EP0247997B1 - Rotary transmitter - Google Patents

Rotary transmitter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247997B1
EP0247997B1 EP87890115A EP87890115A EP0247997B1 EP 0247997 B1 EP0247997 B1 EP 0247997B1 EP 87890115 A EP87890115 A EP 87890115A EP 87890115 A EP87890115 A EP 87890115A EP 0247997 B1 EP0247997 B1 EP 0247997B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
rotor
signal
windings
coils
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87890115A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0247997A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Ritzinger
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Priority to AT87890115T priority Critical patent/ATE60173T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/12—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using detecting coils using the machine windings as detecting coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F21/00—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type
    • H01F21/02—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers
    • H01F21/06—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers by movement of core or part of core relative to the windings as a whole
    • H01F21/065—Measures for obtaining a desired relation between the position of the core and the inductance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/22—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
    • H02K19/24—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K24/00—Machines adapted for the instantaneous transmission or reception of the angular displacement of rotating parts, e.g. synchro, selsyn

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotary encoder with a stator, which has a signal coil with at least two signal windings offset from one another by predetermined angles and a cylindrical excitation coil with a straight excitation winding arranged concentrically to the signal coil, at least one of the coils having a core made of magnetically conductive material is assigned, and with a rotor which has at least a pair of diametrically opposite guide pieces made of magnetically conductive material.
  • the stator In a rotary encoder which has become known from US Pat. No. 2,704,353, the stator consists of an outer toroidal winding, which is wound over a toroidal core, and has three taps to form a 3-phase system.
  • an excitation coil designed as an air coil with a straight cylinder winding is provided in a concentric arrangement.
  • a swashplate made of soft iron is rotatably mounted on the axis of a magnetic compass.
  • the respective torsion angle of the rotor can also be calculated from the output voltages, as is the case e.g. in DE-A-34 32 395, but for a rotary encoder with a rotor carrying the excitation coil.
  • the known rotary encoder has the advantage of a simply constructed and light rotor of low mass inertia compared to other known solutions which, as mentioned above, have a rotor with an excitation winding, but the use of a toroidal core with a toroid winding leads to high manufacturing costs. In addition, the local coupling between the two coils is only very weak, so that a relatively high excitation power is required to achieve sufficiently large output signals.
  • a rotary encoder of the type mentioned has become known.
  • the rotor lies between an inner and an outer coil and two air gaps come into effect, namely an inner and an outer, which results in a critical and voluminous mechanical structure.
  • US-A-4 551 699 describes a differential transformer with an excitation coil and sensor coils separate therefrom, some of which, however, must be referred to as obliquely wound coils.
  • the structure shows that the known arrangement is certainly sensitive to tolerances with respect to axial or radial displacements of the rotor. Furthermore, the change in the coupling as a function of the angle of rotation is small, since only a small part of the rotor is responsible for the change in flow. An outer jacket is not provided.
  • the likewise coilless rotor runs within a combination of two coils, one of which is the excitation coil and the other is the divided signal coil.
  • windings inserted in slots are used in the same way as in electrical machines, which leads to a correspondingly complicated shaped stator and an extremely complex production.
  • the outer core (jacket) absolutely requires pole shoes, since these are assigned to the guide pieces.
  • US-A-2 866 913 discloses a rotary encoder which has a gearwheel rotating within the poles of a stator.
  • the poles of the stator are each wound with excitation and sensor windings.
  • the construction of this encoder is extremely complex and therefore expensive to manufacture.
  • the applicant's EP-A2-214 114 shows a rotary encoder with a helical winding coil, but a rotor with a winding is used here, which among other things necessitates the use of slip rings or a rotary transformer: the concentric arrangement of two coils also results from this Document does not appear.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a rotary encoder, the construction of which on the one hand allows simple and inexpensive production and which on the other hand can ensure the precision required to achieve high resolution and reproducibility.
  • the solution according to the invention allows the use of commercially available helical winding coils, which in connection with direct current machines e.g. have become known from DE-A-22 61 236 or from DE-A-29 31 724.
  • Such coils can be produced fully automatically with high accuracy and inexpensively on winding machines. Since the plane of each coil winding is inclined against the radial field direction, a sinusoidal signal curve inevitably results, which is also favored by interconnecting the opposite individual windings. Because of the use of a coilless rotor, the problems associated with feeding the rotor winding are eliminated and the cylindrical excitation coil can also be wound automatically.
  • the jacket made of magnetically conductive material leads to a good field line concentration, which requires only a low excitation power.
  • a rotary encoder according to the invention with a rotor 2, the guide piece at least two along one Cylinder surface curved tabs 12, 13 made of sheet metal, which extend from two axially offset sheet metal rings 10, 11 from each in the direction of the other ring, in which the jacket 7 at its two ends, the sheet metal rings 10 11 of the rotor 2 concentrically encompassing pole rings 8, has the advantage that undesirable stray fields, especially reducing efficiency, can be kept very small.
