EP0262400B1 - Apparatus for blending particulate material in a bunker - Google Patents

Apparatus for blending particulate material in a bunker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0262400B1
EP0262400B1 EP87112451A EP87112451A EP0262400B1 EP 0262400 B1 EP0262400 B1 EP 0262400B1 EP 87112451 A EP87112451 A EP 87112451A EP 87112451 A EP87112451 A EP 87112451A EP 0262400 B1 EP0262400 B1 EP 0262400B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
bulk material
bunker
wall
closing element
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EP87112451A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0262400A1 (en
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Hans Dr. Brehm
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B01F25/83—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis with receptacles provided with fixed guiding elements therein, e.g. baffles; Cross-mixers comprising crossing channels for guiding the falling particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mixing bulk material in a bunker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a bulk material formed from a mixture tends to separate in a bunker.
  • Various solutions are known for removing a mixed bulk material from a bunker, in which different parts of the bulk material are removed from different parts of the bunker.
  • it is known from DE-A-1217756 to form a staggered series of discharge openings in the bunker by means of a plurality of coaxial tubes, through which various parts of the bulk material flow, which mix in an outlet part.
  • GB-A-2056296 From GB-A-2056296 it is known to make an annular gap adjustable.
  • the device according to GB-A-2056296 has a total of two ring gaps.
  • the upper annular gap is so wide that a jam of the product at the lower annular gap immediately throttles the flow rate of the product from the peripheral area of the bunker.
  • the flow rate of the product from the peripheral area of the bunker therefore depends on the level of the product in the bunker.
  • This known device is therefore a pure gravity funnel, which lacks an independent regulation for the respective flow rates of the bulk material originating from the peripheral or axial region of the bunker.
  • No control device is provided in the central mixer outlet for the flow rate of the bulk material originating from the axial region of the bunker.
  • the function of the height-adjustable control device of this known device depends on the level of the product in the bunker. For this reason, the mixing ratio obtained also depends on the level of the product in the bunker, ie no constant outlet flow of the product is guaranteed. The result is unsatisfactory. Good mixing quality can only be achieved by regulating constant flow rates of the bulk material originating from the peripheral or axial area of the bunker.
  • the general problem to be solved is that it is difficult to continuously mix solids.
  • Mixed bulk material for example a mixed granulate
  • Even mixed bulk goods tend to separate in the bunker.
  • the coarser and heavier parts flow preferentially to the outside, the smaller and lighter parts preferentially to the inside.
  • these parts of the bulk material are to be reunited in accordance with the original proportions and these proportions are to be restored, which means different dosages for the different types of bulk materials requires different parts of the respective bulk goods.
  • the solution to these problems should ultimately be compatible with continuous treatment of the bulk material.
  • the flow velocities of the parts of the bulk material at the annular gap and at the second closure member can be adjusted automatically as a function of one another and from the flow velocity of the entire bulk material at the first closure member.
  • the dependency rules can be selected so that they correspond to the relevant properties of the bulk material and in particular to the segregation and flow properties.
  • the bulk material runs largely freely at the annular gap, ie without pressure load. Therefore, the flow at the annular gap stops when the level of the bulk material in the discharge part rises so that the annular gap comes to lie below this level. This occurs when the bulk material jams in the outlet part, either because the first closure member on the outlet part reduces the entire outlet, or because a relatively large amount of bulk material flows through the tube at the insert. The same can be said in relation to the outlet at the lower end of the tube at the insert, the flow rate here also being adjustable using the second slide.
  • the level of the bulk material in the outlet section thus regulates the flow speed through the annular gap and through the tube on the insert and is itself controlled by the slide valves and regulated by the position of the height adjustable tube.
  • the setting of the first closure element at the outlet is a size given by external circumstances and not a setting parameter in the actual sense.
  • two other parameters are still available to adjust the flow velocities of the peripheral bulk material flowing through the annular gap and the central bulk material flowing through the tube overall and relative to each other.
  • the second closure element influences the flow of the central bulk material.
  • the height of the pipe and the setting of the second closing element thus represent two parameters with which the entire flow and its proportions can be set.
  • the entire flow to the setting of the first closure element on the outlet part can be carried out with constant proportions be adjusted.
  • the outlet of the bulk material can thus be adapted to the variability of the product properties of the bulk material, both in the total amount (through the first closure member) and in relation to the proportions (through the second closure member and the pipe).
  • This enables either cross-mixing or longitudinal mixing of the bulk material or a combination of these types of mixing in any proportions (i.e. with any "intensity").
  • the device according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited to compensating for fluctuations in production (fluctuations in quantity and / or quality, both occurring simultaneously and simultaneously) and for homogenizing bulk material.
  • the device according to the invention can be used both in continuous operation and in batch operation.
  • the mixing process basically begins when the bulk material is poured into the bunker.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of a device according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • a bunker 1 contains a bulk material 2 that is to be mixed in a predetermined manner when it is drawn off.
