EP0224489B1 - Preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents - Google Patents

Preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224489B1
EP0224489B1 EP85904576A EP85904576A EP0224489B1 EP 0224489 B1 EP0224489 B1 EP 0224489B1 EP 85904576 A EP85904576 A EP 85904576A EP 85904576 A EP85904576 A EP 85904576A EP 0224489 B1 EP0224489 B1 EP 0224489B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ring
preburning
gasifying
plant according
grid
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EP85904576A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0224489A1 (en
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Ernst Kainer
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pre-furnace combustion system for the combustion of solid combustible material with a high ash content, in particular of bark and chips, with a combustion chamber closed at the bottom by a grate, to which the combustible material is fed from above through a supply shaft, the combustion chamber being made of a jacket made of refractory material is surrounded, which is penetrated by a combustion channel connecting the combustion chamber with the downstream boiler, which has an opening for the supply of secondary air, and wherein in the jacket another opening, preferably closable by a control flap adjusted by the boiler, for the supply of primary air is provided under the grate.
  • a pre-furnace combustion system for the combustion of solid combustible material with a high ash content, in particular of bark and chips, with a combustion chamber closed at the bottom by a grate, to which the combustible material is fed from above through a supply shaft, the combustion chamber being made of a jacket made of refractory material is surrounded
  • a disadvantage of the known system is the fact that there is often bridging of the combustible material in the supply shaft and that the system can only be operated for a short time, approximately one hour, after which, owing to the large ash content and pollutant content of the combustible material, in particular Wood bark, the entire system needs to be cleaned. This work is tedious and uncomfortable to perform, apart from the fact that no heat is supplied to the central heating boiler during the cleaning period.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages described and to improve a pre-furnace combustion system of the type described in such a way that there are no bridges in the supply shaft and thus malfunctions of the combustion process, the efficiency or the utilization of the combustible components of the Firing good should be significantly improved.
  • the invention solves this problem in that a carburetor ring with a standing axis is arranged at a distance above the grate within the jacket and above the combustion channel, which carburetor ring has a cover surface inclined towards its central opening, a screw leading to this opening and this carburetor ring is rotatable about its axis by a drive, so that the screw conveys the material to be burned through the opening of the carburetor ring.
  • the worm preferably leads through the opening of the carburetor ring, as a result of which bridging in the carburetor ring is also avoided with certainty.
  • the worm itself can also be driven to rotate, however, for the sake of less effort, it is within the scope of the invention more favorable if the worm is fixed and is held at its upper end by a rod which lies within a hollow shaft connected to the carburetor ring is connected to the drive of the carburetor ring.
  • This arrangement is structurally particularly simple and effective.
  • the rod holding the worm and the hollow shaft support each other.
  • a periodic rotation of the carburetor ring is generally sufficient to reliably supply the firebox with fuel and to avoid bridging and to save energy.
  • the most favorable speed for rotating the carburetor ring can easily be achieved by means of a geared motor.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the carburetor ring can be raised and lowered to change its distance from the grate. In this way, the size of the combustion chamber can be adjusted, which brings another control option for the system, in addition to controlling the primary and secondary air supply, in particular from the draft regulator of the boiler.
  • the above-mentioned height adjustment of the carburetor ring can be carried out by raising or lowering the hollow shaft without any problems and with little energy expenditure.
  • the rotation of the carburetor ring can also be used for a further purpose: If, according to the invention, a grate cleaner is provided between the grate and the carburetor ring, which rotates relative to the grate, residues can be stripped from the grate by this rotation, so that the grate is less frequent needs to be cleaned.
  • the grate cleaner In front preferably the grate cleaner has at least one rod sliding over the grate.
  • the arrangement can be made in such a way that the grate cleaner has vertical drive rods which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in openings in the carburetor ring.
  • the rust cleaner is always reliably taken along when the carburetor ring is rotated and the height adjustment of the carburetor ring is still permitted at all times.
  • the grate can also be rotationally coupled to the carburetor ring, so that in normal operation the carburetor ring and grate rotate while the grate cleaner stops. According to a simple embodiment, this can be achieved in that the grate carries vertical drive rods which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in openings or circumferential grooves of the carburetor ring in order to enable the aforementioned height adjustment of the carburetor ring.
  • the worm extends in the lowest position of the carburetor ring by the stroke length of the carburetor ring into the hollow shaft.
  • effective worm threads are also available when the hollow shaft and thus the carburetor ring are raised.
  • the screw can easily consist of a metal band twisted about its longitudinal axis, which only has to consist of a correspondingly fire-resistant material.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 each show an embodiment variant in section similar to FIG. 1.
  • the system 1 has a storage shaft 4 for receiving the combustible material to be burned, which can be formed in particular from wood bark, sawdust, wood chips, but also from household waste (also moist, but without ceramic or metallic components).
  • the combustible material can optionally also be mixed with coal dust.
  • the supply shaft 4 is delimited by a housing 5 which widens upwards like a funnel and is closed at the top by a cover wall 6. At the front there is an opening 8, which can be closed by a filling door 7, for loading the supply shaft 4.
  • the housing 5 sits down in an annular jacket 9 made of refractory material, eg.
  • B. refractory concrete continues, which encloses a combustion chamber 10, in which the fired material is burned.
  • a combustion duct 11 passing through the casing 9 leads to the boiler 2, which combustion duct is also surrounded by a refractory casing 12 which is penetrated by an opening 13 for the supply of secondary air.
  • the opening 13 can be closed by a flap 14.
  • the combustion chamber 10 is closed off by a grate 15 which has circular openings for the ashes arranged around the axis of the combustion chamber 10 and which falls into an ash chamber 16 which is accessible through an opening 18 in the jacket 9 which can be closed by a cleaning door 17 .
