EP0236736B1 - Tearable metal cover for cans - Google Patents

Tearable metal cover for cans Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0236736B1
EP0236736B1 EP87101528A EP87101528A EP0236736B1 EP 0236736 B1 EP0236736 B1 EP 0236736B1 EP 87101528 A EP87101528 A EP 87101528A EP 87101528 A EP87101528 A EP 87101528A EP 0236736 B1 EP0236736 B1 EP 0236736B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped
break
scoreline
bead
tab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87101528A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0236736A2 (en
EP0236736A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Peter
Heinz Hacke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ardagh Metal Packaging Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Schmalback Lubeca AG
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Application filed by Schmalback Lubeca AG filed Critical Schmalback Lubeca AG
Priority to AT87101528T priority Critical patent/ATE53554T1/en
Publication of EP0236736A2 publication Critical patent/EP0236736A2/en
Publication of EP0236736A3 publication Critical patent/EP0236736A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
    • B65D17/401—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall
    • B65D17/4011—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall for opening completely by means of a tearing tab
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheet metal lid for non-round cans, in particular for elongated oval cans, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a lid with these features is in the europ. Publication 0 171 650 shown and described. It is a lid with a predetermined non-circular outline and with a predetermined design of that end of the lid in which the tearing process is started with the aid of the grip tab. In this area, towards which the score lines converge, at least two stiffening beads running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cover are provided below the handle end of the tab, which prevent the sheet from arching transversely at the start of the tearing process and the sheet rolling off while the sheet is torn along the Score lines should favor.
  • the grip tab itself is formed as a rigid lever from thin sheet metal and stiffened by edge folds and other deformations.
  • the grip tab can be attached rigidly with its fastening area or attached to the break-in start section of the lid by means of a foldable sheet metal tab.
  • a shearing effect must be generated in the area of this score line by lifting the handle end of the handle tab.
  • the forces required for this are transmitted from the grip tab on the one hand via the attachment point of the grip tab to the breakaway nose in front of it and on the other hand via the attachment point to the sheet metal in the break-in start section.
  • the ratchet nose of the grip tab is usually directly above the notch line section that is initially to be broken and presses it downwards.
  • this notch line section is close to the core wall of the cover, the part of the cover mirror which has this notch line section is sufficiently supported and stiffened by the core wall to withstand the pressure of the break-open nose, so that the burglary forces can be brought into effect essentially exclusively on the notch line section.
  • the cover sheet no longer breaks along the score line and tears further due to its reduced thickness, so that the opening process gets out of control. This can go so far that the entire cross-sectional area of the can can no longer be exposed in the desired manner.
  • the stiffeners are designed in such a way that a first bending line for the sheet metal is formed directly behind the fastening area and a second bending line parallel to it between the two semicircular depressions.
  • the aim of this measure is to press the thumb on the middle of the lid when opening the lid, as is otherwise necessary, in order to bend the lid plate in the area of the middle.
  • the stiffening recess in the front cover area is also designed such that after the initial breaking in of the score line, the sheet continues to tear along the given score line so that an uncontrolled tearing of the cover sheet is prevented.
  • the score line only delimits a tear area which is small compared to the dimensions of the lid and serves to expose a pouring opening (cf. DE-OS 2832706).
  • the lid spit is provided Gel two deformations protruding beyond the outer surface of the grip tab lying flat on the cover mirror, which delimit a channel-like depression lying between them with their bottom in the plane of the cover mirror, in which the end of the handle is received completely and flush. This makes access to the handle end of the grip tab considerably more difficult.
  • An upward deformation of the grip flap which delimits the outline of the grip flap from above, is essentially horseshoe-shaped and its legs protrude into the tear area that is permanently connected to the cover mirror via a bending line, while the second upright deformation fills the finger opening of the grip end of the grip flap accordingly.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a sheet metal lid for non-circular cans with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that even when using thinner sheets, the shear forces generated when lifting the handle end of the handle tab much more complete and thus more effective for the initial breaking of the score line can be brought into effect with the aid of the opening tab of the grip tab.
  • the membrane-like area of the cover mirror around the attachment point of the handle tab and between the two notch lines converging towards the break-in start section is stabilized in such a way that this membrane-like area has its essentially horizontal box despite the initial break-in of the score line maintains the forces coming into effect via the handle This also stabilizes the position of the fastening point itself and the break-in start section of the score line. This prevents the tab of the grip tab from moving beyond the starting portion of the score line before the score line breaks. Furthermore, the surrounding sheet metal experiences additional tension in this area, since the U-shaped bead absorbs the material displaced from the score lines, so that sheet metal that has become slack is no longer present in this area.
  • the new design ensures that, on the one hand, the area containing the fastening point is stiffened in a board-like manner in the tear-open start section, so that arching of the sheet metal during the tear-open is largely prevented here.
  • the sheet metal area lying in front of the fastening point can bend slightly downwards in the desired manner during the initial break-in, as a result of which the forces required for the initial break-in are limited accordingly.
  • the precise delimitation of this area of the sheet metal which bends downwards, in conjunction with the configuration of the bead composite, ensures that the sheet metal is torn further along the predetermined score lines.
  • the lid in question is a long oval lid of a large size, e.g. for fish cans. But it could also be a rectangular cover or a circular cover.
  • the lid is made of sheet metal, preferably from sheets with a thickness that is less than the usual thickness, that is less than 0.24 mm.
  • the cover is designed in the usual way with a folded edge 2 which merges into the cover mirror 3 via a core wall.
  • a tear-open area 6 is delimited by a closed notch line 7, of which essentially only the tear-open cut 16 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the notch line 7 runs close to the core wall of the lid edge, its course in the area of the tear-open start section 16 deviates from the outline shape of the lid. Rather, the tear-open start section 16 is delimited by two straight-line notch sections 9 converging towards the left end in FIG. In the area of this end, a grip tab 5 is fastened by means of a rivet 4 formed out of the sheet metal.
  • the handle flap body is attached directly to the cover plate with the rivet 4 lying flat.
  • the grip tab could also be designed so that the attachment point is located on a fastening tab of the handle flap body formed by dividing line 36 in FIG. 2, as is generally known.
  • the grip tab is aligned with its longitudinal center line on the longitudinal center line 19 of the long oval cover.
  • the grip tab has a front end in the form of a ratchet nose 15, which is arranged substantially flush with the start section 8 of the score line.
  • the grip tab 5 has a grip section 12, which is ring-shaped in the example shown.
  • the sheet is stiffened by recess 20 or by ribs or beads which run parallel to the lid edge or to the notch line section 10 parallel to the latter.
  • the width 39 of the tear-open area here almost reaches the size of the inside width of the can, which can be closed with the lid.
  • a U-shaped bead-shaped depression 23, 24 is provided near the attachment point 4 and below the handle tab 5.
  • This consists of a web-shaped section 23 lying under the handle section 12 and two legs or arms 24 projecting forwardly from it towards the starting score line 8, which end abruptly at 26 on a common line 28 transverse to the longitudinal center line 19 of the handle tab 4.
  • the line 28 runs tangentially to the shank 4a of the rivet 4.
  • the web-shaped section 23 is formed in alignment with the handle end 12. In the case of the ring-shaped design of the handle end 12, the web-shaped section 23 also has a corresponding partially ring-shaped course, the width of the bead 23 corresponding to the width of the ring region 12.
  • the legs 24 can widen in the transition region to the web-shaped section 23. Their width decreases steadily in the direction of the free ends 26. It could also decrease in depth in that direction.
  • the legs 24 run with their inner boundaries 29 straight and parallel to the line 19.
  • the U-shaped recess 23, 24 is combined with beads 21, 22 extending transversely to the longitudinal center line of the grip tab to form a bead assembly. All beads of this bead composite have essentially the same depth.
  • the shorter cross bead 21 intersects the U-shaped recess at the level of the transition between the web 23 and the legs 24, while the longer cross bead 22 cuts the annular web part 23, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the transverse beads 21, 22 formed in a straight line in FIG. 2 can also be slightly curved.
  • transverse beads 21, 22 Between the transverse beads 21, 22, a raised area 25 of an almost semicircular outline remains within the ring opening of the handle end 12. Between the shorter bead 21 and the two legs 24 there remains a plateau 11 in the plane of the cover mirror 3, on which plateau the fastening rivet for the grip tab 4 is provided.
  • the transverse beads 21, 22 each project directly up to the adjacent score line sections 9. The remaining distance 31 corresponds somewhat to the width 34 of the beads.
  • the arrangement can be such that at least part of the handle end 12 engages at least partially in the depth of the beads by the type of attachment of the handle tab 5 or by slight de-formation of the handle tab 5, so that the handle at the same time prevents twisting by the arrangement Attachment point is reliably secured. Furthermore, the arrangement and location of the handle end 12 relative to the longer transverse bead 22 can be such that the fingernail or the tip of the fingertip can be easily grasped under the outermost handle end 12 of the handle tab in order to lift this handle end 12 and open the can.
  • the sealant in the cover flange 2 is designated by 32 in FIG. 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
  • Coin-Freed Apparatuses For Hiring Articles (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Abstract

