EP0230177A1 - Tip sealing control for a compressor - Google Patents

Tip sealing control for a compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0230177A1
EP0230177A1 EP86402679A EP86402679A EP0230177A1 EP 0230177 A1 EP0230177 A1 EP 0230177A1 EP 86402679 A EP86402679 A EP 86402679A EP 86402679 A EP86402679 A EP 86402679A EP 0230177 A1 EP0230177 A1 EP 0230177A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rods
upstream
downstream
segments
casing
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP86402679A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0230177B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Marie Joseph Lardellier
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP0230177A1 publication Critical patent/EP0230177A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F01D11/22—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by mechanically actuating the stator or rotor components, e.g. moving shroud sections relative to the rotor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure compressor of a turbomachine provided with a device for adjusting the radial clearances between rotor and stator, the compressor casing consisting of an inner casing formed of conical segments carrying the stator stages separated by the rings. sealing, and an outer casing to which the segments are fixed by means of radial adjustment.
  • Advanced technology turbomachines operate at high temperature levels, of the order of 700 ° C, at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor, so that it is essential if we want to obtain good machine efficiency , to provide devices capable of optimizing the clearances resulting from the differences in expansion between the rotor and the stator.
  • Such devices are known, for example French patents 2,534,982 and 2,535,795, consisting of supports which hold the cylindrical segments of the inner envelope attached to the outer shell.
  • the radial clearance between the rotor blades and the stator seals, as well as between the stator blades and the rotor seals, is adjusted by the action of a directed flow of hot or cold air against the supports or against the outer casing.
  • the backlash is all the more effective, as the material constituting the supports or the envelope has a large coefficient of expansion and it responds more quickly to variations in temperature of the injected air, which is generally not not the case.
  • This method has the disadvantage of an increased consumption of air lost as a result of the mode of adjustment by variation of the geometric dimensions of the supports obtained by heat exchange with an air flow.
  • the sealing rings of the rotor blades consist of segments carrying on their axial edges tongues and cooperating slots ensuring their mutual sealing and their relative movement.
  • the segments bear toothed ramps on their outer surface and on their peripheral edges studs cooperating with oblique slides provided in the edges of the downstream and upstream ferrules. Toothed wheels, the axis of which turns in flanges fixed on the ferrules allow, by action on the toothed ramps, the radial displacement of the segments.
  • the segments are suspended from a ring by connecting rods.
  • a gear system controls the rotation of the ring which drives the rods fixed to the segments, producing a radial displacement of the latter so as to adjust the clearance between the rings and the blades.
  • the second patent describes a system in which the sealing segments are fixed to the end of one of the bent lever arms movable around fixed axes, the end of the other arm of which is driven by control rods actuated by cylinders.
  • the circumferential displacement of the bars produces, via the bent levers, a radial displacement of the sealing segments.
  • the invention provides a simple, robust clearance adjustment device, the control members of which are arranged on the outer casing of the casing, are easily accessible.
  • the device according to the invention is remarkable in that the adjustment means are constituted for each segment of rods held on the one hand at the upstream and downstream edges of the outer envelope by axes two by two coaxial and on the other hand at upstream and downstream edges of the segments, the rods forming the sides of two deformable parallelograms, an upstream and a downstream parallelogram, a rod of each parallelogram being fixed to a control shaft mounted on the outer surface of the outer casing so that the axial rotation of the shaft causes the rotation of the rods attached to it and of the other free rods by deformation of the parallelograms resulting in a radial variation in the position of the segments.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a turbomachine showing a part of the low pressure compressor 1, the high pressure compressor 2 and a part of the diffuser 3.
  • the high pressure compressor 2 includes: - a substantially cylindrical outer casing or casing 4 provided with flanges 5, 6 ensuring its tight connection with: upstream, an additional flange 7 of the casing 8 of the low pressure compressor and downstream with a complementary flange 9 of the casing of the diffuser 3; - An inner casing 10, fixed to the outer casing by means of radial adjustment means.
  • This casing is formed, according to the embodiment shown, of six segments 11, of frustoconical surface, arranged concentrically with the compressor axis. The segments are made of a material with a low coefficient of expansion.
  • the longitudinal edges of the segments have grooves 12 which are equipped, two by two, with sliding seals 13 ensuring the tightness and the continuity of the inner envelope and allowing the tangential movement of the segments relative to each other.