  • a gasifier ring 19 is arranged within the circular shell 9 above the grate 15 at a distance therefrom, said carburetor ring 19 being concentric to the axis of the combustion chamber 10 and being rotatable about this axis.
  • the carburetor ring 19 is fastened by means of struts 20 to a hollow shaft 21 which extends upwards in the storage shaft 4 and is mounted in the top wall 6 so as to be longitudinally displaceable and rotatable.
  • This hollow shaft 21 is driven by a geared motor 22 for rotation, which is periodically switched on and off by a timer 23, so that the hollow shaft 21 and with it the carburetor ring 19 rotate intermittently.
  • the hollow shaft 21 there is a rod 24 which is suspended with its upper end on an attachment 25 of the geared motor 22. This suspension will be described later in connection with FIG. 4.
  • the rod 24 carries a screw 26, the lower end of which can be fastened to the grate 15, in particular when the screw 26 is stationary.
  • the hollow shaft 21 can be adjusted in height and adjusted in the set position by means of an adjusting mechanism (not shown), so that the height of the carburetor ring 19 in the jacket 9 and thus the height of the combustion chamber 10 below the carburetor ring 19 can be adjusted.
  • a grate cleaner 27 which has three rods 28 which slide over the grate 15 and which project outward in a star shape from a ring 29 surrounding the lower end of the screw 26.
  • the outer ends of these rods 28 carry upwardly projecting driver rods 30 which pass through openings 31 of the carburetor ring 19 and are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in these openings. In this way, when the carburetor ring 19 is rotated, the grate cleaner 27 is carried along for the rotary movement and scrubs the grate 15 free of impurities by means of the rods 28.
  • the primary air supply to the combustion chamber 10 takes place through the grate 15 from below, the air flowing through a channel 32 in the casing 9 and through the opening 18 to the ash chamber 16 or to the grate 15.
  • the upper end of the channel 32 can be closed by a flap 33.
  • the two flaps 14, 33 are controlled by the draft regulator 3 of the boiler 2 such that, depending on the boiler temperature, the flap 14 controlling the secondary air supply is closed and the flap 33 controlling the primary air supply is opened or vice versa.
  • the corresponding control lines 34 for this are indicated schematically by dashed lines.
  • the firing material introduced into the chute 4 through the filling opening 8 collects in the chute 4 above the carburetor ring 19.
  • the heat developed in the combustion chamber 10 and in the combustion channel 11 causes the jacket 9 and the carburetor ring 19, which is likewise made of refractory material, to reach a relatively high temperature brought, which causes not only a pre-drying of the firing material located in the storage shaft 4, but also a degassing of at least the parts of the firing material resting on the gasifier ring 19.
  • An additional preheating of the fired material takes place through the metallic screw 26, which conducts the heat from the combustion chamber 10 into the storage shaft 4.
  • the gases developed here are torn into the combustion channel 11 by the train exerted by the chimney via the central heating boiler 2 through the combustion channel 11 and burn there.
  • the air required for combustion is supplied through the primary air duct 32 and / or through the secondary air duct formed by the opening 13.
  • the strength of the combustion in the combustion chamber 10 can be regulated on the one hand by the aforementioned air supply from the draft regulator 3 of the boiler 2, and on the other hand by adjusting the height of the carburetor ring 19 in the form of spring tines 35 is moved at least intermittently, on the other hand the carburetor ring 19 forming a bearing surface for the combustible material rotates intermittently about its vertical axis, so that the combustible material passes into the combustion chamber 10 via the top surface 37 of the carburetor ring 19 inclined towards the central opening 36 thereof slips.
  • the carburetor ring 19 is provided with a collar 38 which extends downward from its opening 36 and which holds the combustible material sliding into the combustion chamber 10 together.
  • This collar 38 can be formed by a piece of pipe.
  • the screw 26 can be formed in a simple manner by means of a twisted metal band which pulls the fuel to be rotated into the opening 36 of the carburetor ring 19 when the carburetor ring 19 rotates.
  • the hollow shaft 21 can be designed with an enlarged diameter in its lowermost region, which receives this screw end.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially only in the design of the carburetor ring 19, the grate 15 and the grate cleaner 27.
  • the carburetor ring 19 consists of a hollow truncated cone, in particular of temperature-resistant metallic or ceramic material. This enlarges the combustion chamber 10 located under the carburetor ring 19 in the edge zones of the carburetor ring 19.
  • the grate 15 is pulled upwards in its edge areas, so that a trough-shaped depression for the burning material results in the middle.
  • the radial rods of the grate cleaner 27 are also raised in the edge area, so that the grate 15 is cleaned over its entire top surface.
  • the system can be provided with an additional screw which conveys the firing material from a large storage container outside the housing 5 into the latter. Protection against burn-back can be provided by a sprinkler system known per se.
  • Another advantageous design variant consists of hanging the grate 15 on the screw 26, but otherwise arranging it vertically in the jacket 9. This results in the possibility of lowering the grate 15 by means of the screw 26, for. B. if there is a larger residue mass on the grate that cannot be brought through the grate openings. When the grate is lowered, this residue can be removed through the cleaning door 17. The lowering of the grate also offers the possibility of causing an additional primary air supply above the grate 15.
  • the efficiency of the system according to the invention is considerably higher than that of the systems known to date. Except for the stirring movement and the movement of the rust cleaner, no consumption of external energy occurs, so that the energy consumption is very low, since it is sufficient to move the carburetor ring 19 or the rust cleaner 27 for a few seconds approximately every half hour.
  • the size of the burnup can be changed by at least 75% between the minimum and the maximum, so that the system can be operated for hot water preparation even in summer.
