EP0260245A2 - Multiple-effect projectile - Google Patents

Multiple-effect projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0260245A2
EP0260245A2 EP87870121A EP87870121A EP0260245A2 EP 0260245 A2 EP0260245 A2 EP 0260245A2 EP 87870121 A EP87870121 A EP 87870121A EP 87870121 A EP87870121 A EP 87870121A EP 0260245 A2 EP0260245 A2 EP 0260245A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
charge
projectile according
envelope
pyrotechnic charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87870121A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0260245B1 (en
EP0260245A3 (en
Inventor
A. Gabriels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fabrique Nationale Nouvelle Herstal Afgekort Fnnh
Original Assignee
FN Herstal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FN Herstal SA filed Critical FN Herstal SA
Priority to AT87870121T priority Critical patent/ATE67030T1/en
Publication of EP0260245A2 publication Critical patent/EP0260245A2/en
Publication of EP0260245A3 publication Critical patent/EP0260245A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0260245B1 publication Critical patent/EP0260245B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multiple-effect projectile without a conventional rocket, in particular a projectile making it possible to achieve three forms of damage to a target, namely: a piercing effect, a fragmentation effect and an incendiary effect.
  • Projectiles of this type comprising, placed in front of an explosive charge, an incendiary charge, the combustion speed of which determines the delay between the ignition of this incendiary charge at the time of the percussion of the target and the ignition of the explosive charge , thus causing the fragmentation effect and the incendiary effect after the penetration of the projectile into the target.
  • the various incendiary and explosive charges are housed in relatively thin envelopes and partially surrounding a heavy metal core placed in the rear part of the projectile.
  • a disadvantage of this embodiment is its limited fragmentation effect because of the small amount of metal, forming the fragments, which surrounds the explosive charge.
  • the explosive charge is in a more resistant body, which ensures good fragmentation behind the pierced armor.
  • the disadvantage of this embodiment is however that the shape of the projectile is such that the penetration capacity is rather poor.
  • the main object of the invention is a projectile eliminating the above drawbacks, this projectile ensuring an incendiary and fragmentation effect after penetration, i.e. behind the target, for both light and heavier targets.
  • Said projectile is substantially constituted by a hollow perforating body 1 preferably made of hardened steel, surrounded by an envelope 2, for example of brass, closed at the rear by means of a closing plumb 3.
  • Said body 1 extends over almost the entire length of the projectile.
  • This body 1 is crossed by a borehole longitudinal 4.
  • this borehole 4 has a portion 5 of larger diameter in order to form a housing for the plug 6, while the other end of said borehole 4 has a portion 7 of reduced diameter in order to 'Obtain that the front mass of the body 1 is as large as possible so as to achieve a considerable penetration element.
  • the latter is provided with a chamfer so as to obtain a pointed element 8.
  • the projectile is completed by a delay pyrotechnic charge 9 and a rear incendiary charge 10 between which an explosive charge 11 is trapped.
  • Said body 1 has a length slightly less than the total length of the envelope 2 in order to form at the front of said body a chamber comprising a part of said delay pyrotechnic charge 9, the other part of which is engaged in said body 1.
  • the body Upon impact of the projectile according to the invention, the body 1, by its pointed shape, ensures its penetration into and through the target.
  • the delay pyrotechnic charge 9 is initiated by the heating generated by the crushing of the tip of the envelope 2.
  • the delay thus obtained is sufficient for the ignition of the explosive charge 11 to take place only after the total penetration of the projectile through the target.
  • the detonation of this charge 11 ensures the fragmentation of the body 1 of the projectile behind or in the target.
  • the envelope 2 is only provided on a certain part of the body 1.
  • the envelope 2 is constituted by parts 12 and 13 fixed in any manner on the ends of said body 1.
  • FIG. 3 represents an embodiment according to which the body 1 is provided with a hollow pointed element 8 so as to improve the attachment of said body to inclined targets.
  • FIG. 4 represents a projectile according to the invention of the type provided with a forcing belt 14.
  • the part 12 of said envelope becomes superfluous.
  • FIG. 5 represents a variant in which the explosive charge 11 is also provided in part 7 of the longitudinal borehole 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The multiple-effect projectile is characterised in that it consists substantially of an actual projectile body (1) surrounded at least partially by a casing (2), the body (1) having a longitudinal bore (4) enclosing at least one explosive charge (11), a rear incendiary charge (10) and a plug (6). <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un projectile à effets multiples, sans fusée classique, notamment un projectile permettant d'atteindre trois formes d'endommagement d'une cible, à savoir: un effet perforant, un effet de fragmentation et un effet incendiaire.The invention relates to a multiple-effect projectile without a conventional rocket, in particular a projectile making it possible to achieve three forms of damage to a target, namely: a piercing effect, a fragmentation effect and an incendiary effect.