  • jacket is electrically conductive, there is an additional advantage that axial alternating fields, e.g. originate from a stepper motor connected to the encoder, are greatly weakened.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rotary encoder according to the invention in an axial section
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows the guide pieces of the rotor in a diagrammatic illustration
  • FIG. 4 in a diagrammatic illustration Representation of the signal coil with one turn of a signal winding and Fig. 5, the interconnection of individual windings of the signal coil.
  • the rotary encoder consists essentially of a stator 1 and a rotor 2, which is connected to a shaft 3, e.g. is connected to the shaft of a stepper motor, not shown, whose respective angle of rotation is to be displayed.
  • the rotor 2 can have its own bearing or can sit freely on the shaft 3, which is mounted elsewhere, outside the rotary encoder.
  • the stator 1 has two cylindrical coils lying concentrically to one another, namely an outer excitation coil 4 with a straight winding and an inner signal coil 5 with oblique windings.
  • an outer excitation coil 4 with a straight winding and an inner signal coil 5 with oblique windings.
  • six individual windings 5a, b, c, d, e, f, each offset by 60 °, are provided, which are shown schematically in FIG. 5.
  • 4 shows a single turn 6 of one of the individual windings 5 a to f.
  • each of the individual windings extends - seen in a cross section of the signal coil 5 - over 60 °, but it should be noted that because of the oblique winding manner, each turn of each individual winding 5 a to f actually seen in plan view, that is, in the direction of the coil axis Extends 360 °.
  • both coils can be exchanged just as well, so that the excitation coil 4 is on the inside.
  • Both coils 4, 5 are assigned a cylindrical jacket 7 made of magnetically conductive material on the outside.
  • the jacket is provided with pole rings 8 at both ends.
  • both coils 4, 5 lie on the inner surface of the jacket 7 and between the pole rings 8 such that the inner surface of the signal coil 5 is aligned with the inner surfaces of the pole rings 8 and a continuous cylindrical inner surface of the stator 1 is obtained.
  • the jacket 7 can be made of ferrite, dynamo sheet or the like. be made.
  • the rotor 2 consists of a non-ferromagnetic, e.g. plastic carrier 9, which sits on the shaft 3.
  • two sheet metal strips of the type shown in Fig. 3 are attached, e.g. glued, which consist of two axially offset sheet metal rings 10, 11, of which, offset from each other by 180 °, two integral with the rings 10, 11 formed, along a cylindrical surface curved tabs 12, 13 each extend in the direction of the other ring .
  • the rings 10, 11 with the associated tabs 12, 13 form guide pieces 14, 15 for the magnetic field and they consist of magnetically conductive material, e.g. made of soft iron sheet.
  • the rotor 2 can rotate within the stator 1, leaving an air gap 16.
  • the excitation coil 4 is applied to a low-frequency AC voltage, which results in an essentially axial AC flow.
  • an alternating voltage of the same amount and same phase would be induced in each of the obliquely wound individual windings, so that there is no voltage at the output terminals of two windings connected in phase opposition (for example 5a, 5d in FIG. 5).
  • the alternating magnetic flux is deflected in the radial direction at two diametrically opposite points (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • the angle a can be calculated from two of the three signal voltages u e , u b , Uc , but it is expedient to be able to use all three signal voltages, since division by zero values can then be avoided.
  • the calculation of the angle a can be carried out in known circuits in an analog or digital manner and is not the subject of the present invention.
  • the magnetically conductive jacket 7 can be produced from a material which is also electrically conductive. Since the air gap 16 between the rotor 2 and the inner surface of the coil 5 should be small, it may also be advisable to provide the inner surface of the signal coil 5 with a hard protective layer (not shown) in order to prevent the guide pieces 14, 15 from grinding to avoid damage to the winding on the coil 5.
  • the excitation coil 4 and the signal coil 5 are interchangeable in terms of position. Furthermore, it is also possible to arrange the jacket made of conductive material on the inside of the coils, with guide pieces of the rotor then encompassing the coils from the outside.
  • the guide pieces can also have other shapes, e.g. run rod-like along a cylinder generator and it is also conceivable - with reduced efficiency - instead of using a single guide piece instead of a pair of guide pieces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A synchro generator comprising a stator having a signal coil with at least two signal windings offset at predetermined angles relative to each other, and an exciter coil having an exciter winding concentric with the signal coil. A core of magnetically conductive material is allocated to at least one of the coils, and comprises a rotor of magnetically conductive material asymmetric relative to its axis of rotation. The signal coil is a cylindrical coil with obliquely wound windings, and the exciter coil is a cylindrical coil with a straight (spool) wound winding. A substantially cylindrical shell of magnetically conductive material is allocated to the coils and the rotor comprises at least a pair of diametrically opposed conducting members of magnetically conductive material.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Drehgeber mit einem Stator, der eine Signalspule mit zumindest zwei, um vorgegebene Winkel gegeneinander versetzten Signalwicklungen sowie eine zu der Signalspule konzentrisch angeordnete, zylindrische Erregerspule mit gerader Erregerwicklung aufweist, wobei zumindest einer der Spulen ein Kern aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material zugeordnet ist, und mit einem Rotor, der zumindest ein Paar einander diametral gegenüberliegender Leitstücke aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material aufweist.The invention relates to a rotary encoder with a stator, which has a signal coil with at least two signal windings offset from one another by predetermined angles and a cylindrical excitation coil with a straight excitation winding arranged concentrically to the signal coil, at least one of the coils having a core made of magnetically conductive material is assigned, and with a rotor which has at least a pair of diametrically opposite guide pieces made of magnetically conductive material.