  • combustion duct 11 can be arranged over a further area with respect to the primary air opening 18. This allows the system to be better adapted to the prevailing circumstances.
  • the grate 15 rotates, whereas the grate cleaner 27 generally stands still.
  • the pot-shaped grate 15 is connected in a similar manner to the carburetor ring 19 by means of driving rods 30, as is shown for the grate cleaner 27 in FIG. 1.
  • the driving rods 30 slide longitudinally displaceably in vertical grooves 39 on the circumference of the carburetor ring 19, so that a height adjustment of the grate 15 with respect to the carburetor ring 19 is possible.
  • the grate 15 is in this case rotatably suspended from the central rod 24, the upper end of which is suspended on a housing 46 of the worm gear 47 by means of a friction clutch 64.
  • the rod 24 is fastened to a friction disk 40, which lies between two friction plates 41, which are supported by springs 42 are pressed against each other.
  • the springs 42 surround columns attached to the top wall of the housing 46, which at the same time secure the two friction plates 41 against rotation.
  • the grate cleaner 27 consists of a horizontal cross shaft 43 attached to the rod 24, around which two flaps 44 can be pivoted, each of which carries at its lower end a horizontal grate cleaner rod 28 which sweeps over the openings 15 of the grate 15 which widen downwards.
  • the rust cleaner flaps 44 can pivot about their horizontal transverse shaft 43 until the obstacle is removed again. In the event of a permanent obstacle, however, the cross shaft 43 is taken along by the flaps 44 for rotary movement of the grate 15 as soon as the frictional resistance between the friction disk 40 and the two friction plates 41 pressing it in is overcome.
  • the friction plates 41 there is an adjusting nut 45 on the outside of the hollow shaft 21 on a threaded part of the hollow shaft 21, which can be supported on the housing 46 of a worm gear 47, via which the hollow shaft 21 is driven by the geared motor 22 for rotary movement.
  • a height adjustment of the hollow shaft 21 and of the carburetor ring 19 suspended on it by means of the struts 20 is thereby possible.
  • the struts 20 carry spring tines 35 pointing obliquely upward into the supply shaft 4.
  • the supply shaft 4 is delimited by a sheet metal housing 5 which is seated within a clamping ring 48 which has several sectors of a ring 49 made of mineral material, e.g. B.
  • a vertical smoldering gas channel 55 runs in the supply shaft 4 from the uppermost region of the supply shaft 4 to a horizontal channel 56 in the concrete jacket 9.
  • This channel 56 leads from an inlet opening 57 for fresh air to the combustion chamber 10 above the grate 15.
  • this channel 56 there is a heat shield plate 66.
  • a duct 58 branches off from the duct 56, through which the fresh air is fed to the ash chamber 16 below the grate 15, the fresh air being heated by the heat shield plate 66.
  • the combustion chamber 10 is accessible through the channel 56.
  • the concrete jacket 9 is surrounded by an insulating jacket 59, which in turn is surrounded on the outside by a cavity 60.
  • This cavity 60 has an inlet opening 61 for fresh air and is connected to a recess 62 which is formed above the combustion channel 11 in the stone ring 49.
  • This recess 62 is connected to the combustion channel 11 via a vertical channel 63.
  • the flap 33 is provided, which is adjusted by the draft regulator 3 of the boiler. A similar regulation can be provided for the air inlet opening 61.
  • primary air can be supplied both to the area above the grate 15 and to the area below the same, e.g. B. if a small opening, not shown, is provided in the heat shield plate 66. Since the lowest area of the carburetor ring 19 is close to the combustion chamber 10, the carburetor ring there is very hot, so that the combustible material is already igniting on it. The carburetor ring 19 becomes colder towards the top, but degasses the material. In the uppermost area of the carburetor ring 19 and in the area of the stone ring 49, the fired material is dried and, if appropriate, also degassed.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is particularly suitable for large systems because of the large cross section of the storage shaft 4.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT85/00030 Sec. 371 Date May 19, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date May 19, 1986 PCT Filed Sep. 16, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/01874 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 27, 1986.The preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents, particularly barks or cut wood chips, is comprised of a hearth (10) downwardly delimited by a grid (15), supplied with fuel material by a hopper (6). The hearth (10) communicates with the boiler (2) by a combustion channel (11). Inside the cladding (9) and above the combustion channel (11), a vertical axis ring (19) is arranged above the grid (15) for fuel material degassing purposes. The ring is rotatingly driven, preferably periodically, so that an endless screw (26) conveys the fuel material to the hearth (10).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorofenverbrennungsanlage zur Verbrennung festen Brenngutes mit hohem Aschenanteil, insbesondere von Rinde und Hackschnitzeln, mit einem unten durch einen Rost abgeschlossenen Feuerraum, dem das Brenngut von oben durch einen Vorratsschacht zugeführt wird, wobei der Feuerraum von einem Mantel aus feuerfestem Material umgeben ist, der von einem den Feuerraum mit dem nachgeschalteten Kessel verbindenden Brennkanal durchsetzt ist, der eine Öffnung für die Zufuhr von Sekundärluft hat, und wobei im Mantel eine weitere, vorzugsweise durch eine vom Kessel verstellte Regelklappe verschliessbare, Öffnung für die Zufu hr von Primärluft unter den Rost vorgesehen ist. Eine derartige Anlage ist nach der GB-A-2 117 876 bekannt.The invention relates to a pre-furnace combustion system for the combustion of solid combustible material with a high ash content, in particular of bark and chips, with a combustion chamber closed at the bottom by a grate, to which the combustible material is fed from above through a supply shaft, the combustion chamber being made of a jacket made of refractory material is surrounded, which is penetrated by a combustion channel connecting the combustion chamber with the downstream boiler, which has an opening for the supply of secondary air, and wherein in the jacket another opening, preferably closable by a control flap adjusted by the boiler, for the supply of primary air is provided under the grate. Such a system is known from GB-A-2 117 876.

