EP0231708B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Orientierung von Spalten in einer geologischen Formation - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Orientierung von Spalten in einer geologischen Formation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0231708B1
EP0231708B1 EP86402913A EP86402913A EP0231708B1 EP 0231708 B1 EP0231708 B1 EP 0231708B1 EP 86402913 A EP86402913 A EP 86402913A EP 86402913 A EP86402913 A EP 86402913A EP 0231708 B1 EP0231708 B1 EP 0231708B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orientation
tubular element
fracture
fluid
mobile
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86402913A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0231708A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Marrast
André Pauc
Christian Wittrisch
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the orientation of fractures or drains in a geological formation.
  • the fracture plane develops perpendicular to the weakest of these three constraints: the fracture will generally be horizontal at shallow depth (less than 600 m), the vertical stress being weaker than the two horizontal constraints, and vertical for greater depths , the fracturing plane being perpendicular to the lower of the two horizontal stresses.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is sometimes used to connect two wells at the level of a geological formation, for example to carry out the underground gasification of a layer of coal whose permeability is too low to ensure between the two wells the circulation of the flow of gas necessary for the maintenance of a back combustion.
  • Geophones or accelerometers pressed against the wall detect noises related to fracturing.
  • the availability of such a listening well is fairly uncertain and, moreover, the interpretation methods do not, for the moment, make it possible to deduce from many recorded noises an even approximate direction of the bill.
  • the device according to the present invention eliminates these drawbacks, because its object is to determine, at the start and / or during fracturing, a direction of fractures from a well as well cased and perforated as a well in discovered and limit the loss of time on the well by easy, rapid and inexpensive implementation, the apparatus in fact forming part of the fracturing lining itself and not requiring any additional maneuvers.
  • the object of the invention is also to determine the values of the stress.
  • the invention provides a device for determining the orientation of fractures or drains in a geological formation having a substantially vertical or oblique fracture zone from a well, this device comprising a tubular element whose cross section is substantially circular, said tubular member connecting to a source of hydraulic fluid and having at least one flow orifice through which the fluid can escape.
  • the invention also provides a method for determining the orientation of fractures or drains in a geological formation having a fracture zone, substantially vertical or oblique, from a well.
  • a hydraulic fluid is introduced into a tubular element having at least one flow orifice, the fluid is made to circulate in a movable orientation element situated substantially at the same depth as the fracture zone while letting escape the fluid through at least one outlet in a direction, preferably inclined on the axis of the well, so as to rotate said orientation element to a final position in relation to the orientation of the fracture and we identify said position.
  • the orientation element can be moved to the right of the fracture and then be in a position directly related to the orientation of the fracture, where it can be moved to a position that may or may not be facing the fracture if the device is provided with a return member, for example, but which can be correlated, by means of a calibration for example, to the orientation of the fracture.
  • said tubular element comprises at least one flow orifice situated substantially along at least one generator. It can also include at least two diametrically opposed mobile orientation elements.
  • the device comprises a tubular element with at least one flow orifice arranged according to a generator, at least one fixed pallet arranged parallel to the axis of said element and located in the immediate vicinity of said flow orifice , at least one movable pallet arranged parallel to the axis of the tubular element, said movable pallet being separated from said fixed pallet by said flow orifice, said movable pallet being articulated around said element by delimiting with said fixed pallet a chamber, said chamber being in communication with said flow orifice, said movable pallet being adapted to move by rotation from an initial position determined by a return member to said final position corresponding to the evacuation of said fluid from said chamber towards the fracture zone.
  • the hydraulic fluid injected can advantageously be water, or a viscous liquid which may contain chemical additives or even proppants, such as sand or zirconia beads for example.
  • the pumping rate allowing the device to operate is between 0.1 and a few tens of m 3 per minute and preferably between 1 and 2 m 3 per minute.
  • this reference generator of the probe is then determined relative to a geographic reference which may be either magnetic or geographic north, or a vertical reference plane passing through the axis of the well or of the probe, it i.e. either the azimuth a in the case of vertical wells, or in the case of deviated wells the azimuth a, the inclination i and the angle of rotation u between the planes defined by the axis of the well (or the probe) and the reference generator, on the one hand, and the vertical direction and the axis of the well, on the other.
