EP0231377B1 - Vibrating pipe wrench - Google Patents

Vibrating pipe wrench Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0231377B1
EP0231377B1 EP85905945A EP85905945A EP0231377B1 EP 0231377 B1 EP0231377 B1 EP 0231377B1 EP 85905945 A EP85905945 A EP 85905945A EP 85905945 A EP85905945 A EP 85905945A EP 0231377 B1 EP0231377 B1 EP 0231377B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibrator
pipe
handle
generator
stop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85905945A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0231377A1 (en
EP0231377A4 (en
Inventor
Georgy Timofeevich Levchenko
Alexandr Nikolaevich Radzikovsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kievsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni
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Kievsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni
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Publication date
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Priority to AT85905945T priority Critical patent/ATE51789T1/en
Publication of EP0231377A1 publication Critical patent/EP0231377A1/en
Publication of EP0231377A4 publication Critical patent/EP0231377A4/en
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Publication of EP0231377B1 publication Critical patent/EP0231377B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
    • B25B13/50—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes
    • B25B13/5008—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects
    • B25B13/5016—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/10—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws
    • B25B13/12—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws the jaws being slidable
    • B25B13/16—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws the jaws being slidable by screw or nut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/02—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mechanical engineering and relates in particular to a vibrating pipe wrench.
  • vibration pipe wrench see e.g. SU copyright certificate 647103, IPK B25B 13/50, priority of 02/14/77, published on 02/15/79 in the bulletin "Discoveries, Inventions, Designs, Trademarks" No. 6, p. 39) known, which contains a hollow handle with a vibrator and a cap.
  • the vibrator is arranged in the cavity of the handle and has a stop, which represents an attachment made of wear-resistant material for contacting a pipe to be screwed tight.
  • the vibrator is made of piezoelectric and electrically connected to a generator for generating elastic vibrations in it, which are transmitted to the tube in the form of impacts directed at an acute angle to the tube surface.
  • the vibrator is mounted on supports made of weakly elastic material, for example rubber, which prevent the vibrations of the vibrator from penetrating into the handle.
  • the cap is articulated on the handle and provided with two rollers to hold the tube in place, which also serve as stops.
  • the known vibrating pipe wrench has a low reliability due to a possible breakage of the vibrator made of brittle piezoceramic when the operator exceeds the permissible contact pressure.
  • the torque developed under the action of the vibrator is often not sufficient to finally tighten a threaded connection, because the torque is proportional to the vibration amplitude of the vibrator, which is compromised by the low mechanical breaking strength of the material from which it is made.
  • the vibration amplitude of the vibrator and thus also the mechanical AC voltages in this idle mode of the vibrating pipe wrench if the stop of the vibrator does not touch the pipe to be screwed down and does not transmit any energy to it, will be much higher than if the stop of the vibrator during load operation contacted with the pipe and the acoustic energy is partially transferred to the pipe.
  • the mechanical alternating voltages and therefore also the torque during load operation i.e. when turning the pipe, are much lower than the maximum achievable for the construction in question.
  • the vibrator is overheated in the case of considerable vibration amplitudes due to electrical and mechanical losses therein, which places additional limits on the torque generated by the known vibration tube wrench.
  • the resonance frequency of the vibrator changes during operation depending on the degree of wear of its stop and the changing contact pressure of the latter against the pipe, which necessitates constant adjustment of the generator frequency, which complicates the operation of the known vibrating pipe wrench.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a vibrating pipe wrench, the design ensures an increase in its reliability with a considerable size of the torque to be transmitted to the pipe, and to simplify its operation.
  • the vibrator is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable and an additional stop is carried out on the handle, the vibrator goes off when the contact pressure increases, which enables the additional stop to hold the pipe and thereby transmit considerable torque to it, which is caused by the operator is generated when the threaded connection is finally tightened.
  • the vibrator is completely in the cavity of the handle, which protects it from possible destruction and consequently increases the reliability of the vibration tube wrench.
  • the presence of the feedback circuit electrically connecting the vibrator to the AC voltage generator makes it possible to automatically regulate the frequency of the AC voltage generator during operation by keeping it equal to the resonance frequency of the vibrator, which ensures a maximum vibration amplitude of the vibrator and thus also a maximum torque as well as Handling of the vibration pipe wrench simplified.
  • the maximum contact pressure of the vibrator against the pipe to be screwed remains below the permissible value, regardless of the force applied by the operator.
  • the alternating voltage generator arranged in series contains a current regulator, a control generator, a modulator and a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the vibrator, and that the feedback circuit is electrically connected to the input of the current regulator and to the input of the control generator.
  • the presence of the feedback circuit electrically connecting the vibrator to the alternating voltage generator makes it possible to use the current regulator, which allows mechanical alternating voltages to be generated in the vibrator which are the same for any operating mode of the vibrating tube wrench and come close to the maximum permissible values.
  • the loaded vibrating pipe wrench i.e. When turning the pipe, develop the greatest possible torque for the construction in question.
  • the average power for the pulse sequence period will not be high and will not cause considerable heating of the vibrator.
  • the vibrating pipe wrench designed in accordance with the present invention thus has a fairly high degree of reliability with a considerable value of the torque to be transmitted to the pipe.
  • the construction of the vibrating pipe wrench according to the invention simplifies its operation, significantly increases the work output and the quality of the assembly work.
  • the vibration pipe wrench according to the invention contains a hollow cylindrical handle 1 (Fig. 1) with a coupling bracket 2, which has a threaded part 3 which passes through a (not indicated) bore of a sprue 4, which at the end of the handle facing the coupling bracket 2 1 is formed.
  • a sprue 5 with a seat (not shown) is present on the handle 1, in which the threaded part 3 of the coupling bracket 2 lies.
  • a nut 6 of known construction is arranged, which is screwed onto the threaded part 3 and is provided for adjusting the position of the coupling bracket 2 with respect to the handle 1.
  • the (not shown) bending angle of the coupling bracket 2 is approximately 60 °, in other cases it can deviate from this.
  • the coupling bracket 2 has coverings 8 which are made of a material with a low heat factor and are embedded in the body of the coupling bracket 2.
  • 8 rollers can be used instead of the linings, which are attached to the inner surface of the bracket 2 and are intended for holding the pipe 7.
  • a vibrator 9 is housed, which is connected to an AC voltage generator 10 and is provided for generating sound vibrations and for transmitting them to the tube 7.
  • the vibrator 9 is formed by a set of rings 11 made of piezoelectric material and made of current-conducting material and arranged between them disks 12.
  • the piezoelectric rings 11 and the current-conducting disks 12 are placed on a bolt 13 which lies in the axis 14 of the vibrator 9.
  • the axis 14 cuts the surface of the tube 7 at an angle of approximately 45 ° (not shown), in other cases this angle can be different.
  • a nut 15 of known construction is screwed onto the threaded end of the bolt (not designated) and a metal washer 16 is applied.
  • the bolt 13 has a head 17, between which and the set 11 of the rings 11 a disk 18 made of dielectric is arranged.
  • the bolt 13 and the nut 15 are provided for compressing the set 11 of the piezoelectric rings 11a, 11b, 11c during assembly.
  • a rod 19 is rigidly attached, which lies in the axis 14 and occurs as a concentrator of the acoustic vibrations to be transmitted from the vibrator 9 to the tube 7.
  • the rod 19 can have a cross-sectional area that is variable in length.
  • a stop 20 in the form of a plate which is made of wear-resistant material and is arranged at an angle (not shown) of approximately 45 ° to the axis 14 of the vibrator 9 and tangential to the surface of the tube 7 .
  • the stop 20 is provided for interaction with the tube 7 together with the coupling bracket 2.
  • the vibrator 9 is arranged with the possibility of a longitudinal displacement along the axis 14, which is caused by a coil spring 21.