Es ist bekannt, dass sich verschiedene Brennstoffe mit hohem Aschenanteil, insbesondere Holzrinde, Hackschnitzel aus Sägewerken und der Landwirtschaft, aber auch feuchter Hausmüll, in normalen Zentralheizungskesseln nicht verbrennen lassen, weil derVerbrennungsraum infolgeder dauernden Kühlung durch das in seinem Mantel strömende Wärmeträgermedium (Wasser) nicht auf die für die Verbrennung derartigen Brenngutes nötige Temperatur gebracht werden kann. Für die Verbrennung solchen Brenngutes ist daher eine Vorofenverbrennungsanlage der eingangs geschilderten Art bekanntgeworden, die mit ihrem Brennkanal an den Feuerraum des Zentralheizungskessels angeschlossen wird, der als Wärmetauscher dient. Nachteilig an der bekannten Anlage ist jedoch der Umstand, dass es häufig zu Brükkenbildungen des Brenngutes im Vorratsschacht kommt und dass die Anlage nur kurze Zeit, etwa eine Stunde, in Betrieb gehalten werden kann, wonach infolge des grossen Aschenanteiles und Schadstoffgehaltes des Brenngutes, insbesondere von Holzrinde, die gesamte Anlage geputzt werden muss. Diese Arbeit ist mühsam und unangenehm durchzuführen, abgesehen davon, dass während der Putzzeit dem Zentralheizungskessel keine Wärme zugeführt wird.It is known that various fuels with a high ash content, in particular wood bark, wood chips from sawmills and agriculture, but also damp household waste, cannot be burned in normal central heating boilers because the combustion chamber cannot be burned due to the constant cooling caused by the heat transfer medium (water) flowing in its jacket can be brought to the temperature necessary for the combustion of such combustible material. For the combustion of such combustible goods, therefore, a pre-furnace combustion system of the type described above has become known, which is connected with its combustion channel to the combustion chamber of the central heating boiler, which serves as a heat exchanger. A disadvantage of the known system, however, is the fact that there is often bridging of the combustible material in the supply shaft and that the system can only be operated for a short time, approximately one hour, after which, owing to the large ash content and pollutant content of the combustible material, in particular Wood bark, the entire system needs to be cleaned. This work is tedious and uncomfortable to perform, apart from the fact that no heat is supplied to the central heating boiler during the cleaning period.

Die Erfindung setzt sich zur Aufgabe, die geschilderten Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine Vorofenverbrennungsanlage der eingangs geschilderten Art so zu verbessern, dass es nicht zu Brückenbildungen im Vorratsschacht und damit zu Störungen des Verbrennungsvorganges kommt, wobei auch der Wirkungsgrad bzw. die Ausnützung der brennbaren Bestandteile des Brenngutes wesentlich verbessert werden soll. Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass innerhalb des Mantels und oberhalb des Brennkanals ein Vergaserring mit stehender Achse im Abstand oberhalb des Rostes angeordnet ist, welcher Vergaserring eine gegen seine mittige Öffnung geneigte Deckfläche hat, wobei zu dieser Öffnung eine Schnecke führt und wobei dieser Vergaserring um seine Achse durch einen Antrieb drehbar ist, so dass die Schnecke das Brenngut durch die Öffnung des Vergaserringes fördert. Durch diese Relativbewegung von Vergaserring und Schnecke wird das am Vergaserring über eine verhältnismässig grosse Fläche aufruhende Brenngut verlässlich zur Drehbewegung mitgenommen und durch die Schnecke in den Feuerraum gefördert, so dass das oberhalb des Vergaserringes im Vorratsschacht befindliche Brenngut aufgelockert wird, Brückenbildungen zerstört werden und das Brenngut verlässlich dem Feuerraum zugeführt wird. Dadurch befindet sich im Feuerraum stets eine ausreichende Menge an Brenngut, um den Abbrand im gewünschten Masse aufrechtzuerhalten. Dadurch wird nicht nur vermieden, dass das Feuer im Feuerraum ausgeht, sondern es werden auch der Feuerraum bzw. seine Wände stets auf der für den Verbrennungsvorgang nötigen Temperatur gehalten, was gerade für die Verbrennung problematischen Brenngutes, insbesondere Holzrinde, von Wichtigkeit ist. Vorzugsweise führt die Schnecke durch die Öffnung des Vergaserringes hindurch, wodurch auch Brückenbildungen im Vergaserring mit Sicherheit vermieden werden. Die Schnecke selbst kann ebenfalls zur Drehung angetrieben sein, jedoch ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung aus Gründen eines geringeren Aufwandes günstiger, wenn die Schnecke feststeht und an ihrem oberen Ende durch einen Stab gehalten ist, der innerhalb einer mit dem Vergaserring verbundenen Hohlwelle liegt, die mit dem Antrieb des Vergaserringes in Verbindung steht. Diese Anordnung ist konstruktiv besonders einfach und wirksam. Der die Schnecke haltende Stab und die Hohlwelle stützen sich gegenseitig ab. Eine periodische Drehung des Vergaserringes reicht im allgemeinen zur verlässlichen Versorgung des Feuerraumes mit Brenngut und zur Vermeidung einer Brückenbildung aus und spart Energie. Durch einen Getriebemotor lässt sich die günstigste Drehzahl für die Drehung des Vergaserringes leicht erzielen.The invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages described and to improve a pre-furnace combustion system of the type described in such a way that there are no bridges in the supply shaft and thus malfunctions of the combustion process, the efficiency or the utilization of the combustible components of the Firing good should be significantly improved. The invention solves this problem in that a carburetor ring with a standing axis is arranged at a distance above the grate within the jacket and above the combustion channel, which carburetor ring has a cover surface inclined towards its central opening, a screw leading to this opening and this carburetor ring is rotatable about its axis by a drive, so that the screw conveys the material to be burned through the opening of the carburetor ring. Through this relative movement of the carburetor ring and the screw, the firing material resting on the carburetor ring over a relatively large area is reliably taken to the rotary movement and conveyed through the screw into the combustion chamber, so that the firing material located above the carburetor ring in the supply shaft is loosened, bridges are destroyed and the firing material is reliably fed into the combustion chamber. As a result, there is always a sufficient amount of firing material in the firebox to maintain