  • a geographic reference which may be either magnetic or geographic north, or a vertical reference plane passing through the axis of the well or of the probe, it i.e. either the azimuth a in the case of vertical wells, or in the case of deviated wells the azimuth a, the inclination i and the angle of rotation u between the planes defined by the axis of the well (or the probe) and the reference generator, on the one hand,
  • the azimuth a is the angle formed between the projection of the direction of magnetic north on the horizontal plane and the projection of the axis of the well or the probe on the horizontal plane.
  • the inclination i is the angle made by the axis of the well with the vertical while the angle of rotation u is formed between the vertical plane passing through the axis of the probe and the plane passing through the reference generator and l axis of the probe.
  • the angle e can be obtained, in all cases, by at least one proximity sensor associated, for example, with small magnets.
  • a magnetic compass can be used to measure a and in the presence of a magnetic medium a gyroscope.
  • a compass or magnetometers to determine the angle a and inclinometers for the angle i, and within the framework of a medium magnetic, a gyroscope and inclinometers.
  • the compass, inclinometers and static accelerometers are fixed on the probe (fixed part) while the angular position measuring instrument consists of a fixed part comprising at least one proximity sensor fixed to the probe or to the 'tubular element, this sensor cooperating with a movable part, consisting of a plurality of magnets, for example, arranged on the movable orientation element.
  • the reference 20 in FIG. 1 designates a deviated or vertical oil well and the reference 21 the device according to the invention making it possible to detect the orientation of a fracture 5 to be created or present in a geological formation 5a.
  • a casing 1 or casing is put in place in a manner known per se. It includes an area which has been perforated 4 by known means and which has been placed in the immediate vicinity of the geological layer 5a containing the fracture 5 or in which a fracture is going to be made 5.
  • the perforations 4 are reported in different radial directions. In the various figures, only the perforations 4 have been shown which are close to the fracture and through which there will be a flow of fluid. At the depths of geological formations containing oil or gas, the fractures will rather be substantially vertical or oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis of the well.
  • the device according to the invention 21 is placed on the surface on a tubular element 2, before the operation of descent into the well.
  • This tubular element 2 is pierced with at least one flow orifice 6 in its lower part.
  • the device 21 is composed of a rotating element 11 or cage mounted on bearings 12a and 12b allowing easy rotation of the cage 11 around the tubular element 2.
  • This rotating element 11 in the form of a volume of revolution is located substantially at same level as the fracture zone and is in communication with the flow orifice 6. It determines a chamber 22 and has in its periphery an outlet orifice 13 in the form of a slot or hole or a plurality of holes arranged substantially along a generator of the volume of revolution or in the immediate vicinity of the generator.
  • This orifice 13 constitutes a movable orientation element.
  • the element 11 may comprise, to promote its rotation, at least one strip 25 located in the immediate vicinity of the orifice 13 between the tubular element 2 and the cage 11 and the length of which is such that this strip does not touch the tubular element 2. Excellent results are obtained when the element 11 has two diametrically opposite strips.
  • the rotating element 11 comprises a plurality of magnets 14, for example, which constitute the mobile part and which are associated with at least one proximity detector or sensor 15 connected by a link 29 to the electric cable 9.
  • This sensor is fixed on the probe 10.
  • the other devices 8, such as compass, accelerometers, inclinometers, magnetometers and gyroscope, are arranged on the probe. According to this embodiment, only the magnets 14 are fixed on the movable element 11 and the measurement system (15, 8) can be raised by the cable 9 with the probe 10.
  • the orifices 4, 13 and 6 are therefore substantially at the same depth as the fracture 5 whose direction we want to determine.
  • a packer 3a ensures upstream of the device 21 the seal between the casings 1 and 2 as well as the centering of the installation.
  • Another packer 3b can optionally seal downstream if it turns out that the space between the rotating element 11 and the casing 1 or the wall of the well is too large.
  • the locating means 10 (probe with its measuring instruments) is sent by an electric cable 9 controlled from the surface, substantially below the fractured zone and will come into contact with a stop 7 forming a seat.