  • the spring 21 is located in the cavity of the handle 1 at its end opposite the sprues 4, 5. With one end the spring 21 presses against the bottom 1a of the handle 1 and with the other against a liner 22 which is arranged within the cavity of the handle 1 and on the inner side wall thereof is present.
  • the (not shown) bottom of the liner 22 is attached to the head 17 of the bolt 13 by means of screws 23.
  • a bore (not designated) through which the rod 19 passes, while the rest of the vibrator 9 is inside the Liner 22 is located.
  • the handle 1 has an additional stop 24, which is provided for cooperation with the tube 7 at the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 which is lifted from the latter.
  • the additional stop 24 represents a ring gear, which is carried out on a section of the end of the handle 1, which faces the tube 7 and is stretched tangentially to the surface of the tube 7.
  • the plurality of identical (not designated) teeth of the additional stop 24 are inclined in the direction of rotation of the tube 7, which is indicated by an arrow A.
  • a screw 25 is attached, which serves as a catch, which extends the liner 22 with the vibrator 9 from the cavity of the handle 1 under the action the spring 21 prevented when the tube 7 is open
  • the handle may have a sheath (not shown) made of rubber that bears against the outer surface of the handle in the zone of operator contact.
  • the AC voltage generator 10 contains, connected in series, a current regulator 27, a control generator 28, a modulator 29 and a power amplifier 30, the output (not designated) of which is connected to the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c of the vibrator 9.
  • the feedback circuit 26 is electrically connected to the (not shown) input of the current regulator 27 and to one of the (not shown) inputs of the control generator 28.
  • the total length of the vibrator 9 is equal to the wavelength ⁇ (in m) of the acoustic vibrations in it. In other embodiments of the vibration tube wrench, the total length of the vibrator 9 is divisible by half a wavelength ⁇ . The length of the rod 19 is equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the wavelength 11 is calculated according to known formulas as a function of the different propagation speeds of the acoustic oscillations in different media and of the oscillation frequency.
  • the direction of the provisional polarization of the piezoelectric rings 11b coincides with the direction of the electric field arising in this in one of the half-periods of the AC voltages coming from the AC voltage generator 10, while that of the rings 11c is opposite to this direction.
  • the distance of the current-conducting disk 12a lying between the piezoelectric rings 11b and 11c to each of the ends of the vibrator 9 is equal to half a wavelength ⁇ .
  • the vibration pipe wrench designed according to the invention works as follows.
  • the vibrating pipe wrench is placed on the pipe 7 with the coupling lever 2, the position of the bracket 2 is regulated by means of the nut 6 in such a way that the pipe 7 comes into contact with the bracket 2 and the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 at the same time, whereupon the stop 20 is pressed against the surface of the tube 7 by turning the handle 1 in such a way that the liner 22 with the vibrator 9 is displaced with respect to the initial position determined by the screw 25 with partial compression of the spring 21.
  • the electrical alternating voltage supplied by the generator 10 to the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c excites in them acoustic vibrations of the compression or expansion along the axis 14, which are transmitted to the vibrator 9.
  • the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 displaces 7 impacts on the surface of the tube, which are directed at an angle thereto and force the tube to rotate in the direction of arrow A.
  • the vibrating pipe wrench remains immobile.
  • the torque is increased by increasing the force applied to the handle 1.
  • the liner 22 moves with the vibrator 9 under the action of the tube 7 along the axis 14 in the direction of the bottom 1a of the handle 1, whereby the spring 21 is compressed.
  • the tube 7 interacts with the additional stop 24, after which, by rotating the vibration tube wrench together with the tube 7, it is tightened by a small angle with an increased torque.
  • the vibrator 9 is attached to the bottom of the liner 22 at a distance of a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ to the end of the rod 19, because the amount of displacement of the vibrator 9 when vibrating at this distance is zero, which means the loss of acoustic energy prevents the bottom of the liner 22.
  • the length of the vibrator 9 is equal to the wavelength A of the acoustic vibrations
  • one of its halves (not designated) is alternately extended along the axis 14 while the other is compressed along the same axis.
  • the piezoelectric rings 11b and 11c which are located in different halves of the vibrator 9, are therefore arranged with a direction of the preliminary polarization opposite to the applied electric field, which causes the generation of mechanical forces in them under the effect of the applied electric changes Sel voltage allows that are in sync with the waves of compression and expansion in each part of the vibrator 9.
  • the acoustic waves cause an alternating electrical voltage to be generated on the piezoelectric ring 11 serving as a feedback sensor, which is proportional to the mechanical alternating voltage in the vibrator 9.
  • This electrical alternating voltage is applied to the input of the feedback circuit 26, which represents a limiting amplifier that triggers the control generator 28 at the oscillation frequency of the vibrator 9.
  • the frequency of the AC voltage generator 10 is automatically tuned to the resonance frequency of the mechanical vibrations of the vibrator 9.
  • the continuous rectangular AC voltage formed by the control generator 28 reaches the input (not designated) of the modulator 29, which modulates a continuous series of short-term pulses Generates vibrations.
  • T 1 means the pulse duration
  • T 2 the clock period
  • the voltage is fed into the power amplifier 30, the output stages of which operate in switch mode, which almost completely eliminates the heat losses therein.
  • the output stages of the power amplifier 30 are provided with an LC filter which separates the fundamental harmonic from the rectangular AC voltage, which passes into the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c of the vibrator 9.
  • the oscillation period T1 (s) (FIG. 2) during the pulse time is equal to the period of vibrations generated by the control generator 28, the period of which coincides with that of the resonant vibrations of the vibrator 9.
  • the electrical alternating voltage proportional to the mechanical alternating voltages in the vibrator 9 passes from the feedback circuit 26 to the input of the current regulator 27, which generates a voltage which controls the control generator 28 by changing the duration T2 of one of the half-periods of the voltage generated by it.
  • the period T1 remains unchanged. Then, with a constant amplitude of the AC voltage formed by the control generator 28, the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic of this voltage changes.
  • the current regulator 27 is switched in such a way that, for example, when the voltage generated on the piezoelectric ring 11a increases, it reduces the amplitude of the fundamental harmonics of the AC voltage at the output of the control generator 28 and thus also at the output of the AC voltage generator 10.
  • the current regulator 27 ensures the greatest possible torque in this construction in any operating mode of the vibration tube wrench.
  • the modulator 27 forms pulses of short duration T 1 with a large clock period T 2 , it allows the vibration amplitude of the vibrator 9 to increase significantly when a pulse is applied to it without the risk of overheating, which in turn increases the torque developed by the vibration tube wrench.
  • test samples of the vibration tube wrench produced according to the invention successfully passed the tests, the results of which showed reliable work in a wide operating range.
  • the use of the vibrating pipe wrench according to the invention makes it possible to effectively utilize the space within an assembly where the pipes are assembled, because it is possible to thread the pipes by attaching the vibrating pipe wrench to them once, which is also productive and labor-efficient the quality of the assembly work improved.
  • the present invention can be used most successfully for the assembly and disassembly of the threaded connections in front of pipes.
  • the vibrating pipe wrench designed according to the invention can also be used for assembly work in shipbuilding and aircraft construction, in power engineering, in particular nuclear power engineering, and in other branches of industry and in assembly in space.
  • the application of the present invention is particularly advantageous under the conditions of a limited space.
  • vibration pipe wrench will be used in robotic assembly systems.
  • the vibrating pipe wrench can also be used for the assembly of not only pipe screw connections, but also of any other threaded connection, for which purpose, if necessary, this can be provided with a set of interchangeable attachments for holding various parts to be screwed on.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

A vibrating pipe wrench comprises a hollow handle (1) with a wrap-round clamp (2) and with a vibrator (9) which is connected to an alternating-current generator (10) and is provided with a stop (20) interacting, together with the wrap-round clamp (2), with the pipe (7). The vibrator (9) is mounted so that it can move longitudinally, whereas the handle (1) is provided with an additional stop (24) contacting with the pipe (7) when the stop (20) of the vibrator (9) is removed from the pipe (7). There is a feed back circuit (26) electrically connecting the vibrator (9) to the generator (10).