the burn-up to the desired extent. This not only prevents the fire from going out in the firebox, but also keeps the firebox or its walls at the temperature required for the combustion process, which is particularly important for the combustion of problematic items to be burned, in particular wood bark. The worm preferably leads through the opening of the carburetor ring, as a result of which bridging in the carburetor ring is also avoided with certainty. The worm itself can also be driven to rotate, however, for the sake of less effort, it is within the scope of the invention more favorable if the worm is fixed and is held at its upper end by a rod which lies within a hollow shaft connected to the carburetor ring is connected to the drive of the carburetor ring. This arrangement is structurally particularly simple and effective. The rod holding the worm and the hollow shaft support each other. A periodic rotation of the carburetor ring is generally sufficient to reliably supply the firebox with fuel and to avoid bridging and to save energy. The most favorable speed for rotating the carburetor ring can easily be achieved by means of a geared motor.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Hohlwelle im Vorratsraum mitseitlich abstehenden Vorsprüngen, z. B. Federzinken, versehen ist. Diese Vorsprünge lockern das Brenngut im Vorratsschacht auf und tragen zur Vermeidung einer Brückenbildung des Brenngutes bei.An advantageous development of the invention is that the hollow shaft in the storage space with protruding projections, z. B. spring tines is provided. These projections loosen the firing material in the supply shaft and help prevent bridging of the firing material.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass der Vergaserring zur Veränderung seines Abstandes vom Rost heb- und senkbar ist. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Grösse des Feuerraumes verstellen, was für die Anlage eine weitere Steuermöglichkeit bringt, zusätzlich zur Steuerung der Primär- und Sekundärluftzufuhr, insbesondere vom Zugregler des Heizkessels aus. Die erwähnte Höhenverstellung des Vergaserringes lässt sich durch Anheben bzw. Absenken der Hohlwelle problemlos und mit geringem Energieaufwand durchführen.A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the carburetor ring can be raised and lowered to change its distance from the grate. In this way, the size of the combustion chamber can be adjusted, which brings another control option for the system, in addition to controlling the primary and secondary air supply, in particular from the draft regulator of the boiler. The above-mentioned height adjustment of the carburetor ring can be carried out by raising or lowering the hollow shaft without any problems and with little energy expenditure.

Die Drehung des Vergaserringes lässt sich aber auch noch für einen weiteren Zweck ausnützen: Wenn erfindungsgemäss zwischen Rost und Vergaserring ein Rostputzer vorgesehen ist, der sich relativ zum Rost dreht, so lassen sich durch diese Drehung Rückstände vom Rost abstreifen, so dass der Rost weniger oft gereinigt werden muss. Vorzugsweise weist hiebei der Rostputzer zumindest einen über den Rost gleitenden Stab auf. Die Anordnung kann hiebei so getroffen sein, dass der Rostputzer vertikale Mitnehmerstäbe hat, die in Öffnungen des Vergaserringes längsverschieblich geführt sind. Durch diese einfache Konstruktion wird stets eine verlässliche Mitnahme des Rostputzers bei Drehung des Vergaserringes geschaffen und dennoch die Höhenverstellung des Vergaserringes allzeit zugelassen. Es kann jedoch auch der Rost mit dem Vergaserring drehschlüssig gekuppelt sein, so dass also im Normalbetrieb sich Vergaserring und Rost drehen, der Rostputzer hingegen stillsteht. Gemäss einer einfachen Ausbildungsform lässt sich dies dadurch erzielen, dass der Rost vertikale Mitnehmerstäbe trägt, die in Öffnungen oder Umfangsnuten des Vergaserringes längsverschieblich geführt sind, um die erwähnte Höhenverstellung des Vergaserringes zu ermöglichen. Um zu erreichen, dass auch in der höchsten Stellung des Vergaserringes, also bei grösstem Feuerraum, die Schnecke voll wirksam ist, erstreckt sich gemäss einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die Schnecke in der tiefsten Stellung des Vergaserringes um die Hublänge des Vergaserringes in die Hohlwelle hinein. Auf diese Weise stehen auch dann wirksame Schneckengänge zur Verfügung, wenn die Hohlwelle und damit der Vergaserring angehoben werden. Die Schnecke kann in einfacher Weise aus einem um seine Längsachse verwundenen Metallband bestehen, welches lediglich aus einem entsprechend feuerbeständigen Material bestehen muss.The rotation of the carburetor ring can also be used for a further purpose: If, according to the invention, a grate cleaner is provided between the grate and the carburetor ring, which rotates relative to the grate, residues can be stripped from the grate by this rotation, so that the grate is less frequent needs to be cleaned. In front preferably the grate cleaner has at least one rod sliding over the grate. The arrangement can be made in such a way that the grate cleaner has vertical drive rods which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in openings in the carburetor ring. Due to this simple construction, the rust cleaner is always reliably taken along when the carburetor ring is rotated and the height adjustment of the carburetor ring is still permitted at all times. However, the grate can also be rotationally coupled to the carburetor ring, so that in normal operation the carburetor ring and grate rotate while the grate cleaner stops. According to a simple embodiment, this can be achieved in that the grate carries vertical drive rods which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in openings or circumferential grooves of the carburetor ring in order to enable the aforementioned height adjustment of the carburetor ring. In order to ensure that the worm is fully effective even in the highest position of the carburetor ring, i.e. in the largest combustion chamber, according to a further feature of the invention, the worm extends in the lowest position of the carburetor ring by the stroke length of the carburetor ring into the hollow shaft. In this way, effective worm threads are also available when the hollow shaft and thus the carburetor ring are raised. The screw can easily consist of a metal band twisted about its longitudinal axis, which only has to consist of a correspondingly fire-resistant material.