  • the probe thus obtains the closure of the base of the tubular element 2. Sealing can also be ensured by satisfactory tension of the cable 9 from the surface.
  • the chamber 22 is annular and is closed, optionally by the locating means.
  • the tubular element 2 comprises at least one radial orifice 6.
  • the information is either processed on the surface or stored and processed after the probe 10 has risen to the surface where the pumping control and control operations for the hydraulic fluid delivered by a pump are also carried out, for example from the surface.
  • Means of known type, not shown in the figure, housed in the probe make it possible to determine the value of the stress.
  • the tubular element 2 has two diametrically opposite flow orifices 6 and the rotating element 11 also shows two diametrically opposite outlet orifices 13.
  • This configuration facilitates the motor torque of the mobile assembly. It is advantageously possible to provide on the external edge of the orifice 13 at least one means 23 (restriction lip for example) for introducing an asymmetric pressure drop on the path of the fluid.
  • the chamber 22 is cylindrical and the base of the cage 11 obtains the obturation.
  • the cage 11 may optionally include strips 25 facilitating its rotation and is supported by at least two reinforcing elements 26, attached to the fixed tubular element 2, the cage resting on a guide member 27 such as a needle.
  • the reinforcing elements 26 and the guide member 27 thus maintain the cage at the time of pumping and react to the effects of the pressure of the fluid on the base of the cage.
  • the magnets 14 are arranged on the cage 11 and the proximity sensors 15 fixed on the tubular element 2 are connected by a link 24 to a male connector 28a on which is plugged a female connector 28b of the cable 9.
  • the touching element 11 mounted on the bearings 12a and 12b comprises two mobile pallets 17 of rectangular, diametrically opposite shape, for example, while the 'tubular element 2 has two flow orifices in the immediate vicinity of which there may be two fixed pallets 16 diametrically opposite.
  • a return member 18 of known type keeps the movable pallets 17 in reproducible and perfectly known rest position, that is to say that they substantially face the fixed pallets 16 while being separated by the flow orifice 6.
  • a tab 19 may possibly stop the action of the return member 18 (Fig. 5).
  • a tubular element 2 equipped with two sealing members and whose flow orifices 6 will be substantially at the depth of the fractured layer.
  • Hydraulic fluid (gel) under pressure is sent by the surface pumping installations at a flow rate of 1 m 3 / min, which first circulates inside the tubular element 2, then passes into the chamber 22 through the flow holes 6 and is finally evacuated towards the fracture zone by moving the movable orientation element (movable pallets Fig. 4:17; Fig. 1:11 and 13) which will be positioned facing the fracture, indicating thus a final direction corresponding to the direction of the fracture, ie the angular position e.
  • movable orientation element movable pallets Fig. 4:17; Fig. 1:11 and 13
  • This direction is then measured by the system of magnets 14 and proximity sensors 15 and the information is stored or sent to the surface for processing (determination of the magnitude e ⁇ a).