  • the bulk material tends to segregate in the bunker or when it is filled into the bunker, for example in relation to the particle size, and it for example, the original composition is to be restored when pulling off.
  • the bunker 1 is, for example, essentially cylindrical and provided with a coaxially arranged conical bottom 3.
  • An outlet part 4 is arranged below this conical base 3, adjoining it and coaxially with it.
  • the outlet part 4 forms the tip of the conical bottom 3, as shown.
  • a closure element 5 which controls the flow rate of the entire bulk material drawn off.
  • the closure member 5 is, for example, a slide.
  • An insert 6 is arranged in the lower region of the conical base 3 and coaxially with it. Between the inner wall 7 of the bottom 3 and the outer wall 8 of the insert 6 there is an annular gap 9 through which the bulk material can flow from the peripheral part of the bunker 1 or the bottom 3 to the outlet part 4.
  • the inner wall 10 of the insert 6 is flared upwards in the upper region of the insert 6, so that the insert 6 forms a funnel there, in which the bulk material flows from the central or axial part of the bunker 1 or the bottom 3 to the outlet part 4 can.
  • the inner wall 11 of the insert 6 is essentially cylindrical.
  • a tube 12 is coaxially formed and arranged on this inner wall 11 at the lower region of the insert 6.
  • the tube 12 encloses the lower area of the insert 6 and is vertically displaceable relative to the inner wall 11 at the lower area of the insert 6, the corresponding movement of the tube 12 being brought about and controlled from the outside, ie from outside the bunker 1, by means not shown.
  • the relative lengths of the inner wall 11 and the tube 12 are chosen such that the displacement range of the tube 12 allows the lower end of the tube 12, down to to be moved below the level of the annular gap 9 and up to above the level of the annular gap 9.
  • a second closure member 13 is arranged at the lower area of the insert 6, but on the inner wall 11 but in the vicinity of the transition between the inner wall 10 and the inner wall 11, i.e. in the vicinity of the transition between the conical upper region and the cylindrical lower region of the insert 6, .
  • This second closure member 13 is, for example, a slide. It doses the flow rate of the bulk material through the insert 6 and is controlled from outside by means not shown, i.e. actuated and controlled from outside the bunker 1.
  • the outlet part 4 is arranged on the bottom 3 in such a way that the upper circumference of the outlet part 4 essentially coincides with the annular gap 9, i.e. the bulk material flowing through the annular gap 9 falls into the outlet part 4 without any noticeable discontinuity in the wall of the bottom.
  • the means for displacing the tube 12 and the means for adjusting the second closure element 13 can be controlled as a function of the position of the tube 12, the second closure element 13 and the first closure element 5 arranged on the outlet part 4.
  • the purpose of this control and mutual dependency is to adapt the flow rates of the parts of the bulk material 2 at the annular gap 9 and on the second closure member 13 to one another and to the flow rate of the entire bulk material at the first closure member 5.
  • the control of the flow velocities is adjustable depending on the properties of the bulk material 2.
  • the bulk material 2 when the bulk material 2 is withdrawn, it can be withdrawn, as desired, predominantly from the periphery of the bunker 1, predominantly from the center of the bunker 1 or approximately uniformly everywhere from the bunker 1 in order to achieve the desired mixing and composition of the bulk material 2.
  • the free upper surface of the bulk material 2 in the bunker 1 optionally forms a funnel 14 or an annular depression 15, or it can also remain flat, as shown at 16.
  • the device can be supplemented by supply lines 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d of compressed air or compressed gas at suitable points of the bunker 1, for example at the transition from the cylindrical body of the bunker 1 to its conical bottom 3 behind suitable mudguards 18 or on the funnel-shaped conical expansion of the inner wall 10 of the insert 6 by means of ventilation surfaces.
  • the supply of compressed air or compressed gas can serve, among other things, to loosen the bulk material 2 and to improve its flow properties. It is thus achieved that the device according to the invention can be used for processing both free-flowing bulk material (“granulate”) and non-free-flowing bulk material (“powder”).
  • the compressed air or gas can be used to heat or cool the bulk material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Mischen von Schüttgut in einem Bunker gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for mixing bulk material in a bunker according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein aus einem Gemisch gebildetes Schüttgut hat in einem Bunker die Tendenz, sich zu entmischen. Zum Abziehen von einem vermischten Schüttgut aus einem Bunker sind verschiedene Lösungen bekannt, bei denen verschiedene Teile des Schüttguts aus verschiedenen Teilen des Bunkers abgezogen werden. So ist beispielsweise aus DE-A-1217756 bekannt, im Bunker mittels einer Mehrzahl von zueinander koaxialen Rohren eine höhengestaffelte Reihe von Abziehöffnungen zu bilden, durch welche verschiedene Teile des Schüttguts fliessen, die sich in einem Auslaufteil vermischen. Auch ist beispielsweise aus DE-A-2219397 bekannt, im unteren Bereich des Bunkers einen koaxialen Einsatz vorzusehen, dessen Aussenwandung im Abstand zur Innenwandung des Bodens liegt, so dass dazwischen ein Ringspalt gebildet wird, durch den ein Teil des Schüttguts zum Auslaufteil fliesst, während die Innenwandung des Einsatzes in dessen oberem Bereich nach oben konisch erweitert ist, um einen anderen Teil des Schüttguts abzuziehen und zum Auslaufteil zu leiten.A bulk material formed from a mixture tends to separate in a bunker. Various solutions are known for removing a mixed bulk material from a bunker, in which different parts of the bulk material are removed from different parts of the bunker. For example, it is known from DE-A-1217756 to form a staggered series of discharge openings in the bunker by means of a plurality of coaxial tubes, through which various parts of the bulk material flow, which mix in an outlet part. It is also known, for example from DE-A-2219397, to provide a coaxial insert in the lower region of the bunker, the outer wall of which is at a distance from the inner wall of the base, so that an annular gap is formed between them, through which part of the bulk material flows to the outlet part, while the inner wall of the insert is flared upwards in the upper area in order to pull off another part of the bulk material and to guide it to the outlet part.