There is provided a metal tear-open lid, in particular, made of very thin sheet material wherein by means of a U-shaped recess provided in the tear-open starting section the area where the pull-open ring is fastened to the tear-open portion is reliably prevented from bulging like a membrane as the lid is initially broken up.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Blechdeckel für unrunde Dosen, insb. für länglich-ovale Dosen, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a sheet metal lid for non-round cans, in particular for elongated oval cans, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Deckel mit diesen Merkmalen ist in der europ. Veröffentlichungsschrift 0 171 650 dargestellt und beschrieben. Es handelt sich dabei um einen Deckel mit vorbestimmtem unrunden Umriß und mit einer vorbestimmten Ausbildung desjenigen Endes des Deckels, in dem der Aufreißvorgang mit Hilfe der Grifflasche gestartet wird. In diesem Bereich, zu dem hin die Kerblinien konvergieren, sind unterhalb des Griffendes der Grifflasche wenigstens zwei quer zur Längsrichtung des Deckels verlaufende Versteifungssicken vorgesehen, die eine Queraufwölbung des Bleches bei Beginn des Aufreißvorganges verhindern und das Abrollen des Bleches während des Weiterreißens des Bleches entlang der Kerblinien begünstigen sollen.A lid with these features is in the europ. Publication 0 171 650 shown and described. It is a lid with a predetermined non-circular outline and with a predetermined design of that end of the lid in which the tearing process is started with the aid of the grip tab. In this area, towards which the score lines converge, at least two stiffening beads running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cover are provided below the handle end of the tab, which prevent the sheet from arching transversely at the start of the tearing process and the sheet rolling off while the sheet is torn along the Score lines should favor.

