EP0224672A1 - Method for removing casting moulds, in particular ceramic moulds, from castings - Google Patents

Method for removing casting moulds, in particular ceramic moulds, from castings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224672A1
EP0224672A1 EP86113407A EP86113407A EP0224672A1 EP 0224672 A1 EP0224672 A1 EP 0224672A1 EP 86113407 A EP86113407 A EP 86113407A EP 86113407 A EP86113407 A EP 86113407A EP 0224672 A1 EP0224672 A1 EP 0224672A1
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Prior art keywords
casting
mold
shock waves
liquid
castings
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Granted
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EP86113407A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0224672B1 (en
Inventor
Gerold Dr. Heine
Joachim Stark
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Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH
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Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/001—Removing cores
    • B22D29/007—Removing cores by using explosive shock waves
    • B22D29/008—Removing cores by using explosive shock waves in a liquid medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and devices for carrying out the method for detaching, in particular, ceramic molds and / or cores of cast parts.
  • Investment casting technology is a widespread technique for producing machine parts and tools of almost any shape from metals.
  • the liquid material is given and solidified into workpiece-specific shapes made of special ceramics.
  • the ceramic molding compound is completely detached from the workpiece in several operations by knocking off the molding compound, sand and / or water jet cleaning and chemical cleaning. If the smallest molded parts or parts of a cast core remain in corners, recesses or cavities of the investment casting workpiece, this can have a disadvantageous effect on the use, for example with regard to the service life of the workpiece.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for performing the method with which molded parts or core parts can be easily and completely removed from castings.
  • This object is achieved in that according to the Solidify and cool the mold is introduced into a liquid, for example water, and the mold, cast part and core are sonicated with shock waves, as a result of which the mold material and the core material are completely detached from the cast part.
  • a liquid for example water
  • shock waves brittle materials can be broken up into the smallest fragments, so that a workpiece can be completely freed from the mold and the cores by introducing a series of shock waves.
  • the workpiece has orders of magnitude higher compressive strength and tensile strength than the molding material and the core materials. For this reason, the shock wave does not change the workpiece.
  • the surface finish of the workpieces and the accuracy of the workpiece dimensions, to which high demands are made in investment casting technology remain unchanged due to the sonication using shock waves, while mechanical influences (e.g. scraping) almost damage the surface and thus also result in a loss of accuracy are inevitable. For this reason, the process is particularly advantageous for investment casting technology. With other casting techniques - e.g. Gray cast iron technology - the application of the method is conceivable, but because of the lower demands on surface quality and accuracy in relation to the usual foundry, it can hardly be used economically.
  • Focused shock waves are preferably used for the gentle removal of the molding material and core material, a fixed focus generally being present in a liquid bath (oil or water) and the casting mold is tracked using a device in a water bath, so that all parts can be sonicated according to a sound system plan.
  • the casting mold with casting is located in the case of complicated workpieces, rotatable in gimbal suspension on a table within the water bath that can be moved in three degrees of freedom.
  • Computer-controlled, rotary and translatory actuators can move every point of the workpiece into focus and stay in focus for a shorter or longer time.
  • the single figure shows a cross-sectional view through a device for the treatment of castings by means of shock waves.
  • a mold 8 which contains a cast part 10, is located in a tub 2 on a table 6 provided with a recess 4.
  • the cast part is a cylindrical ring 12 which has a plurality of projections 16 extending beyond its jacket 14.
  • a core 20 which, like the mold 4, is to be removed.
  • a reflector 24 which is part of an ellipsoid of revolution.
  • a spark gap 25 which is operated by means of a spark generator 26, is arranged in the focus F1 of the reflector becomes.
  • a spark is triggered, a mechanical shock wave is generated, the duration of which is 500 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond.
  • the shock wave takes the course outlined by lines 28 and reaches focus F2 directly or after reflection on the wall of the ellipsoid of revolution.
  • pressure surges of, for example, 1000 to 2000 bar occur, which cause the mold 8 to flake off from the cast part 10.
  • both the mold 8 and the core 20 are separated from the cast part 10 without any remnants of the molded part or core sticking to the cast part and its surface quality and accuracy being unaffected. So that the shock waves can reach the workpiece and the second focus, the trough 2 and the reflector are filled with a liquid and there is a recess 4 in the table 6. The better the acoustic impedance (product of the density ⁇ and the speed of sound c) of the liquid and the Mold 8 match, the more effectively the shock waves reach the focus F2. Oils are preferably proposed as the coupling liquid, but the device can also be operated and functions in a water bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

In der Formengusstechnik können die Formen und Kerne mittels Stosswellen voneinander getrennt werden.