Solche bekannte Vorrichtungen ermöglichen zwar, ein vorbestimmtes Schüttgut beim Abziehen aus dem Bunker mit einer vorbestimmten Fliessgeschwindigkeit zu vermischen, sie können jedoch nicht leicht verstellt werden, um an verschiedene Arten von Schüttgütern mit verschiedenen Entmisch- und Fliesseigenschaften angepasst zu werden.Although such known devices enable a predetermined bulk material to be mixed at a predetermined flow rate when it is withdrawn from the bunker, they cannot be easily adjusted in order to be adapted to different types of bulk material with different demixing and flowing properties.

Aus GB-A-2056296 ist bekannt, einen Ringspalt einstellbar auszubilden. Die Vorrichtung nach GB-A-2056296 weist insgesamt zwei Ringspalte auf. Dabei ist der obere Ringspalt so breit, dass ein Stau des Produkts am unteren Ringpalt die Durchflussmenge des Produkts aus dem peripheren Bereich des Bunkers unmittelbar drosselt. Daher ist die Durchflussmenge des aus dem peripheren Bereich des Bunkers stammenden Produkts vom Füllstand des Produkts im Bunker abhängig. Es handelt sich also bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung um einen reinen Schwerkraftstrichter, dem eine unabhängige Regelung für die jeweiligen Durchflussmengen des vom peripheren bzw. axialen Bereich des Bunkers stammenden Schüttguts fehlt. Im zentralen Mischerauslauf ist keine Regeleinrichtung für die Durchflussmenge des vom axialen Bereich des Bunkers stammenden Schüttguts vorgesehen. Die Funktion der höhenverstellbaren Regeleinrichtung dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist vom Füllstand des Produkts im Bunker abhängig. Deswegen ist auch das erhaltene Mischverhältnis vom Füllstand des Produkts im Bunker abhängig, d.h. es ist kein gleichbleibender Auslaufstrom des Produkts gewährleistet. Das Resultat ist unbefriedigend. Eine gute Mischqualität kann nur durch Regulierung von gleichbleibenden Durchflussmengen des vom peripheren bzw. axialen Bereich des Bunkers stammenden Schüttguts erreicht werden.From GB-A-2056296 it is known to make an annular gap adjustable. The device according to GB-A-2056296 has a total of two ring gaps. The upper annular gap is so wide that a jam of the product at the lower annular gap immediately throttles the flow rate of the product from the peripheral area of the bunker. The flow rate of the product from the peripheral area of the bunker therefore depends on the level of the product in the bunker. This known device is therefore a pure gravity funnel, which lacks an independent regulation for the respective flow rates of the bulk material originating from the peripheral or axial region of the bunker. No control device is provided in the central mixer outlet for the flow rate of the bulk material originating from the axial region of the bunker. The function of the height-adjustable control device of this known device depends on the level of the product in the bunker. For this reason, the mixing ratio obtained also depends on the level of the product in the bunker, ie no constant outlet flow of the product is guaranteed. The result is unsatisfactory. Good mixing quality can only be achieved by regulating constant flow rates of the bulk material originating from the peripheral or axial area of the bunker.