Bei einem aus der US-A-2 704 353 bekannt gewordenen Drehgeber besteht der Stator aus einer äußeren, über einen Ringkern gewickelten Toroidwicklung mit drei Anzapfungen zur Bildung eines 3-Phasensystems. Innerhalb dieser Signalspule ist in konzentrischer Anordnung eine als Luftspule ausgebildete Erregerspule mit gerader Zylinderwicklung vorgesehen. Innerhalb dieser Spulenanordnung ist eine Taumelscheibe aus Weicheisen drehbar auf der Achse eines Magnetkompaß gelagert.In a rotary encoder which has become known from US Pat. No. 2,704,353, the stator consists of an outer toroidal winding, which is wound over a toroidal core, and has three taps to form a 3-phase system. Within this signal coil, an excitation coil designed as an air coil with a straight cylinder winding is provided in a concentric arrangement. Within this coil arrangement, a swashplate made of soft iron is rotatably mounted on the axis of a magnetic compass.

Ohne Weicheisenscheibe würde theoretisch keine Spannung aus der mit Wechselspannung gespeisten Erregerspule in der Signalspule induziert, da deren Wicklungen und Feldlinien orthogonal stehen. Je nach Lage der Taumelscheibe wird jedoch lokal ein von Null verschiedener Gegeninduktionskoeffizient vorhanden sein, sodaß an den Ausgängen des 3-Phasensystems drei Wechselspannungen auftreten, welchen im vorliegenden Fall einem Drehmelder zugeführt werden.Without a soft iron disk, theoretically no voltage would be induced in the signal coil from the excitation coil fed with AC voltage, since its windings and field lines are orthogonal. Depending on the position of the swash plate, however, a non-zero mutual induction coefficient will be present locally, so that three AC voltages occur at the outputs of the 3-phase system, which in the present case are fed to a resolver.

Aus den Ausgangsspannungen läßt sich jedoch auch rechnerisch der jeweilige Verdrehwinkel des Rotors berechnen, wie dies z.B. in der DE-A-34 32 395, allerdings für einen Drehgeber mit einem die Erregerspule tragenden Rotor, beschrieben ist.However, the respective torsion angle of the rotor can also be calculated from the output voltages, as is the case e.g. in DE-A-34 32 395, but for a rotary encoder with a rotor carrying the excitation coil.

Der bekannte Drehgeber weist zwar gegenüber anderen bekannten Lösungen, die-wie oben erwähnt - einen Rotor mit einer Erregerwicklung besitzen, den Vorteil eines einfach aufgebauten und leichten Rotors geringer Massenträgheit auf, doch führt die Verwendung eines Ringkernes mit Toroidwicklung zu hohen Herstellungskosten. Überdies ist die lokale Kopplung zwischen den beiden Spulen nur sehr schwach, sodaß zur Erzielung genügend großer Ausgangssignale eine verhältnismäßig hohe Erregerleistung erforderlich ist.The known rotary encoder has the advantage of a simply constructed and light rotor of low mass inertia compared to other known solutions which, as mentioned above, have a rotor with an excitation winding, but the use of a toroidal core with a toroid winding leads to high manufacturing costs. In addition, the local coupling between the two coils is only very weak, so that a relatively high excitation power is required to achieve sufficiently large output signals.

Aus der FR-A-1 111 737 ist ein Drehgeber der eingangs genannten Art bekannt geworden. Hier liegt der Rotor zwischen einer inneren und einer äußeren Spule und es kommen zwei Luftspalte, nämlich ein innerer und ein äußerer zur Wirkung, wodurch sich ein kritischer und voluminöser mechanischer Aufbau ergibt.From FR-A-1 111 737 a rotary encoder of the type mentioned has become known. Here the rotor lies between an inner and an outer coil and two air gaps come into effect, namely an inner and an outer, which results in a critical and voluminous mechanical structure.