Weitere Kennzeichen und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen des Erfindungsgegenstandes, die in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt sind. Fig. 1 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Fig. 2 ist ein Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1. Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen je eine Ausführungsvariante im Schnitt ähnlich Fig. 1.Further characteristics and advantages of the invention result from the description of exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention, which are shown schematically in the drawing. Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1. FIGS. 3 and 4 each show an embodiment variant in section similar to FIG. 1.

Die Vorofenverbrennungsanlage 1 nach den Fig.1 und 2 ist einemZentraiheizungskessef 2 vorgeschaltet und wird vom Zugregler 3 desselben auf später noch näher beschriebene Weise gesteuert. Die Anlage 1 weist einen Vorratsschacht 4 zur Aufnahme des zu verbrennenden Brenngutes auf, das insbesondere von Holzrinde, Sägespänen, Hackschnitzeln, aber auch von Hausmüll (auch feucht, jedoch ohne keramische oder metallische Anteile) gebildet sein kann. Das Brenngut kann gegebenenfalls zusätzlich mit Kohlenstaub vermischt sein. Der Vorratsschacht 4 ist von einem sich nach oben trichterartig erweiternden Gehäuse 5 begrenzt, das oben durch eine Deckwand 6 abgeschlossen ist. An der Vorderseite befindet sich eine durch eine Fülltüre 7 verschliessbare Öffnung 8 für die Beschickung des Vorratsschachtes 4. Das Gehäuse 5 setzt sich nach unten in einen kreisringförmigen Mantel 9 aus feuerfestem Material, z. B. Feuerfestbeton, fort, der einen Feuerraum 10 umschliesst, in welchem das Brenngut verbrannt wird. Vom Feuerraum 10 führt ein den Mantel 9 durchsetzender Brennkanal 11 zum Kessel 2, welcher Brennkanal ebenfalls von einer feuerfesten Ummantelung 12 umgeben ist, die von einer Öffnung 13 für die Zufuhr von Sekundärluft durchsetzt ist. Die Öffnung 13 ist durch eine Klappe 14 verschliessbar.1 and 2 is connected upstream of a central heating boiler 2 and is controlled by the draft regulator 3 of the same in a manner described in more detail later. The system 1 has a storage shaft 4 for receiving the combustible material to be burned, which can be formed in particular from wood bark, sawdust, wood chips, but also from household waste (also moist, but without ceramic or metallic components). The combustible material can optionally also be mixed with coal dust. The supply shaft 4 is delimited by a housing 5 which widens upwards like a funnel and is closed at the top by a cover wall 6. At the front there is an opening 8, which can be closed by a filling door 7, for loading the supply shaft 4. The housing 5 sits down in an annular jacket 9 made of refractory material, eg. B. refractory concrete continues, which encloses a combustion chamber 10, in which the fired material is burned. From the combustion chamber 10, a combustion duct 11 passing through the casing 9 leads to the boiler 2, which combustion duct is also surrounded by a refractory casing 12 which is penetrated by an opening 13 for the supply of secondary air. The opening 13 can be closed by a flap 14.

Nach unten ist der Feuerraum 10 durch einen Rost 15 abgeschlossen, der kreisbogenförmig um die Achse des Feuerraumes 10 herum angeordnete Durchtrittsöffnungen für die Asche aufweist, die in einen Aschenraum 16 fällt, der durch eine mittels einer Putztüre 17 verschliessbare Öffnung 18 im Mantel 9 zugänglich ist.At the bottom, the combustion chamber 10 is closed off by a grate 15 which has circular openings for the ashes arranged around the axis of the combustion chamber 10 and which falls into an ash chamber 16 which is accessible through an opening 18 in the jacket 9 which can be closed by a cleaning door 17 .