On connaît des projectiles de ce type comportant, disposée devant une charge explosive, une charge in­cendiaire dont la vitesse de combustion détermine le retard entre l'allumage de cette charge incendiaire au moment de la percussion de la cible et l'allumage de la charge explosive, provoquant ainsi l'effet de fragmentation et l'effet incendiaire après la péné­tration du projectile dans la cible.Projectiles of this type are known comprising, placed in front of an explosive charge, an incendiary charge, the combustion speed of which determines the delay between the ignition of this incendiary charge at the time of the percussion of the target and the ignition of the explosive charge , thus causing the fragmentation effect and the incendiary effect after the penetration of the projectile into the target.

Dans cette réalisation les différentes charges incen­diares et explosive sont logées dans des enveloppes re­lativement minces et entourant partiellement un noyau en métal lourd placé dans la partie arrière du projec­tile.In this embodiment the various incendiary and explosive charges are housed in relatively thin envelopes and partially surrounding a heavy metal core placed in the rear part of the projectile.

Un inconvénient de cette réalisation est son effet de fragmentation limité à cause de la petite quantité de métal, formant les éclats, qui entoure la charge explo­sive.A disadvantage of this embodiment is its limited fragmentation effect because of the small amount of metal, forming the fragments, which surrounds the explosive charge.

Un autre inconvénient d'une telle réalisation est l'ab­sence quasi totale d'effets secondaires (fragmentation et incendiaire) derrière une cible relativement épaisse. En effet, à l'impact d'une cible plus épaisse, l'enve­loppe mince contenant les charges explosive et incendiai­res est arrêtée à l'extérieur du blindage pendant que lek noyau lourd, ayant un diamètre plus petit, perfore ce dernier. Les effets de fragmentation et incendiaires se produisent dnc seulement devant le blindage.Another drawback of such an achievement is the almost total absence of side effects (fragmentation and incendiary) behind a relatively thick target. Indeed, on impact of a thicker target, the thin envelope containing the explosive and incendiary charges is stopped outside the armor while the heavy core, having a smaller diameter, perforates the latter. Fragmentation and incendiary effects only occur in front of the armor.

Sont également connus de tels projectiles comportant plu­sieurs charges incendiaires disposés avant la charge explosive afin d'obtenir un effet de retard prolongé entre l'allumage des charges incendiaires et explosive.Also known are such projectiles comprising several incendiary charges placed before the explosive charge in order to obtain a prolonged delay effect between the ignition of the incendiary and explosive charges.

Dans cette réalisation la charge explosive se trouve dans un corps plus résistant, ce qui assure une bonne fragmen­tation derrière le blindage percé. L'inconvénient de cette réalisation est toutefois que la forme du projectile est telle que la capacité de pénétration est plutôt médiocre.In this embodiment the explosive charge is in a more resistant body, which ensures good fragmentation behind the pierced armor. The disadvantage of this embodiment is however that the shape of the projectile is such that the penetration capacity is rather poor.

L'invention a pour but principal un projectile suppri­mant des susdits inconvénients, ce projectile assurant un effet incendiaire et de fragmentation après la pé­nétration, c.à.d. derrière la cible, et ce tant pour des cibles légères que pour des cibles plus lourdes.The main object of the invention is a projectile eliminating the above drawbacks, this projectile ensuring an incendiary and fragmentation effect after penetration, i.e. behind the target, for both light and heavier targets.

Afin de mieux faire comprendre l'invention, des réali­sations de projectiles selon l'invention sont décrites ci-après en se référant aux dessins annexés, dans les­quels:

  • la figure 1 représente, en coupe longitudinale, un projectile selon l'invention;
  • les figures 1 à 5 sont des vues semblables à celle de la figure 1, mais pour des variantes.
In order to better understand the invention, embodiments of projectiles according to the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows, in longitudinal section, a projectile according to the invention;
  • Figures 1 to 5 are views similar to that of Figure 1, but for variants.