Description

Gebiet der TechnikTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf den Maschinenbau un betrifft insbesondere einen Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel.The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and relates in particular to a vibrating pipe wrench.

Zugrundeliegender Stand der TechnikUnderlying state of the art

Es ist ein Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel (siehe z.B. SU-Urheberschein 647103, IPK B25B 13/50, Priorität vom 14.02.77, veröffentlicht am 15.02.79 im Bulletin "Entdeckungen, Erfindungen, Geschmacksmuster, Warenzeichen" Nr. 6, S. 39) bekannt, der einen hohlen Handgriff mit einem Vibrator und einem Überwurfbügel enthält. Der Vibrator ist im Hohlraum des Handgriffes angeordnet und weist einen Anschlag auf, der einen zur Kontaktierung mit einem festzuschraubenden Rohr vorgesehenen Aufsazt aus verschleißfestem Werkstoff darstellt.It is a vibration pipe wrench (see e.g. SU copyright certificate 647103, IPK B25B 13/50, priority of 02/14/77, published on 02/15/79 in the bulletin "Discoveries, Inventions, Designs, Trademarks" No. 6, p. 39) known, which contains a hollow handle with a vibrator and a cap. The vibrator is arranged in the cavity of the handle and has a stop, which represents an attachment made of wear-resistant material for contacting a pipe to be screwed tight.

Der Vibrator ist aus Piezoelektrikum hergestellt und an einen Generator zur Erzeugung von elastischen Schwingungen in ihm elektrisch angeschlossen, die auf das Rohr in Form von zur Rohrfläche unter einem spitzen Winkel gerichteten Stößen übertragen werden. Der Vibrator ist auf Stützen aus schwachelastischem Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus Gummi, gelagert, die ein Durchdringen der Schwingungen des Vibrators in den Handgriff verhindern.The vibrator is made of piezoelectric and electrically connected to a generator for generating elastic vibrations in it, which are transmitted to the tube in the form of impacts directed at an acute angle to the tube surface. The vibrator is mounted on supports made of weakly elastic material, for example rubber, which prevent the vibrations of the vibrator from penetrating into the handle.

Der Überwurfbügel ist am Handgriff angelenkt und mit zwei Rollen zum Festhalten des Rohres versehen, die auch als Anschläge dienen.The cap is articulated on the handle and provided with two rollers to hold the tube in place, which also serve as stops.

Der bekannte Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel weist eine geringe Zuverlässigkeit wegen eines eventuellen Bruchs des aus spröder Piezokeramik hergestellten Vibrators auf, wenn die Bedienungsperson den zulässigen Anpreßdruck überschreitet.The known vibrating pipe wrench has a low reliability due to a possible breakage of the vibrator made of brittle piezoceramic when the operator exceeds the permissible contact pressure.

Außerdem reicht das unter der Wirkung des Vibrators entwickelte Drehmoment des öfteren nicht aus, um eine Gewindeverbindung endgültig festzuziehen, weil das Drehmoment zur Schwingungsamplitude des Vibrators proportional ist, die durch eine niedrige mechanische Bruchfestigkeit des Werkstoffes besohränkt ist, aus dem er besteht.In addition, the torque developed under the action of the vibrator is often not sufficient to finally tighten a threaded connection, because the torque is proportional to the vibration amplitude of the vibrator, which is compromised by the low mechanical breaking strength of the material from which it is made.

Hierbei werden die Schwingungsamplitude des Vibrators und also auch die mechanischen Wechselspannungen in diesem im Leerlaufbetrieb des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels, wenn der Anschlag des Vibrators das festzuschraubende Rohr nicht berührt und keine Energie an dieses überträgt, viel höher sein, als wenn der Anschlag des Vibrators im Lastbetrieb mit dem Rohr kontaktiert und die akustische Energie zum Teil auf das Rohr übertragen wird. Da aber die im Leerlaufbetrieb des Vibrators maximal erreichbaren mechanischen Spannungen die zulässigen Spannungen des Werkstoffes, aus dem er hergestellt ist, nicht überschreiten dürfen, so werden die mechanischen Wechselspannungen und also auch das Drehmoment im Lastbetrieb, d.h. beim Drehen des Rohres, viel niedriger als die für die betreffende Konstruktion maximal erreichbaren liegen.Here, the vibration amplitude of the vibrator and thus also the mechanical AC voltages in this idle mode of the vibrating pipe wrench, if the stop of the vibrator does not touch the pipe to be screwed down and does not transmit any energy to it, will be much higher than if the stop of the vibrator during load operation contacted with the pipe and the acoustic energy is partially transferred to the pipe. However, since the maximum mechanical stresses that can be achieved when the vibrator is idling must not exceed the permissible stresses of the material from which it is made, the mechanical alternating voltages and therefore also the torque during load operation, i.e. when turning the pipe, are much lower than the maximum achievable for the construction in question.

Darüber hinaus wird der Vibrator bei beträchtlichen Schwingungsamplituden aufgrund elektrischer und mechanischer Verluste in diesem überhitzt, was dem durch den bekannten Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel erzeugten Drehmoment zusätzliche Grenzen setzt.In addition, the vibrator is overheated in the case of considerable vibration amplitudes due to electrical and mechanical losses therein, which places additional limits on the torque generated by the known vibration tube wrench.

Außerdem ändert sich die Resonanzfrequenz des Vibrators beim Betrieb in Abhängigkeit vom Verschleißgrad seines Anschlages und von dem sich ändernden Anspreßdruck des letzteren gegen das Rohr, was eine ständige nachstimmung der Generatorfrequenz notwendig macht, die den Betrieb des bekannten Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels erschwert.In addition, the resonance frequency of the vibrator changes during operation depending on the degree of wear of its stop and the changing contact pressure of the latter against the pipe, which necessitates constant adjustment of the generator frequency, which complicates the operation of the known vibrating pipe wrench.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel zu schaffen, dessen Konstrucktion eine Erhöhung seiner Zuverlässigkeit bei erheblicher Größe des an das Rohr zu übertragenden Drehmoments sichert, sowie dessen Betrieb zu vereinfachen.The invention has for its object to provide a vibrating pipe wrench, the design ensures an increase in its reliability with a considerable size of the torque to be transmitted to the pipe, and to simplify its operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Rohrschlüssel gemäß Hauptanspruch gelöst.This task is solved by the pipe wrench according to the main claim.