  • the inner envelope carries the rows of stator vanes 14 separated by sealing rings 15 capable of cooperating with the ends of the rotor vanes 16.
  • the sealing rings are formed, as known from an abradable material.
  • the outer surface of the inner envelope 10 receives heat insulation 17 held between the stiffening ribs 18.
  • the space 19, between the inner envelope 11 and the outer envelope 4 is cooled by a flow of air taken from the outlet of the low pressure compressor.
  • a low pressure air manifold 20 is provided at the upstream part of the outer casing 4 of the compressor for supplying and cooling various members of the turbomachine.
  • the means for adjusting the radial clearance between the stator and the rotor of the compressor consist of rods 21 to 24 holding the segments 11, forming the inner casing of the compressor, suspended from the outer casing 4.
  • the face outside of the segment 11 near its upstream 25 and downstream 26 edges carries yokes 27 forming axially aligned bearings, retaining an axis 28 around which one of the ends of the links pivots freely.
  • One of the pairs of rods, for example 23, 24 cooperating with two axially aligned bearings carry at their other end axes 29 which pivot in coaxial bearings provided in the radial faces of the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges of the outer casing 4.
  • L 'other pair of links for example 21, 22 have their other ends integral with a control shaft 30 pivoting in coaxial bearings provided in the radial faces of the upstream and downstream flanges 6.
  • the control shaft 30 carries a double lever 31 capable of being actuated by actuation means 32.
  • the radial faces of the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges in which the bearings of the axes of the rods are provided, carry housings, or means equivalents allowing the accommodation of the ends of the rods.
  • the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges carry a recess 33 along the central edge which provides housing for the rods.
  • the radial faces of the flanges 7 of the low pressure compressor 1 and 9 of the diffuser casing 3 bear coaxially with the control shaft 30 of the bearings 34 in which the projecting ends of the shaft are housed.
  • the height of the flanges for fixing the outer casing 4 of the high pressure compressor to the casing of the low pressure compressor 1 and to the casing of the diffuser 3 is provided so as to allow the control shaft to pass over the outer surface. of the outer casing 4.
  • control rods are secured to the shaft 30, in a known manner and preferably, by grooves.
  • the rods 23 and 24 will be referred to as "follower rods”.
  • the actuating means 32 are constituted according to one embodiment by screw jacks, one by segment, connected by a hose, or according to another embodiment by a single jack connected to a synchronization ring acting on the levers of the control shafts and on the control rods with which they are associated.
  • the segments 11, constituting the inner casing of the compressor, are suspended from the outer casing 4 by two deformable parallelograms, one upstream and the other downstream.
  • the sides of these parallelograms are formed respectively by the links 21 and 23, and 22 and 24 and the portions of the outer casing and of the segment included between the suspension points of the links. It follows that the segments 11 move parallel to themselves in the radial direction.
  • a rotation of the control rods 21, 22 causes the deformation of the parallelograms and a modification of the distance separating the inner surface of the segments from the ends of the rotor blades.
  • a rotation of 30 ° of the control rods corresponds to a radial displacement of 1.5 mm from the segment, which is sufficient to ensure optimum adjustment of the clearances.
  • the axes 28, 29 of the links are arranged along two parallel theoretical cylinders. Consequently, the radial displacements of the upstream and downstream edges of the segments 11 are the same.
  • these axes can be arranged in a cone and in this case, the rods can have a different length upstream and downstream.
  • the actuating means are capable of being controlled by various operating parameters such as the speed, the temperature and / or the outlet pressure of the compressor.
  • the on-board computer includes a program, integrating a model of the thermal behavior of the machine, which controls the action of the jack or jacks accordingly.
  • the actuating means can, according to another form implementation, be enslaved, in real time, to the measurement of the games, by means of sensors of known type such as contact sensors, capacitive sensors, accelerators, etc. . .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Les moyens de réglage sont constitués pour chaque segment de biellettes (21-24) fixées aux bords amont et aval de l'enveloppe extérieure (4) et des segments (11) portant les étages statoriques et les anneaux d'étanchéité avec les étages rotoriques. Les biellettes forment les côtés d'un parallélogramme amont et aval. Une biellette(21-22) de chaque parallélogramme est fixée à un arbre de commande (30) actionné en rotation par des moyens d'actionnement (32). La déformation des parallélogrammes modifie la position radiale des segments.The adjustment means are constituted for each segment of rods (21-24) fixed to the upstream and downstream edges of the outer casing (4) and of the segments (11) carrying the stator stages and the sealing rings with the rotor stages . The rods form the sides of an upstream and downstream parallelogram. A link (21-22) of each parallelogram is fixed to a control shaft (30) actuated in rotation by actuation means (32). The deformation of the parallelograms changes the radial position of the segments.