Ledit projectile est substantiellement constitué par un corps perforant creux 1 de préférence en acier trempé, entouré d'une enveloppe 2, par exemple en laiton, fermé à l'arrière au moyen d'un plomb de fermeture 3.Said projectile is substantially constituted by a hollow perforating body 1 preferably made of hardened steel, surrounded by an envelope 2, for example of brass, closed at the rear by means of a closing plumb 3.

Ledit corps 1 s'étend sur à peu près toute la longueur du projectile. Ce corps 1 est traversé par un forage longitudinal 4. A l'extrémité arrière du projectile, ce forage 4 présente une partie 5 de plus grand dia­mètre afin de former un logement pour le bouchon 6, tandis que l'autre extrémité dudit forage 4 présente une partie 7 à diamètre réduit afin d'obtenir que la masse avant du corps 1 soit aussi grande que possible de manière à réaliser un élément de pénétration consi­dérable. Cependant, rien n'empêche de prévoir un fo­rage 5 sur toute la longueur du corps 1.Said body 1 extends over almost the entire length of the projectile. This body 1 is crossed by a borehole longitudinal 4. At the rear end of the projectile, this borehole 4 has a portion 5 of larger diameter in order to form a housing for the plug 6, while the other end of said borehole 4 has a portion 7 of reduced diameter in order to 'Obtain that the front mass of the body 1 is as large as possible so as to achieve a considerable penetration element. However, nothing prevents the provision of a borehole 5 over the entire length of the body 1.

En vue d'accentuer encore l'effet de pénétration dudit corps 1, celui-ci est pourvu d'un chanfrein de manière à obtenir un élément pointu 8.In order to further accentuate the penetration effect of said body 1, the latter is provided with a chamfer so as to obtain a pointed element 8.

Le projectile est complété par ujne charge pyrotechnique à retard 9 et une charge incendiaire arrière 10 entre lesquelles est emprisonnée une charge explosive 11.The projectile is completed by a delay pyrotechnic charge 9 and a rear incendiary charge 10 between which an explosive charge 11 is trapped.

Ledit corps 1 présente une longueur légèrement infé­rieure à la longueur totale de l'enveloppe 2 afin de former à l'avant dudit corps une chambre comportant une partie de ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard 9 dont l'autre partie est engagée dans ledit corps 1.Said body 1 has a length slightly less than the total length of the envelope 2 in order to form at the front of said body a chamber comprising a part of said delay pyrotechnic charge 9, the other part of which is engaged in said body 1.

Lors de l'impact du projectile selon l'invention, le corps 1, de par sa forme pointue, assure sa pénétration dans et au travers de la cible.Upon impact of the projectile according to the invention, the body 1, by its pointed shape, ensures its penetration into and through the target.

Au contact de la cible, la charge pyrotechnique à re­tard 9 est initiée grâce à l'échauffement généré à l'écrasement de la pointe de l'enveloppe 2.In contact with the target, the delay pyrotechnic charge 9 is initiated by the heating generated by the crushing of the tip of the envelope 2.

Le retard ainsi obtenu est suffisant pour que l'allumage de la charge explosive 11 n'ait lieu qu'après la péné­tration totale du projectile au travers de la cible. La détonation de cette charge 11 assure la fragmentation du corps 1 du projectile derrière ou dans la cible.The delay thus obtained is sufficient for the ignition of the explosive charge 11 to take place only after the total penetration of the projectile through the target. The detonation of this charge 11 ensures the fragmentation of the body 1 of the projectile behind or in the target.

En même temps, on obtient l'allumage de la charge incen­diaire 10 derrière ou dans la cible.At the same time, the ignition of the incendiary charge 10 is obtained behind or in the target.

Il est évident qu'on réalise ainsi un projectile permet­tant, après perforation de la cible, à la fois une frag­mentation et un effet incendiaire.It is obvious that a projectile is thus produced allowing, after perforation of the target, both a fragmentation and an incendiary effect.

Dans la vairante de la figure 2, l'enveloppe 2 n'est prévue que sur une certaine partie du corps 1. En l'occurrence, l'enveloppe 2 est constituée par des parties 12 et 13 fi­xées d'une manière quelconque sur les extrémités dudit corps 1.In the alternative of FIG. 2, the envelope 2 is only provided on a certain part of the body 1. In this case, the envelope 2 is constituted by parts 12 and 13 fixed in any manner on the ends of said body 1.