Die Grifflasche selbst ist als starrer Hebel aus dünnem Blech geformt und durch Randfalze und andere Verformungen versteift. Die Grifflasche kann mit ihrem Befestigungsbereich starr oder über einen abknickbaren Blechlappen am Einbrechstartabschnitt des Deckels befestigt sein. Zum anfänglichen Einbrechen der Kerblinie am Einbrechstartabschnitt muß im Bereich dieser Kerblinie durch Anheben des Griffendes der Grifflasche eine Scherwirkung erzeugt werden. Die dazu erforderlichen Kräfte werden von der Grifflasche einerseits über die Befestigungsstelle der Grifflasche auf die davor liegende Aufbrechnase und andererseits über die Befestigungsstelle auf das Blech im Einbrech-Startabschnitt übertragen. Die Aufbrechnase der Grifflasche liegt dabei in aller Regel direkt über dem anfänglich zum Einbrechen zu bringenden Kerblinienabschnitt und drückt auf diesen in Richtung nach unten. Da dieser Kerblinienabschnitt nahe der Kernwand des Deckels liegt wird der diesen Kerblinienabschnitt aufweisende Teil des Deckelspiegels durch die Kernwand ausreichend abgestützt und versteift, um dem Druck der Aufbrechnase standzuhalten, so daß die Einbrechkräfte im wesentlichen ausschließlich auf dem Kerblinienabschnitt zur Wirkung gebracht werden können.The grip tab itself is formed as a rigid lever from thin sheet metal and stiffened by edge folds and other deformations. The grip tab can be attached rigidly with its fastening area or attached to the break-in start section of the lid by means of a foldable sheet metal tab. To initially break in the score line at the break-in start section, a shearing effect must be generated in the area of this score line by lifting the handle end of the handle tab. The forces required for this are transmitted from the grip tab on the one hand via the attachment point of the grip tab to the breakaway nose in front of it and on the other hand via the attachment point to the sheet metal in the break-in start section. The ratchet nose of the grip tab is usually directly above the notch line section that is initially to be broken and presses it downwards. Since this notch line section is close to the core wall of the cover, the part of the cover mirror which has this notch line section is sufficiently supported and stiffened by the core wall to withstand the pressure of the break-open nose, so that the burglary forces can be brought into effect essentially exclusively on the notch line section.

Dem steht jedoch in vielen Fällen entgegen, daß sich der Aufreißabschnitt durch die an der Befestigungsstelle der Grifflasche auftretende Zugwirkung membranartig nach oben verformt. Dieser Nachteil wirkt sich besonders stark aus, wenn von den üblichen Blechdicken von 0,24 mm abgewichen wird und demgegenüber dünnere Bleche zur Herstellung des Deckels verwendet werden. Hierbei kann die Verformung des Bleches des Einbrechstartabschnittes so stark werden, daß die für das Einbrechen der Kerblinie erforderlichen Kräfte nicht mehr sicher und möglichst verlustfrei über die Grifflasche auf den anfänglich einzubrechenden Bereich der Kerblinie übertragen werden. Hinzu kommt, daß dann, wenn die Aufbrechnase der Grifflasche durch nachgeben des Bleches nicht mehr über dem anfänglich einzubrechenden Abschnitt der Kerblinie ansetzt, das Deckelblech aufgrund seiner verringerten Dicke nicht mehr entlang der Kerblinie einbricht und weiterreißt, so daß der Aufreißvorgang außer Kontrolle gerät. Dies konn so weit gehen, daß nicht mehr die ganze Querschnittsfläche der Dose in der gewünschten Weise freigelegt werden kann. Diese Probleme treten auch dadurch auf, daß die Kerblinie zum Startabschnitt hin konvergiert und im Bereich des ersten Einbrechens einen eng gekrümmten Verlauf aufweist. Bei der Erzeugung dieser Kerblinie kommt es zu einer Entspannung der umliegenden Blechbereiche, die durch das Verdrängen des Blechmaterials aus dem Kerblinienbereich schlaff werden, was die aufgezeigten Probleme im besonderen Maße verstärken.However, this is in many cases opposed to the fact that the tear-open section deforms upward like a membrane due to the tensile action occurring at the fastening point of the grip tab. This disadvantage has a particularly pronounced effect if there is a departure from the usual sheet thicknesses of 0.24 mm and, on the other hand, thinner sheets are used to produce the cover. Here, the deformation of the sheet metal of the break-in start section can become so great that the forces required for the break-in of the score line are no longer transmitted safely and with as little loss as possible via the grip tab to the area of the score line which is initially to be broken. In addition, if the opening tab of the grip tab no longer begins to yield above the section of the score line that is initially to be broken in, the cover sheet no longer breaks along the score line and tears further due to its reduced thickness, so that the opening process gets out of control. This can go so far that the entire cross-sectional area of the can can no longer be exposed in the desired manner. These problems also arise from the fact that the score line converges towards the starting section and has a closely curved course in the region of the first break-in. When this score line is generated, the surrounding sheet metal areas relax, which become slack due to the displacement of the sheet material from the score line area, which intensifies the problems shown to a particular extent.

Diese Probleme werden auch nicht mit anderen bekannten Gestaltungen des Deckels vermieden:These problems are also not avoided with other known designs of the lid:

So ist aus der US-PS 37 52 353 eine Dose mit kreisrundem Blechdeckel und parallel zum Dekkelrand verlaufender kreisrunder Kerblinie bekannt, die einen entsprechenden Aufreißbereich begrenzt. Abgesehen davon, daß es sich nicht um einen Blechdeckel für unrunde Dosen handelt, ist bei diesem bekannten Deckel auch kein Einbrechstartabschnitt der Kerblinie vorgesehen. Bezogen auf die Befestigungsstelle der Grifflasche ist der Deckelspiegel im wesentlichen in zwei Hälften unterteilt, in dem jeder Hälfte eine annähernd halbkreisförmige, zur Versteifung dienende Vertiefung zugeordnet ist. Die Versteifung in der vorderen, die Befestigungsstelle der Grifflasche aufweisenden Deckelhälfte ist so ausgebildet, daß um den Befestigungsbereich herum Verformungen oder Versteifungen vollständig fehlen. Die Versteifungen sind so ausgebildet, daß eine erste Biegelinie für das Blech unmittelbar hinter dem Befestigungsbereich und eine zweite dazu parallele Biegelinie zwischen den beiden halbkreisförmigen Vertiefungen entsteht. Ziel dieser Maßnahme ist es beim Öffnen des Deckels einen Druck mit dem Daumen auf die Deckelmitte, wie dies sonst notwendig ist, um das Abbiegen des Deckelbleches im Bereich des mittleren.From US-PS 37 52 353 a box with a circular sheet metal lid and a circular notch line running parallel to the edge of the lid is known, which limits a corresponding tear area. Apart from the fact that it is not a sheet metal lid for non-circular cans, no break-in start section of the score line is provided in this known lid either. In relation to the fastening point of the grip tab, the cover mirror is essentially divided into two halves, in which each half is assigned an approximately semicircular depression which serves to reinforce it. The stiffening in the front half of the lid, which has the fastening point of the grip tab, is designed in such a way that deformations or stiffening are completely absent around the fastening area. The stiffeners are designed in such a way that a first bending line for the sheet metal is formed directly behind the fastening area and a second bending line parallel to it between the two semicircular depressions. The aim of this measure is to press the thumb on the middle of the lid when opening the lid, as is otherwise necessary, in order to bend the lid plate in the area of the middle.