Description

L'invention concerne un compresseur haute pression d'une turbomachine munie d'un dispositif de réglage des jeux radiaux entre rotor et stator, le carter du compresseur étant constitué d'une enveloppe intérieure formée de segments coniques portant les étages statoriques séparés par les anneaux d'étanchéité, et une enveloppe extérieure à laquelle sont fixés les segments par des moyens de réglage radial.The invention relates to a high-pressure compressor of a turbomachine provided with a device for adjusting the radial clearances between rotor and stator, the compressor casing consisting of an inner casing formed of conical segments carrying the stator stages separated by the rings. sealing, and an outer casing to which the segments are fixed by means of radial adjustment.

Les turbomachines de technologie avancée fonctionnent à des niveaux de température élevés, de l'ordre de 700°C, à la sortie du compresseur haute pression, de sorte qu'il est indispensable, si l'on veut obtenir un bon rendement de la machine, de prévoir des dispositifs capables d'optimiser les jeux résultant des différences de dilatation, entre rotor et stator.Advanced technology turbomachines operate at high temperature levels, of the order of 700 ° C, at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor, so that it is essential if we want to obtain good machine efficiency , to provide devices capable of optimizing the clearances resulting from the differences in expansion between the rotor and the stator.

On connaît de tels dispositifs, par exemple des brevets français 2 534 982 et 2 535 795, constitués de supports qui maintiennent les segments cylindriques de l'enveloppe intérieure accrochés à l'eveloppe extérieure. Le jeu radial, entre les aubes du rotor et les anneaux d'étanchéité du stator, ainsi qu'entre les aubes du stator et les joints d'étanchéité du rotor, est réglé par action d'un flux d'air chaud ou froid dirigé contre les supports ou contre l'enveloppe extérieure.Such devices are known, for example French patents 2,534,982 and 2,535,795, consisting of supports which hold the cylindrical segments of the inner envelope attached to the outer shell. The radial clearance between the rotor blades and the stator seals, as well as between the stator blades and the rotor seals, is adjusted by the action of a directed flow of hot or cold air against the supports or against the outer casing.

Le rattrapage de jeu est d'autant plus efficace, que le matériau constituant les supports ou l'enveloppe a un coefficient de dilatation important et qu'il répond plus rapidement aux variations de température de l'air injecté, ce qui n'est généralement pas le cas.The backlash is all the more effective, as the material constituting the supports or the envelope has a large coefficient of expansion and it responds more quickly to variations in temperature of the injected air, which is generally not not the case.

Ce procédé présente l'inconvénient d'une consommation accrue d'air perdu par suite du mode de réglage par variation des dimensions géométriques des supports obtenue par échange thermique avec un flux d'air.This method has the disadvantage of an increased consumption of air lost as a result of the mode of adjustment by variation of the geometric dimensions of the supports obtained by heat exchange with an air flow.

Afin de supprimer ces inconvénients, on a mis au point des dispositifs mécaniques de réglage des jeux tels que ceux décrits dans les brevets britanniques 2.068.470 et 2.108.591.In order to eliminate these drawbacks, mechanical clearance adjustment devices such as those described in British patents 2,068,470 and 2,108,591 have been developed.

Les anneaux d'étanchéité des aubes de rotor, prévus sur le stator sont constitués de segments portant sur leurs bords axiaux des languettes et des fentes coopérantes assurant leur étanchéité mutuelle et leur mouvement relatif. Dans le premier de ces brevets, les segments portent sur leur surface extérieure des rampes dentées et sur leurs bords périphériques des tétons coopérant avec des glissières obliques prévues dans les bords des viroles aval et amont. Des roues dentées, dont l'axe tourillonne dans des brides fixées sur les viroles permettent, par action sur les rampes dentées, le déplacement radial des segments. Dans une deuxième forme de réalisation, les segments sont suspendus à un anneau par des biellettes.The sealing rings of the rotor blades, provided on the stator, consist of segments carrying on their axial edges tongues and cooperating slots ensuring their mutual sealing and their relative movement. In the first of these patents, the segments bear toothed ramps on their outer surface and on their peripheral edges studs cooperating with oblique slides provided in the edges of the downstream and upstream ferrules. Toothed wheels, the axis of which turns in flanges fixed on the ferrules allow, by action on the toothed ramps, the radial displacement of the segments. In a second embodiment, the segments are suspended from a ring by connecting rods.