Dadurch, daß der Vibrator längsverschiebbar angeordnet und am Handgriff ein zusätzlicher Anschlag ausgeführt ist, geht der Vibrator bei einer Erhöhung des Anpreßdrucks vom Rohr ab, wodurch der zusätzliche Anschlag befähigt wird, das Rohr festzuhalten und hierbei an dieses ein beträchtliches Drehmoment zu übertragen, das durch die Bedienungskraft beim endgültigen Festziehen der Gewindeverbindung erzeugt wird. Hierbei befindet sich der Vibrator vollständig im Hohlraum des Handgriffs, was diesen vor einer eventuellen Zerstörung schützt und folglich die Zuverlässigkeit des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels erhöht.Characterized in that the vibrator is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable and an additional stop is carried out on the handle, the vibrator goes off when the contact pressure increases, which enables the additional stop to hold the pipe and thereby transmit considerable torque to it, which is caused by the operator is generated when the threaded connection is finally tightened. Here, the vibrator is completely in the cavity of the handle, which protects it from possible destruction and consequently increases the reliability of the vibration tube wrench.

Das Vorhandensein des den Vibrator mit dem Wechselspannungsgenerator elektrisch verbindenden Rückkopplungskreises gestattet es, die Frequenz des Wechselspannungsgenerators während des Betriebs automatisch zu regeln, indem diese gleich der Resonanzfrequenz des Vibrators gehalten wird, was eine maximale Schwingungsamplitude des Vibrators und also auch ein maximales Drehmoment sicherstellt sowie den Umgang mit dem Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel vereinfacht.The presence of the feedback circuit electrically connecting the vibrator to the AC voltage generator makes it possible to automatically regulate the frequency of the AC voltage generator during operation by keeping it equal to the resonance frequency of the vibrator, which ensures a maximum vibration amplitude of the vibrator and thus also a maximum torque as well as Handling of the vibration pipe wrench simplified.

Empfehlenswert ist es, die Längsverschiebung des Vibrators mit Hilfe einer Feder zu bewerkstelligen.It is advisable to move the vibrator lengthways using a spring.

Dank der vorhandenen Feder bleibt der maximale Anpreßdruck des Anschlages des Vibrators gegen das festzuschraubende Rohr unter dem zulässigen Wert unabhängig von der Kraft, die von der Bedienungskraft angelegt wird.Thanks to the existing spring, the maximum contact pressure of the vibrator against the pipe to be screwed remains below the permissible value, regardless of the force applied by the operator.

Es ist zweckmäßig, daß der Wechselspannungsgenerator hintereinander angeordnet einen Stromregler, einen Steuergenerator, einen Modulator und einen Leistungsverstärker enthält, dessen Ausgang an den Vibrator angeschlossen ist, und daß der Rückkopplungskreis mit dem Eingang des Stromreglers und mit dem Eingang des Steuergenerators elektrisch verbunden ist.It is expedient that the alternating voltage generator arranged in series contains a current regulator, a control generator, a modulator and a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the vibrator, and that the feedback circuit is electrically connected to the input of the current regulator and to the input of the control generator.

Das Vorhandensein des den Vibrator mit dem Wechselspannungsgenerator elektrisch verbindenden Rückkopplungskreises gibt die Möglichkeit, den Stomregler zu benutzen, der es gestattet, im Vibrator mechanische Wechselspannungen zu erzeugen, die bei beliebigen Betriebsarten des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels gleich sind und den höchstzulässigen Werten nahekommen. Infolgedessen wird der belastete Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel, d.h. beim Drehen des Rohres, ein für die betreffende Konstruktion größtmögliches Drehmoment entwickeln.The presence of the feedback circuit electrically connecting the vibrator to the alternating voltage generator makes it possible to use the current regulator, which allows mechanical alternating voltages to be generated in the vibrator which are the same for any operating mode of the vibrating tube wrench and come close to the maximum permissible values. As a result, the loaded vibrating pipe wrench, i.e. When turning the pipe, develop the greatest possible torque for the construction in question.

Hierbei nehmen aber die elektrischen und akustischen Verluste im Vibrator zu, weshalb auch dessen Erwärmung vergrößert wird. Daher ist es erwünscht, daß gleichzeitig mit dem Stromregler auch ein Modulator eingesetzt wird, der aus einer kontinuierlichen Wechselspannung eine Reihe aufeindanderfolgender Impulse formiert.Here, however, the electrical and acoustic losses in the vibrator increase, which is why its heating is increased. It is therefore desirable that a modulator is used at the same time as the current regulator, which forms a series of successive pulses from a continuous alternating voltage.

Falls dabei die am Generator ankommenden Impulse eine erhebliche Leistung tragen, die es gestattet, ein großes Drehmoment zu entwickeln, wird die für die Impulsfolgeperiode mittlere Leistung nicht hoch sein und keine beträchtliche Erwärmung des Vibrators hervorrufen.If the pulses arriving at the generator carry a considerable amount of power that allows a large torque to be developed, the average power for the pulse sequence period will not be high and will not cause considerable heating of the vibrator.

Der gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgeführte Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel weist also eine recht hohe Zuverlässigkeit bei einem beträchtlichen Wert des an das Rohr zu übertragenden Drehmoments auf.The vibrating pipe wrench designed in accordance with the present invention thus has a fairly high degree of reliability with a considerable value of the torque to be transmitted to the pipe.

Außerdem vereinfacht die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels dessen Betrieb, erhöht die Arbeitsleistung und die Qualität der Montagearbeiten in bedeutendem Maße.In addition, the construction of the vibrating pipe wrench according to the invention simplifies its operation, significantly increases the work output and the quality of the assembly work.

Nachstehend wird die Beschreibung eines konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf beigefügte Zeichnungen aufgeführt.The following is a description of a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Kurze Bechreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

  • Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen erfindungsgemäß ausgeführten Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel im Längsschnitt;Fig. 1 shows schematically a vibration pipe wrench designed according to the invention in longitudinal section;
  • Fig. 2 ein Zeitdiagramm der Spannung am Eingang des Leistungsverstärkers.Fig. 2 is a timing diagram of the voltage at the input of the power amplifier.
Beste Ausführungsform der ErfindungBest embodiment of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel enthält einen hohlen zylindrischen Handgriff 1 (Fig. 1) mit einem Überwurfbügel 2, der ein Gewindeteil 3 aufweist, das durch eine (nicht angedeutete) Bohrung eines Angusses 4 durchgeht, der an dem dem Überwurfbügel 2 zugekehrten Ende des Handgriffes 1 gebildet ist. In einem Anschlages Abstand vom Anguß 4 ist am Handgriff 1 ein Anguß 5 mit einem (nicht gezeigten) Sitz vorhanden, in dem das Gewindeteil 3 des Überwurfbügels 2 liegt.The vibration pipe wrench according to the invention contains a hollow cylindrical handle 1 (Fig. 1) with a coupling bracket 2, which has a threaded part 3 which passes through a (not indicated) bore of a sprue 4, which at the end of the handle facing the coupling bracket 2 1 is formed. At a stop distance from the sprue 4, a sprue 5 with a seat (not shown) is present on the handle 1, in which the threaded part 3 of the coupling bracket 2 lies.

Zwischen den Angüssen 4 und 5 ist eine Mutter 6 bekannter Konstruktion angeordnet, die auf das Gewindeteil 3 aufgeschraubt und zur Einstellung der Lage des Überwurfbügels 2 bezüglich des Handgriffs 1 vorgesehen ist. Der (nicht eingezeichnete) Biegewinkel des überwurfbügels 2 beträgt ca. 60°, in anderen Fällen kann er davon abweichen.Between the sprues 4 and 5, a nut 6 of known construction is arranged, which is screwed onto the threaded part 3 and is provided for adjusting the position of the coupling bracket 2 with respect to the handle 1. The (not shown) bending angle of the coupling bracket 2 is approximately 60 °, in other cases it can deviate from this.