On obtient ainsi que la masse de pénétration est sensi­blement augmentée.It is thus obtained that the penetration mass is significantly increased.

La variante selon la figure 3 représente une réalisation selon laquelle le corps 1 est pourvu d'un élément pointu creux 8 de manière à améliorer l'accrochage dudit corps à des cibles inclinées.The variant according to FIG. 3 represents an embodiment according to which the body 1 is provided with a hollow pointed element 8 so as to improve the attachment of said body to inclined targets.

La figure 4 représente un projectile selon l'invention du type pourvu d'une ceinture de forcement 14. Dans cet exem­ple, la partie 12 de ladite enveloppe devient superflue.FIG. 4 represents a projectile according to the invention of the type provided with a forcing belt 14. In this example, the part 12 of said envelope becomes superfluous.

Enfin, la figure 5 représente une variante dans laquelle la charge explosive 11 est également prévue dans la partie 7 du forage longitudinal 4.Finally, FIG. 5 represents a variant in which the explosive charge 11 is also provided in part 7 of the longitudinal borehole 4.

L'invention n'est nullement limitée aux exemples qui vien­nent d'être décrits.The invention is in no way limited to the examples which have just been described.

Claims (12)

1.- Projectile à effets multiples, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste substantiellement en un corps de projectile pro­prement dit (1) entouré au moins partiellement d'une envelop­pe (2), ledit corps (1) présentant un forage longitudinal (4) enfermant au moins une charge explosive 11, une charge incen­diaire arrière (10) et une bouchon (6)1.- Multiple-effect projectile, characterized in that it consists essentially of a projectile body proper (1) at least partially surrounded by an envelope (2), said body (1) having a longitudinal bore (4) enclosing at least one explosive charge 11, a rear incendiary charge (10) and a plug (6) 2.- Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste substantiellement en un corps de projectile proprement dit (1) entouré au moins partiellement d'une en­veloppe (2), ledit corps (1) présentant un forage longitudi­nal (4) enfermant, respectivement, une charge pyrotechnique à retard (9), une charge explosive (11), une charge incendiai­re arrière (10) et un bouchon (6).2.- Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists substantially of a projectile body proper (1) at least partially surrounded by an envelope (2), said body (1) having a longitudinal bore (4 ) enclosing, respectively, a delay pyrotechnic charge (9), an explosive charge (11), a rear incendiary charge (10) and a plug (6). 3.- Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur totale dudit corps de projectile (1) est légèrement inférieure à la longueur de ladite enveloppe (2) afin de réaliser, à l'avant du corps (1), une chambres com­portant une charge pyrotechniques à retard (9).3.- Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the total length of said projectile body (1) is slightly less than the length of said envelope (2) in order to produce, at the front of the body (1), a chambers with a delay pyrotechnic charge (9). 4.- Projectile selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur totale dudit corps de projectile (1) est légèrement inférieure à la longueur de ladite enveloppe (2) afin de réaliser, à l'avant du corps (1), une chambre com­portant une partie de ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard (9), l'autre partie étant engagée dans le corps de projecti­le (1).4.- Projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the total length of said projectile body (1) is slightly less than the length of said envelope (2) in order to produce, at the front of the body (1), a chamber comprising a part of said delay pyrotechnic charge (9), the other part being engaged in the body of projectile (1). 5.- Projectile selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe 2 est constituée par deux parties, respectivement (12) et (13), fixées sur les extrémités du­dit corps (1), la partie avant (13) constituant une chambre comportant une partie de ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard (9).5.- Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the casing 2 is constituted by two parts, respectively (12) and (13), fixed on the ends of said body (1), the front part (13) constituting a chamber comprising part of said delay pyrotechnic charge (9). 6.- Projectile selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe (2) est constituée uniquement par une partie (13) fixée sur l'extrémité avant dudit corps (1), cette partie (13) constituant une chambre comportant une partie de ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard (9).6.- Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the envelope (2) consists only of a part (13) fixed on the front end of said body (1), this part (13) constituting a chamber comprising part of said delay pyrotechnic charge (9). 7.- Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le forage (4) présente, à l'avant du corps (1), une partie à diamètre réduit (7) afin d'obtenir une masse locale considérable.7.- Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the borehole (4) has, at the front of the body (1), a reduced diameter portion (7) in order to obtain a considerable local mass. 8.- Projectile selon l'une revendications 3 à 6, carac­térisé en ce que ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard (9) est partiellement engagée dans le forage (4) du corps (1).8.- Projectile according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that said delay pyrotechnic charge (9) is partially engaged in the drilling (4) of the body (1). 9.- Projectile selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit forage (4) présente, à l'endroit de ladite charge pyrotechnique à retard (9), un diamètre réduit (7).9.- Projectile according to claim 8, characterized in that said borehole (4) has, at the location of said delay pyrotechnic charge (9), a reduced diameter (7). 10.- Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité avant du corps (1) est pourvue d'un chanfrein de manière à obtenir un élément pointu (8).10.- Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front end of the body (1) is provided with a chamfer so as to obtain a pointed element (8). 11.- Projectile selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit chanfrein est prévu à l'extérieur dudit corps (1).11.- Projectile according to claim 10, characterized in that said chamfer is provided outside of said body (1). 12.- Projectile selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit chanfrein est prévu à l'intérieur dudit corps (1).12.- Projectile according to claim 10, characterized in that said chamfer is provided inside said body (1).
EP87870121A 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Multiple-effect projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0260245B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87870121T ATE67030T1 (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 BLASTING BULLET.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE61042 1986-09-04
BE261042 1986-09-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0260245A2 true EP0260245A2 (en) 1988-03-16
EP0260245A3 EP0260245A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0260245B1 EP0260245B1 (en) 1991-09-04