Es ist nämlich das allgemeine Problem zu lösen, dass es schwierig ist, Feststoffe kontinuierlich zu mischen. Gemischtes Schüttgut, beispielsweise ein gemischtes Granulat, wird oft durch gleichzeitiges Schütten von getrennten Komponenten in den Bunker gemischt, was an sich (d.h. ohne zusätzliche Massnahmen) keine vollständige Vermischung ergibt. Auch bereits gemischtes Schüttgut hat die Tendenz, sich im Bunker zu entmischen. Beim Füllen in den Bunker fliessen nämlich die gröberen und schwereren Teile bevorzugt nach aussen, die kleineren und leichteren Teilen bevorzugt nach innen. Beim Abziehen soll die Wiedervereinigung dieser Teile des Schüttguts entsprechend den ursprünglichen Proportionen erfolgen und diese Proportionen wieder herstellen, was bei verschiedenen Arten von Schüttgütern verschiedene Dosierungen für die verschiedenen Teile des jeweiligen Schüttguts erfordert. Die Lösung dieser Probleme soll schliesslich mit einer kontinuierlichen Behandlung des Schüttgutes kompatibel sein.The general problem to be solved is that it is difficult to continuously mix solids. Mixed bulk material, for example a mixed granulate, is often mixed by simultaneously pouring separate components into the bunker, which in itself (ie without additional measures) does not result in complete mixing. Even mixed bulk goods tend to separate in the bunker. When filling the bunker, the coarser and heavier parts flow preferentially to the outside, the smaller and lighter parts preferentially to the inside. When pulling off, these parts of the bulk material are to be reunited in accordance with the original proportions and these proportions are to be restored, which means different dosages for the different types of bulk materials requires different parts of the respective bulk goods. The solution to these problems should ultimately be compatible with continuous treatment of the bulk material.

Die Aufgabe, eine an verschiedene Arten von Schüttgütern insbesondere mit verschiedenen Entmisch- und Fliesseigenschaften anpassbare Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die auch eine kontinuierliche Behandlung des Schüttgutes ermöglicht, wird gelöst durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebene Kombination von Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The object of creating a device which can be adapted to different types of bulk materials, in particular with different demixing and flow properties, and which also enables continuous treatment of the bulk material, is achieved by the combination of features specified in claim 1. Advantageous further developments result from the dependent claims.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung wird erreicht, dass die Fliessgeschwindigkeiten der Teile des Schüttguts am Ringspalt und am zweiten Verschlussorgan in Abhängigkeit voneinander und von der Fliessgeschwindigkeit des gesamten Schüttguts am ersten Verschlussorgan gegebenenfalls automatisch eingestellt werden können. Dabei können die Abhängigkeitsregeln so gewählt werden, dass sie den einschlägigen Eigenschaften des Schüttguts und insbesondere den Entmisch- und Fliesseigenschaften entsprechen.With the device according to the invention it is achieved that the flow velocities of the parts of the bulk material at the annular gap and at the second closure member can be adjusted automatically as a function of one another and from the flow velocity of the entire bulk material at the first closure member. The dependency rules can be selected so that they correspond to the relevant properties of the bulk material and in particular to the segregation and flow properties.

An Ringspalt läuft nämlich das Schüttgut weitgehend frei durch, d.h. ohne Druckbelastung. Daher hört das Durchfliessen am Ringspalt auf, wenn der Pegel des Schüttguts im Auslaufteil so steigt, dass der Ringspalt unter diesem Pegel zu liegen kommt. Dieser Fall tritt ein, wenn sich das Schüttgut im Auslaufteil staut, sei es, weil das erste Verschlussorgan am Auslaufteil den gesamten Auslauf reduziert, sei es, weil verhältnismässig viel Schüttgut durch das Rohr am Einsatz fliesst. Gleiches kann in bezug auf den Auslauf am unteren Ende des Rohres am Einsatz gesagt werden, wobei hier auch noch die Fliessgeschwindigkeit mit Hilfe des zweiten Schiebers einstellbar ist. Der Pegel des Schüttguts im Auslaufteil reguliert also die Fliessgeschwindigkeit durch den Ringspalt und durch das Rohr am Einsatz und wird selbst von den Schiebern und von der Position des höhenverstellbaren Rohres reguliert.The bulk material runs largely freely at the annular gap, ie without pressure load. Therefore, the flow at the annular gap stops when the level of the bulk material in the discharge part rises so that the annular gap comes to lie below this level. This occurs when the bulk material jams in the outlet part, either because the first closure member on the outlet part reduces the entire outlet, or because a relatively large amount of bulk material flows through the tube at the insert. The same can be said in relation to the outlet at the lower end of the tube at the insert, the flow rate here also being adjustable using the second slide. The level of the bulk material in the outlet section thus regulates the flow speed through the annular gap and through the tube on the insert and is itself controlled by the slide valves and regulated by the position of the height adjustable tube.