Un système d'engrenage commande la rotation de l'anneau qui entraîne les biellettes fixées aux segments en produisant un déplacement radial de ceux-ci de manière à régler le jeux anneaux-aubes.A gear system controls the rotation of the ring which drives the rods fixed to the segments, producing a radial displacement of the latter so as to adjust the clearance between the rings and the blades.

Le deuxième brevet décrit un système dans lequel les segments d'étanchéité sont fixés à l'extrémité d'un des bras de leviers coudés mobiles autour d'axes fixes, dont l'extrémité de l'autre bras est entraînée par des barres de commandes actionnées par des vérins. Le déplacement circonférentiel des barres produit, par l'intermédiaire des leviers coudés, un déplacement radial des segments d'étanchéité.The second patent describes a system in which the sealing segments are fixed to the end of one of the bent lever arms movable around fixed axes, the end of the other arm of which is driven by control rods actuated by cylinders. The circumferential displacement of the bars produces, via the bent levers, a radial displacement of the sealing segments.

Ces divers dispositifs présentent l'inconvénient d'être montés entre deux enveloppes formant le carter, ce qui implique de nombreuses traversées de cloison pouvant occasionner un niveau de fuite important. En outre certains de ces dispositifs comportent de nombreuses pièces mécaniques, ce qui accroît les risques de panne.These various devices have the disadvantage of being mounted between two envelopes forming the casing, which implies numerous bulkhead crossings which can cause a significant level of leakage. In addition, some of these devices include numerous mechanical parts, which increases the risk of breakdown.

L'invention propose un dispositif de réglage de jeux simple, robuste et dont les organes de commande disposés sur l'enveloppe extérieure du carter, sont facilement accessibles.The invention provides a simple, robust clearance adjustment device, the control members of which are arranged on the outer casing of the casing, are easily accessible.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est remarquable en ce que les moyens de réglage sont constitués pour chaque segment de biellettes maintenues d'une part aux bords amont et aval de l'enveloppe extérieure par des axes deux à deux coaxiaux et d'autre part aux bords amont et aval des segments, les biellettes formant les côtés de deux parallélogrammes déformables, un parallélogramme amont et un aval, une biellette de chaque parallélogramme étant fixée à un arbre de commande monté sur la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe extérieure de manière que la rotation axiale de l'arbre entraîne la rotation des biellettes qui lui sont fixées et des autres biellettes libres par déformation des parallélogrammes résultant en une variation radiale de la position des segments.The device according to the invention is remarkable in that the adjustment means are constituted for each segment of rods held on the one hand at the upstream and downstream edges of the outer envelope by axes two by two coaxial and on the other hand at upstream and downstream edges of the segments, the rods forming the sides of two deformable parallelograms, an upstream and a downstream parallelogram, a rod of each parallelogram being fixed to a control shaft mounted on the outer surface of the outer casing so that the axial rotation of the shaft causes the rotation of the rods attached to it and of the other free rods by deformation of the parallelograms resulting in a radial variation in the position of the segments.

Les explications et figures données ci-après, à titre d'exemple, permettront de comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.

  • La figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'un compresseur de turbomachine comportant un dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un dispositif de réglage de jeu selon l'invention.
The explanations and figures given below, by way of example, will make it possible to understand how the invention can be implemented.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a turbomachine compressor comprising a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a clearance adjusting device according to the invention.

La figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'une turbomachine montrant une partie du compresseur basse pression 1, le compresseur haute pression 2 et une partie du diffuseur 3.FIG. 1 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a turbomachine showing a part of the low pressure compressor 1, the high pressure compressor 2 and a part of the diffuser 3.

