EP0241726B1 - Image intensifier tube - Google Patents

Image intensifier tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0241726B1
EP0241726B1 EP87103724A EP87103724A EP0241726B1 EP 0241726 B1 EP0241726 B1 EP 0241726B1 EP 87103724 A EP87103724 A EP 87103724A EP 87103724 A EP87103724 A EP 87103724A EP 0241726 B1 EP0241726 B1 EP 0241726B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
vacuum
image intensifier
intensifier tube
tube
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Expired
Application number
EP87103724A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0241726A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Stübler
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/20—Seals between parts of vessels
    • H01J5/22—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel
    • H01J5/28—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel between conductive parts of vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
    • H01J9/263—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for cathode-ray tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image intensifier tube according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such image intensifier tubes are produced in such a way that the tube is first constructed mechanically and then at least some materials for producing the photocathode layer, in particular in the form of metal vapors, are introduced through the pump connection. This is followed by formation steps and, if necessary, further evaporation, until the tube is finally pumped out and the pump nozzles are closed. During the final inspection or even before the tube is finally pumped out, faults in the photocathode layer can become noticeable, which lead to the tube being unusable and which cannot be repaired when the tube is assembled. The tube must therefore be opened again in order to insert a new photocathode support.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a novel structure of an image intensifier tube mentioned above, which is easy to open in the case of an unusable photocathode and enables the installation of a new photocathode support, the risk of undesirable electron emissions occurring being largely avoided.
  • This is particularly important if it is an image intensifier tube which has a multichannel electron intensifier plate at a close distance from the fluorescent screen (second-generation image intensifier, inverter type; see, for example, US-A-3 868 536 ).
  • the main advantage of the image intensifier tube according to the invention is that the opening of the tube takes place at a location which also allows removal or replacement of the wall parts which tend to undesired electron emissions.
  • These include insulating rings of the vacuum housing, which are partially covered with the materials used to vaporize the photocathode. Such deposits on insulating parts are partially converted when the tube is opened and exposed to the normal atmosphere for a long time and lead to such disruptive materials which emit unwanted electrons.
  • These are, in particular, those wall parts which lie between the electrode with a small electron passage opening and the photocathode. The electrode with the small passage opening largely shields the space on the fluorescent screen side from the evaporation materials for the photocathode.
  • the image intensifier tube has an essentially rotationally symmetrical structure, i. H. the insulating parts and the electrodes or their holders are essentially rotationally symmetrical parts.
  • the cathode electrode 1 which is at the cathode potential, consists of several parts and has one or two pump connections 14 and 15. The material vapors are also at least partially through the pump nozzle. introduced to manufacture the photocathode.
  • the cathode electrode carries an input window 3, which, for. B. consists of an optical fiber disc.
  • the photocathode layer 5 is applied to the inner surface of this input window 3.
  • an anode electrode 6 which has an electron passage opening 16 of small diameter, e.g. B. 1 to 2 mm in diameter.
  • the beam waist (crossover) of the electron beam emerging from the photocathode 5 is located in this area.
  • This anode electrode 6 is held between two ceramic insulating rings 2 and 9 by means of a metallic ring part.
  • the tube also has a transparent fluorescent screen support 4, on the inner surface of which the fluorescent screen layer 7 is arranged.
  • a multi-channel electron amplifier plate 8 is attached, which, like the luminescent screen support 4, is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to insulating rings 2 with the interposition of mounts designed as metal rings.
  • the insulating rings 2 and 9, which are preferably made of ceramic, ensure the desired distance on the one hand and the desired insulation of the electrodes on the other hand.
  • annular metal part is now inserted into the vacuum vessel, which consists of two parts 11 a and 11 b, each of which has an outwardly facing annular flange 12.
  • the vacuum-tight connection of the two parts 11 a and 11 takes place on the circumference 13 of the two superimposed ring flanges 12 in such a way that this connection can be removed again by twisting or grinding, so that the tube can be easily opened at this point.
  • the two ring parts 11a and 11b which are each connected with their other ends in a vacuum-tight manner to insulating rings 2, are located in the region between the anode electrode 6 and the multi-channel plate 8.
  • the tube is opened by removing the vacuum-tight connection 13 and the part 11 a with the attached cathode-side parts is replaced by a new part. It is of particular importance on the one hand that the part with the expensive multi-channel amplifier plate 8 and the fluorescent screen 7 can be used again and on the other hand that the parts of the vacuum envelope, including the insulating rings 9 of the vacuum envelope, are located in the space between the photocathode 5 and the anode electrode 6 are to be replaced with. Because of the production of the photocathode 5, vapors of the metals that are used for the production of the photocathode have also deposited on the wall parts of the insulating ring 9 in this room.
  • the anode electrode 6 with its small electron opening 16 largely acts as a shield against these metal vapors during photocathode manufacture, so that the wall parts in the space between the anode electrode 6 and the fluorescent screen 7 are essentially not exposed to such vapors and therefore also after opening are reusable.
  • the pump sockets 15 and 14 which may already have been mechanically deformed by being squeezed, are located on the part that is replaced when the tube has to be opened, so that the new spare part also has new pump sockets.
  • the vacuum-tight connection on the circumference 13 of the flanges 12 of the two metal rings 11 and 11 preferably consists of a welded connection.
  • the connections between the ceramic parts 2, 9 and the metal electrode holders are preferably soldered connections.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Bildverstärkerröhre nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to an image intensifier tube according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die Herstellung derartiger Bildverstärkerröhren geschieht in der Weise, daß die Röhre zunächst mechanisch aufgebaut wird und daß dann durch die Pumpstutzen hindurch zumindest einige Materialien zur Herstellung der Photokathodenschicht insbesondere in Form von Metalldämpfen eingebracht werden. Danach schließen sich Formierungsschritte und ggf. weitere Aufdampfungen an, bis schließlich die Röhre abgepumpt und die Pumpstutzen verschlossen werden. Bei der Endprüfung bzw. schon vor dem endgütligen Abpumpen der Röhre können sich Fehler an der Photokathodenschicht bemerkbar machen, die zu einer Unbrauchbarkeit der Röhre führen und die bei zusammengebauter Röhre nicht zu reparieren sind. Die Röhre muß also wieder geöffnet werden, um einen neuen Photokathodenträger einzusetzen. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, daß auch nach Einsetzen eines neuen Kathodenträgers und Herstellen einer einwandfreien Photokathode unerwünschte Elektronenemissionen im Wandungsbereich, insbesondere in der Nähe der Photokathode und in dem der Photokathode benachbarten Raum auftreten. In solchen Fällen war die Bildverstärkerröhre mehr oder weniger völlig unbrauchbar geworden.Such image intensifier tubes are produced in such a way that the tube is first constructed mechanically and then at least some materials for producing the photocathode layer, in particular in the form of metal vapors, are introduced through the pump connection. This is followed by formation steps and, if necessary, further evaporation, until the tube is finally pumped out and the pump nozzles are closed. During the final inspection or even before the tube is finally pumped out, faults in the photocathode layer can become noticeable, which lead to the tube being unusable and which cannot be repaired when the tube is assembled. The tube must therefore be opened again in order to insert a new photocathode support. It has been found that even after inserting a new cathode support and producing a perfect photocathode, undesirable electron emissions occur in the wall area, in particular in the vicinity of the photocathode and in the space adjacent to the photocathode. In such cases, the image intensifier tube had become more or less completely unusable.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen neuartigen Aufbau einer eingangs genannten Bildverstärkerröhre anzugeben, die im Falle einer unbrauchbaren Photokathode leicht zu öffnen ist und den Einbau eines neuen Photokathodenträgers ermöglicht, wobei die Gefahr des Auftretens von unerwünschten Elektronenemissionen weitgehend vermieden ist. Dies ist insbesondere dann von großer Bedeutung, wenn es sich um eine Bildverstärkerröhre handelt, die eine Multikanal-Elektronenverstärkerplatte in dichtem Abstand vor dem Leuchtschirm aufweist (Bildverstärker der 2. Generation, Invertertyp ; vergl. z. B. US-A-3 868 536).The present invention has for its object to provide a novel structure of an image intensifier tube mentioned above, which is easy to open in the case of an unusable photocathode and enables the installation of a new photocathode support, the risk of undesirable electron emissions occurring being largely avoided. This is particularly important if it is an image intensifier tube which has a multichannel electron intensifier plate at a close distance from the fluorescent screen (second-generation image intensifier, inverter type; see, for example, US-A-3 868 536 ).