Family

ID=3865822

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87870121A Expired - Lifetime EP0260245B1 (en) 1986-09-04 1987-09-04 Multiple-effect projectile

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0260245B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE67030T1 (en)
DE (2) DE260245T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2004323B3 (en)
GR (2) GR880300167T1 (en)
HK (1) HK38092A (en)
SG (1) SG9292G (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2371103A (en) * 1989-02-24 2002-07-17 Hunting Eng Ltd Cratering munitions

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2364643A (en) * 1941-02-12 1944-12-12 Wiley T Moore Explosive projectile
US2364646A (en) * 1941-08-18 1944-12-12 Richard N Nelson Explosive bullet
US2475632A (en) * 1942-03-19 1949-07-12 Wiley T Moore Bullet
US2532323A (en) * 1942-03-30 1950-12-05 Jr George A Miller Bullet
DE1240760B (en) * 1962-12-24 1967-05-18 Diehl Fa Tank incendiary bullet
FR2533309A1 (en) * 1981-03-27 1984-03-23 Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker IMPROVED PROJECTILE WITH MULTIPLE POSSIBILITIES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE PROJECTILE
US4625650A (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-12-02 Olin Corporation Multiple effect ammunition

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2364643A (en) * 1941-02-12 1944-12-12 Wiley T Moore Explosive projectile
US2364646A (en) * 1941-08-18 1944-12-12 Richard N Nelson Explosive bullet
US2475632A (en) * 1942-03-19 1949-07-12 Wiley T Moore Bullet
US2532323A (en) * 1942-03-30 1950-12-05 Jr George A Miller Bullet
DE1240760B (en) * 1962-12-24 1967-05-18 Diehl Fa Tank incendiary bullet
FR2533309A1 (en) * 1981-03-27 1984-03-23 Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker IMPROVED PROJECTILE WITH MULTIPLE POSSIBILITIES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE PROJECTILE
US4625650A (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-12-02 Olin Corporation Multiple effect ammunition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2371103A (en) * 1989-02-24 2002-07-17 Hunting Eng Ltd Cratering munitions
GB2371103B (en) * 1989-02-24 2002-11-20 Hunting Eng Ltd Cratering munitions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG9292G (en) 1992-03-20
DE260245T1 (en) 1989-01-05
ES2004323B3 (en) 1992-03-01
HK38092A (en) 1992-06-04
EP0260245B1 (en) 1991-09-04
EP0260245A3 (en) 1988-10-05
ES2004323A4 (en) 1989-01-01
GR880300167T1 (en) 1989-01-31
DE3772680D1 (en) 1991-10-10
ATE67030T1 (en) 1991-09-15
GR3002705T3 (en) 1993-01-25

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