Le compresseur haute pression 2 comporte :
- une enveloppe ou carter extérieur 4 sensiblement cylindrique muni à ses extrémités de brides 5, 6 assurant sa liaison étanche avec : en amont, une bride complémentaire 7 du carter 8 du compresseur basse pression et en aval avec une bride complémentaire 9 du carter du diffuseur 3 ;
- une enveloppe intérieure 10, fixée à l'enveloppe extérieure par l'intermédiaire de moyens de réglage radial du jeu. Cette enveloppe est formée, selon la forme de réalisation représentée, de six segments 11, de surface tronconique, disposés concentriquement à l'axe du compresseur. Les segments sont réalisés en un matériau à faible coefficient de dilatation. Les bords longitudinaux des segments présentent des gorges 12 qui sont équipées, deux à deux, de joints coulissants 13 assurant l'étanchéité et la continuité de l'enveloppe intérieure et permettant le déplacement tangentiel des segments les uns par rapport aux autres. L'enveloppe intérieure porte les rangées d'aubes statoriques 14 séparées par des anneaux d'étanchéité 15 susceptibles de coopérer avec les extrémités des aubes rotoriques 16. Les anneaux d'étanchéité sont formés, comme connu d'un matériau abradable.The high pressure compressor 2 includes:
- a substantially cylindrical outer casing or casing 4 provided with flanges 5, 6 ensuring its tight connection with: upstream, an additional flange 7 of the casing 8 of the low pressure compressor and downstream with a complementary flange 9 of the casing of the diffuser 3;
- An inner casing 10, fixed to the outer casing by means of radial adjustment means. This casing is formed, according to the embodiment shown, of six segments 11, of frustoconical surface, arranged concentrically with the compressor axis. The segments are made of a material with a low coefficient of expansion. The longitudinal edges of the segments have grooves 12 which are equipped, two by two, with sliding seals 13 ensuring the tightness and the continuity of the inner envelope and allowing the tangential movement of the segments relative to each other. The inner envelope carries the rows of stator vanes 14 separated by sealing rings 15 capable of cooperating with the ends of the rotor vanes 16. The sealing rings are formed, as known from an abradable material.

Eventuellement la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe intérieure 10 reçoit un calorifugeage 17 maintenu entre les nervures de raidissement 18.Optionally, the outer surface of the inner envelope 10 receives heat insulation 17 held between the stiffening ribs 18.

L'espace 19, compris entre l'enveloppe intérieure 11 et l'enveloppe extérieure 4 est refroidi par un flux d'air prélevé à la sortie du compresseur basse pression. Un collecteur d'air basse pression 20 est prévu à la partie amont de l'enveloppe extérieure 4 du compresseur pour l'alimentation et le refroidissement de divers organes de la turbomachine.The space 19, between the inner envelope 11 and the outer envelope 4 is cooled by a flow of air taken from the outlet of the low pressure compressor. A low pressure air manifold 20 is provided at the upstream part of the outer casing 4 of the compressor for supplying and cooling various members of the turbomachine.

Les moyens de réglage du jeu radial entre stator et rotor du compresseur, selon l'invention, sont constitués par des biellettes 21 à 24 maintenant les segments 11, formant l'enveloppe intérieure du compresseur, suspendus à l'enveloppe extérieure 4. La face extérieure du segment 11 près de ses bords amont 25 et aval 26 porte des chapes 27 formant des paliers axialement alignés, retenant un axe 28 autour duquel pivote librement une des extrémités des biellettes. Une des paires de biellettes par exemple 23, 24 coopérant avec deux paliers axialement alignés portent à leur autre extrémité des axes 29 qui pivotent dans des paliers coaxiaux prévus dans les faces radiales des brides amont 5 et aval 6 de l'enveloppe extérieure 4. L'autre paire de biellettes par exemple 21, 22 ont leurs autres extrémités solidaires d'un arbre de commande 30 pivotant dans des paliers coaxiaux prévus dans les faces radiales des brides amont 5 et aval 6. L'arbre de commande 30 porte un levier double 31 susceptible d'être actionné par des moyens d'actionnement 32.The means for adjusting the radial clearance between the stator and the rotor of the compressor, according to the invention, consist of rods 21 to 24 holding the segments 11, forming the inner casing of the compressor, suspended from the outer casing 4. The face outside of the segment 11 near its upstream 25 and downstream 26 edges carries yokes 27 forming axially aligned bearings, retaining an axis 28 around which one of the ends of the links pivots freely. One of the pairs of rods, for example 23, 24 cooperating with two axially aligned bearings carry at their other end axes 29 which pivot in coaxial bearings provided in the radial faces of the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges of the outer casing 4. L 'other pair of links for example 21, 22 have their other ends integral with a control shaft 30 pivoting in coaxial bearings provided in the radial faces of the upstream and downstream flanges 6. The control shaft 30 carries a double lever 31 capable of being actuated by actuation means 32.