Die Einstellung des ersten Verschlussorgans am Auslauf ist eine durch äussere Umstände gegebene Grösse und kein Einstellparameter im eigentlichen Sinne. Mit der Einstellung des zweiten Verschlussorgans und der Höhenverstellung des Rohres stehen aber noch immer zwei andere Parameter zur Verfügung, um die Fliessgeschwindigkeiten des am Ringspalt durchfliessenden peripheren Schüttguts und des am Rohr durchfliessenden zentralen Schüttguts gesamthaft und relativ zueinander einzustellen.The setting of the first closure element at the outlet is a size given by external circumstances and not a setting parameter in the actual sense. With the setting of the second sealing element and the height adjustment of the tube, two other parameters are still available to adjust the flow velocities of the peripheral bulk material flowing through the annular gap and the central bulk material flowing through the tube overall and relative to each other.

Diese Einstellung lässt sich mit Hilfe der Betrachtung von zwei Extremfällen leichter erläutern. Wenn das untere Ende des höhenverstellbaren Rohres am Einsatz sehr tief liegt, wird bei steigendem Pegel im Auslaufteil der Fluss des zentralen Schüttguts gedrosselt, bevor der Fluss des peripheren Schüttguts gedrosselt wird, weil der Ringspalt längere Zeit oberhalb des Pegels liegt. Wenn hingegen das untere Ende des höhenverstellbaren Rohres am Einsatz sehr hoch liegt, wird bei steigendem Pegel im Auslaufteil der Fluss des peripheren Schüttguts gedrosselt, bevor der Fluss des zentralen Schüttguts gedrosselt wird, weil nun das untere Ende des Rohres längere Zeit oberhalb des Pegels liegt. Daraus geht hervor, dass die Höhenlage des Rohres die Proportionen der Teile des Schüttguts untereindaner, d.h. des peripheren Teils zum zentralen Teil, beeinflusst.This attitude can be explained more easily by considering two extreme cases. If the lower end of the height-adjustable pipe is very low on the insert, the flow of the central bulk material is throttled as the level in the outlet part rises, before the flow of the peripheral bulk material is throttled because the annular gap is above the level for a long time. If, on the other hand, the lower end of the height-adjustable pipe is very high on the insert, the flow of the peripheral bulk material is throttled as the level in the outlet part rises before the flow of the central bulk material is throttled because the lower end of the pipe is now above the level for a long time. This shows that the height of the pipe corresponds to the proportions of the parts of the bulk goods of the lower Indians, i.e. from the peripheral part to the central part.

Offensichtlich beeinflusst das zweite Verschlussorgan den Fluss des zentralen Schüttguts. Die Höhenstellung des Rohres und die Einstellung des zweiten Verschlussorgans stellen also zwei Parameter dar, mit denen der gesamte Fluss und dessen Proportionen eingestellt werden können. Folglich kann problemlos der gesamte Fluss an die Einstellung des ersten Verschlussorgans am Auslaufteil bei konstant bleibenden Proportionen angepasst werden.Obviously, the second closure element influences the flow of the central bulk material. The height of the pipe and the setting of the second closing element thus represent two parameters with which the entire flow and its proportions can be set. As a result, the entire flow to the setting of the first closure element on the outlet part can be carried out with constant proportions be adjusted.

Somit kann der Auslauf des Schüttguts sowohl in der Gesamtmenge (durch das erste Verschlussorgan) wie in bezug auf die Proportionen (durch das zweite Verschlussorgan und das Rohr) an die Variabilität der Produkteingeschaften des Schüttguts angepasst werden. Insbesondere ist es möglich, das Schüttgut vorwiegend von der Peripherie des Bunkers, vorwiegend vom Zentrum des Bunkers oder etwa gleichmässig überall aus dem Bunker abzuziehen, derart, dass die obere Fläche des Schüttguts im Bunker wahlweise eben bleibt, einen Trichter bildet oder eine ringförmige Vertiefung aufweist. Dies ermöglicht wahlweise die Quervermischung oder Längsvermischung des Schüttgutes oder noch eine Kombination dieser Vermischungsarten in beliebigen Proportionen (d.h. mit jeweils beliebiger "Intensität"). Daher eignet sich die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung ganz besonders gut zum Ausgleichen von Produktionsschwankungen (Mengen- und/oder Qualitätsschwankungen, sowohl gleichzeitig als auch ungleichzeitig auftretend) und zur Homogenisierung von Schüttgut. Dabei kann die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung sowohl im kontinuierlichen Betrieb als auch im Chargenbetrieb angewandt werden. Der Mischvorgang beginnt grundsätzlich bereits beim Einfüllen des Schüttgutes in den Bunker.The outlet of the bulk material can thus be adapted to the variability of the product properties of the bulk material, both in the total amount (through the first closure member) and in relation to the proportions (through the second closure member and the pipe). In particular, it is possible to withdraw the bulk material predominantly from the periphery of the bunker, predominantly from the center of the bunker or approximately uniformly everywhere from the bunker, in such a way that the upper surface of the bulk material in the bunker optionally remains flat, forms a funnel or has an annular recess . This enables either cross-mixing or longitudinal mixing of the bulk material or a combination of these types of mixing in any proportions (i.e. with any "intensity"). The device according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited to compensating for fluctuations in production (fluctuations in quantity and / or quality, both occurring simultaneously and simultaneously) and for homogenizing bulk material. The device according to the invention can be used both in continuous operation and in batch operation. The mixing process basically begins when the bulk material is poured into the bunker.