Innerhalb des kreisrunden Mantels 9 ist oberhalb des Rostes 15 im Abstand von diesem ein Vergaserring 19 angeordnet, der konzentrisch zur Achse des Feuerraumes 10 ausgebildet und um diese Achse drehbar ist. Hiezu ist der Vergaserring 19 mittels Streben 20 an einer Hohlwelle 21 befestigt, die sich im Vorratsschacht 4 nach oben erstreckt und in der Deckwand 6 längsverschiebbar und drehbar gelagert ist. Diese Hohlwelle 21 wird von einem Getriebemotor 22 zur Drehung angetrieben, der von einer Schaltuhr 23 periodisch aus-und eingeschaltet wird, so dass sich die Hohlwelle 21 und mit ihr der Vergaserring 19 intermittierend drehen. Innerhalb der Hohlwelle 21 liegt eine Stange 24, die mit ihrem oberen Ende an einem Aufsatz 25 des Getriebemotors 22 aufgehängt ist. Diese Aufhängung wird im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 4 später näher beschrieben. An ihrem unteren Ende trägt die Stange 24 eine Schnecke 26, deren unteres Ende am Rost 15 befestigt sein kann, insbesondere dann, wenn die Schnecke 26 stillsteht. Die Hohlwelle 21 ist mittels eines nicht dargestellten Verstellgetriebes höhenverstellbar und in der eingestellten Lage verstellbar, so dass die Höhenlage des Vergaserringes 19 im Mantel 9 und damit die Höhe des unterhalb des Vergaserringes 19 liegenden Feuerraumes 10 eingestellt werden kann.A gasifier ring 19 is arranged within the circular shell 9 above the grate 15 at a distance therefrom, said carburetor ring 19 being concentric to the axis of the combustion chamber 10 and being rotatable about this axis. For this purpose, the carburetor ring 19 is fastened by means of struts 20 to a hollow shaft 21 which extends upwards in the storage shaft 4 and is mounted in the top wall 6 so as to be longitudinally displaceable and rotatable. This hollow shaft 21 is driven by a geared motor 22 for rotation, which is periodically switched on and off by a timer 23, so that the hollow shaft 21 and with it the carburetor ring 19 rotate intermittently. Within the hollow shaft 21 there is a rod 24 which is suspended with its upper end on an attachment 25 of the geared motor 22. This suspension will be described later in connection with FIG. 4. At its lower end, the rod 24 carries a screw 26, the lower end of which can be fastened to the grate 15, in particular when the screw 26 is stationary. The hollow shaft 21 can be adjusted in height and adjusted in the set position by means of an adjusting mechanism (not shown), so that the height of the carburetor ring 19 in the jacket 9 and thus the height of the combustion chamber 10 below the carburetor ring 19 can be adjusted.

Oberhalb des Rostes 15 liegt auf diesem ein Rostputzer 27, der drei über den Rost 15 gleitende Stäbe 28 aufweist, die von einem das untere Ende der Schnecke 26 umgebenden Ring 29 sternförmig nach aussen abstehen. Die äusseren Enden dieser Stäbe 28 tragen nach oben ragende Mitnehmerstäbe 30, die Öffnungen 31 des Vergaserringes 19 durchsetzen und in diesen Öffnungen längsverschieblich geführt sind. Auf diese Weise wird der Rostputzer 27 bei einer Drehung des Vergaserringes 19 zur Drehbewegung mitgenommen und scheuert mittels der Stäbe 28 den Rost 15 von Verunreinigungen frei.Above the grate 15 there is a grate cleaner 27 which has three rods 28 which slide over the grate 15 and which project outward in a star shape from a ring 29 surrounding the lower end of the screw 26. The outer ends of these rods 28 carry upwardly projecting driver rods 30 which pass through openings 31 of the carburetor ring 19 and are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in these openings. In this way, when the carburetor ring 19 is rotated, the grate cleaner 27 is carried along for the rotary movement and scrubs the grate 15 free of impurities by means of the rods 28.

Die Primärluftzufuhr zum Feuerraum 10 erfolgt durch den Rost 15 von unten, wobei die Luft durch einen Kanal 32 im Mantel 9 und durch die Öffnung 18 zum Aschenraum 16 bzw. zum Rost 15 strömt. Das obere Ende des Kanales 32 ist durch eine Klappe 33 verschliessbar. Die beiden Klappen 14, 33 werden vom Zugregler 3 des Kessels 2 derart gesteuert, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Kesseltemperatur die die Sekundärluftzufuhr steuernde Klappe 14 geschlossen und die die Primärluftzufuhr steuernde Klappe 33 geöffnet wird oder umgekehrt. Die entsprechenden Steuerleitungen 34 hiefür sind strichliert schematisch angedeutet.The primary air supply to the combustion chamber 10 takes place through the grate 15 from below, the air flowing through a channel 32 in the casing 9 and through the opening 18 to the ash chamber 16 or to the grate 15. The upper end of the channel 32 can be closed by a flap 33. The two flaps 14, 33 are controlled by the draft regulator 3 of the boiler 2 such that, depending on the boiler temperature, the flap 14 controlling the secondary air supply is closed and the flap 33 controlling the primary air supply is opened or vice versa. The corresponding control lines 34 for this are indicated schematically by dashed lines.