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Der wesentliche Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Bildverstärkerröhre besteht darin, daß die Öffnung der Röhre an einer Stelle erfolgt, die auch ein Entfernen bzw. Auswechseln der Wandungsteile gestattet, die zu unerwünschten Elektronenemissionen neigen. Das sind unter anderem auch Isolierringe des Vakuumgehäuses, die mit den Materialien teilweise bedeckt sind, die zum Bedampfen der Photokathode verwendet werden. Solche Ablagerungen auf Isolierteilen werden bei dem Öffnen der Röhre und längerem Aussetzen der Normalatmosphäre teilweise umgewandelt und führen zu solch störenden Materialien, die unerwünschte Elektronen emittieren. Es sind dies insbesondere solche Wandungsteile, die zwischen der Elektrode mit geringer Elektronendurchtrittsöffnung und der Photokathode liegen. Die Elektrode mit der geringen Durchtrittsöffnung schirmt den leuchtschirmseitigen Raum weitgehend gegen die Aufdampfmaterialien für die Photokathode ab.The main advantage of the image intensifier tube according to the invention is that the opening of the tube takes place at a location which also allows removal or replacement of the wall parts which tend to undesired electron emissions. These include insulating rings of the vacuum housing, which are partially covered with the materials used to vaporize the photocathode. Such deposits on insulating parts are partially converted when the tube is opened and exposed to the normal atmosphere for a long time and lead to such disruptive materials which emit unwanted electrons. These are, in particular, those wall parts which lie between the electrode with a small electron passage opening and the photocathode. The electrode with the small passage opening largely shields the space on the fluorescent screen side from the evaporation materials for the photocathode.