Querdurchmessers zu erreichen, entbehrlich zu machen, indem die beiden Deckelhälften je für sich brettartig versteift sind und durch die Versteifungen die zuvor erwähnten beiden Soll-Biegelinien entstehen. Die versteifende Vertiefung im vorderen Deckelbereich ist auch so ausgebildet, daß nach dem anfänglichen Einbrechen der Kerblinie das Blech entlang de vorgegebenen Kerblinie geführt weiterreißt so daß ein unkontrolliertes Einreißen des Deckelbleches verhindert wird.To achieve the transverse diameter, to make it dispensable by stiffening the two cover halves in a board-like manner and by creating the stiffeners, the aforementioned two bending lines are created. The stiffening recess in the front cover area is also designed such that after the initial breaking in of the score line, the sheet continues to tear along the given score line so that an uncontrolled tearing of the cover sheet is prevented.

Bei einem anderen bekannten Deckel von kreisrundem Umriß begrenzt die Kerblinie nur einen im Vergleich zu den Abmessungen des Deckels kleinen, zur Freilegung einer Ausgießöffnung dienenden Aufreißbereich (vgl. DE-OS 2832706). Um die Grifflasche vor Gebrauch dem Zugriff durch kleine Kinder zu entziehen und um ein ruckartiges Einbrechen des Aufreißbereiches während des Aufreißens zu vermeiden sind in dem Deckelspiegel zwei bis über die Außenfläche der flach auf dem Deckelspiegel aufliegenden Grifflasche hinausragende Verformungen vorgesehen, die zwischen sich einen mit ihrem Boden in der Ebene des Deckelspiegels liegende kanalartige Vertiefung begrenzen, in der das Griffende vollständig und bündig aufgenommen wird. Dadurch wird der Zugriff zu dem Griffende der Grifflasche wesentlich erschwert. Eine den Umriß der Grifflasche von außen eng umgrenzende aufragende Verformung ist in Draufsicht im wesentlichen hufeisenförmig ausgebildet und ragt mit ihren Schenkeln in den über eine Biegelinie mit dem Deckelspiegel bleibend verbundenen Aufreißbereich hinein, während die zweite aufragende Verformung die Fingeröffnung des Griffendes der Grifflasche entsprechend ausfüllt.In another known lid with a circular outline, the score line only delimits a tear area which is small compared to the dimensions of the lid and serves to expose a pouring opening (cf. DE-OS 2832706). In order to prevent the handle tab from being accessed by small children before use and to prevent the tear-open area from jerkily collapsing during the tear-open operation, the lid spit is provided Gel two deformations protruding beyond the outer surface of the grip tab lying flat on the cover mirror, which delimit a channel-like depression lying between them with their bottom in the plane of the cover mirror, in which the end of the handle is received completely and flush. This makes access to the handle end of the grip tab considerably more difficult. An upward deformation of the grip flap, which delimits the outline of the grip flap from above, is essentially horseshoe-shaped and its legs protrude into the tear area that is permanently connected to the cover mirror via a bending line, while the second upright deformation fills the finger opening of the grip end of the grip flap accordingly.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Blechdeckel für unrunde Dosen mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 so weiterzubilden, daß auch bei Verwendung von dünneren Blechen die beim Anheben des Griffendes der Grifflasche erzeugten Scherkräfte wesentlich vollständiger und damit auch effektiver zum anfänglichen Einbrechen der Kerblinie mit Hilfe der Aufbrechnase der Grifflasche zur Wirkung gebracht werden können.The invention has for its object to develop a sheet metal lid for non-circular cans with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that even when using thinner sheets, the shear forces generated when lifting the handle end of the handle tab much more complete and thus more effective for the initial breaking of the score line can be brought into effect with the aid of the opening tab of the grip tab.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Lehre des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the teaching of claim 1.