Die US-A-4 551 699 beschreibt einen Differentialtransformator mit einer Erregerspule und von dieser getrennte Sensorspulen, die allerdings zum Teil als schräggewickelte Spulen bezeichnet werden müssen. Aus dem Aufbau geht hervor, daß die bekannte Anordnung sicher toleranzempfindlich bezüglich axialer oder radialer Verschiebungen des Rotors ist. Weiters ist die Änderung der Kopplung in Abhängigkeit von dem Drehwinkel gering, da nur ein kleiner Teil des Rotors für die Flußänderung verantwortlich ist. Ein äußerer Mantel ist nicht vorgesehen.US-A-4 551 699 describes a differential transformer with an excitation coil and sensor coils separate therefrom, some of which, however, must be referred to as obliquely wound coils. The structure shows that the known arrangement is certainly sensitive to tolerances with respect to axial or radial displacements of the rotor. Furthermore, the change in the coupling as a function of the angle of rotation is small, since only a small part of the rotor is responsible for the change in flow. An outer jacket is not provided.

Bei der Anordnung nach der FR-A-453 315 verläuft der gleichfalls spulenlose Rotor innerhalb einer Kombination zweier Spulen, von denen eine die Erregerspule und die andere die unterteilte Signalspule ist. Allerdings werden bei dieser alten Konstruktion in gleicher Weise wie bei elektrischen Maschinen in Nuten eingelegte Wicklungen verwendet, was zu einem entsprechend kompliziert geformten Stator und einer äußerst aufwendingen Herstellung führt. Man sieht weiters, daß der äußere Kern (Mantel) unbedingt Polschuhe benötigt, da diese den Leitstücken zugeordnet sind.In the arrangement according to FR-A-453 315, the likewise coilless rotor runs within a combination of two coils, one of which is the excitation coil and the other is the divided signal coil. However, in this old construction, windings inserted in slots are used in the same way as in electrical machines, which leads to a correspondingly complicated shaped stator and an extremely complex production. It can also be seen that the outer core (jacket) absolutely requires pole shoes, since these are assigned to the guide pieces.

Aus der US-A-2 866 913 geht ein Drehgeber hervor, der ein innerhalb der Pole eines Stators rotierendes Zahnrad besitzt. Die Pole des Stators sind je mit Erreger- und Sensorwicklungen bewickelt. Der Aufbau dieses Drehgebers ist äußerst aufwendig und dementsprechend teuer in der Herstellung.US-A-2 866 913 discloses a rotary encoder which has a gearwheel rotating within the poles of a stator. The poles of the stator are each wound with excitation and sensor windings. The construction of this encoder is extremely complex and therefore expensive to manufacture.

Die EP-A2-214 114 der Anmelderin zeigt zwar einen Drehgeber mit Schrägwickelspule, doch wird hier ein Rotor mit Wicklung verwendet, was unter anderem die Notwendigkeit der Verwendung von Schleifringen oder eines Drehtransformators mit sich bringt: Auch die konzentrische Anordnung zweier Spulen geht aus diesem Dokument nicht hervor.The applicant's EP-A2-214 114 shows a rotary encoder with a helical winding coil, but a rotor with a winding is used here, which among other things necessitates the use of slip rings or a rotary transformer: the concentric arrangement of two coils also results from this Document does not appear.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt in der Schaffung eines Drehgebers, dessen Aufbau einerseits eine einfache und billige Fertigung erlaubt und der andererseits die zur Erzielung einer hohen Auflösung und Reproduzierbarkeit erforderliche Präzision gewährleisten kann.An object of the invention is to provide a rotary encoder, the construction of which on the one hand allows simple and inexpensive production and which on the other hand can ensure the precision required to achieve high resolution and reproducibility.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Drehgeber nach Anspruch 1 gelost.This object is achieved with a rotary encoder according to claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung gestattet die Verwendung handelsüblicher Schrägwickelspulen, die im Zusammenhang mit Gleichstrommaschinen z.B. aus der DE-A-22 61 236 oder aus der DE-A-29 31 724 bekannt geworden sind. Solche Spulen können mit hoher Genauigkeit und preisgünstig auf Wickelmaschinen vollautomatisch hergestellt werden. Da die Ebene jeder Spulenwicklung gegen die radiale Feldrichtung geneigt ist, ergibt sich zwangsläufig ein sinusförmiger Signalverlauf, der auch durch das gegenpolige Zusammenschalten der je gegenüberliegenden Einzelwicklungen begünstigt wird. Wegen der Verwendung eines spulenlosen Rotors entfallen die mit der Anspeisung der Rotorwicklung verbundenen Probleme und auch die zylindrische Erregerspule kann automatisch gewickelt werden. Der Mantel aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material führt zu einer guten Feldlinienkonzentration, die nur eine geringe Erregerleistung erfordert.The solution according to the invention allows the use of commercially available helical winding coils, which in connection with direct current machines e.g. have become known from DE-A-22 61 236 or from DE-A-29 31 724. Such coils can be produced fully automatically with high accuracy and inexpensively on winding machines. Since the plane of each coil winding is inclined against the radial field direction, a sinusoidal signal curve inevitably results, which is also favored by interconnecting the opposite individual windings. Because of the use of a coilless rotor, the problems associated with feeding the rotor winding are eliminated and the cylindrical excitation coil can also be wound automatically. The jacket made of magnetically conductive material leads to a good field line concentration, which requires only a low excitation power.