Figure imgaf001
In mold casting technology, the molds and cores can be separated from one another using shock waves.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und Einrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zum Ablösen insbesondere keramischen Gussformen und/oder Kernen von Gussteilen.The invention relates to a method and devices for carrying out the method for detaching, in particular, ceramic molds and / or cores of cast parts.

Eine weitverbreitete Technik zur Herstellung von nahezu beliebig geformten Maschinenteilen und Werkzeugen aus Metallen ist die Feingusstechnik. Dazu wird der flüssige Werkstoff in werkstück­spezifische Formen aus speziellen Keramiken gegeben und erstarrt. Nach dem Erkalten wird in mehreren Arbeitsgängen durch Abschlagen der Formmasse, Sand und/oder Wasserstrahlreinigung, chemische Reinigung die keramische Formmasse vollständig vom Werkstück gelöst. Verbleiben kleinste Formteile oder Teile eines Gusskerns in Ecken, Vertiefungen oder Hohlräumen des Feingusswerkstücks, so kann sich dies nachteilig auf die Verwendung, zum Beispiel hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer des Werkstücks auswirken.Investment casting technology is a widespread technique for producing machine parts and tools of almost any shape from metals. For this purpose, the liquid material is given and solidified into workpiece-specific shapes made of special ceramics. After cooling, the ceramic molding compound is completely detached from the workpiece in several operations by knocking off the molding compound, sand and / or water jet cleaning and chemical cleaning. If the smallest molded parts or parts of a cast core remain in corners, recesses or cavities of the investment casting workpiece, this can have a disadvantageous effect on the use, for example with regard to the service life of the workpiece.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, mit dem Formteile oder Kernteile mühelos und restlos von Gussteilen entfernt werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for performing the method with which molded parts or core parts can be easily and completely removed from castings.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass nach dem Erstarren und Abkühlen die Form mit dem Gussteil in eine Flüssigkeit, zum Beispiel Wasser, eingebracht wird und Form, Gussteil und Kern mit Stosswellen beschallt werden, wodurch der Gussformwerkstoff und der Kernwerkstoff vollständig vom Gussteil abgelöst werden.This object is achieved in that according to the Solidify and cool the mold is introduced into a liquid, for example water, and the mold, cast part and core are sonicated with shock waves, as a result of which the mold material and the core material are completely detached from the cast part.

Mittels Stosswellen lassen sich spröde Werkstoffe in kleinste Fragmente zertrümmern, sodass ein Werkstück durch die Einleitung einer Folge von Stosswellen völlig von der Gussform und den Kernen befreit werden kann. Das Werkstück besitzt um Grössenordnungen höhere Druckfestigkeit und Zugfestigkeit als das Formmaterial und die Kernwerkstoffe. Aus diesem Grund tritt eine Veränderung des Werkstücks durch die Stosswelle nicht auf. Das Oberflächenfinish der Werkstücke und die Genauigkeit der Werkstückabmessungen, an die in der Feingusstechnik hohe Anforderungen gestellt werden, bleiben durch die Beschallung mittels Stosswellen unverändert erhalten, während bei mechanischen Einwirkungen (z. B. Abkratzen) eine Verletzung der Oberfläche und damit auch ein Genauigkeitsverlust nahezu unvermeidlich sind. Aus diesem Grund ist das Verfahren auch besonders für die Feingusstechnik vorteilhaft. Bei anderen Gusstechniken - z.B. Graugusstechnik - ist die Anwendung des Verfahrens zwar denkbar, jedoch wegen geringerer Anforderungen an Oberflächengüte und Genauigkeit im Verhältnis zur üblichen Gussputzerei kaum wirtschaftlich einsetzbar.Using shock waves, brittle materials can be broken up into the smallest fragments, so that a workpiece can be completely freed from the mold and the cores by introducing a series of shock waves. The workpiece has orders of magnitude higher compressive strength and tensile strength than the molding material and the core materials. For this reason, the shock wave does not change the workpiece. The surface finish of the workpieces and the accuracy of the workpiece dimensions, to which high demands are made in investment casting technology, remain unchanged due to the sonication using shock waves, while mechanical influences (e.g. scraping) almost damage the surface and thus also result in a loss of accuracy are inevitable. For this reason, the process is particularly advantageous for investment casting technology. With other casting techniques - e.g. Gray cast iron technology - the application of the method is conceivable, but because of the lower demands on surface quality and accuracy in relation to the usual foundry, it can hardly be used economically.