Im nachfolgenden wird eine Ausbildung der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung im Längsschnitt.In the following, an embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The figure shows a view of a device according to the invention in longitudinal section.

In der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung enthält ein Bunker 1 ein Schüttgut 2, dass beim Abziehen auf vorbestimmte Weise zu vermischen ist. Beispielsweise hat das Schüttgut die Tendenz, sich im Bunker oder beim Einfüllen in den Bunker beispielsweise in bezug auf die Teilchengrösse zu entmischen, und es soll beim Abziehen beispielsweise wieder die ursprüngliche Zusammensetzung erreicht werden.In the device according to the invention, a bunker 1 contains a bulk material 2 that is to be mixed in a predetermined manner when it is drawn off. For example, the bulk material tends to segregate in the bunker or when it is filled into the bunker, for example in relation to the particle size, and it for example, the original composition is to be restored when pulling off.

Der Bunker 1 ist beispielsweise im wesentlichen zylindrisch und mit einem koaxial angeordneten konischen Boden 3 versehen. Unterhalb dieses konischen Bodens 3, daran anschliessend und koaxial dazu ist ein Auslaufteil 4 angeordnet. Beispielsweise bildet der Auslaufteil 4 wie dargestellt die Spitze des konischen Bodens 3. Am unteren Ende des Auslaufteils 4 ist ein Verschlussorgan 5 angeordnet, der die Fliessgeschwindigkeit des gesamten abgezogenen Schüttguts steuert. Das Verschlussorgan 5 ist beispielsweise ein Schieber.The bunker 1 is, for example, essentially cylindrical and provided with a coaxially arranged conical bottom 3. An outlet part 4 is arranged below this conical base 3, adjoining it and coaxially with it. For example, the outlet part 4 forms the tip of the conical bottom 3, as shown. At the lower end of the outlet part 4 there is a closure element 5 which controls the flow rate of the entire bulk material drawn off. The closure member 5 is, for example, a slide.

Im unteren Bereich des konischen Bodens 3 und koaxial dazu ist ein Einsatz 6 angeordnet. Zwischen der Innenwandung 7 des Bodens 3 und der Aussenwandung 8 des Einsatzes 6 ist ein Ringspalt 9 vorgesehen, durch welchen das Schüttgut aus dem peripheren Teil des Bunkers 1 bzw. des Bodens 3 zum Auslaufteil 4 fliessen kann. Die Innenwandung 10 des Einsatzes 6 ist im oberen Bereich des Einsatzes 6 nach oben konisch erweitert, so dass der Einsatz 6 dort einen Trichter bildet, in welchen das Schüttgut aus dem zentralen oder axialen Teil des Bunkers 1 bzw. des Bodens 3 zur Auslaufteil 4 fliessen kann.An insert 6 is arranged in the lower region of the conical base 3 and coaxially with it. Between the inner wall 7 of the bottom 3 and the outer wall 8 of the insert 6 there is an annular gap 9 through which the bulk material can flow from the peripheral part of the bunker 1 or the bottom 3 to the outlet part 4. The inner wall 10 of the insert 6 is flared upwards in the upper region of the insert 6, so that the insert 6 forms a funnel there, in which the bulk material flows from the central or axial part of the bunker 1 or the bottom 3 to the outlet part 4 can.

Im unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6 ist die Innenwandung 11 des Einsatzes 6 im wesentlichen zylindrisch. An dieser Innenwandung 11 am unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6 ist ein Rohr 12 koaxial angeformt und angeordnet. Das Rohr 12 umschliesst den unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6 und ist gegenüber der Innenwandung 11 am unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6 vertikal verschiebbar, wobei die entsprechende Bewegung des Rohres 12 durch nicht dargestellte Mittel von aussen, d.h. von ausserhalb des Bunkers 1 herbeigeführt und gesteuert wird. Die relativen Längen der Innenwandung 11 und des Rohres 12 sind derart gewählt, dass der Verschiebungsbereich des Rohres 12 es dem unteren Ende des Rohres 12 erlaubt, nach unten bis unterhalb der Ebene des Ringspaltes 9 und nach oben bis oberhalb der Ebene des Ringspaltes 9 verschoben zu werden.In the lower region of the insert 6, the inner wall 11 of the insert 6 is essentially cylindrical. A tube 12 is coaxially formed and arranged on this inner wall 11 at the lower region of the insert 6. The tube 12 encloses the lower area of the insert 6 and is vertically displaceable relative to the inner wall 11 at the lower area of the insert 6, the corresponding movement of the tube 12 being brought about and controlled from the outside, ie from outside the bunker 1, by means not shown. The relative lengths of the inner wall 11 and the tube 12 are chosen such that the displacement range of the tube 12 allows the lower end of the tube 12, down to to be moved below the level of the annular gap 9 and up to above the level of the annular gap 9.

