EP0227624A1

EP0227624A1 - Foil element

Info

Publication number: EP0227624A1
Application number: EP86850435A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rolf Berthelius; Tommy Fredriksson
Original assignee: Kanthal AB
Current assignee: Kanthal AB
Priority date: 1985-12-13
Filing date: 1986-12-12
Publication date: 1987-07-01
Also published as: SE8505911D0; NO865039L; FI865074A; SE8505911L; US4797537A; NO865039D0; FI865074A0

Abstract

Foil element for electric heating of objects having the resistance material placed between insulating plastic foils of e.g. PVC or polyester. The temperature should be controlled on the heated object within a given interval. The foil element therefor has a sensor circuit (3) of the same material as the resistance element (2) placed in the same foil but at a distance from the resistance element.

The resistance of the sensor circuit varies with the temperature and this resistance value is used as temperature control.

Description

This invention relates to a so called foil element for electric heating. By foil element it is referred to a type of element where the resistance material is placed between insulating plastic foils. The plastic foil can e.g. be a type of silicone, PVC or polyester and even combinations of these materials often occur. The electric resistance heating element consisting of metallic material are e.g. meander shaped coils which can be produced by etching of metal foil. The coils can also be produced by punching according to Swedish patent application no 8404231-6. At application the foil element is placed against the surface to be heated.
For many foil element applications a means of controlling the temperature on the heated object within a given interval is required. To be able to do this the temperature of the heated object should be sensed in a suitable way. This could be done either by means of a separate device or by a device enclosed in the foil element. In both cases the problem of a correct temperature regulation arises. When using a separate device, then suitably placed at a distance from the foil element to prevent disturbance from the direct heat transmission therefrom, the problem mainly consists of a time delay between the element and the temperature sensing device. The delay depends on the heat to be transported within the heated object from the foil element to the temperature sensor. The delay depends, among other things, on the conditions of heat transfer and heat conduction and the effect of the element. If the control device is mounted in the foil element a reduced delay is achieved by the vicinity of the heat source and the sensing device. However, other problems occur because of direct heat transmission from the element and to the temperature sensor.
The cost of a temperature sensor and control equipement can in certain cases be important in relation to the cost of the element itself. This is, to no small extent, due to the costs arising in connection with the installation of the temperature sensor in the element.
The aim of this invention is to assign a foil element which in itself also comprises a device by means of which the temperature of the heated object can be measured. A further aim of the invention is to reduce the costs of the device for temperature measuring by letting this be part of the foil element. The invention can be described by the characteristics appearing from the enclosed patent claim 1.
The invention will in the following be illustrated by an example in connection with the figures. Fig. 1 shows an element according to the invention and fig. 2 shows a cross section of the same element. Fig. 3 shows an element complete with control device. The element shown in fig. 1 comprises a bearing foil 7 which in this case carries a meander shaped heating coil of metal foil. The element was produced by etching or punching of metal foil by known method. The element is equipped with two terminals 4 for connection to an electric voltage source. On the same plastic foil but in a distance, a, from the heating coil 2 there is a further meander shaped coil (the sensor coil) 3. This consists of the same material as the heating coil 2 and is produced in the same working operation. Also the sensor coil 3 is equipped with two connections 5. This sensor coil is used for heating control. This is effected by the sensor coil connected via the connection points 5 to a device measuring the resistance of the coil 3. This resistance is somewhat temperature depending and the measured value is used to control the resistance element. The same element is shown in fig. 2 in a cross section A-A. It appears from the figure how the heating coil 2 and the sensor coil 3 are embedded between four different plastic foils where e.g. the foils 6 and 7, situated most closely to the metal coils, can be polyester foil and the outer foils 8 and 9 can consist of PVC foils. In fig. 3 it is shown how a control device 10 is connected on the one hand to a voltage source and on the other to the element 1 via cable 12 to the heating coil 2 and via cable 11 to the sensor coil 3.
Elements according to the invention are especially suitable where objects with high thermal inertia are to be heated. An example of such objects are waterbeds where heat is transmitted from the element via the container of the waterbed to the water and diffused in the water by convection. The water mattress in such a bed can cover a surface of abt. 3 m⁼ and has a water depth of abt. 250 mm. The element for the heating of the water should have a much smaller surface. By the invention it has become possible to obtain a correct control of the temperature to which the water is heated by a relatively small element.