Ein Drehgeber nach der Erfindung mit einem Rotor 2, dessen Leitstück zumindest zwei längs einer Zylinderfläche gebogene Lappen 12, 13 aus Blech aufweisen, die sich von zwei in Achsrichtung gegeneinander versetzten Blechringen 10, 11 aus je in Richtung des anderen Ringes erstrecken, bei welchem der Mantel 7 an seinen beiden Enden die Blechringe 10 11 des Rotors 2 konzentrisch umfassende polringe 8, aufweist, bietet den Vorteil, daß unerwünschte, vor allem den Wirkungsgrad herabsetzende Streufelder sehr klein gehalten werden können.A rotary encoder according to the invention with a rotor 2, the guide piece at least two along one Cylinder surface curved tabs 12, 13 made of sheet metal, which extend from two axially offset sheet metal rings 10, 11 from each in the direction of the other ring, in which the jacket 7 at its two ends, the sheet metal rings 10 11 of the rotor 2 concentrically encompassing pole rings 8, has the advantage that undesirable stray fields, especially reducing efficiency, can be kept very small.

Wenn der Mantel elektrisch leitfähig ist, ergibt sich als zusätzlicher Vorteil, daß auch axiale Wechselfelder, die z.B. von einem mit dem Drehgeber verbundenen Schrittmotor herrühren, stark abgeschwächt werden.If the jacket is electrically conductive, there is an additional advantage that axial alternating fields, e.g. originate from a stepper motor connected to the encoder, are greatly weakened.

Die Erfindung samt ihren weiteren Vorteilen ist im folgenden an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, das in der Zeichnung veranschaulicht ist. In dieser zeigen Fig. 1 einen Drehgeber nach der Erfindung in einem Achsenschnitt, Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1, Fig. 3 die Leitstücke des Rotors in schaubildlicher, schematischer Darstellung, Fig. 4 in schaubildlicher schematischer Darstellung die Signalspule mit einer Windung einer Signalwicklung und Fig, 5 die Zusammenschaltung von Einzelwicklungen der Signalspule.The invention and its further advantages are explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the drawing. 1 shows a rotary encoder according to the invention in an axial section, FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows the guide pieces of the rotor in a diagrammatic illustration, FIG. 4 in a diagrammatic illustration Representation of the signal coil with one turn of a signal winding and Fig. 5, the interconnection of individual windings of the signal coil.

Gemäß Fig. 1 besteht der Drehgeber nach der Erfindung im wesentlichen aus einem Stator 1 und aus einem Rotor 2, der mit einer Welle 3, z.B. mit der Welle eines nicht dargestellten Schrittmotors verbunden ist, dessen jeweiliger Verdrehungswinkel angezeigt werden soll. Der Rotor 2 kann eine eigene Lagerung aufweisen oder frei auf der Welle 3 sitzen, die an anderer Stelle, außerhalb des Drehgebers gelagert ist.1, the rotary encoder according to the invention consists essentially of a stator 1 and a rotor 2, which is connected to a shaft 3, e.g. is connected to the shaft of a stepper motor, not shown, whose respective angle of rotation is to be displayed. The rotor 2 can have its own bearing or can sit freely on the shaft 3, which is mounted elsewhere, outside the rotary encoder.