Durch die besondere Formgebung der U-förmigen Sicke wird der membranartige Bereich des Deckelspiegels um die Befestigungsstelle der Grifflasche herum und zwischen den beiden auf den Einbrechstartabschnitt hin konvergierenden Kerblinien so stabilisiert, daß dieser membranartige Bereich beim anfänglichen Einbrechen der Kerblinie seine im wesentlichen horizontale Loge trotz der über die Grifflasche zur Wirkung kommenden Kräfte beibehält. Damit wird auch die Lage der Befestigungsstelle selbst und des Einbrechstartabschnittes der Kerblinie stabilisiert. Dies verhindert, daß die Aufbrechnase der Grifflasche vor dem Einbrechen der Kerblinie über den Startabschnitt der Kerblinie hinauswandert. Ferner erfährt das umliegende Blech in diesem Bereich eine zusätzliche Spannung, da die U-förmige Sicke das aus den Kerblinien verdrängte Material aufnimmt, so daß in diesem Bereich schlaff gewordenes Blech nicht mehr vorliegt. Auch wird durch diese Maßnahme sichergestellt, daß der anfängliche Einbrechvorgang tatsächlich auch an dem Startabschnitt der Kerblinie erfolgt und daß trotz des dünnen Bleches der weitere Aufreißvorgang zuverlässig entlang der dazu vorgesehenen Kerblinie verläuft. Dazu trägt auch wesentlich die Ausdehnung der Länge der Quersicken in Bezug auf die zum Startabschnitt hin konvergierenden Kerblinienabschnitte bei. Zu beachten ist, daß trotz der durch die Maßnahmen erfolgenden Straffung des Bleches und der Versteifung und Sicherung der Lage der Befestigungsstelle der gewünschte Abknickvorgang des Bleches beim Aufreißen entlang der beiden Quersicken in keiner Weise beeinträchtigt wird.Due to the special shape of the U-shaped bead, the membrane-like area of the cover mirror around the attachment point of the handle tab and between the two notch lines converging towards the break-in start section is stabilized in such a way that this membrane-like area has its essentially horizontal box despite the initial break-in of the score line maintains the forces coming into effect via the handle This also stabilizes the position of the fastening point itself and the break-in start section of the score line. This prevents the tab of the grip tab from moving beyond the starting portion of the score line before the score line breaks. Furthermore, the surrounding sheet metal experiences additional tension in this area, since the U-shaped bead absorbs the material displaced from the score lines, so that sheet metal that has become slack is no longer present in this area. This measure also ensures that the initial break-in process actually takes place at the start section of the score line and that, despite the thin sheet, the further tearing process runs reliably along the score line provided for this purpose. The extension of the length of the transverse beads in relation to the notch line sections converging towards the starting section also contributes significantly to this. It should be noted that in spite of the tightening of the sheet and the stiffening and securing of the position of the fastening point, the desired bending of the sheet when tearing along the two transverse beads is in no way impaired.

Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Lehre des Anspruchs 1 wieder.The subclaims give advantageous refinements and developments of the teaching of claim 1.

Die neue Ausbildung stellt dabei sicher, daß einerseits der die Befestigungsstelle enthaltende Bereich im Aufreißstartabschnitt brettartig versteift ist, so daß hier ein Aufwölben des Bleches beim Aufreißen weitgehend unterbunden ist. Auf der anderen Seite kann der vor der Befestigungsstelle liegende Blechbereich beim anfänglichen Einbrechen in der gewünschten Weise leicht nach unten abknicken, wodurch die zum anfänglichen Einbrechen erforderlichen Kräfte entsprechend begrenzt werden. Die genaue Begrenzung dieses nach unten abknickenden Bereiches des Bleches gewährleistet in Verbindung mit der Ausgestaltung des Sickenverbundes ein sicheres Weiterrei- ßen des Bleches entlang der vorgegebenen Kerblinien.The new design ensures that, on the one hand, the area containing the fastening point is stiffened in a board-like manner in the tear-open start section, so that arching of the sheet metal during the tear-open is largely prevented here. On the other hand, the sheet metal area lying in front of the fastening point can bend slightly downwards in the desired manner during the initial break-in, as a result of which the forces required for the initial break-in are limited accordingly. The precise delimitation of this area of the sheet metal which bends downwards, in conjunction with the configuration of the bead composite, ensures that the sheet metal is torn further along the predetermined score lines.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand schematischer Zeichnungen an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings using an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen gemäß der Erfindung ausgebildeten Aufreißdeckel in Seitenansicht,
  • Figur 2 den Deckel nach Fig. 1 im Ausschnitt und in Draufsicht,
  • Figur 3 den Deckel nach Fig. 1 in Ansicht von unten und
  • Figur 4 einen Teilquerschnitt quer zur Längsmittellinie des Deckels.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a tear-open cover designed according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows the lid according to FIG. 1 in a detail and in a top view,
  • Figure 3 shows the lid of FIG. 1 in a view from below and
  • Figure 4 shows a partial cross section transverse to the longitudinal center line of the lid.

Es wird angenommen, daß es sich bei dem infrage stehenden Deckel um einen langovalen Deckel handelt, wie er in großem Umfang, z.B. für Fischdosen, eingesetzt wird. Es könnte sich aber auch um einen rechteckförmigen Deckel oder um einen kreisförmigen Deckel handeln.It is believed that the lid in question is a long oval lid of a large size, e.g. for fish cans. But it could also be a rectangular cover or a circular cover.

Der Deckel ist aus Blech hergestellt, und zwar bevorzugt aus Blechen mit einer Dicke, die geringer als die übliche Dicke, also geringer als 0,24 mm ist.The lid is made of sheet metal, preferably from sheets with a thickness that is less than the usual thickness, that is less than 0.24 mm.