An element for the above mentioned purpose is 300 mm wide and 950 mm long. The width of the heating circuit is 235 mm and that of the sensor circuit abt. 20 mm. The distance between heating circuit and sensor circuit is 30 mm. Both circuits have a length of 840 mm. The resistance material is produced from brass foil of a thickness of 0,025 mm. The effect of the element is abt. 350 W. It was found that the controlled conditions achieved in this way for the heat transfer to the sensor circuit partly from the heated object and partly by heat transfer directly from the resistance circuit make it. possible to exactly control the temperature at the heated object.
Especially for waterbeds but probably also for other applications it can be desirable to divide the object to be heated into several parts in a certain way. It therefore occurs that in waterbeds the water mattress is divided into two parts by means of a longitudinal partition. Both parts are intended to be heated to the same temperature. There is of course a possibility to equip the parts with an element and control device each all performed e.g. according to above description. The two elements will then work somewhat different and not be turned on resp. off exactly at the same time. This entails periodically a voltage difference between the two elements which in its turn can lead to a static electricity which can cause a very uncomfortable feeling for the user of the waterbed. The tests performed to discharge the static electricity in different ways have not given satisfactory results. This problem can be solved by a special form of execution of an element according to the invention. Such an element is shown in fig. 4 where also a water mattress 20 divided into two chambers 21 and 22 by a partition 31 is shown. The element 24 has a heating coil divided into two equal parts, 25 and 26. The parts are electrically connected in series to each other. Also the temperature sensoring coil, the sensor coil, is divided into two parts, 27 and 28. The division of the 2 coils shall be effected in equal proportions and is, in the example shown in the figure, executed in such a way that one of the two parts of the sensor coil in this special case also is divided into two smaller parts. This is due to the sensor coil being situated on both sides of the terminals 29 and 30. However, such a division is without importance. The essential in this case is that the two parts of the resistance coil have the same electrical resistance.
The sensor coil of the element shown in fig. 4 is arranged in a different way than in the element shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1 the coil is placed beside the resistance coil. Also other locations of the two coils in relation to each other are possible but the essential is that the distance between the two coils is big enough that the sensor coil only to a small extent is affected by the heat transmitted directly from the resistance coil. This means in the examples above that the distance between sensor coil and resistance coil shall be minimum 20 mm and preferably should be abt. 40 mm.
Independently of the design of the element the surfaces of the sensor circuit and the heating circuit should be in a certain proportion to each other. This should be chosen in such way that the sensor circuit is 10 - 40 %-of the total surface. Within this- range a correct relation is achieved between the heat quantities being conveyed to the sensor circuit partly from the heated object and partly by heat transfer directly from the resistance circuit.

Claims

1. Heating device to heat a plane sureface by means of an electric resistance heating element, so called foil element, consisting of at least two plastic foils and between said foils one electric resistance element of wire or ribbon of metallic material lying in a first coil (heating coil) over the main part of the element surface to heat objects placed against the surface of the element, in which a second coil (sensor coil) of the same metallic material intended for temperature sensing is placed beside the heating coil, at a distance from this, covering a minor part of the element surface.

2. Heating device according to claim 1 where the distance between the heating coil and the sensor coil is such that the temperature at the sensor coil is mainly controlled by the heat transport through the foil to/from the heated object.

3. Heating device according to any of the previous claims comprising also a device which controls the effect supplied to the heating coil depending on the electric resistance of the sensor coil.

4. Heating device according to any of the previous claims in which the heating coil is divided into minimum two parts connected in series to each other and in which also the sensor coil is divided into minimum two parts connected in series to each other and in which also the sensor coil is divided into parts connected in series to each other where the division is made such that a certain part of the heating coil interacts with a corresponding part of the sensor coil.

5. Heating device according any of the previous claims in which the surface of the sensor coil is 10 - 40 % of the total surface of the sensor coil and the heating coil.