An sich ist es aus der DE-A-1 764315 bekannt, bei einem Bildwandler ein aus zwei ringförmigen metallischen Teilen bestehender Gehäuseteil einzufügen, dessen beide Teile nach außen weisende Flanschteile aufweisen, die vakuumdicht miteinander verbunden werden. Zum Öffnen der Verbindung wird materialabgetragen. Diese Druckschrift läßt sich nicht aus über die Lage dieses Gehäuseteils und zeigt auch nicht die Elektroden der Röhre.It is known per se from DE-A-1 764315 to insert, in an image converter, a housing part consisting of two ring-shaped metallic parts, the two parts of which have outward-facing flange parts which are connected to one another in a vacuum-tight manner. Material is removed to open the connection. This document cannot be said about the position of this housing part and does not show the electrodes of the tube.

Anhand des in der Figur im Querschnitt dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Mehr-Elektrodenbildverstärkerröhre wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiment of a multi-electrode image intensifier tube shown in cross section in the figure.

Die Bildverstärkerröhre besitzt einen im wesentlichen rotationssymmetrischen Aufbau, d. h. die Isolierteile und die Elektroden bzw. deren Halterungen sind im wesentlichen rotationssymmetrische Teile. Die auf Kathodenpotential liegende Kathodenelektrode 1 besteht, wie dargestellt, aus mehreren Teilen und weist einen oder zwei Pumpstutzen 14 und 15 auf. Durch die Pumpstutzen hindurch werden auch zumindest teilweise die Materialdämpfe. zur Herstellung der Photokathode eingebracht. Die Kathodenelektrode trägt ein Eingangsfenster 3, das z. B. aus einer Lichtleitfaserscheibe besteht. Auf der Innenfläche dieses Eingangsfensters 3 wird die Photokathodenschicht 5 aufgebracht.The image intensifier tube has an essentially rotationally symmetrical structure, i. H. the insulating parts and the electrodes or their holders are essentially rotationally symmetrical parts. As shown, the cathode electrode 1, which is at the cathode potential, consists of several parts and has one or two pump connections 14 and 15. The material vapors are also at least partially through the pump nozzle. introduced to manufacture the photocathode. The cathode electrode carries an input window 3, which, for. B. consists of an optical fiber disc. The photocathode layer 5 is applied to the inner surface of this input window 3.

Weiterhin ist eine Anodenelektrode 6 vorgesehen, die eine Elektronendurchtrittsöffnung 16 geringen Durchmessers, z. B. 1 bis 2 mm Durchmesser, aufweist. In diesem Bereich befindet sich die Strahlentaille (crossover) des aus der Photokathode 5 austretenden Elektronenbündels. Diese Anodenelektrode 6 ist mittels eines metallischen Ringteiles zwischen zwei keramischen Isolierringen 2 und 9 gehaltert.Furthermore, an anode electrode 6 is provided which has an electron passage opening 16 of small diameter, e.g. B. 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The beam waist (crossover) of the electron beam emerging from the photocathode 5 is located in this area. This anode electrode 6 is held between two ceramic insulating rings 2 and 9 by means of a metallic ring part.