Der Deckel ist in üblicher Weise mit einem Falzrand 2 ausgebildet, der über eine Kernwand in den Deckelspiegel 3 übergeht. Im Deckelspiegel ist durch eine in sich geschlossene Kerblinie 7 ein Aufreißbereich 6 begrenzt, von dem in Fig. 2 im wesentlichen nur der Aufreißstartaschnitt 16 gezeigt ist. Während im übrigen Bereich des Deckels die Kerblinie 7 nahe der Kernwand des Deckelrandes verläuft, weicht ihr Verlauf im Bereich des Aufreißstartabschnittes 16 von der Umrißform des Deckels ab. Vielmehr wird der Aufreißstartabschnitt 16 durch zwei zum linken Ende in Fig. 2 konvergierende geradlinige Kerbabschnitte 9 begrenzt, die am Ende des Deckels in einen relativ eng gekrümmten Startabschnitt 8 der Kerblinie übergeht. Im Bereich dieses Endes ist mittels aus dem Blech herausgeformten Niet 4 eine Grifflasche 5 befestigt. Diese ist als starrer Hebel ausgebildet und zumeist aus dünnem Blech geformt und durch Randeinrollungen und dgl. versteift. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Grifflaschenkörper direkt mit Hilfe des Niets 4 flach aufliegend auf dem Deckelblech befestigt. Die Griflasche könnte aber auch so ausgebildet sein, daß sich die Befestigungsstelle an einem durch Trennlinie 36 in Fig. 2 ausgebildeten Befestigungslappen des Grifflaschenkörpers befindet, wie dies allgemein bekannt ist. Die Grifflasche ist im dargestellten Beispiel mit ihrer Längsmittellinie auf die Längsmittellinie 19 des langovalen Deckels ausgerichtet. Es kann aber auch eine abweichende Orientierung der Grifflasche vorgesehen sein. Die Grifflasche weist ein vorderes Ende in Form einer Aufbrechnase 15 auf, die im wesentlichen fluchtend mit dem Startabschnitt 8 der Kerblinie angeordnet ist. Am abgewandten Ende weist die Grifflasche 5 einen Griffabschnitt 12 auf, der im dargestellten Beispiel ringförmig ausgebildet ist.The cover is designed in the usual way with a folded edge 2 which merges into the cover mirror 3 via a core wall. In the cover mirror, a tear-open area 6 is delimited by a closed notch line 7, of which essentially only the tear-open cut 16 is shown in FIG. 2. While in the remaining area of the lid the notch line 7 runs close to the core wall of the lid edge, its course in the area of the tear-open start section 16 deviates from the outline shape of the lid. Rather, the tear-open start section 16 is delimited by two straight-line notch sections 9 converging towards the left end in FIG. In the area of this end, a grip tab 5 is fastened by means of a rivet 4 formed out of the sheet metal. This is designed as a rigid lever and mostly formed from thin sheet metal and stiffened by curling edges and the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the handle flap body is attached directly to the cover plate with the rivet 4 lying flat. The grip tab could also be designed so that the attachment point is located on a fastening tab of the handle flap body formed by dividing line 36 in FIG. 2, as is generally known. In the example shown, the grip tab is aligned with its longitudinal center line on the longitudinal center line 19 of the long oval cover. However, a different orientation of the grip tab can also be provided. The grip tab has a front end in the form of a ratchet nose 15, which is arranged substantially flush with the start section 8 of the score line. At the opposite end, the grip tab 5 has a grip section 12, which is ring-shaped in the example shown.

In dem sich an den Aufreißstartabschnitt 16 anschließenden weiteren Bereich 17 des Aufreißbereichs 6 ist das Blech durch Vertiefung 20 oder durch Rippen oder Sicken versteift, die parallel zu dem Deckelrand bzw. zu dem zu diesem parallele Kerblinienabschnitt 10 verlaufen. Die Breite 39 des Aufreißbereichs erreicht hier nahezu die Größe der lichten Weite des Dose, die mit dem Deckel verschlossen werden kann.In the further area 17 of the tear-open area 6 adjoining the tear-open start section 16, the sheet is stiffened by recess 20 or by ribs or beads which run parallel to the lid edge or to the notch line section 10 parallel to the latter. The width 39 of the tear-open area here almost reaches the size of the inside width of the can, which can be closed with the lid.

Um dem membranartigen Aufwölben des Aufreißstartabschnittes beim Anheben des Griffendes 12 der Grifflasche 5 zum Öffnen der Dose entgegenzuwirken, ist nahe der Befestigungsstelle 4 und unterhalb der Grifflasche 5 eine U-förmige sickenförmige Vertiefung 23, 24 vorgesehen. Diese besteht aus einem unter dem Griffabschnitt 12 liegenden stegförmigen Abschnitt 23 und zwei von diesem nach vorn zur Startkerblinie 8 hin vorspringenden Schenkeln ader Armen 24, die abrupt bei 26 auf einer gemeinsamen Linie 28 quer zur Längsmittellinie 19 der Grifflasche 4 enden. Die Linie 28 verläuft tangential zum Schaft 4a des Niets 4. Der stegförmige Abschnitt 23 ist fluchtend mit dem Griffende 12 ausgebildet. Bei der ringförmigen Ausbildung des Griffendes 12 weist auch der stegförmige Abschnitt 23 einen entsprechenden teilringförmigen Verlauf auf, wobei die Breite der Sicke 23 der Breite des Ringbereichs 12 entspricht.In order to counteract the membrane-like bulging of the tear-open start section when lifting the handle end 12 of the handle tab 5 to open the can, a U-shaped bead-shaped depression 23, 24 is provided near the attachment point 4 and below the handle tab 5. This consists of a web-shaped section 23 lying under the handle section 12 and two legs or arms 24 projecting forwardly from it towards the starting score line 8, which end abruptly at 26 on a common line 28 transverse to the longitudinal center line 19 of the handle tab 4. The line 28 runs tangentially to the shank 4a of the rivet 4. The web-shaped section 23 is formed in alignment with the handle end 12. In the case of the ring-shaped design of the handle end 12, the web-shaped section 23 also has a corresponding partially ring-shaped course, the width of the bead 23 corresponding to the width of the ring region 12.