An den Kontaktstellen mit einem zu umschließenden Rohr 7 weist der Überwurfbügel 2 Beläge 8 auf, die aus einem Werkstoff mit einem niedrigen heibfaktor bestehen und in den Körper des Überwurfbügels 2 eingelassen sind. In einer Weiterbildung des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels können anstelle der Beläge 8 Rollen verwendet werden, die auf der Innenfläche des Bügels 2 angebracht und zum Festhalten des Rohres 7 bestimmt sind.At the contact points with a pipe 7 to be enclosed, the coupling bracket 2 has coverings 8 which are made of a material with a low heat factor and are embedded in the body of the coupling bracket 2. In a further development of the vibrating pipe wrench, 8 rollers can be used instead of the linings, which are attached to the inner surface of the bracket 2 and are intended for holding the pipe 7.

Im Hohlraum des Handgriffs 1 ist ein Vibrator 9 untergebracht, der an einen Wechselspannungsgenerator 10 angeschlossen und zur Erzeugung von Schallschwingungen sowie zu deren Übertragung auf das Rohr 7 vorgesehen ist.In the cavity of the handle 1, a vibrator 9 is housed, which is connected to an AC voltage generator 10 and is provided for generating sound vibrations and for transmitting them to the tube 7.

Der Vibrator 9 ist durch einen Satz von aus Piezoelektrikum hergestellten Ringen 11 und aus stromleitendem Werkstoff ausgeführten und zwischen diesen angeordneten Scheiben 12 gebildet. Die piezoelektrischen Ringe 11 und die stromleitenden Scheiben 12 sind auf einen Bolzen 13 aufgesetzt, der im Vibrator 9 in dessen Achse 14 liegt.The vibrator 9 is formed by a set of rings 11 made of piezoelectric material and made of current-conducting material and arranged between them disks 12. The piezoelectric rings 11 and the current-conducting disks 12 are placed on a bolt 13 which lies in the axis 14 of the vibrator 9.

Die Achse 14 schneidet die Oberfläche des Rohres 7 in einem Winkel von ca. 45° (nicht gezeigt), in anderen Fällen kann dieser Winkel anders sein. Auf das (nicht bezeichnete) mit Gewinde versehene Ende des Bolzens sind eine Mutter 15 bekannter konstruktion aufgeschraubt und eine Metallscheibe 16 aufgebracht. Der Bolzen 13 weist einen Kopf 17 auf, zwischen dem und dem Satz 11 der Ringe 11 eine aus Dielektrikum ausgeführte Scheibe 18 angeordnet ist. Der Bolzen 13 und die Mutter 15 sind zum Zusammendrücken des Satzes 11 der piezoelektrischen Ringe 11a, 11b, 11c, bei der Montage vorgesehen. Am Kopf 17 des Bolzens 13 ist ein Stab 19 starr befestigt, der in der Achse 14 liegt und als Konzentrator der vom Vibrator 9 zum Rohr 7 zu übertragenden Schallschwingungen auftritt.The axis 14 cuts the surface of the tube 7 at an angle of approximately 45 ° (not shown), in other cases this angle can be different. A nut 15 of known construction is screwed onto the threaded end of the bolt (not designated) and a metal washer 16 is applied. The bolt 13 has a head 17, between which and the set 11 of the rings 11 a disk 18 made of dielectric is arranged. The bolt 13 and the nut 15 are provided for compressing the set 11 of the piezoelectric rings 11a, 11b, 11c during assembly. On the head 17 of the bolt 13, a rod 19 is rigidly attached, which lies in the axis 14 and occurs as a concentrator of the acoustic vibrations to be transmitted from the vibrator 9 to the tube 7.

In anderen Ausführungsformen des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels kann der Stab 19 eine nach der Länge veränderliche Querschnittsfläche aufweisen.In other embodiments of the vibration tube wrench, the rod 19 can have a cross-sectional area that is variable in length.

Am freien Ende des Stabes 19 ist ein Anschlag 20 in Form einer Platte ausgeführt, die aus verschleißfestem Werkstoff hergestellt und unter einem (nicht gezeigten) Winkel von ca. 45° zur Achse 14 des Vibrators 9 und tangential an die OberfTache des Rohres 7 angeordnet ist.At the free end of the rod 19 is a stop 20 in the form of a plate which is made of wear-resistant material and is arranged at an angle (not shown) of approximately 45 ° to the axis 14 of the vibrator 9 and tangential to the surface of the tube 7 .

Der Anschlag 20 ist zur Zusammenwirkung mit dem Rohr 7 gemeinsam mit dem Überwurfbügel 2 vorgesehen.The stop 20 is provided for interaction with the tube 7 together with the coupling bracket 2.

Der Vibrator 9 ist mit der Möglichkeit einer Längsverschiebung entlang der Achse 14 angeordnet, die durch eine Schraubenfeder 21 bewirkt wird. Die Feder 21 befindet sich im Hohlraum des Handgriffs 1 an dessen den Angüssen 4, 5 entgegengesetztem Ende. Mit dem einen Ende drückt die Feder 21 gegenden Boden 1a des Handgriffs 1 und mit dem anderen gegen eine Laufbüchse 22, die innerhalb des Holraumes des Handgriffs 1 angeordnet ist und an dessen innerer Seitenwand anliegt.The vibrator 9 is arranged with the possibility of a longitudinal displacement along the axis 14, which is caused by a coil spring 21. The spring 21 is located in the cavity of the handle 1 at its end opposite the sprues 4, 5. With one end the spring 21 presses against the bottom 1a of the handle 1 and with the other against a liner 22 which is arranged within the cavity of the handle 1 and on the inner side wall thereof is present.

Der (nicht bezichnete) Boden der Laufbüchse 22 ist am Kopf 17 des Bolzens 13 mittels Schrauben 23 befestigt Im Boden der Laufbüchse 22 ist eine Bohrung (nicht bezeichnet) aufgeführt, durch welche der Stab 19 hindurchgeht, während der übrige Teil des Vibrators 9 innerhalb der Laufbüchse 22 liegt.The (not shown) bottom of the liner 22 is attached to the head 17 of the bolt 13 by means of screws 23. In the bottom of the liner 22 there is a bore (not designated) through which the rod 19 passes, while the rest of the vibrator 9 is inside the Liner 22 is located.

Der Handgriff 1 weist einen zusätzlichen Anschlag 24 auf, der zur Zusammenwirkung mit dem Rohr 7 bei dem von diesem abgehobenen Anschlag 20 des Vibrators 9 vorgesehen ist.The handle 1 has an additional stop 24, which is provided for cooperation with the tube 7 at the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 which is lifted from the latter.

Der zusätzliche Anschlag 24 stellt einen Zahnkranz dar, der auf einem Abschnitt des Endes des Handgriffs 1 ausgeführt ist, der dem Rohr 7 zugewandt und tangential an die Oberfläche des Rohres 7 gestreckt ist. Die Vielzahl gleicher (nicht bezeichneter) Zähne des zusätzlichen Anschlages 24 sind in Drehrichtung des Rohres 7 geneigt, die durch einen Pfeil A angedeutet ist.The additional stop 24 represents a ring gear, which is carried out on a section of the end of the handle 1, which faces the tube 7 and is stretched tangentially to the surface of the tube 7. The plurality of identical (not designated) teeth of the additional stop 24 are inclined in the direction of rotation of the tube 7, which is indicated by an arrow A.