Die Röhre weist weiterhin einen durchsichtigen Leuchtschirmträger 4 auf, auf dessen Innenfläche die Leuchtschirmschicht 7 angeordnet ist. Dicht vor der Leuchtschirmschicht 7, z. B. in einem Abstand kleiner 1 mm ist eine Multikanal-Elektronenverstärkerplatte 8 angebracht, die ebenso wie der Leuchtschirmträger 4 unter Zwischenfügung von als Metallringe ausgebildeten Halterungen vakuumdicht mit Isolierringen 2 verbunden ist. Durch die Isolierringe 2 und 9, die bevorzugt aus Keramik bestehen, wird einerseits der gewünschte Abstand und andererseits die gewünschte Isolation der Elektroden sichergestellt.The tube also has a transparent fluorescent screen support 4, on the inner surface of which the fluorescent screen layer 7 is arranged. Just before the fluorescent screen layer 7, z. B. at a distance of less than 1 mm, a multi-channel electron amplifier plate 8 is attached, which, like the luminescent screen support 4, is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to insulating rings 2 with the interposition of mounts designed as metal rings. The insulating rings 2 and 9, which are preferably made of ceramic, ensure the desired distance on the one hand and the desired insulation of the electrodes on the other hand.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist nun in das Vakuumgefäß ein ringförmiges Metallteil eingefügt, das aus zwei Teilen 11 a und 11 b besteht, von denen jedes einen nach Außen weisenden Ringflansch 12 aufweist. Die vakuumdichte Verbindung der beiden Teile 11 a und 11 erfolgt am Umfang 13 der beiden aufeinanderliegenden Ringflansche 12 in der Weise, daß diese Verbindung durch Abdrehen oder Abschleifen wieder entfernbar ist, so daß die Röhre an dieser Stelle leicht geöffnet werden kann. Die beiden Ringteile 11a und 11b, die mit ihren anderen Enden jeweils mit Isolierringen 2 vakuumdicht verbunden sind, befinden sich in dem Bereich zwischen der Anodenelektrode 6 und der Multikanalplatte 8.According to the invention, an annular metal part is now inserted into the vacuum vessel, which consists of two parts 11 a and 11 b, each of which has an outwardly facing annular flange 12. The vacuum-tight connection of the two parts 11 a and 11 takes place on the circumference 13 of the two superimposed ring flanges 12 in such a way that this connection can be removed again by twisting or grinding, so that the tube can be easily opened at this point. The two ring parts 11a and 11b, which are each connected with their other ends in a vacuum-tight manner to insulating rings 2, are located in the region between the anode electrode 6 and the multi-channel plate 8.

Stellt sich nun nach erfolgter Herstellung der Photokathodenschicht 5 heraus, daß diese fehlerhaft ist, so wird die Röhre durch Entfernen der vakuumdichten Verbindung 13 geöffnet und das Teil 11 a mit den daran befestigten kathodenseitigen Teilen gegen ein neues Teil ausgewechselt. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei zum einen, daß der Teil mit der teuren Multikanal-Verstärkerplatte 8 und dem Leuchtschirm 7 wieder verwendbar ist und zum anderen, daß die Teile der Vakuumhülle, also auch die Isolierringe 9 der Vakuumhülle, die sich im Raum zwischen der Photokathode 5 und der Anodenelektrode 6 befinden, mit ausgewechselt werden. Durch die Herstellung der Photokathode 5 haben sich nämlich Dämpfe der Metalle, die zur Herstellung der Photokathode verwendet werden, auch auf den Wandungsteilen des Isolierringes 9 in diesem Raum niedergeschlagen. Beim Öffnen der Röhre werden diese Materialien durch den Einfluß des Luftsauerstoffes verändert und führen dann zu einem elektrischen Fehlverhalten der Röhre, wenn diese Teile wieder verwendet würden. Andererseits wirkt aber die Anodenelektrode 6 mit ihrer geringen Elektronenöffnung 16 weitgehend als Abschirmung gegen diese Metalldämpfe bei der Photokathodenherstellung, so daß die Wandungsteile in dem Raum zwischen der Anodenelektrode 6 und dem Leuchtschirm 7 im wesentlichen nicht mit solchen Dämpfen beaufschlagt sind und deshalb auch nach dem Öffnen wieder verwendbar sind. Auch ist es von Vorteil, daß die Pumpstutzen 15 und 14, die ggf. schon durch Abquetschen mechanisch deformiert sind, sich an dem Teil befinden, das bei einem notwendigen Öffnen der Röhre ausgewechselt wird, sodaß das neue Ersatzteil auch neue Pumpstutzen aufweist.If it turns out after the production of the photocathode layer 5 that this is defective, the tube is opened by removing the vacuum-tight connection 13 and the part 11 a with the attached cathode-side parts is replaced by a new part. It is of particular importance on the one hand that the part with the expensive multi-channel amplifier plate 8 and the fluorescent screen 7 can be used again and on the other hand that the parts of the vacuum envelope, including the insulating rings 9 of the vacuum envelope, are located in the space between the photocathode 5 and the anode electrode 6 are to be replaced with. Because of the production of the photocathode 5, vapors of the metals that are used for the production of the photocathode have also deposited on the wall parts of the insulating ring 9 in this room. When the tube is opened, these materials are changed by the influence of atmospheric oxygen and then lead to an electrical malfunction of the tube if these parts were used again. On the other hand, however, the anode electrode 6 with its small electron opening 16 largely acts as a shield against these metal vapors during photocathode manufacture, so that the wall parts in the space between the anode electrode 6 and the fluorescent screen 7 are essentially not exposed to such vapors and therefore also after opening are reusable. It is also advantageous that the pump sockets 15 and 14, which may already have been mechanically deformed by being squeezed, are located on the part that is replaced when the tube has to be opened, so that the new spare part also has new pump sockets.