Les faces radiales des brides amont 5 et aval 6, dans lesquelles sont prévus les paliers des axes des biellettes, portent des logements, ou des moyens équivalents permettant le logement des extrémités des biellettes. Selon la forme de réalisation représentée, les brides amont 5 et aval 6 portent un décrochement 33 le long du bord central qui assure le logement des biellettes. Eventuellement les faces radiales des brides 7 du compresseur basse pression 1 et 9 du carter du diffuseur 3 portent coaxialement avec l'arbre de commande 30 des paliers 34 dans lesquels se logent les extrémités saillantes de l'arbre.The radial faces of the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges, in which the bearings of the axes of the rods are provided, carry housings, or means equivalents allowing the accommodation of the ends of the rods. According to the embodiment shown, the upstream 5 and downstream 6 flanges carry a recess 33 along the central edge which provides housing for the rods. Optionally, the radial faces of the flanges 7 of the low pressure compressor 1 and 9 of the diffuser casing 3 bear coaxially with the control shaft 30 of the bearings 34 in which the projecting ends of the shaft are housed.

La hauteur des brides de fixation de l'enveloppe extérieure 4 du compresseur haute pression au carter du compresseur basse pression 1 et au carter du diffuseur 3 est prévue de manière à permettre le passage de l'arbre de commande au-dessus de la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe extérieure 4.The height of the flanges for fixing the outer casing 4 of the high pressure compressor to the casing of the low pressure compressor 1 and to the casing of the diffuser 3 is provided so as to allow the control shaft to pass over the outer surface. of the outer casing 4.

Les biellettes 21 et 22 qui seront dénommées "biellettes de commande" sont solidarisées à l'arbre 30, de manière connue et de préférence, par des cannelures.The rods 21 and 22 which will be called "control rods" are secured to the shaft 30, in a known manner and preferably, by grooves.

Les biellettes 23 et 24 seront dénommées "biellettes suiveuses".The rods 23 and 24 will be referred to as "follower rods".

Les moyens d'actionnement 32 sont constitués selon une forme de réalisation par des vérins à vis, un par segment, reliés par un flexible, ou selon une autre forme de réalisation par un vérin unique lié à un anneau de synchronisation agissant sur les leviers des arbres de commande et sur les biellettes de commande auxquels il sont associés.The actuating means 32 are constituted according to one embodiment by screw jacks, one by segment, connected by a hose, or according to another embodiment by a single jack connected to a synchronization ring acting on the levers of the control shafts and on the control rods with which they are associated.

Les segments 11, constituant l'enveloppe intérieure du compresseur, sont suspendus à l'enveloppe externe 4 par deux parallélogrammes déformables, l'un à l'amont et l'autre à l'aval. Les côtés de ces parallélogrammes sont formés respectivement par les biellettes 21 et 23, et 22 et 24 et les portions d'enveloppe extérieure et du segment compris entre les points de suspension des biellettes. Il s'en suit que les segments 11 se déplacent parallèlement à eux-mêmes dans le sens radial.The segments 11, constituting the inner casing of the compressor, are suspended from the outer casing 4 by two deformable parallelograms, one upstream and the other downstream. The sides of these parallelograms are formed respectively by the links 21 and 23, and 22 and 24 and the portions of the outer casing and of the segment included between the suspension points of the links. It follows that the segments 11 move parallel to themselves in the radial direction.

Une rotation des biellettes de commande 21, 22 entraîne la déformation des parallélogrammes et une modification de la distance séparant la surface intérieure des segments des extrémités des aubes du rotor.A rotation of the control rods 21, 22 causes the deformation of the parallelograms and a modification of the distance separating the inner surface of the segments from the ends of the rotor blades.

Selon l'exemple d'application, une rotation de 30° des biellettes de commande correspond à un déplacement radial de 1,5 mm du segment, ce qui est suffisant pour assurer un réglage optimum des jeux.According to the example of application, a rotation of 30 ° of the control rods corresponds to a radial displacement of 1.5 mm from the segment, which is sufficient to ensure optimum adjustment of the clearances.