An der Seitendwand des Handgriffs 1 ist in der Nähe des Endes, wo der zusätzliche Anschlag 24 ausgeführt ist, eine Schraube 25 angebracht, die als Raste dient, die ein Ausfahren der Laufbüchse 22 mit dem Vibrator 9 aus dem Hohlraum des Handgriffs 1 unter der Wirkung der Feder 21 bei fenlendem Rohr 7 verhindert.On the side end wall of the handle 1 near the end where the additional stop 24 is carried out, a screw 25 is attached, which serves as a catch, which extends the liner 22 with the vibrator 9 from the cavity of the handle 1 under the action the spring 21 prevented when the tube 7 is open

Der Handgriff kann einen Mantel (nicht gezeigt) aufweisen, der aus Gummi hergestellt ist und an der Außenfläche des Handgriffs in der Zone des Kontaktes mit der Hand der Bedienungskraft anliegt.The handle may have a sheath (not shown) made of rubber that bears against the outer surface of the handle in the zone of operator contact.

Es gibt einen Rückkopplungskreis 26, der den Vibrator 9, nämliche den piezoelektrischen Ring 11a, mit dem Wechselspannungsgenerator 10 elektrisch verbindet.There is a feedback circuit 26 which electrically connects the vibrator 9, namely the piezoelectric ring 11a, to the AC voltage generator 10.

Hierbei enthält der Wechselspannungsgenerator 10 hintereinander geschaltet einen Stromregler 27, einen Steuergenerator 28, einen Modulator 29 und einen Leistungsverstärker 30, dessen Ausgang (nicht bezeichnet) an die piezoelektrischen Ringe 11b, 11c des Vibrators 9 angeschlossen ist. Der Rückkopplungskreis 26 ist dabei mit dem (nicht bezeichneten) Eingang des Stromreglers 27 und mit einem der (nicht bezeichneten) Eingänge des Steuergenerators 28 elektrisch verbunden.Here, the AC voltage generator 10 contains, connected in series, a current regulator 27, a control generator 28, a modulator 29 and a power amplifier 30, the output (not designated) of which is connected to the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c of the vibrator 9. The feedback circuit 26 is electrically connected to the (not shown) input of the current regulator 27 and to one of the (not shown) inputs of the control generator 28.

Die Gesamtlänge des Vibrators 9 ist gleich der Wellenlänge Ä (in m) der akustischen Schwingungen in diesem. In anderen Ausführungsformen des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels ist die Gesamtlänge des Vibrators 9 teilbar durch eine halbe Wellenlänge Ä. Die Länge des Stabes 19 gleich einem Viertel der Wellenlänge λ Die Wellenlänge 11. wird nach bekannten Formeln in Abhängigkeit von der in verschiedenen Medien unterschiedlichen Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der akustischen Schwingungen und von der Schwingungsfrequenz berechnet.The total length of the vibrator 9 is equal to the wavelength λ (in m) of the acoustic vibrations in it. In other embodiments of the vibration tube wrench, the total length of the vibrator 9 is divisible by half a wavelength λ. The length of the rod 19 is equal to a quarter of the wavelength λ. The wavelength 11 is calculated according to known formulas as a function of the different propagation speeds of the acoustic oscillations in different media and of the oscillation frequency.

Die (durch Pfeile ohne Bezeichnungen angegebene) Richtung der vorläufigen Polarisation der piezoelektrischen Ringe 11 b fällt in einer der Halbperioden der vom Wechselspannungsgenerator 10 kommenden Wechselspannugn mit der Richtung des in diesen entstehenden elektrischen Feldes zusammen, während die der Ringe 11c dieser Richtung entgegengesetzt ist. Der Abstand der zwischen den piezoelektrischen Ringen 11b und 11c liegenden stromleitenden Scheibe 12a zu jedem der Enden des Vibrators 9 ist gleich einer halben Wellenlänge λ.The direction of the provisional polarization of the piezoelectric rings 11b (indicated by arrows without designations) coincides with the direction of the electric field arising in this in one of the half-periods of the AC voltages coming from the AC voltage generator 10, while that of the rings 11c is opposite to this direction. The distance of the current-conducting disk 12a lying between the piezoelectric rings 11b and 11c to each of the ends of the vibrator 9 is equal to half a wavelength λ.

Der erfindungsgemäß ausgeführte Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel arbeitet wie folgt.The vibration pipe wrench designed according to the invention works as follows.

Der Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel wird mit dem Überwurfügel 2 auf das Rohr 7 aufgesetzt, die Lage des Bügels 2 wird mittels der Mutter 6 in der Weise geregelt, daß das Rohr 7 gleichzeitig in Kontakt mit den Bügel 2 und dem Anschlag 20 des Vibrators 9 kommt, worauf der Anschlag 20 durch Drehen des Handgriffs 1 an die Oberfläche des Rohres 7 derart angedrückt wird, daß sich die Laufbüchse 22 mit dem Vibrator 9 bezüglich der durch die Schraube 25 bestimmten Anfangslage unter teilweiser Zusammendrückung der Feder 21 verschiebt.The vibrating pipe wrench is placed on the pipe 7 with the coupling lever 2, the position of the bracket 2 is regulated by means of the nut 6 in such a way that the pipe 7 comes into contact with the bracket 2 and the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 at the same time, whereupon the stop 20 is pressed against the surface of the tube 7 by turning the handle 1 in such a way that the liner 22 with the vibrator 9 is displaced with respect to the initial position determined by the screw 25 with partial compression of the spring 21.

Die vom Generator 10 auf die piezoelektrischen Ringe 11b, 11c gelieferte elektrische Wechselspannung erregt in ihnen akustische Schwingungen der Zusammendrückung bzw. Ausdehnung längs der Achse 14, die an den Vibrator 9 vermittelt werden.The electrical alternating voltage supplied by the generator 10 to the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c excites in them acoustic vibrations of the compression or expansion along the axis 14, which are transmitted to the vibrator 9.

Hierbei versetzt der Anschlag 20 des Vibrators 9 auf die Oberfläche des Rohres 7 Stöße, die unter einem Winkel zu diesem gerichtet sind und das Rohr zwingen, sich in Pfeilrichtung A zu drehen. Der Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel bleibt dabei unbeweglich.Here, the stop 20 of the vibrator 9 displaces 7 impacts on the surface of the tube, which are directed at an angle thereto and force the tube to rotate in the direction of arrow A. The vibrating pipe wrench remains immobile.

Nach dem Festschrauben des Rohres 7 wird das Drehmoment durch Vergrößerung der an den Handgriff 1 angelegten Kraft erhöht. Hierbei bewegt sich die Laufbüchse 22 mit dem Vibrator 9 unter der Einwirkung des Rohres 7 längs der Achse 14 in Richtung des Bodens 1a des Handgriffs 1, wodurch die Feder 21 zusammengedrückt wird.After screwing the pipe 7 tight, the torque is increased by increasing the force applied to the handle 1. Here, the liner 22 moves with the vibrator 9 under the action of the tube 7 along the axis 14 in the direction of the bottom 1a of the handle 1, whereby the spring 21 is compressed.