Bevorzugt besteht die vakuumdichte Verbindung am Umfang 13 der Flansche 12 der beiden Metallringe 11 und 11 aus einer Schweißverbindung. Die Verbindungen zwischen den Keramikteilen 2, 9 und den metallenen Elektrodenhalterungen sind bevorzugt Lötverbindungen.The vacuum-tight connection on the circumference 13 of the flanges 12 of the two metal rings 11 and 11 preferably consists of a welded connection. The connections between the ceramic parts 2, 9 and the metal electrode holders are preferably soldered connections.

Claims (4)

1. An image intensifier tube with an axially symmetrical structure comprising a cathode assembly equipped with an input surface with a photocathode and at least one exhaust tube, an anode cone with a small-diameter aperture through which the electrons pass and which tightly girdles the electron flow at this point, a display screen electrode attached to a phosphor screen mounted in an output window with several annular isolating elements that are joined with the electrodes or their mounts vacuum-tight in such a way that, together with these, they form a vacuum envelope while at the same time keeping the electrodes isolated and at the proper distances from one another, characterized in that a multi-channel plate array for electron . amplification (8) is situated just before the phosphor screen (7), that a housing section consisting of two annular metallic parts (11 a, 11b) is inserted between the multi-channel plate array (8) and the anode cone (6), both parts of which (lla, 11b) bear outward-pointing flanges (12), and that the vacuum-tight joint between these two annular parts (11 a, 11 b) is implemented in such a way at the circumference (13) of the flanges (12) that it can be reseparated by machining away metal at the circumference (13) of the flanges (12).
2. An image intensifier tube as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum-tight joint at the circumference (13) of the flanges (12) of the annual parts (11 a, 11b) is a welded joint.
3. An image intensifier tube as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the housing section consisting of the two annular parts (11 a, 11b) is joined vacuum-tight by means of isolating rings (2, 9).
4. An image intensifier tube as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 3, characterized in that the isolating parts (2, 9) are made of ceramic.
EP87103724A 1986-04-12 1987-03-14 Image intensifier tube Expired EP0241726B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863612368 DE3612368A1 (en) 1986-04-12 1986-04-12 IMAGE AMPLIFIER TUBES
DE3612368 1986-04-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0241726A1 EP0241726A1 (en) 1987-10-21
EP0241726B1 true EP0241726B1 (en) 1989-11-23

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EP87103724A Expired EP0241726B1 (en) 1986-04-12 1987-03-14 Image intensifier tube

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DE (2) DE3612368A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2638281A1 (en) * 1988-10-25 1990-04-27 Thomson Csf ELECTRONIC BUILDING TUBE COMPACT

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1764315A1 (en) * 1968-05-15 1971-07-01 Siemens Ag Electron tubes
US3868536A (en) * 1971-10-18 1975-02-25 Varian Associates Image intensifier tube employing a microchannel electron multiplier
US4039877A (en) * 1975-07-09 1977-08-02 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Image intensifier with fiber optic faceplates sealed with indium-bismuth alloy

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DE3612368A1 (en) 1987-10-15
EP0241726A1 (en) 1987-10-21
DE3761032D1 (en) 1989-12-28

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