Vorzugsweise werden fokussierte Stosswellen zum schonenden Entfernen des Formmaterials und Kernmaterials verwendet, wobei in der Regel in einem Flüssigkeitsbad (Öl oder Wasser) ein ortsfester Fokus vorhanden ist und die Gussform mittels einer Vorrichtung im Wasserbad nachgeführt wird, sodass alle Teile entsprechend einem Beschallungsplan beschallt werden können. Dazu befindet sich die Gussform mit Gussteil bei komplizierten Werkstücken drehbar in kardanischer Aufhängung auf einem in den drei Freiheitsgraden beweglichen Tisch innerhalb des Wasserbads. Computergesteuert kann mittels rotatorisch und translatorisch arbeitender Stellmotoren jeder Punkt des Werkstücks in den Fokus gefahren werden und kürzer oder länger im Fokus verweilen.Focused shock waves are preferably used for the gentle removal of the molding material and core material, a fixed focus generally being present in a liquid bath (oil or water) and the casting mold is tracked using a device in a water bath, so that all parts can be sonicated according to a sound system plan. For this purpose, the casting mold with casting is located in the case of complicated workpieces, rotatable in gimbal suspension on a table within the water bath that can be moved in three degrees of freedom. Computer-controlled, rotary and translatory actuators can move every point of the workpiece into focus and stay in focus for a shorter or longer time.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer Figur näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a figure.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht durch ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Gussteilen mittels Stosswellen.
In einer Wanne 2 befindet sich auf einem mit einer Aussparung 4 versehenen Tisch 6 eine Gussform 8, die ein Gussteil 10 enthält. Das Gussteil ist im Ausführungsbeispiel ein zylinderförmiger Ring 12, der mehrere über seinen Mantel 14 hinausreichende Vorsprünge 16 aufweist. In der Bohrung 18 des Zylinders 12 befindet sich ein Kern 20, der wie auch die Gussform 4 entfernt werden soll.The single figure shows a cross-sectional view through a device for the treatment of castings by means of shock waves.
A mold 8, which contains a cast part 10, is located in a tub 2 on a table 6 provided with a recess 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the cast part is a cylindrical ring 12 which has a plurality of projections 16 extending beyond its jacket 14. In the bore 18 of the cylinder 12 there is a core 20 which, like the mold 4, is to be removed.