Der Stator 1 besitzt zwei konzentrisch zueinander liegende Zylinderspulen, nämlich eine äußere Erregerspule 4 mit einer geraden Wicklung und eine innere Signalspule 5 mit Schrägwicklungen. Im vorliegenden Beispiel sind sechs, je um 60° versetzte, schräg gewickelte Einzelwicklungen 5a, b, c, d, e, f vorgesehen, die schematisch in Fig. 5 dargestellt sind. In Fig. 4 ist eine einzige Windung 6 einer der Einzelwicklungen 5 a bis f dargestellt. Jede der Einzelwicklungen erstreckt sich - in einem Querschnitt der Signalspule 5 gesehen - über 60°, wobei allerdings zu beachten ist, daß sich wegen der schrägen Wicklungsweise tatsächlich jede Windung jeder Einzelwicklung 5 a bis f in Draufsicht, also in Richtung der Spulenachse gesehen, über 360° erstreckt.The stator 1 has two cylindrical coils lying concentrically to one another, namely an outer excitation coil 4 with a straight winding and an inner signal coil 5 with oblique windings. In the present example, six individual windings 5a, b, c, d, e, f, each offset by 60 °, are provided, which are shown schematically in FIG. 5. 4 shows a single turn 6 of one of the individual windings 5 a to f. Each of the individual windings extends - seen in a cross section of the signal coil 5 - over 60 °, but it should be noted that because of the oblique winding manner, each turn of each individual winding 5 a to f actually seen in plan view, that is, in the direction of the coil axis Extends 360 °.

Wenngleich vorliegendenfalls die Signalspule 5 innerhalb der Erregerspule 4 angeordnet ist, können beide Spulen ebensogut vertauscht werden, sodaß die Erregerspule 4 innen liegt.Although in the present case the signal coil 5 is arranged within the excitation coil 4, both coils can be exchanged just as well, so that the excitation coil 4 is on the inside.

Beiden Spulen 4, 5 ist außen ein zylindrischer Mantel 7 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material zugeordnet. An seinen beiden Enden ist der Mantel mit Polringen 8 versehen. Wie ersichtlich, liegen beide Spulen 4, 5 an der Innenfläche des Mantels 7 und so zwischen den Polringen 8, daß die Innenfläche der Signalspule 5 mit den Innenflächen der Polringe 8 fluchtet und sich eine durchgehende zylindrische Innenfläche des Stators 1 ergibt. Der Mantel 7 kann aus Ferrit, Dynamoblech od.dgl. hergestellt sein.Both coils 4, 5 are assigned a cylindrical jacket 7 made of magnetically conductive material on the outside. The jacket is provided with pole rings 8 at both ends. As can be seen, both coils 4, 5 lie on the inner surface of the jacket 7 and between the pole rings 8 such that the inner surface of the signal coil 5 is aligned with the inner surfaces of the pole rings 8 and a continuous cylindrical inner surface of the stator 1 is obtained. The jacket 7 can be made of ferrite, dynamo sheet or the like. be made.

Der Rotor 2 besteht aus einem nicht ferromagnetischen, z.B. aus Kunststoff bestehenden Träger 9, der auf der Welle 3 sitzt.The rotor 2 consists of a non-ferromagnetic, e.g. plastic carrier 9, which sits on the shaft 3.

Auf dem Träger 9 sind zwei Blechstreifen der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Art befestigt, z.B. aufgeklebt, die aus zwei in Achsrichtung gegeneinander versetzten Blechringen 10, 11 bestehen, von welchen sich, um 180° gegeneinander versetzt, zwei einstückig mit den Ringen 10, 11 ausgebildete, längs einer Zylinderfläche gebogene Lappen 12, 13 je in Richtung des anderen Ringes erstrecken. Die Ringe 10, 11 mit den zugehörigen Lappen 12, 13 bilden Leitstücke 14, 15 für das magnetische Feld und sie bestehen aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material, z.B. aus Weicheisenblech. Der Rotor 2 kann innerhalb des Stators 1 unter Belassung eines Luftspaltes 16 rotieren.On the carrier 9 two sheet metal strips of the type shown in Fig. 3 are attached, e.g. glued, which consist of two axially offset sheet metal rings 10, 11, of which, offset from each other by 180 °, two integral with the rings 10, 11 formed, along a cylindrical surface curved tabs 12, 13 each extend in the direction of the other ring . The rings 10, 11 with the associated tabs 12, 13 form guide pieces 14, 15 for the magnetic field and they consist of magnetically conductive material, e.g. made of soft iron sheet. The rotor 2 can rotate within the stator 1, leaving an air gap 16.

