EP0236282A1

EP0236282A1 - Improved washing machine with a reduced power consumption

Info

Publication number: EP0236282A1
Application number: EP87830069A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roberto Bertazzoni
Original assignee: Smeg SpA
Current assignee: Smeg SpA
Priority date: 1986-02-28
Filing date: 1987-02-27
Publication date: 1987-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 2007-02-27
Also published as: EP0236282B2; ES2016653B3; IT8619596A0; ES2016653T5; IT1190075B; IT8619596A1; EP0236282B1; DE3763702D1

Abstract

An improved machine is described, by means of which it is possible, with a comparable washing performance, to use a quantity of water reduced in comparison with a prior machine, with the consequence of reduced consumption of electric power and saving of detergent. This is obtained by decreasing the diameter size of the washing tank (10) containing the rotating drum (20) with horizontal axis (XX), so as to ensure all the same a sufficient water level inside the drum even with a reduced water feed. As the gap (15) between drum (20) and washing tank (10) would thereby assume a very small size, such that a heating resistor (16) would not be allowed therein, a suitable recess (14) is provided in the washing tank for housing the electric resistance. Furthermore the spokes or ribs (22, 22ʹ, 22ʺ) for dragging the fabrics inside the drum, which are traditionally hollow and parallel to the drum axis, are formed at the outer periphery of the drum with openings (23) which are facing the gap between drum and washing tank to draw water from said gap, and with holes (25) at their innerest zone in the drum, whereby during the rotatory movement of the latter the received water will flow out therefrom by rain-like sprinkling so as to soak the fabrics within the drum.

Description

The present invention relates to an improved washing machine with a reduced power consumption, and in particular a machine capable of performing, in a traditional rotating drum, a washing cycle of a quality as good as the one obtained with the prior art machines, in spite of a limited water quantity being employed, and therefore with reduced consumption of detergent and electric power for heating.
It is known that since when the rotating drum with horizontal axis was adopted, only little changes have been experienced in the washing machine technology, other than some minor improvements to make these machines more practical, steady and/or noiseless. However the research in this field has been oriented lately to the reduction of utilization costs of the washing machines, while trying to decrease, whenever possible, the washing time and the consumption of electric power and water. The water feed reduction in the hot washing cycle has proved to be the most advantageous and efficient way to obtain this purpose. As a matter of fact a reduced quantity of water allows a quicker achievement of the washing temperature with a saving of time and electric power, as well as with a lower quantity of detergent at the same preferred concentration, thus leading to a consequent strong reduction of costs.
On the other hand it is known that the washing effect is obtained by the dynamic action mechanically exerted by the alternate rotation of the perforated drum in which the clothes are placed being immersed in the water and detergent solution contained in the washing tank and drum through the holes of the latter. This mechanical action is also favoured by a certain number of dragging ribs extending longitudinally on the inner cylindrical wall of the drum and radially projecting towards its rotation axis. The quantity of water with detergent contained in washing tank should therefore be such as to ensure a sufficient level height for soaking the laundry articles in the drum. If the height is insufficient, the washing effect would be unavoidably poor.
In attempting to overcome these difficulties, washing machines have been lately manufactured in which a sufficient soaking of the fabrics is ensured, in spite of the reduced water feed, by adopting a solution providing for a re-cycling of water contained in a boiler communicating with the washing tank by means of a recovery conduit, this water then falling again as a jet onto the fabrics within the drum through the holes thereof. This solution however requires that, in addition to the usual discharge pump, another circulating pump is applied to the container-boiler, which draws water from the boiler and delivers the same to the outlet section of the above-mentioned jet through a conduit. There is also a variation of this solution, according to which the water jet is directed, rather than to the outside of the drum, to the inside thereof, directly onto the items to be washed through an inlet nozzle from the door chamber.
In both the preceding solutions, against an undoubted saving of energy, it should however be taken into account the rise in costs resulting from the installation of a container-boiler and an additional circulating pump, being also in mind that both these elements add to the machine complexity and, especially for the pump, the likelihood of failures or malfunctions.
The present invention has the purpose of attaining the above-mentioned advantages relating to the economic effects of a reduced volume of water without resorting to the application of a container-boiler and associate circulating pump, i.e. without introducing elements which can increase the machine complexity and thereby its costs as well as the risk of failures.
The improved washing machine of the present invention has, for a given drum diameter size, a reduced diameter of the washing tank, whereby the resulting gap between tank and drum has a lower size. Since the water used for washing is substantially what is contained in the drum, a level height of water in the latter results which is sufficient, even with a reduced water feed, as the water volume in the gap is lower. To render the gap as narrow as possible, therein being usually placed the heating resistors, these latter can be housed in a recess suitably formed in the lower portion of the washing tank. Furthermore, still according to the invention, in order to improve the washing effect also the water fraction contained in the gap, notwithstanding the reduced size thereof, is utilized. On the outer surface of the drum there is in fact provided a number of means dipping into said gap zone, capable of drawing therefrom, upon drum rotation, a certain quantity of water and adapted to contain the same during a fraction of revolution, then causing it to fall inside the drum, before the subsequent taking of water, in order to soak in an evener manner the laundry items therein.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of said means for taking, containing and subsequent transfer of water is advantageously formed of one of the dragging spokes or ribs longitudinally extending, parellel to the drum axis, which are made hollow and have been modified so as to show on the outer surface openings communicating with the gap and, towards the inside of the drum, outlet holes for discharging the drawn water.
According to another more preferred embodiment, the inner cavity of each of said ribs is formed with a division in two longitudinal chambers, each of which is provided with an opening having an inlet mouth facing opposite directions to favour the taking of water in one and, respectively, the other direction of rotation of the drum, the outlet holes being further provided, in each half length of a rib, on opposite sides with respect to the inner apex of the rib itself to allow that a given quantity of water is retained within either of the two half lengths of rib according to the rotation direction, before being discharged by said holes.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the washing machine of the invention will be clear to those skilled in the art by the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the enclosed drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 shows a schematic view of the washing machine according to the invention, illustrated in cross-section along a vertical diametral plane of the washing tank; and
FIGURES 2, 2a show a sectional view along line II-II of Fig. 1 and, respectively, a detail of the bottom portion of the washing machine, cross-sectioned along line IIa-IIa of Fig. 1.

