hin- und Herbewegen des Rotors 24 entspechend der Frequenz des Wechselstromes sorgt. Selbstverständlich kann insbesondere zu Reduzierung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls auch ein elektrisch gesteuertes, nicht dargestelltes Ventil zur Anwendung gelangen.7-8 show examples of interrupting or reducing the liquid jet that work with electricity. In FIG. 7, a piezo bar is used for this purpose, which oscillates back and forth on electrical activation due to the piezoelectric properties of the crystals used. The same applies to the example according to FIG. 9, where an electromagnet with alternating current provides for the reciprocating movement of the rotor 24 in accordance with the frequency of the alternating current. Of course, an electrically controlled valve (not shown) can also be used in particular to reduce the liquid jet.

Eine ganz anders erzeugt Unterbrechung des Flüssigkeitsstrahles offenbart die Fig. 8. Danach ist in das Leitungssystem des unter Druck gesetzten Wassers eine Einheit 25 geschaltet, mit der ein Lichtbogen von Rohrwand zu Rohrwand erzeugt werden kann. Es wird also Spannung an die Pole angelegt, und durch Elektrizität ein Lichtbogen erzeugt, der augenblicklich das hier durchströmende Wasser zum Verdampfen bringt. Damit bildet sich im Wasser eine Dampfblase, die die gewünschte Strahlunterbrechung bewirkt.FIG. 8 shows a completely different interruption of the liquid jet. Thereafter, a unit 25 is switched into the line system of the pressurized water, with which an arc can be generated from tube wall to tube wall. Voltage is thus applied to the poles and an electric arc is generated which instantaneously causes the water flowing through to evaporate. This creates a vapor bubble in the water, which causes the desired jet interruption.

Claims (26)

1. Method of cutting materials using a cutting jet formed from a fluid mixed with abrasive substances, characterised in that the continuous flow of the jet of fluid is interrupted prior to and during mixing with the abrasive substance, and the main area of the interrupted jet encounters the abrasive substance, which is formed as a thin layer, and accelerates said substance in sudden spurts.
2. Method of cutting naterials using a cutting jet formed from a fluid mixed with abrasive substances, characterised in that the cantinuous flow of the Jet of fluid is reduced temporarily prior to and during mixing with the abrasive substance, and the main area of the reduced jet encounters the abrasive substance, which is formed as a thin layer, and accelerates said substance in sudden spurts.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the abrasive substance flows continuously at right angles to the fluid jet, or respectively flows to and from the fluid jet, and portions of this abrasive substance are only ever separated.
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the abrasive substance flows continuously towards an obstacle, is deposited thereon in a thin layer and is discontinuously accelerated therefrom by the fluid jet in sudden spurts.
5. Method according to claim 4, charactericed in that the abrasive substance flows continuously, by means of centrifugal force, to a location from where it ic discontinuously removed by means of the fluid jet.
6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the fluid jet, an object is moved into the flow path.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the object is moved continuously.
8. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the object is moved discontinuously.
9. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the fluid jet, air or vapour bubbles are continuously produced in the fluid jet.
10. Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the vapour bubbles are produced by the supply of energy, such as, for example, by means of electricity for are production.
11. Device for accomplishing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, having a nozzle (6) for a fine fluid jet to pass therethrough, an arrangement (1) disposed upstream of this nozzle (6) for producing a high fluid pressure, and an additional arrangement (10, 12; 10, 11), which is disposed downstream of the nozzle (6) for mixing the fluid jet with the abrasive substance characterised in that, for the periodic interruption or reduction of the crosssection of the fluid jet, a gas (25) or an object (10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24) is displaceable temporarily into the flow path of the jet, and an arrangement (12, 15) for making available the layer of abrasive substance, which is to be penetrated by the jet, is disposed beneath the flow path of the interrupted or reduced jet.
12. Device agcording to claim 11, characterised in that the layer of abrasive substance is disposed in a pipe (12), hose or the like, which is continuously traversed by the substance.
13. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that the layer of abrasive substance is disposed in a chamber (15).
14. Device according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the pipe (12) or the like, or the chamber (15), is provided with transverse apertures (13, 16) for the fluid jet to pass therethrough.
15. Device according to claim 14, characterised in that, in order to interrupt the jet, a rotatably mounted, perforated disc (15) is provided which has through-bores (16) on its external circumference.
16. Device according to claims 13 to 15, characterised in that the chamber comprises a rotatably mounted, circular hollow disc (15), which has, in the functional outer edge region, an annular chamber (15) which is closed radially outwardly and at its upper and lower ends, and the upper and lower walls of the annular chamber are provided, over the circumference of the hollow disc, with bores (16), which pierce the hollow disc transversely, for the fluid jet to pass therethrough.
17. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt the jet, electrodes (25) are disposed over the length of the nozzle or in the supply line upstream of the nozzle in order to supply electricity for arc production.
18. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the jet, an impeller with transverse cross-piece members (17) is disposed in the flow path of the fluid jet.
19. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the axle of the impeller is orientated perpendicularly to the fluid jet.
20. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the axle of the impeller, such as a turbine wheel (11) for example, is orientated parallel to the fluid jet.
21. Device according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that the impeller (10, 11, 15, 17, 18) is provided with its own drive means.
22. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the jet, a pivotal body (19) is periodically displaceable into the flow path of the fluid jet.
23. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the jet, a pivotal bar (22) (piezoelectricity) is provided which is set in motion electrically.
24. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt the jet, a frequencyacti- vated electromagnet (23) is provided.
25. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to reduce the jet, a valve is provided, and its closing mechanism is activated temporarily.
26. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that, in order to interrupt or reduce the jet, a multi- piston pump is provided, by means of which the volumetric flow of the fluid is interruptable temporarily.
EP88100857A 1987-01-22 1988-01-21 Method and device for cutting materials by using a fluid jet Expired - Lifetime EP0280861B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88100857T ATE59324T1 (en) 1987-01-22 1988-01-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CUTTING MATERIALS WITH A LIQUID JET.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3701673 1987-01-22
DE19873701673 DE3701673A1 (en) 1987-01-22 1987-01-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CUTTING MATERIALS BY MEANS OF A LIQUID JET

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EP0280861A1 EP0280861A1 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0280861B1 true EP0280861B1 (en) 1990-12-27

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EP (1) EP0280861B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63251200A (en)
AT (1) ATE59324T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3701673A1 (en)

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WO2018054634A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for fluid jet cutting with abrasive particles

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DE10043400A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-14 Abb Low Vollage Power Ag Lenzb Surface treated contact finger for plug contact has first surface treated contact surfaces for contacting counter contact piece, second surface treated surfaces for contacting contact plate
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DE102010000478A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Hammelmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 59302 Method for interrupting the operation of a cutting jet and apparatus for carrying out the method
WO2018054634A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for fluid jet cutting with abrasive particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3861391D1 (en) 1991-02-07
DE3701673A1 (en) 1988-08-04
EP0280861A1 (en) 1988-09-07
ATE59324T1 (en) 1991-01-15
JPS63251200A (en) 1988-10-18

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