  • the measurement systems of rotation are lowered at the same time as the tubular member. After anchoring the sealing elements 3a and / or 3b and measuring the parameters a if the well is vertical and u if the well is deflected, the bottom electrical connector 28b is lowered by the cable 9, and one plugs this connector 28b into the measuring device. The fluid is then pumped and the angular position (rotation) of the rotating element 13, 11 indicating the direction of the fracture is measured.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Orientierung von Frakturen bzw. Spalten oder Abläufen in einer geologischen Formation die eine Zone mit im wesentlichen vertikalen oder schrägen Frakturen oder Spalten ausgehend von einem Bohrloch aufweist, mit einem röhrenförmigen Element (2), dessen Querschnitt im wesentlichen kreisförmig ist, wenigstens einer Kammer (22), über die das Fluid aus diesem röhrenförmigen Element (2) gegen die Fraktur oder die Spalte fließen kann, wobei diese Kammer (22) in Verbindung mit dieser Strömungsöffnung steht und dieses röhrenförmige Element (2) mit einer Quelle für hydraulisches Fluid verbunden ist und wenigstens eine Strömungsöffnung (6) aufweist, über die das Fluid entweichen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in Kombination umfaßt:
- wenigstens ein bewegliches Orientierungselement (Fig. 1:13,11; Fig. 4:17), das im wesentlichen auf der gleichen Tiefe wie die Frakturenzone sich befindet, wobei dieses Element drehbar um dieses röhrenförmige Element gelagert und so eingerichtet ist, daß es sich durch Drehung gegen eine Endstellung aufgrund des Abzugs dieses Fluids aus dieser Kammer gegen die Frakturenzone verschiebt und
- Einrichtungen (10) zum Markieren dieser endgültigen Position dieses Orientierungselements, wobei die endgültige Position in Beziehung zur Orientierung der Fraktur steht.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses röhrenförmiges Element wenigstens eine längs wenigstens einer Erzeugenden angeordnete Strömungsöffnung umfaßt.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens zwei bewegliche Orientierungselemente (Fig. 1:13; Fig. 4:17), die einander diametral entgegengesetzt sind, umfaßt.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses bewegliche Orientierungselement wenigstens eine Austrittsöffnung (13) und wenigstens eine Einrichtung umfaßt, die einen Druckverlust (23) auf der Außenfläche dieses Orientierungselements und benachbart dieser Austrittsöffnung (13) erzeugt.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses röhrenförmige Element (2) aufweist: (Figuren 4 und 5) wenigstens eine auf einer Erzeugenden angeordnete Strömungsöffnung (6), wenigstens eine feste Palette (16), die parallel zu der Achse dieses Elementes angeordnet und unmittelbar benachbart dieser Strömungsöffnung sich befindet, wenigstens eine bewegliche Palette (17), die parallel zur Achse des röhrenförmigen Elementes (2) angeordnet ist, wobei diese bewegliche Palette von dieser festen Palette durch die Strömungsöffnung getrennt ist, diese bewegliche Palette (17) gelenkig um dieses Element (2) ist, indem es mit dieser festen Palette (16) eine Kammer (22) begrenzt und diese Kammer in Verbindung mit dieser Strömungsöffnung steht, daß diese bewegliche Palette (17) so eingerichtet ist, daß sie sich unter Rotation aus einer bestimmten Anfangsstellung durch ein Rückstellorgan (18) in diese Endstellung verschieben läßt, die dem Abzug dieses Fluids aus dieser Kammer gegen die Frakturenzone entspricht.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses röhrenförmige Element (2) wenigstens zwei Strömungsöffnungen (6) umfaßt, die im wesentlichen auf zwei einander im wesentlichen diametral gegenüberliegenden Erzeugenden angeordnet sind.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Markierungseinrichtungen eine Sonde (10) mit Meßeinrichtungen für den Winkel a einer Markierungserzeugenden, bezogen auf eine Referenz oder einen Azimut, umfassen, sowie Meßeinrichtungen für den Winkel i, den die Achse der Bohrlochs mit der Vertikalen oder der Neigung bildet und Einrichtungen zum Messen des Drehwinkels u, der gebildet wird durch die Vertikalebene, die durch die Sonde geht sowie die Ebene, die durch die Markierungserzeugende und die Achse der Sonde geht, wobei die Sonde im übrigen wenigstens ein Detektororgan (15) umfaßt, das mit komplementären (14) Detektororganen (Magneten) zusammenwirkt, die auf diesem beweglichen Orientierungselement (13) befestigt sind, wobei die Anordnung dieser Organe so eingerichtet ist, daß die Position dieses beweglichen Orientierungselements, bezogen auf diese feste Sonde, bestimmt wird.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer ringförmig und um dieses röhrenförmige Element (2) ausgebildet ist, wobei dieses röhrenförmige Element wenigstens eine Radialöffnung aufweist und an ihrem unteren Ende verschlossen ist.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das röhrenförmige Element (2) durch diese Markierungseinrichtungen (10) verschlossen ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (2) zylindrisch ist und Detektororgane (14), komplementär zu wenigstens einem auf dem röhrenförmigen Element (2) angeordneten Näherungsdetektororgan (15), umfaßt, wobei dieses Näherungsdetektororgan (15) mit einem elektrischen Kabel (9) über einen elektrischen Bodenverbinder (28a, 28b) verbunden ist.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens ein Dichtungselement (13a) um dieses röhrenförmige Element (2) herum aufweist.
12. Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Orientierung von Frakturen oder Abläufen in einer geologischen Formation, die eine im wesentlichen vertikale oder schräge Frakturenzone, ausgehend von einem Bohrloch, aufweist, wobei ein hydraulisches Fluid unter Druck in ein röhrenförmiges Element mit wenigstens einer Strömungsöffnung eingeführt wird und Fluid in einem beweglichen Orientierungselement in Zirkulation versetzt wird, welches im wesentlichen auf der gleichen Tiefe wie die Frakturenzone sich befindet, wobei man das Fluid über wenigstens eine Austrittsöffnung längs einer gegen die Achse des Bohrlochs geneigten Richtung entweichen läßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Orientierungselement drehbar ausgebildet ist und daß das über die Offnung(en) entweichende Fluid unter Drehung dieses Orientierungselement bis in eine Endposition bezogen auf die Orientierung der Fraktur sich verschieben läßt und daß man diese Position mit Bezug auf die Orientierung der Fraktur markiert.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Fluid bei einem Durchsatz zwischen 0,1 bis etlichen zehn m3 pro Minute zirkulieren bzw. strömen läßt.
EP86402913A 1985-12-30 1986-12-23 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Orientierung von Spalten in einer geologischen Formation Expired EP0231708B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8519464 1985-12-30
FR8519464A FR2592426B1 (fr) 1985-12-30 1985-12-30 Dispositif et procede pour determiner l'orientation de fractures dans une formation geologique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0231708A1 EP0231708A1 (de) 1987-08-12
EP0231708B1 true EP0231708B1 (de) 1989-04-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86402913A Expired EP0231708B1 (de) 1985-12-30 1986-12-23 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Orientierung von Spalten in einer geologischen Formation

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4803874A (de)
EP (1) EP0231708B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1276452C (de)
DE (1) DE3663055D1 (de)
DK (1) DK627686A (de)
FR (1) FR2592426B1 (de)
NO (1) NO165217C (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4942923A (en) * 1989-05-04 1990-07-24 Geeting Marvin D Apparatus for isolating a testing zone in a bore hole screen casing
US5121363A (en) * 1990-12-26 1992-06-09 Conoco Inc. Fracture detection logging tool
US5467533A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-11-21 Avionic Displays Corporation Night vision inclinometer
US5922975A (en) * 1997-12-15 1999-07-13 Butler; Gilbert S. Multi-screen groundwater monitoring well system
FI120324B (fi) * 2006-09-12 2009-09-15 Posiva Oy Virtausmittari
WO2008031914A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Posiva Oy Measuring head and measuring method

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2923358A (en) * 1957-06-03 1960-02-02 Jersey Prod Res Co Formation fracture detector
US3181608A (en) * 1961-08-11 1965-05-04 Shell Oil Co Method for determining permeability alignment in a formation
US3288210A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-11-29 Exxon Production Research Co Orienting method for use in wells
US4043192A (en) * 1976-06-08 1977-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Apparatus for providing directional permeability measurements in subterranean earth formations
US4178506A (en) * 1977-09-06 1979-12-11 Dresser Industries, Inc. Method for detecting fractures in formations surrounding earth boreholes
US4109717A (en) * 1977-11-03 1978-08-29 Exxon Production Research Company Method of determining the orientation of hydraulic fractures in the earth
US4446433A (en) * 1981-06-11 1984-05-01 Shuck Lowell Z Apparatus and method for determining directional characteristics of fracture systems in subterranean earth formations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO865280L (no) 1987-07-01
NO165217B (no) 1990-10-01
EP0231708A1 (de) 1987-08-12
DE3663055D1 (en) 1989-06-01
NO865280D0 (no) 1986-12-23
FR2592426A1 (fr) 1987-07-03
FR2592426B1 (fr) 1988-04-08
NO165217C (no) 1991-01-09
DK627686D0 (da) 1986-12-23
CA1276452C (fr) 1990-11-20
US4803874A (en) 1989-02-14
DK627686A (da) 1987-07-01

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