Am unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6, auf der Innenwandung 11 aber in Nähe des Übergangs zwischen der Innenwandung 10 und der Innenwandung 11, d.h. in Nähe des Übergangs zwischen dem konischen oberen Bereich und dem zylindrischen unteren Bereich des Einsatzes 6, ist ein zweites Verschlussorgan 13 angeordnet. Dieses zweite Verschlussorgan 13 ist beispielsweise ein Schieber. Es dosiert die Fliessgeschwindigkeit des Schüttguts durch den Einsatz 6 und wird durch nicht dargestellte Mittel von aussen, d.h. von ausserhalb des Bunkers 1 betätigt und gesteuert.At the lower area of the insert 6, but on the inner wall 11 but in the vicinity of the transition between the inner wall 10 and the inner wall 11, i.e. in the vicinity of the transition between the conical upper region and the cylindrical lower region of the insert 6, a second closure member 13 is arranged. This second closure member 13 is, for example, a slide. It doses the flow rate of the bulk material through the insert 6 and is controlled from outside by means not shown, i.e. actuated and controlled from outside the bunker 1.

Der Auslaufteil 4 ist am Boden 3 derart angeordnet, dass der obere Umfang des Auslaufteils 4 im wesentlichen mit dem Ringspalt 9 zusammenfällt, d.h., das durch den Ringspalt 9 fliessende Schüttgut fällt in den Auslaufteil 4, ohne eine merkliche Diskontinuität der Wandung des Bodens vorzufinden.The outlet part 4 is arranged on the bottom 3 in such a way that the upper circumference of the outlet part 4 essentially coincides with the annular gap 9, i.e. the bulk material flowing through the annular gap 9 falls into the outlet part 4 without any noticeable discontinuity in the wall of the bottom.

Wie bereits erläutert, sind die Mittel zum Verschieben des Rohres 12 und die Mittel zum Einstellen des zweiten Verschlussorgans 13 in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung des Rohres 12, des zweiten Verschlussorgans 13 und des am Auslaufteil 4 angeordneten ersten Verschlussorgans 5 steuerbar. Der Zweck dieser Steuerung und wechselseitigen Anhängigkeit ist, die Fliessgeschwindigkeiten der Teile des Schüttguts 2 am Ringspalt 9 und am zweiten Verschlussorgan 13 aneinander und an die Fliessgeschwindigkeit des gesamten Schüttguts am ersten Verschlussorgan 5 anzupassen. Dabei ist die Steuerung der Fliessgeschwindigkeiten in Abhängigkeit der Eigenschaften des Schüttguts 2 einstellbar. Auf diese Weise wird errreicht, dass beim Abziehen des Schüttguts 2 dieses je nach Wunsch vorwiegend von der Peripherie des Bunkers 1, vorwiegend vom Zentrum des Bunkers 1 oder etwa gleichmässig überall aus dem Bunker 1 abgezogen werden kann, um die gewünschte Vermischung und Zusammensetzung des Schüttguts 2 zu erreichen. Dabei bildet die freie obere Fläche des Schüttguts 2 im Bunker 1 wahlweise einen Trichter 14 oder eine ringförmige Vertiefung 15, oder sie kann auch eben bleiben, wie mit 16 dargestellt.As already explained, the means for displacing the tube 12 and the means for adjusting the second closure element 13 can be controlled as a function of the position of the tube 12, the second closure element 13 and the first closure element 5 arranged on the outlet part 4. The purpose of this control and mutual dependency is to adapt the flow rates of the parts of the bulk material 2 at the annular gap 9 and on the second closure member 13 to one another and to the flow rate of the entire bulk material at the first closure member 5. The control of the flow velocities is adjustable depending on the properties of the bulk material 2. In this way it is achieved that when the bulk material 2 is withdrawn, it can be withdrawn, as desired, predominantly from the periphery of the bunker 1, predominantly from the center of the bunker 1 or approximately uniformly everywhere from the bunker 1 in order to achieve the desired mixing and composition of the bulk material 2. The free upper surface of the bulk material 2 in the bunker 1 optionally forms a funnel 14 or an annular depression 15, or it can also remain flat, as shown at 16.