Das Rohr 7 tritt in Wechselwirkung mit dem zusätzlichen Ansclag 24, wonach durch Drehen des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels samt dem Rohr 7 dieses um einen kleinen Winkel unter einem erhöhten Drehmoment festgezogen wird.The tube 7 interacts with the additional stop 24, after which, by rotating the vibration tube wrench together with the tube 7, it is tightened by a small angle with an increased torque.

Der Vibrator 9 wird am Boden der Laufbüchse 22 in einem Abstand von einem Viertel der Wellenlänge Ä zum Ende des Stabes 19 befestigt, weil die Größe der Verschiebung des Vibrators 9 bei der Schwingung in diesem Abstand gleich Null ist, was die Verluste der akustischen Energie über den Boden der Laufbüchse 22 verhindert.The vibrator 9 is attached to the bottom of the liner 22 at a distance of a quarter of the wavelength λ to the end of the rod 19, because the amount of displacement of the vibrator 9 when vibrating at this distance is zero, which means the loss of acoustic energy prevents the bottom of the liner 22.

Angesichts dessen, daß die Länge des Vibrators 9 gleich der Wellenlänge A der akustischen Schwingungen ist, wird eine seiner Hälften (nicht bezeichnet) abwechselnd längs der Achse 14 ausgedehnt, während die andere längs derselben Achse zusammengedrückte wird. Die piezoelektrischen Ringe 11b und 11c, die sich in verschiedenen Hälften des Vibrators 9 befinden, sind daher mit einer dem angelegten elektrischen Feld entgegengesetzten Richtung der vorläufigen Polarisation angeordnet, was die Entstehung von mechanischen Kräften in diesen unter der Wirkung der angelegten elektrischen Wechselspannung ermöglicht, die synchron zu den Wellen der Zusammendrückung und Ausdehnung in jedem Teil des Vibrators 9 sind.In view of the fact that the length of the vibrator 9 is equal to the wavelength A of the acoustic vibrations, one of its halves (not designated) is alternately extended along the axis 14 while the other is compressed along the same axis. The piezoelectric rings 11b and 11c, which are located in different halves of the vibrator 9, are therefore arranged with a direction of the preliminary polarization opposite to the applied electric field, which causes the generation of mechanical forces in them under the effect of the applied electric changes Sel voltage allows that are in sync with the waves of compression and expansion in each part of the vibrator 9.

Die akustischen Wellen lassen an dem als Geber einer Rückkopplung dienenden piezoelektrischen Ring 11 im Vibrator 9 eine elektrische Wechselspannung entstehen, die zur mechanischen Wechselspannung im Vibrator 9 proportional ist. Diese elektrische Wechselspannung wird auf den Eingang des Rückkopplungskreises 26 gegeben, der einen Begrenzungsverstärker darstellt, der den Steuergenerator 28 mit der Schwingungsfrequenz des Vibrators 9 auslöst.The acoustic waves cause an alternating electrical voltage to be generated on the piezoelectric ring 11 serving as a feedback sensor, which is proportional to the mechanical alternating voltage in the vibrator 9. This electrical alternating voltage is applied to the input of the feedback circuit 26, which represents a limiting amplifier that triggers the control generator 28 at the oscillation frequency of the vibrator 9.

Auf solche Weise erfolgt eine automatische Abstimmung der Frequenz des Wechselspannungsgenerators 10 auf die Resonanzfrequenz der mechanischen Schwingungen des Vibrators 9. Die durch den Steuergenerator 28 geformte kontinuierliche rechteckförmige Wechselspannung gelangt auf den (nicht bezeichneten) Eingang des Modulators 29, der eine kontinuierliche Reihe von Kurzzeitimpulsen modulierter Schwingungen erzeugt.In this way, the frequency of the AC voltage generator 10 is automatically tuned to the resonance frequency of the mechanical vibrations of the vibrator 9. The continuous rectangular AC voltage formed by the control generator 28 reaches the input (not designated) of the modulator 29, which modulates a continuous series of short-term pulses Generates vibrations.

In Fig. 2 ist eine Abhängigkeit der Spannung U (V) an dem (nicht bezeichneten) Ausgang des Modulators 29 vom Zeitwert t (s) aufgeführt. T1 bedeutet die Impulsdauer, T2 die Taktperiode.2 shows a dependency of the voltage U (V) on the (not designated) output of the modulator 29 on the time value t (s). T 1 means the pulse duration, T 2 the clock period.

Vom Ausgang des Modulators 29 wird die Spannung in den Leistungsverstärker 30 eingespeist, dessen Ausgangsstufen im Schalterbetrieb arbeiten, was die Wärmeverluste in diesen fast vollkommen eliminiert. Die Ausgangsstufen des Leistungsverstärkers 30 sind mit einem LC-Filter versehen, das von der rechteckförmigen Wechselspannung die Grundharmonische abtrennt, die in die piezoelektrischen Ringe 11 b, 11c des Vibrators 9 gelangt.From the output of the modulator 29, the voltage is fed into the power amplifier 30, the output stages of which operate in switch mode, which almost completely eliminates the heat losses therein. The output stages of the power amplifier 30 are provided with an LC filter which separates the fundamental harmonic from the rectangular AC voltage, which passes into the piezoelectric rings 11b, 11c of the vibrator 9.

Die Schwingungsperiode T1 (s) (Fig. 2) ist während der Impulszeit gleich der Periode von durch den Steuergenerator 28 erzeugten Schwingungen, deren Periode mit der der Resonanzschwingungen des Vibrators 9 zusammenfällt.The oscillation period T1 (s) (FIG. 2) during the pulse time is equal to the period of vibrations generated by the control generator 28, the period of which coincides with that of the resonant vibrations of the vibrator 9.

Die dem mechanischen Wechselspannungen im Vibrator 9 proportionale elektrische Wechselspannung gelangt vom Rückkopplungskreis 26 auf den Eingang des Stromreglers 27, der eine Spannung erzeugt, die den Steuergenerator 28 durch Änderung der Dauer T2 einer der Halbperioden der durch diesen erzeugten Spannung steuert.The electrical alternating voltage proportional to the mechanical alternating voltages in the vibrator 9 passes from the feedback circuit 26 to the input of the current regulator 27, which generates a voltage which controls the control generator 28 by changing the duration T2 of one of the half-periods of the voltage generated by it.

Hierbei bleibt die Periode T1 ohne Änderung. Dann ändert sich bei einer gleichbleibenden Amplitude der durch den Steuergenerator 28 formierten Wechselspannung die Amplitude der Grundharmonischen dieser Spannung.Here, the period T1 remains unchanged. Then, with a constant amplitude of the AC voltage formed by the control generator 28, the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic of this voltage changes.

Dabei ist der Stromregler 27 derart geschaltet, daß er beispielsweise bei einer Erhöhung der am piezoelektrischen Ring 11a generierten Spannung die Amplitude der Grundharmonischen der Wechselspannung am Ausgang des Steuergenerators 28 und also auch am Ausgang des Wechselspannungsgenerators 10 verringert. Indem also der Stromregler 27 den Wert der mechanischen Wechselspannungen im Vibrator 9 automatisch konstant hält, sorgt er bei beliebigen Betriebsarten des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels für ein bei dieser Konstruktion größtmögliches Drehmoment.The current regulator 27 is switched in such a way that, for example, when the voltage generated on the piezoelectric ring 11a increases, it reduces the amplitude of the fundamental harmonics of the AC voltage at the output of the control generator 28 and thus also at the output of the AC voltage generator 10. By automatically maintaining the value of the mechanical alternating voltages in the vibrator 9, the current regulator 27 ensures the greatest possible torque in this construction in any operating mode of the vibration tube wrench.