Am Boden 22 der Wanne 2 befindet sich ein Reflektor 24, der ein Teil eines Rotationsellipsoids ist. Im Fokus F1 des Reflektors ist eine Funken­strecke 25 angeordnet, die mittels eines Funkengenerators 26 betrieben wird. Beim Auslösen eines Funkens entsteht eine mechanische Stosswelle, deren Dauer 500 Nanosekunden bis 1 Mikrosekunde beträgt. Die Stosswelle nimmt den durch die Linien 28 skizzierten Verlauf und gelangt direkt oder nach Reflektion an der Wand des Rotationsellipsoids zum Fokus F2. Im Fokus F2 treten Druckstösse von beispielsweise 1000 bis 2000 bar auf, die ein Abplatzen der Gussform 8 vom Gussteil 10 bewirken. Durch eine serielle Auslösung von Stosswellen und Nachführung der Grenzflächen des Bauteils in den Fokus werden sowohl Gussform 8 wie auch Kern 20 vom Gussteil 10 getrennt, ohne dass irgendwelche Reste des Formteils oder Kerns am Gussteil haften bleiben und dessen Oberflächengüte und Genauigkeit unbeeinflusst bleibt.
Damit die Stosswellen zum Werkstück und zweiten Fokus gelangen können sind die Wanne 2 und der Reflektor mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt und im Tisch 6 befindet sich eine Aussparung 4. Je besser akustische Impedanz (Produkt aus der Dichte ρ und der Schallgeschwindigkeit c) der Flüssigkeit und der Gussform 8 übereinstimmen, umso effektiver gelangen die Stosswellen zum Fokus F2. Als Koppelflüssigkeit werden vorzugsweise Öle vorgeschlagen, jedoch ist die Einrichtung auch im Wasserbad betreibbar und funktionsfähig.At the bottom 22 of the trough 2 there is a reflector 24, which is part of an ellipsoid of revolution. A spark gap 25, which is operated by means of a spark generator 26, is arranged in the focus F1 of the reflector becomes. When a spark is triggered, a mechanical shock wave is generated, the duration of which is 500 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond. The shock wave takes the course outlined by lines 28 and reaches focus F2 directly or after reflection on the wall of the ellipsoid of revolution. In the focus F2, pressure surges of, for example, 1000 to 2000 bar occur, which cause the mold 8 to flake off from the cast part 10. By serially triggering shock waves and tracking the interfaces of the component into focus, both the mold 8 and the core 20 are separated from the cast part 10 without any remnants of the molded part or core sticking to the cast part and its surface quality and accuracy being unaffected.
So that the shock waves can reach the workpiece and the second focus, the trough 2 and the reflector are filled with a liquid and there is a recess 4 in the table 6. The better the acoustic impedance (product of the density ρ and the speed of sound c) of the liquid and the Mold 8 match, the more effectively the shock waves reach the focus F2. Oils are preferably proposed as the coupling liquid, but the device can also be operated and functions in a water bath.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Ablösen von Gussformen und/oder Kernen von Gussteilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Erstarren und Abkühlen die Form (8) mit dem Gussteil (10) in eine Flüssigkeit eingebracht wird und Form, Gussteil und Kern mit Stosswellen beschallt werden, wodurch sich Gussform (8) und Kern (20) vom Gussteil (10) ablösen.1. A method for detaching casting molds and / or cores from castings, characterized in that after solidification and cooling, the mold (8) with the casting (10) is introduced into a liquid and the mold, casting and core are sonicated with shock waves, whereby the mold (8) and core (20) detach from the casting (10). 2. Verfahren zum Ablösen keramischer Gussformen von Gussteilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Erstarren und Abkühlen des Gussteils (10) die Form (8) und das Gussteil mit Stosswellen beschallt werden.2. Method for detaching ceramic molds from castings, characterized in that after the casting (10) has solidified and cooled, the mold (8) and the casting are sonicated with shock waves. 3. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 - 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Form und Gussteil mit fokussierten Stosswellen beaufschlagt werden.3. The method according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the mold and casting are subjected to focused shock waves. 4. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fokus der Stosswellen entlang der Grenzfläche Form-Gussteil nachgeführt wird.4. The method according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the focus of the shock waves is tracked along the mold-casting interface. 5. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Ecken und/oder Kanten mehrfach beschallt werden5. The method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that corners and / or edges are sonicated several times 6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Ansprüchen 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stosswellen mittels einer in einem Fokus eines Rotationsellipsoids befindlichen Funkenstrecke erzeugt werden.6. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the shock waves are generated by means of a spark gap located in a focus of an ellipsoid of revolution. 7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Ansprüchen 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stosswellen mittels Drahtentladung, elektromagnetisch, piezoelektrisch oder mittels Explosivladung erzeugt werden.7. Device for performing the method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the shock waves are generated by wire discharge, electromagnetic, piezoelectric or by means of explosive charge. 8. Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich Gussform mit Gussteil und Stosswellenquelle in einem flüssigkeitsgefüllten Raum befinden, wobei die Flüssigkeit eine Dichte ρ und eine Schallgeschwindigkeit c haben soll, sodass die akustische Impedanz ρ c der Flüssigkeit der akustischen Impedanz der keramischen Gussform möglichst nahe kommt.8. Device according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the casting mold with the casting and shock wave source are in a liquid-filled space, the liquid having a density ρ and a speed of sound c, so that the acoustic impedance ρ c of the liquid is the acoustic impedance of the ceramic mold comes as close as possible.
EP86113407A 1985-12-05 1986-09-30 Method for removing casting moulds, in particular ceramic moulds, from castings Expired - Lifetime EP0224672B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3543062 1985-12-05
DE3543062A DE3543062C1 (en) 1985-12-05 1985-12-05 Method and device for removing in particular ceramic molds from castings by means of shock waves

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EP0224672A1 true EP0224672A1 (en) 1987-06-10
EP0224672B1 EP0224672B1 (en) 1990-01-31

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EP (1) EP0224672B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62134164A (en)
DE (1) DE3543062C1 (en)

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GB2248569A (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-04-15 Copper Peel Jones Prod Making a casting using a frangible core

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US6390995B1 (en) 1997-02-12 2002-05-21 Healthtronics Surgical Services, Inc. Method for using acoustic shock waves in the treatment of medical conditions
US7275582B2 (en) * 1999-07-29 2007-10-02 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for heat treatment and sand removal for castings
US6655234B2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2003-12-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of manufacturing PDC cutter with chambers or passages
US6622775B2 (en) * 2000-05-10 2003-09-23 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting removal of sand moldings from castings
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MXPA05000375A (en) * 2002-07-11 2006-03-08 Cons Eng Co Inc Method and apparatus for assisting removal of sand moldings from castings.
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US7493965B1 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-02-24 Us Synthetic Corporation Apparatuses and methods relating to cooling a subterranean drill bit and/or at least one cutting element during use
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GB2248569A (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-04-15 Copper Peel Jones Prod Making a casting using a frangible core
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Publication number Publication date
US4802525A (en) 1989-02-07
EP0224672B1 (en) 1990-01-31
DE3543062C1 (en) 1987-05-14
JPS62134164A (en) 1987-06-17

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