Les axes 28, 29 des biellettes sont disposés suivant deux cylindres théoriques parallèles. En conséquence les déplacements radiaux des bords amont et aval des segments 11 sont les mêmes.The axes 28, 29 of the links are arranged along two parallel theoretical cylinders. Consequently, the radial displacements of the upstream and downstream edges of the segments 11 are the same.

En variante cependant, ces axes peuvent être disposés suivant un cône et dans ce cas, les biellettes peuvent avoir une longueur différente à l'amont et à l'aval.Alternatively, however, these axes can be arranged in a cone and in this case, the rods can have a different length upstream and downstream.

Les moyens d'actionnement sont susceptibles d'être asservis à divers paramètres de fonctionnement tels que le régime, la température et/ou la pression de sortie du compresseur. A cette fin, le calculateur de bord comporte un programme, intégrant un modèle du comportement thermique de la machine, qui commande l'action du ou des vérins en conséquence.The actuating means are capable of being controlled by various operating parameters such as the speed, the temperature and / or the outlet pressure of the compressor. To this end, the on-board computer includes a program, integrating a model of the thermal behavior of the machine, which controls the action of the jack or jacks accordingly.

Les moyens d'actionnement peuvent, selon une autre forme de réalisation, être asservis, en temps réel, à la mesure des jeux, au moyens de capteurs de type connu tels que des capteurs à contact, capacitifs, des accélérateurs, etc. . .The actuating means can, according to another form implementation, be enslaved, in real time, to the measurement of the games, by means of sensors of known type such as contact sensors, capacitive sensors, accelerators, etc. . .

Claims (9)