Indem der Modulator 27 Impulse geringer Dauer T1 mit großer Taktperiode T2 formiert, gestattet er, die Schwingungsamplitude des Vibrators 9 beim Anliegen eines Impulses an diesem ohne Gefahr seiner überhitzung wesentlich zu vergrößern, was wiederum das durch den Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel entwickelte Drehmoment erhöht.In that the modulator 27 forms pulses of short duration T 1 with a large clock period T 2 , it allows the vibration amplitude of the vibrator 9 to increase significantly when a pulse is applied to it without the risk of overheating, which in turn increases the torque developed by the vibration tube wrench.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Versuchsmuster des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels bestanden die Prüfungen erfolgreich, deren Ergebnisse eine zuverlässige Arbeit in einem weiten Betriebsbereich zeigten.The test samples of the vibration tube wrench produced according to the invention successfully passed the tests, the results of which showed reliable work in a wide operating range.

Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels gestattet es, den Raum innerhalb eines Aggregats effektiv auszunutzen, wo die Rohrleitungen zusammengebaut werden, denn es ist möglich, eine Gewindeverbindung der Rohre durch ein einmaliges Ansetzen des Vibrations-Rohrschlüssels daran zu verwirklichen, was auch die Arbeitsproduktivität und die Qualität der Montagearbeiten verbessert.The use of the vibrating pipe wrench according to the invention makes it possible to effectively utilize the space within an assembly where the pipes are assembled, because it is possible to thread the pipes by attaching the vibrating pipe wrench to them once, which is also productive and labor-efficient the quality of the assembly work improved.

Industrielle AnwendbarkeitIndustrial applicability

Am erfolgreichsten kann die vorliegende Erfindung für die Montage und Demontage der Gewinderverbindungen vor Rohren angewendet werden.The present invention can be used most successfully for the assembly and disassembly of the threaded connections in front of pipes.

Der erfindungsgemäß ausgeführte Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel kann auch bei Montagearbeiten im Schiff- und Flugzeugbau, in der Energetik, insbesondere der Kernenergetik, und in anderen Industriezweigen sowie bei der Montage im Weltraum eingesetzt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anwendung der vorliegenden Erfindung unter den Bedingungen eines begrenzten Raumes.The vibrating pipe wrench designed according to the invention can also be used for assembly work in shipbuilding and aircraft construction, in power engineering, in particular nuclear power engineering, and in other branches of industry and in assembly in space. The application of the present invention is particularly advantageous under the conditions of a limited space.

Darüber hinaus wird ein derartiger Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel in robotertechnischen Montagesystemen Anwendung finden.In addition, such a vibration pipe wrench will be used in robotic assembly systems.

Der Vibrations-Rohrschlüssel kann auch für die Montage von nicht nur Rohrverschraubungen, sondern auch von beliebigen anderen Gewindeverbindungen verwendet werden, wozu dieser, falls erforderlich, mit einem Satz von auswechselbaren Aufsätzen zum Festhalten verschiedener festzuschraubender Teile versehen werden kann.The vibrating pipe wrench can also be used for the assembly of not only pipe screw connections, but also of any other threaded connection, for which purpose, if necessary, this can be provided with a set of interchangeable attachments for holding various parts to be screwed on.

Claims (3)

1. Vibratory pipe wrench which includes a hollow handle (1) with an adapter frame (2) and with a vibrator (9) which is disposed in the cavity of the handle (1) and which is electrically connected to an a.c. generator (10) and comprises a stop (20) provided for cooperation with a pipe (7) together with the adapter frame (2), characterised in that the vibrator (9) is longitudinally displaceable and on the handle (1) there is provided an additional stop (24) which is intended for cooperation with the pipe (7) when the stop (20) of the vibrator (9) is lifted off the pipe (7), and a feedback circuit (26) is provided which electrically connects the vibrator (9) to the a.c. generator (10).
2. Vibratory pipe wrench according to claim 1, characterised in that longitudinal displacement of the vibrator (9) is accomplished by means of a spring (21).
3. Vibratory pipe wrench according to claim 1, characterised in that the a.c. generator (10) comprises, arranged in series, a current regulator (27), a control generator (28), a modulator (29) and a power amplifier (30) the output of which is connected to the vibrator (9), and that the feedback circuit (26) is electrically connected to the input of the current regulator (27) and to the input of the control generator (28).
EP85905945A 1985-07-24 1985-09-25 Vibrating pipe wrench Expired - Lifetime EP0231377B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85905945T ATE51789T1 (en) 1985-07-24 1985-09-25 VIBRATING PIPE WRENCH.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU3920552 1985-07-24
SU853920552A SU1643146A2 (en) 1985-07-24 1985-07-24 Vibration-type pipe wrench

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0231377A1 EP0231377A1 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0231377A4 EP0231377A4 (en) 1988-02-18
EP0231377B1 true EP0231377B1 (en) 1990-04-11

Family

ID=21186133

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85905945A Expired - Lifetime EP0231377B1 (en) 1985-07-24 1985-09-25 Vibrating pipe wrench

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4771661A (en)
EP (1) EP0231377B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63500999A (en)
DE (1) DE3577055D1 (en)
SU (1) SU1643146A2 (en)
WO (1) WO1987000477A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5138915A (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-08-18 Don Doll Impact pipe wrench
US6336381B2 (en) 1999-06-04 2002-01-08 Mcdonnell Robert L. Powered pipe wrench
US6681663B1 (en) * 2002-11-25 2004-01-27 Chih-Ching Hsien Hand tool having a vibration device
US9610676B2 (en) * 2012-09-25 2017-04-04 Emerson Electric Co. Pipe wrench with hook shank spacer
CN111251230A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-06-09 江铃重型汽车有限公司 Disassembly tool for filter paper ring
US11890728B2 (en) 2021-05-19 2024-02-06 Nextgen Aerospace Technologies, Llc Concentrated longitudinal acoustical/ultrasonic energy fastener design and manipulation system
EP4392205A1 (en) 2022-11-18 2024-07-03 Gary Lee Ward Concentrated longitudinal acoustical/ultrasonic energy fastener design and manipulation system having at least one or a plurality of flexible ultrasonic joints

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969963A (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-07-20 Bernard Roseby Adjustable pipe wrench
SU636074A1 (en) * 1975-04-01 1978-12-05 Всесоюзный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Механической Обработки Полезных Ископаемых "Механобр" Power wrench for large threaded connections
SU647103A1 (en) * 1977-02-14 1979-02-15 Киевский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им. 50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции Pipe wrench
SU863323A1 (en) * 1977-08-23 1981-09-15 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Разработки И Эксплуатации Нефтепромысловых Труб "Андижанское Специальное Проектно-Конструкторское Бюро" Wrench for screwing-in pipes
SU1088923A2 (en) * 1981-07-28 1984-04-30 Брянский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Технологический Институт Electric vibratory net-driver
SU1144865A1 (en) * 1982-01-12 1985-03-15 Производственное геологическое объединение центральных районов "Центргеология" Pipe wrench

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4771661A (en) 1988-09-20
EP0231377A1 (en) 1987-08-12
JPS63500999A (en) 1988-04-14
SU1643146A2 (en) 1991-04-23
WO1987000477A1 (en) 1987-01-29
EP0231377A4 (en) 1988-02-18
DE3577055D1 (en) 1990-05-17

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