Die Schenkel 24 können im Übergangsbereich zu dem stegförmigen Abschnitt 23 breiter werden. Ihre Breite nimmt in Richtung zu den freien Enden 26 stetig ab. Es könnte auch ihre Tiefe in dieser Richtung abnehmen. Die Schenkel 24 verlaufen mit ihren inneren Begrenzungen 29 gerade und parallel zur Linie 19. Die U-förmige Vertiefung 23, 24 ist mit quer zur Längsmittellinie der Grifflasche verlaufenden Sicken 21, 22 zu einem Sickenverbund vereinigt. Alle Sicken dieses Sickenverbundes weisen im wesentlichen gleiche Tiefe auf. Die kürzere Quersicke 21 schneidet die U-förmige Vertiefung in Höhe des Überganges zwischen dem Steg 23 und den Schenkeln 24, während die längere Quersicke 22 den ringförmigen Stegteil 23 anschneidet, wie dies aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht. Die in Fig. 2 geradlinig ausgebildeten Quersicken 21, 22 können auch leicht gekrümmt ausgebildet sein. Zwischen den Quersicken 21, 22 bleibt innerhalb der Ringöffnung des Griffendes 12 ein erhabener Bereich 25 van nahezu halbkreisflächenförmigem Umriß. Zwischen der kürzeren Sicke 21 und den beiden Schenkeln 24 bleibt ein Plateau 11 in der Ebene des Deckelspiegels 3, auf welchem Plateau der Befestigungsniet für die Grifflasche 4 vorgesehen ist. Die Quersicken 21, 22 ragen jeweils bis direkt an die benachbarten Kerblinienabschnitte 9 heran. Der verbleibende Abstand 31 entspricht etwas der Breite 34 der Sicken.The legs 24 can widen in the transition region to the web-shaped section 23. Their width decreases steadily in the direction of the free ends 26. It could also decrease in depth in that direction. The legs 24 run with their inner boundaries 29 straight and parallel to the line 19. The U-shaped recess 23, 24 is combined with beads 21, 22 extending transversely to the longitudinal center line of the grip tab to form a bead assembly. All beads of this bead composite have essentially the same depth. The shorter cross bead 21 intersects the U-shaped recess at the level of the transition between the web 23 and the legs 24, while the longer cross bead 22 cuts the annular web part 23, as can be seen in FIG. 3. The transverse beads 21, 22 formed in a straight line in FIG. 2 can also be slightly curved. Between the transverse beads 21, 22, a raised area 25 of an almost semicircular outline remains within the ring opening of the handle end 12. Between the shorter bead 21 and the two legs 24 there remains a plateau 11 in the plane of the cover mirror 3, on which plateau the fastening rivet for the grip tab 4 is provided. The transverse beads 21, 22 each project directly up to the adjacent score line sections 9. The remaining distance 31 corresponds somewhat to the width 34 of the beads.

Die Anordnung kann so getroffen sein, daß durch die Art der Befestigung der Grifflasche 5 Oder durch leichte Verfarmung der Grifflasche 5 wenigstens ein Teil des Griffendes 12 wenigstens teilweise in die Tiefe der Sicken eingreift, so daß durch die Anordnung die Grifflasche zugleich gegen Verdrehen um die Befestigungsstelle zuverlässig gesichert ist. Ferner kann die Anordnung und Lage des Griffendes 12 gegenüber der längeren Quersicke 22 so sein, daß mit dem Fingernagel ader der Fingerkuppe leicht unter das äußerste Griffende 12 der Grifflasche gefaßt werden kann, um dieses Griffende 12 anzuheben und die Dose zu öffnen. Mit 32 ist in Fig. 3 die Dichtungsmasse im Deckelflansch 2 bezeichnet.The arrangement can be such that at least part of the handle end 12 engages at least partially in the depth of the beads by the type of attachment of the handle tab 5 or by slight de-formation of the handle tab 5, so that the handle at the same time prevents twisting by the arrangement Attachment point is reliably secured. Furthermore, the arrangement and location of the handle end 12 relative to the longer transverse bead 22 can be such that the fingernail or the tip of the fingertip can be easily grasped under the outermost handle end 12 of the handle tab in order to lift this handle end 12 and open the can. The sealant in the cover flange 2 is designated by 32 in FIG. 3.

Wenigstens die Schenkel 24, im bevorzugten Beispiel nach Fig. 3 auch die Stegabschnitte 23 und die Quersicken 21, 22 weisen einen etwa trapezförmigen Querschnitt auf wie er in Fig. 4 bei 30 gezeigt ist.At least the legs 24, in the preferred example according to FIG. 3 also the web sections 23 and the transverse beads 21, 22 have an approximately trapezoidal cross section as shown at 30 in FIG. 4.

Claims (6)

1. Metal end (1) for non-round cans - in particular oblong, oval cans - having a removable portion (6) surrounded by an endless scoreline (7) with a break-in starting portion (8) at one oval side of the end, which scoreline (7) runs parallel to the long straight side of the end and converges (9) towards the break-in starting portion (8), the removable portion being provided near the break-in starting portion of the scoreline with a lever-shaped gripping tab (5) for can opening which is arranged flat on the removable portion (6) and secured to it with a rivet (4) and one end of which is designed as a break-open nose (15) lying on the break-in starting portion (8) of the scoreline (7), while its opposite end is designed as ring-shaped gripping portion (12), the area of the removable portion between the two converging scoreline sections (9) being provided with at least two beads (21, 22) arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the end, characterized in that, in case of using thin metal plate -of below 0.24 mm thickness and for the purpose of stabilizing the metal plate of the removable portion (6) between the converging scoreline sections (9) and the position of the grippping tab (5) affixed to it, a further bead (23, 24) of U-shaped design is provided in the removable portion (6) whose straight legs (24) run parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis (19) of the end (1), are oriented towards the break-in starting portion (8) of the scoreline, are arranged at either side of the rivet (4) of the gripping tab (5), cross at least one (21) of the transverse beads (21, 22) and end at a common straight line (28) which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis (19) of the end and tangentially to the rivet shaft (4a) on the side of the rivet (4) facing the break-in starting portion (8) the remaining part of the U-shaped bead (23, 24) being essentially adapted to, and arranged below, the contour of the ring-shaped gripping portion (12) of the gripping tab (5), and in that the transverse beads (21, 22) extend towards each of the converging scoreline sections (9) up to a distance (31) from them which corresponds to the width of the transverse beads (21, 22).
2. End to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the legs (24) of the U-shaped bead (23, 24) is approximately trapezoidal.
3. End to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the segment-shaped section (23) of the U-shaped bead (23, 24) which connects the two legs (24) runs tangentially through the second transverse bead (23).
4. End to claim 1, characterized in that the depth or width of the legs (24) of the U-shaped bead steadily decreases towards the leg ends (26).
5. End to claim 2, characterized in that also the bead section (23) connecting the legs (24) as well as the transverse beads (21, 22) have a trapezoidal cross section and are essentially of equal depth.
6. End to claim 1, characterized in the ring-shaped gripping portion (12) of the finished end is partially lodged in the depth of the U-shaped bead (23, 24).
EP87101528A 1986-03-06 1987-02-05 Tearable metal cover for cans Expired - Lifetime EP0236736B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87101528T ATE53554T1 (en) 1986-03-06 1987-02-05 METAL TEAR LID FOR CANS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3607402 1986-03-06
DE19863607402 DE3607402A1 (en) 1986-03-06 1986-03-06 Tear-off lid made of metal for cans