With reference to the drawings a motor-flywheel unit 1 is conventionally mounted on the frame 2 of the washing machine according to the invention in order to rotate, as it is known about a horizontal axis X-X, a cylindrical perforated drum 20 at the inside of a chamber or tank 10 which encloses the same. Again in a traditional way the inside portion of drum 20 is accessible from outside through a door 12.
According to the present invention the diameter of tank 10 has a reduced size in comparison with the known tanks, thus reducing at the same time the size of gap 15 between drum 20 and inner wall of the washing tank 10. Such a gap can be brought to a minimum size of about 12 mm at the front side of the drum, as required by the unavoidable clearance between the two walls, when considering that the rotating drum is subject to vibratory and oscillating movements of its axis X-X, also depending upon the load of the articles to be washed and their more or less uniform distribution. The size of the gap can even be decreasing towards the rear side of the machine, where the drum is less subject to transverse movements, such as by making the washing tank slightly tapered, with a greater diameter at the front side. Due to the reduced room between tank and drum, the heating resistance 16, usually positioned in this gap, is housed in a recess 14 formed for this purpose at the lower portion of the wall of the tank itself, i.e. in the zone which during the operation is certainly covered with water, as is better seen in Fig. 2.
With such an arrangement, the present invention provides that the quantity of water for washing is less than what is usually adopted, in order to benefit of the power saving advantages as set forth above. The water level l reached within the drum should be however sufficient for washing, and it has been found that a water consumption could be had, lower even by one third with respect to the conventional water demand. Therefore an average volume of 12 liters of water with detergent can be reduced to about 8 liters for washing machines having a load capacity of 5 kg.
In this way the washing efficiency is increased, since the water quantity within the drum 20 is relatively greater, whereas the fraction of fluid mass is reduced, which remains substantially inactive, as it fills the gap 15. However, in case the water level l would not be high enough to ensure that all the fabrics in the drum 20 will be soaked, the present invention provides therefor as follows. To this aim the periphery of the drum 20 has on his outer surface means for taking and temporary storing a given quantity of water which is drawn from the lower zone of gap 15 upon rotation of the drum, to be subsequently powred downwards onto the fabrics in the drum while the rotation continues.
With reference to the drawing, each of such means can be advantageously provided by the dragging spokes or ribs usually included in the known washing machines to enhance the mechanical action onto the fabrics to be washed by driving them into rotation with the drum. These ribs are formed hollow for obvious reasons of weight reduction and saving of material, and according to the invention are modified as follows. Designated 22, 22ʹ, 22ʺ in Fig. 2, these ribs having a cylindrical cross-section with the apex radially directed towards the axis X-X of the drum and evenly distributed along the drum periphery (in the case shown at an angular distance of 120° from each other, as they are in number of three), all show an opening 23 which communicates their inside with the gap 15. The opening 23, defined by a slightly inclined member 21, is directed facing the rotation direction of drum 20, whereby during the washing operation the inside of each rib 22 is filled with the liquid in the lower portion of the gap by dynamic effect, when opening 23 comes into contact therewith and, as the drum rotation continues (in a counterclockwise direction in Fig. 2), the liquid flows out therefrom through holes 25 provided at the apex portion of each rib. As seen in the drawing the holes 25 are formed beyond the apex portion, in the indicated direction of rotation, in order to ensure that the water received within each rib will be discharged when the latter has reached a given angle with respect to the horizontal, i.e. at a predetermined height from the articles in the drum, this height in fact depending on the position of said holes 25. A better distribution is thus obtained of then water which sprinkles on the fabrics to be washed in a rain-like fashion.
However, as the drum rotation is alternately directed in both directions, if the ribs were made as shown in Fig. 2 along the whole length, they would have no influence on water in the gap 15 during the clockwise rotation of the drum 20. To this effect it has been thought to use one half length of each rib 22 for the counterclockwise rotation and the other half length for the clockwise direction by dividing each rib into two halfribs (or half-spokes), i.e. a front one 22 and a rear one 22a, by means of a separating central wall 24. Both half-ribs are aligned each other along the same generating line of the cylinder forming the drum and have therefore the associated opening 23 with the member 21 defining the same directed to opposite sides from the central axis of the rib, and the holes 25 also positioned at opposite sides, symmetrically with respect to those of the other half-rib. This is clearly shown in Fig. 2a with reference to the lower rib 22, 22a, when compared with Fig. 2.
From the foregoing it will be clear the advantages and the way of operating of the washing machine according to the invention which, without adding difficulties due to additional devices which are expensive and such as to cause the drawbacks of possible failures or necessity of maintenance service, provides for an important reduction of the quantity of water required while a washing performance is obtained as good as with the known washing machines of the prior art which need a larger quantity of water. Thus the mass of water contained in the bottom of gap 15 between washing tank and drum, which heretofore was useless for washing purposes, not only is reduced in percentage with respect to that portion of water which is contained within the drum passing through the holes thereof, but is also utilized to better soak the fabrics to be washed.