1. Compresseur haute pression d'une turbomachine munie d'un dispositif de réglage des jeux radiaux entre rotor et stator, le carter du compresseur étant constitué d'une enveloppe intérieure formée de segments coniques portant les étages statoriques séparés par des anneaux d'étanchéité coopérant avec les aubes des étages rotoriques, et une enveloppe extérieure à laquelle sont fixés les segments par des moyens de réglage radial du jeu, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage sont constitués pour chaque segment de biellettes (21 à 24) maintenues d'une part aux bords amont (5) et aval (6) de l'enveloppe extérieure (4) par des axes (29, 30) deux à deux coaxiaux et d'autre part aux bords amont (25) et aval (26) des segments (11), les biellettes formant les côtés de deux parallélogrammes déformables, un parallélogramme amont et un aval, une biellette (21, 22) de chaque parallélogramme étant fixée à un arbre de commande (30) monté sur la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe extérieure (4) de manière que la rotation axiale de l'arbre entraîne la rotation des biellettes qui lui sont fixées et des autres biellettes libres par déformation des parallélogrammes résultant en une variation radiale de la position des segments.1. High pressure compressor of a turbomachine fitted with a device for adjusting the radial clearances between rotor and stator, the compressor casing being made up of an inner casing formed of conical segments carrying the stator stages separated by sealing rings cooperating with the blades of the rotor stages, and an outer casing to which the segments are fixed by means of radial adjustment of the clearance, characterized in that the adjustment means are constituted for each segment of rods (21 to 24) maintained with one hand at the upstream (5) and downstream (6) edges of the outer casing (4) by axes (29, 30) two by two coaxial and on the other hand at the upstream (25) and downstream (26) edges of the segments (11), the rods forming the sides of two deformable parallelograms, an upstream and a downstream parallelogram, a rod (21, 22) of each parallelogram being fixed to a control shaft (30) mounted on the outer surface of the outer casing (4) of so that the axial rotation of the shaft causes the rotation of the rods attached to it and of the other free rods by deformation of the parallelograms resulting in a radial variation in the position of the segments. 2. Compresseur selon la revendication 1, l'enveloppe extérieure portant à ses extrémités radiales des brides amont (5) et aval (6) assurant sa fixation au carter d'un compresseur basse pression en amont et au carter d'un diffuseur en aval, caractérisé en ce que les biellettes (21-24) sont maintenues
- d'une part à l'enveloppe extérieure par des axes (29, 30) dont les paliers sont formés dans les faces radiales des brides amont (5) et aval (6), les paliers prévus dans une bride, étant coaxiaux aux paliers prévus dans l'autre bride, l'arbre (30) formant l'axe de deux biellettes (21, 22) étant commandé par des moyens d'actionnement (32) par l'intermédiaire d'un levier de commande (31) qui lui est fixé ;
- d'autre part, à des axes (28) qui pivotent librement dans des paliers coaxiaux prévus dans des chapes (27) solidaires de la surface extérieure des segments (11).2. Compressor according to claim 1, the outer casing carrying at its radial ends upstream (5) and downstream (6) flanges ensuring its attachment to the casing of a low pressure compressor upstream and to the casing of a downstream diffuser , characterized in that the links (21-24) are held
- on the one hand to the outer casing by axes (29, 30) whose bearings are formed in the radial faces of the upstream (5) and downstream (6) flanges, the bearings provided in one flange, being coaxial with the bearings provided in the other flange, the shaft (30) forming the axis of two rods (21, 22) being controlled by actuating means (32) via a control lever (31) attached thereto;
- On the other hand, to axes (28) which pivot freely in coaxial bearings provided in yokes (27) integral with the outer surface of the segments (11). 3. Compresseur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les faces radiales des brides amont (5) et aval (6) de l'enveloppe extérieure (4) portent des logements pour l'extrémité des biellettes (21-24).3. Compressor according to claim 2, characterized in that the radial faces of the upstream (5) and downstream (6) flanges of the outer casing (4) carry housings for the end of the rods (21-24). 4. Compresseur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les logements sont constitués par un décrochement (33) prévu le long du bord central des brides.4. Compressor according to claim 3, characterized in that the housings are constituted by a recess (33) provided along the central edge of the flanges. 5. Compresseur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que des paliers (34) coaxiaux à l'arbre de commande (30) sont prévus dans les faces radiales des brides (7) du compresseur basse pression (1) et (8) du carter de diffuseur (3), lesdits paliers coopérant avec les extrémités de l'arbre de commande.5. Compressor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that bearings (34) coaxial with the control shaft (30) are provided in the radial faces of the flanges (7) of the low pressure compressor (1) and (8 ) of the diffuser housing (3), said bearings cooperating with the ends of the control shaft. 6. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'actionnement (32) sont constitués par des vérins à vis synchronisés par des flexibles.6. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating means (32) consist of screw jacks synchronized by hoses. 7. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'actionnement (32) sont constitués d'un vérin unique actionnant un anneau de synchronisation lié aux leviers de commande des arbres de commande des biellettes de commande (21, 22).7. Compressor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the actuating means (32) consist of a single cylinder actuating a ring of synchronization linked to the control levers of the control shafts of the control rods (21, 22). 8. Compresseur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou les vérins sont asservis à un calculateur intégrant les paramètres de fonctionnement et un modèle thermique de la turbomachine.8. Compressor according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cylinder or cylinders are controlled by a computer integrating the operating parameters and a thermal model of the turbomachine. 9. Compresseur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou les vérins sont asservis à un capteur assurant la mesure en temps réel des jeux effectifs.9. Compressor according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the jack or jacks are controlled by a sensor ensuring the measurement in real time of the effective clearances.
EP86402679A 1985-12-18 1986-12-03 Tip sealing control for a compressor Expired EP0230177B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8518749A FR2591674B1 (en) 1985-12-18 1985-12-18 DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE RADIAL CLEARANCES BETWEEN ROTOR AND STATOR OF A COMPRESSOR
FR8518749 1985-12-18

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EP0230177A1 true EP0230177A1 (en) 1987-07-29
EP0230177B1 EP0230177B1 (en) 1989-01-18

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EP86402679A Expired EP0230177B1 (en) 1985-12-18 1986-12-03 Tip sealing control for a compressor

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US (1) US4714404A (en)
EP (1) EP0230177B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3661858D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2591674B1 (en)

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JPH03271503A (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-12-03 General Electric Co <Ge> Control device for blade end clearance
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GB2228539B (en) * 1989-02-23 1993-09-01 United Technologies Corp Casing for a rotary machine
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GB2238354A (en) * 1989-11-22 1991-05-29 Gen Electric Blade tip clearance control apparatus
JPH03242402A (en) * 1990-02-12 1991-10-29 General Electric Co <Ge> Device for controlling blade end clearance
JPH03271503A (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-12-03 General Electric Co <Ge> Control device for blade end clearance
DE102009023061A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Gap control system, turbomachine and method for adjusting a running gap between a rotor and a casing of a turbomachine
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2591674B1 (en) 1988-02-19
FR2591674A1 (en) 1987-06-19
US4714404A (en) 1987-12-22
EP0230177B1 (en) 1989-01-18
DE3661858D1 (en) 1989-02-23

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