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0236736A2 EP0236736A2 (en) 1987-09-16
EP0236736A3 EP0236736A3 (en) 1988-06-29
EP0236736B1 true EP0236736B1 (en) 1990-06-13

Family

ID=6295675

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87101528A Expired - Lifetime EP0236736B1 (en) 1986-03-06 1987-02-05 Tearable metal cover for cans

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US4767020A (en)
EP (1) EP0236736B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62208358A (en)
KR (1) KR920006037B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE53554T1 (en)
AU (1) AU590685B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8700944A (en)
CA (1) CA1273303A (en)
DD (1) DD254715B5 (en)
DE (2) DE3607402A1 (en)
DK (1) DK166912B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2004227A6 (en)
GR (1) GR870362B (en)
IS (1) IS1340B6 (en)
NO (1) NO171053C (en)
PL (1) PL155245B1 (en)
PT (1) PT84403B (en)
SU (1) SU1547703A3 (en)

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USD405010S (en) 1994-11-03 1999-02-02 Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag Can lid

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DE3535226A1 (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-16 Schmalbach Lubeca SHEET LID FOR UNROUNDERED CAN, ESP. LANGOVALE CAN IN HANSA FORMAT
FR2687372B1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1995-05-19 Lorraine Laminage EASY OPENING COVER AND CONTAINER PROVIDED WITH SUCH A COVER.
US5934498A (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-08-10 Aluminum Company Of America Convenience easy opening end with large removal panel
ES2238116B1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2006-12-01 Mivisa Envases, S.A.U. EASY OPEN COVER.
US20050178379A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-18 Michael Weinberger Alcohol gel fireplace burner
US7909195B2 (en) * 2005-09-23 2011-03-22 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Two-piece container lid assembly
WO2008080053A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Portola Packaging, Inc. Internal container bore mount fitment
PT3257773T (en) 2016-06-16 2019-05-29 Ardagh Mp Group Netherlands Bv Lid for a rounded oblong can, and a rounded oblong can provided with such lid
GB2580900B (en) * 2019-01-23 2021-05-19 Crown Packaging Technology Inc Can end with ribs to increase panel stiffness

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DE7227762U (en) * 1972-11-02 Wehrstedt & Soehne Full tear-off lid for cans
US3662916A (en) * 1970-11-23 1972-05-16 Continental Can Co Easy opening container
US3752353A (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-08-14 Campbell Soup Co Can end
AU463119B2 (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-07-17 Van Dorn Company Easy opening rectangular metal container
US3891117A (en) * 1974-05-24 1975-06-24 Dorn Co V Easy-opening can end construction
JPS5345750A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-04-24 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Hot water boiler
US4143788A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-03-13 The Continental Group, Inc. Child resistant safety closure
US4406378A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-09-27 Automated Container Corporation Metallic convenience closure
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DE3430382A1 (en) * 1984-08-17 1986-02-27 Schmalbach-Lubeca AG, 3300 Braunschweig SHEET LID, INSB. LANGOVALE CAN, e.g. Hansa format

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD405010S (en) 1994-11-03 1999-02-02 Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag Can lid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0236736A2 (en) 1987-09-16
US4767020A (en) 1988-08-30
ES2004227A6 (en) 1988-12-16
AU590685B2 (en) 1989-11-09
KR920006037B1 (en) 1992-07-27
NO870954D0 (en) 1987-03-06
DE3607402A1 (en) 1987-09-10
DD254715A5 (en) 1988-03-09
IS3186A7 (en) 1987-09-07
GR870362B (en) 1987-06-30
KR880009850A (en) 1988-10-05
PT84403B (en) 1989-10-04
DK113487A (en) 1987-09-07
JPS62208358A (en) 1987-09-12
DE3607402C2 (en) 1991-03-07
NO870954L (en) 1987-09-07
DK166912B1 (en) 1993-08-02
JPH0329668B2 (en) 1991-04-24
PL264442A1 (en) 1988-06-23
EP0236736A3 (en) 1988-06-29
DD254715B5 (en) 1997-01-23
ATE53554T1 (en) 1990-06-15
BR8700944A (en) 1987-12-29
DE3763179D1 (en) 1990-07-19
DK113487D0 (en) 1987-03-05
PL155245B1 (en) 1991-11-29
NO171053C (en) 1993-01-20
IS1340B6 (en) 1989-01-13
AU6974487A (en) 1987-09-10
PT84403A (en) 1987-04-01
SU1547703A3 (en) 1990-02-28
NO171053B (en) 1992-10-12
CA1273303A (en) 1990-08-28

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