Auf an sich bekannte Weise kann die Vorrichtung durch Zuführungen 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d von Druckluft oder Druckgas an geeigneten Stellen des Bunkers 1 ergänzt werden, beispielsweise am Übergang vom zylindrischen Körper des Bunkers 1 zu seinem konischen Boden 3 hinter geeigneten Schutzblechen 18 oder an der trichterförmigen konischen Erweiterung der Innenwandung 10 des Einsatzes 6 mittels Belüftungsflächen. Die Zuführung von Druckluft oder Druckgas kann unter anderem dazu dienen, das Schüttgut 2 zu lockern und seine Fliesseigenschaften zu verbessern. Damit erreicht man, dass die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung sowohl von freifliessendem Schüttgut ("Granulat") wie auch von nicht freifliessendem Schüttgut ("Pulver") verwendbar ist. Ausserdem kann die Druckluft oder das Druckgas zur Heizung oder Kühlung des Schüttguts verwendet werden.In a manner known per se, the device can be supplemented by supply lines 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d of compressed air or compressed gas at suitable points of the bunker 1, for example at the transition from the cylindrical body of the bunker 1 to its conical bottom 3 behind suitable mudguards 18 or on the funnel-shaped conical expansion of the inner wall 10 of the insert 6 by means of ventilation surfaces. The supply of compressed air or compressed gas can serve, among other things, to loosen the bulk material 2 and to improve its flow properties. It is thus achieved that the device according to the invention can be used for processing both free-flowing bulk material (“granulate”) and non-free-flowing bulk material (“powder”). In addition, the compressed air or gas can be used to heat or cool the bulk material.

Claims (4)

  1. Apparatus for the mixing of a loose material (2) in a hopper (1) with a conical bottom (3), an outlet part (4) coaxially adjoining the conical bottom beneath it, a closing element (5) arranged substantially at the bottom end of the outlet part and an insert (6) coaxially arranged in the lower zone of the conical bottom, wherein between the inner wall (7) of the bottom and the outer wall (8) of the insert provision is made for an annular gap (9) and the inner wall (10, 11) of the insert is conically enlarged upwards in its upper zone (10) and is substantially cylindrical in its lower zone (11), wherein in this lower zone of the insert there is coaxially arranged a pipe (12) formed-on thereto which surrounds the lower zone of the insert and is capable of vertical displacement thereon by means actuable from outside the hopper, wherein
    (a) the upper diameter of the outlet part (4) and the outer diameter of the annular gap (9) are substantially congruent,
    (b) the bottom end of the displaceable pipe (12) is displaceable down below the plane of the annular gap (9) and down below the bottom end of the inner wall (10, 11)

    characterized in that
    (c) a second closing element (13) is arranged in the lower zone of the insert (6) in the vicinity of the transition (10, 11) of the inner wall of the insert from its conical upper zone to its cylindrical lower zone for regulating the rate flow of the loose material through the insert,
    (d) provision is made for means for setting the second closing element (13) which are actuable from outside the hopper .
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom end of the displaceable pipe (12) is displaceable up to above the plane of the annular gap (9) and up to above the bottom end of the inner wall (10, 11).
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for displacing the pipe (12) and the means for setting the second closing element (13) can be controlled in relation to the position of the pipe (12), the second closing element (13), and the first closing element (5) arranged on the outlet part (4), in order to adapt the rates of flow of the particles of the loose material at the annular gap (9) and at the second closing element (13) to each other and to the rate of flow of the loose material as a whole at the first closing element (5), it being possible for the control of the rates of flow to be set in relation to the properties of the loose material.
  4. Use of the apparatus according to claim 1 for the continuous mixing of loose material.
EP87112451A 1986-09-03 1987-08-27 Apparatus for blending particulate material in a bunker Expired - Lifetime EP0262400B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3565/86 1986-09-03
CH3565/86A CH670439A5 (en) 1986-09-03 1986-09-03

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EP0262400A1 EP0262400A1 (en) 1988-04-06
EP0262400B1 true EP0262400B1 (en) 1991-10-30

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EP87112451A Expired - Lifetime EP0262400B1 (en) 1986-09-03 1987-08-27 Apparatus for blending particulate material in a bunker

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EP (1) EP0262400B1 (en)
CH (1) CH670439A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3774231D1 (en)

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ES2424568B2 (en) * 2013-06-04 2014-04-28 Universidad De La Rioja Feeder car for compressor machine and its use

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3029986A (en) * 1960-03-21 1962-04-17 Union Carbide Corp Blending apparatus for free-flowing granular materials
DE2742904C2 (en) * 1977-09-23 1983-08-11 Wäschle Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 7980 Ravensburg Device for pneumatic mixing of bulk material
DE2812092A1 (en) * 1978-03-20 1979-10-04 Peters Ag Claudius Gravity mixing of particulate materials - by circulation round vessel with several side branches which can be simultaneously sealed off
US4286883A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-09-01 Jenike & Johanson, Inc. Blending apparatus for bulk solids

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EP0262400A1 (en) 1988-04-06
CH670439A5 (en) 1989-06-15
DE3774231D1 (en) 1991-12-05

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