Claims

1. Washing machine comprising a perforated drum (20) which alternately rotates at the inside of a washing tank (10) coaxially therewith about a horizontal axis (X-X), said drum being provided with dragging ribs (22, 22ʹ, 22ʺ) which extend longitudinally and parallel to said axis (X-X), characterized by the improvement of having a reduced diameter size of the washing tank (10) with consequent reduced size of gap (15) between said tank and washing drum, and by further comprising means (22) on the outer surface of drum (20) suitable to dip into the lower portion of said gap zone (15) and to draw therefrom, during the rotation of drum, a given quantity of water for containing the same during a fraction of revolution of the drum and then transferring it down again into the inside of drum (20), before the subsequent taking action, in order to uniformly soak the articles to be washed contained therein.

2. Washing machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said tank (10) is formed, at its lower portion containing washing water, a recess (14) for housing a heating resistor (16).

3. Washing machine according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that said means for taking, containing and subsequent transferring the washing liquid are formed of the dragging ribs themselves (22, 22ʹ, 22ʺ) which are made hollow with an opening (23) at the drum (20) periphery and holes (25) in the zone of rib apex directed inwardly into the drum.

4. Washing machine according to claim 3, character ized by the fact that the inner hollow of said ribs is divided in two longitudinal portions, each of which (22, 22a; 22ʹ, 22ʹa; 22ʺ, 22ʺa) having associated an opening (23) at opposite sides of the rib with a mouth element (21) inclined toward opposite directions, each time in the direction of rotation of the drum suitable to carry out a dynamic action on the related half rib, the outlet holes (25) being also provided on opposite sides symmetrical to the central line of the rib to provide for some water storing therein before its flowing out through said holes (25) according to the corresponding rotation direction of the drum (20).

5. Improved washing machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said gap (15) has a size corresponding to the minimum clearance possible between drum (20) and washing tank (10), i.e. 12-15 mm as a maximum at the front portion of said drum.