Im Betrieb wird die Erregerspule 4 an eine niederfrequente Wechselspannung gelegt, wodurch ein im wesentlichen axialer Wechselfluß entsteht. Ohne Vorhandensein der Leitstücke würde in jeder der schräg gewickelten Einzelwicklungen eine Wechselspannung gleichen Betrages und gleicher Phase induziert werden, sodaß an den Ausgangsklemmen zweier gegenphasig in Serie geschalteter Wicklungen (z.B. 5a, 5d in Fig. 5) keine Spannung vorliegt. Durch die Leitstücke 14, 15, wird der magnetische Wechselfluß jedoch an zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Stellen in radialer Richtung umgelenkt (siehe Fig. 1 und 2). Hiedurch werden in gegenüberliegenden Teilwicklungen, z.B, den Wicklungen 5a und 5d, gegenphasige Wechselspannungen induziert, die somit - wegen der gegenphasigen Zusammenschaltung dieser Wicklungen - an den Ausgangsklemmen mit doppeltem Betrag auftreten. In Fig. 5 ist die Klemmenspannung der Wicklungen 5a + 5d mit Ua bezeichnet. Analog ergeben sich die nicht eingezeichneten Ausgangsspannungen uε für die Wicklungen 5b + 5e und Uc für die Wicklungen 5c + 5f.In operation, the excitation coil 4 is applied to a low-frequency AC voltage, which results in an essentially axial AC flow. Without the presence of the guide pieces, an alternating voltage of the same amount and same phase would be induced in each of the obliquely wound individual windings, so that there is no voltage at the output terminals of two windings connected in phase opposition (for example 5a, 5d in FIG. 5). By means of the guide pieces 14, 15, however, the alternating magnetic flux is deflected in the radial direction at two diametrically opposite points (see FIGS. 1 and 2). This induces antiphase alternating voltages in opposing partial windings, for example, the windings 5a and 5d, which therefore occur at the output terminals at twice the amount because of the phase-wise interconnection of these windings. 5, the terminal voltage of the windings 5a + 5d is denoted by Ua . The output voltages uε not shown for the windings 5b + 5e and Uc for the windings 5c + 5f result analogously.

Es ergeben sich demnach drei Ausgangsspannungen

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
worin

  • u.... Maximalwert des induzierten Signals
  • a ... Verdrehungswinkel des Rotors
  • (p ... Rotor-Stator-Phasenverschiebung
  • ω ... Kreisfrequenz der Erregerspannung
  • k ... Anzahl der Windungen je Wicklung
  • n ... Summationsindex
This results in three output voltages
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
 wherein
  • u .... maximum value of the induced signal
  • a ... angle of rotation of the rotor
  • (p ... rotor-stator phase shift
  • ω ... angular frequency of the excitation voltage
  • k ... number of turns per winding
  • n ... summation index

Es ist ersichtlich, daß der Winkel a aus zwei der drei Signalspannungen ue, ub, Uc berechenbar ist, doch ist es zweckmäßig, wenn man auf alle drei Signalspannungen zurückgreifen kann, da sich dann z.B. die Division durch nullnahe Werte vermeiden läßt.It can be seen that the angle a can be calculated from two of the three signal voltages u e , u b , Uc , but it is expedient to be able to use all three signal voltages, since division by zero values can then be avoided.

Die Berechnung des Winkels a kann in bekannten Schaltungen in analoger oder digitaler Weise erfolgen und bildet nicht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.The calculation of the angle a can be carried out in known circuits in an analog or digital manner and is not the subject of the present invention.

Jedenfalls können auch bloß zwei Signalwicklungen bzw. Paare von Signalwicklungen vorgesehen sein, die dann je um 90° gegeneinander versetzt sind.In any case, only two signal windings or pairs of signal windings can be provided, which are then each offset by 90 °.

Um axiale Wechselfelder, die z.B. von einem auf der Welle 3 sitzenden Schrittmotor stammen, zu unterdrücken, kann man den magnetisch leitfähigen Mantel 7 aus einem Material herstellen, das außerdem elektrisch leitfähig ist. Da der Luftspalt 16 zwischen dem Rotor 2 und der Innenfläche der Spule 5 klein sein soll, kann es auch empfehlenswert sein, die Innenfläche der Signalspule 5 mit einer harten Schutzschicht (nicht dargestellt) zu versehen, um bei einem allfälligen Schleifen der Leitstücke 14, 15 an der Spule 5 eine Beschädigung der Wicklung zu vermeiden.For alternating axial fields, e.g. suppress from a stepper motor seated on the shaft 3, the magnetically conductive jacket 7 can be produced from a material which is also electrically conductive. Since the air gap 16 between the rotor 2 and the inner surface of the coil 5 should be small, it may also be advisable to provide the inner surface of the signal coil 5 with a hard protective layer (not shown) in order to prevent the guide pieces 14, 15 from grinding to avoid damage to the winding on the coil 5.

Wegen der hohen Genauigkeit, mit der sich Schrägwickelspulen ausführen lassen, erhält man für die lageabhängige Funktion der Signalspannungen tatsächlich eine Sinusfunktion, sodaß die Berechnung des Lagewinkels a mit Hilfe einfacher Algorithmen ohne besondere Korrekturen möglich ist. Darüber hinaus ist eine Zylinderspule mit Schrägwicklung vollautomatisch und daher kostengünstig herstellbar und es ist eine gute Linearität und Reproduzierbarkeit erzielbar.Because of the high accuracy with which helical winding coils can be executed, a sine function is actually obtained for the position-dependent function of the signal voltages, so that the calculation of the position angle a with the aid of simple algorithms is possible without special corrections. In addition, a cylindrical coil with helical winding is fully automatic and therefore inexpensive to manufacture and good linearity and reproducibility can be achieved.

Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß die Erregerspule 4 und die Signalspule 5 lagemäßig vertauschbar sindEs ist weiters auch möglich, den Mantel aus leitfähigem Material an der Innenseite der Spulen anzuordnen, wobei dann Leitstücke des Rotors die Spulen von außen umgreifen. Die Leitstücke können auch andere Gestalt aufweisen, z.B. stabförmig längs einer Zylindererzeugenden verlaufen und es ist - bei verschlechtertem Wirkungsgrad - auch denkbar, statt je einem Paar von Leitstücken bloß ein einziges Leitstück zu verwenden.It has already been mentioned that the excitation coil 4 and the signal coil 5 are interchangeable in terms of position. Furthermore, it is also possible to arrange the jacket made of conductive material on the inside of the coils, with guide pieces of the rotor then encompassing the coils from the outside. The guide pieces can also have other shapes, e.g. run rod-like along a cylinder generator and it is also conceivable - with reduced efficiency - instead of using a single guide piece instead of a pair of guide pieces.

Claims (3)

1. Rotary transmitter with a stator including a signal coil with at least two signal windings, which are offset relative to one another at a predetermined angle, as well as a cylindrical exciter coil, which is arranged concentrically relative to the signal coil, with straight exciter winding, in which respect a core of magnetically conductive material is associated with at least one of the coils, and with a rotor which has at least one pair of conducting members of magnetically conductive material disposed diametrically relative to each other, characterised in that the signal coil (5) is in the form of a cylinder coil (5) with cross windings, in that the core is in the form of a cover (7) which surrounds the external surfaces (7) of the coils (4, 5), and in that the conducting members (14, 15) of the rotor (2) are disposed within the coils (4, 5) under retention of an air gap, whereby the signal coil 2n, preferably with n = 3, has single windings and each two opposite individual windings (5a, 5d) are arranged to be in series opposite pole signal windings.
2. Rotary transmitter according to claim 1 with a rotor (2), the conducing members of which have at least two flaps (12, 13) of sheet metal bent along a cylindrical surface, which flaps respectively extend from two metal rings (10, 11), which are offset relative to each other in the axial direction, in the direction of the other ring, characterised in that the cover (7) has pole rings (8) at both its ends which concentrically embrace the metal rings (10, 11) of the rotor (2).
3. Rotary transmitter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the cover (7) is electrically conductive.
EP87890115A 1986-05-30 1987-05-20 Rotary transmitter Expired - Lifetime EP0247997B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT87890115T ATE60173T1 (en) 1986-05-30 1987-05-20 ENCODER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3618175 1986-05-30
DE19863618175 DE3618175A1 (en) 1986-05-30 1986-05-30 ENCODER

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EP0247997B1 true EP0247997B1 (en) 1991-01-16

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US (1) US4771200A (en)
EP (1) EP0247997B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS631354A (en)
AT (1) ATE60173T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3618175A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4990808A (en) * 1987-02-17 1991-02-05 General Scanning, Inc. Symmetrical resonant scanner and drive
US4962331A (en) * 1989-07-13 1990-10-09 Servo-Tek Products Company, Inc. Rotatable control signal generator
US20030146678A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Lori Greiner Jewelry organizer
WO2007074375A2 (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Magnetic resolver
US11462981B2 (en) 2019-08-28 2022-10-04 Hossam Abdou Electric motor

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FR453315A (en) * 1913-01-18 1913-06-05 Erich Beckmann Apparatus for the transmission of movements or signals by means of polyphase wound iron cores
US2704353A (en) * 1951-04-30 1955-03-15 Fr D Equipments Pour La Naviga Variable inductor
FR1111737A (en) * 1954-09-27 1956-03-05 Improvements to electrical transmission devices of angular displacement and applications
US2866913A (en) * 1956-06-27 1958-12-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multipole pair resolver
FR1531875A (en) * 1966-07-23 1968-07-05 Siemens Ag DC motor without collector or bushings
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3767368D1 (en) 1991-02-21
US4771200A (en) 1988-09-13
EP0247997A1 (en) 1987-12-02
DE3618175A1 (en) 1987-12-03
JPS631354A (en) 1988-01-06
ATE60173T1 (en) 1991-02-15

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