Das durch die Füllöffnung 8 in den Vorratsschacht 4 eingebrachte Brenngut sammelt sich im Vorratsschacht 4 oberhalb des Vergaserringes 19. Durch die im Feuerraum 10 und im Brennkanal 11 entwickelte Wärme wird der Mantel 9 und der gleichfalls aus feuerfestem Material bestehende Vergaserring 19 auf eine verhältnismässig hohe Temperatur gebracht, die nicht nur eine Vortrocknung des im Vorratsschacht 4 befindlichen Brenngutes bewirkt, sondern auch eine Entgasung zumindest der am Vergaserring 19 aufruhenden Brenngutpartien. Eine zusätzliche Vorwärmung des Brenngutes erfolgt durch die metallische Schnecke 26, welche die Wärme aus dem Feuerraum 10 in den Vorratsschacht 4 leitet. Die hiebei entwickelten Gase werden durch den vom Kamin über den Zentralheizungskessel 2 durch den Brennkanal 11 ausgeübten Zug in den Brennkanal 11 gerissen und verbrennen dort. Die zur Verbrennung nötige Luft wird durch den Primärluftkanal 32 und bzw. oder durch den von der Öffnung 13 gebildeten Sekundärluftkanal zugeführt. Die Stärke der Verbrennung im Feuerraum 10 lässt sich einerseits durch die erwähnte Luftzufuhr vom Zugregler 3 des Kessels 2 regeln, anderseits durch Höhenverstellung des Vergaserringes 19. Brükkenbildungen des Brenngutes imVorratsschacht4 werden sicher dadurch vermieden, dass das Brenngut einerseits durch von der Hohlwelle 21 horizontal wegstehende Vorsprünge in Form von Federzinken 35 zumindest intermittierend bewegt wird, anderseits der eine Auflagefläche für das Brenngut bildende Vergaserring 19 sich intermittierend um seine vertikale Achse dreht, so dass das Brenngut über die gegen die mittige Öffnung 36 des Vergaserringes 19 geneigte Deckfläche 37 desselben in den Feuerraum 10 rutscht. Um dort das Brenngut möglichst gehäuft beisammen zu halten, ist der Vergaserring 19 mit einem von seiner Öffnung 36 nach unten ausgehenden Kragen 38 versehen, der das in den Feuerraum 10 rutschende Brenngut zusammenhält. Dieser Kragen 38 kann von einem Rohrstück gebildet sein.The firing material introduced into the chute 4 through the filling opening 8 collects in the chute 4 above the carburetor ring 19. The heat developed in the combustion chamber 10 and in the combustion channel 11 causes the jacket 9 and the carburetor ring 19, which is likewise made of refractory material, to reach a relatively high temperature brought, which causes not only a pre-drying of the firing material located in the storage shaft 4, but also a degassing of at least the parts of the firing material resting on the gasifier ring 19. An additional preheating of the fired material takes place through the metallic screw 26, which conducts the heat from the combustion chamber 10 into the storage shaft 4. The gases developed here are torn into the combustion channel 11 by the train exerted by the chimney via the central heating boiler 2 through the combustion channel 11 and burn there. The air required for combustion is supplied through the primary air duct 32 and / or through the secondary air duct formed by the opening 13. The strength of the combustion in the combustion chamber 10 can be regulated on the one hand by the aforementioned air supply from the draft regulator 3 of the boiler 2, and on the other hand by adjusting the height of the carburetor ring 19 in the form of spring tines 35 is moved at least intermittently, on the other hand the carburetor ring 19 forming a bearing surface for the combustible material rotates intermittently about its vertical axis, so that the combustible material passes into the combustion chamber 10 via the top surface 37 of the carburetor ring 19 inclined towards the central opening 36 thereof slips. In order to keep the combustible material together there as much as possible, the carburetor ring 19 is provided with a collar 38 which extends downward from its opening 36 and which holds the combustible material sliding into the combustion chamber 10 together. This collar 38 can be formed by a piece of pipe.

Die Schnecke 26 lässt sich in einfacher Weise durch ein verwundenes Metallband ausbilden, welches das bei der Drehung des Vergaserringes 19 zur Drehbewegung mitgenommene Brenngut in die Öffnung 36 des Vergaserringes 19 zieht. Um das obere Ende der Schnecke 26 besser aufnehmen zu können, kann die Hohlwelle 21 in ihrem untersten, dieses Schneckenende aufnehmenden Bereich mit vergrössertem Durchmesser ausgebildet sein.The screw 26 can be formed in a simple manner by means of a twisted metal band which pulls the fuel to be rotated into the opening 36 of the carburetor ring 19 when the carburetor ring 19 rotates. In order to be able to better accommodate the upper end of the screw 26, the hollow shaft 21 can be designed with an enlarged diameter in its lowermost region, which receives this screw end.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 unterscheidet sich von jener nach den Fig. 1 und 2 im wesentlichen nur in der Ausbildung des Vergaserringes 19, des Rostes 15 und des Rostputzers 27. Der Vergaserring 19 besteht gemäss Fig. 3 aus einem Hohlkegelstumpf, insbesondere aus temperaturfestem metallischen oder keramischen Material. Dies vergrössert den unter dem Vergaserring 19 liegenden Feuerraum 10 in den Randzonen des Vergaserringes 19. In ähnlicher Weise ist der Rost 15 in seinen Randbereichen nach oben hochgezogen, so dass sich in der Mitte eine muldenförmige Vertiefung für das brennende Gut ergibt. Dementsprechend sind auch die radialen Stäbe des Rostputzers 27 im Randbereich hochgezogen, so dass der Rost 15 über seine gesamte Deckfläche geputzt wird.The embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially only in the design of the carburetor ring 19, the grate 15 and the grate cleaner 27. According to FIG. 3, the carburetor ring 19 consists of a hollow truncated cone, in particular of temperature-resistant metallic or ceramic material. This enlarges the combustion chamber 10 located under the carburetor ring 19 in the edge zones of the carburetor ring 19. Similarly, the grate 15 is pulled upwards in its edge areas, so that a trough-shaped depression for the burning material results in the middle. Accordingly, the radial rods of the grate cleaner 27 are also raised in the edge area, so that the grate 15 is cleaned over its entire top surface.

Die Anlage kann mit einer zusätzlichen Schnekke versehen sein, die das Brenngut von einem grossen Vorratsbehälter ausserhalb des Gehäuses 5 in dieses hineinfördert. Eine Absicherung gegen Rückbrand kann durch eine an sich bekannte Sprinkleranlage erfolgen.The system can be provided with an additional screw which conveys the firing material from a large storage container outside the housing 5 into the latter. Protection against burn-back can be provided by a sprinkler system known per se.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Konstruktionsvariante besteht darin, den Rost 15 an der Schnecke 26 aufzuhängen, im übrigen aber höhenbeweglich im Mantel 9 anzuordnen. Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den Rost 15 mittels der Schnecke 26 abzusenken, z. B. dann, wenn auf dem Rost eine grössere Rückstandsmasse liegt, die durch die Rostöffnungen nicht hindurchzubringen ist. Bei abgesenktem Rost kann dieser Rückstand durch die Putztüre 17 entnommen werden. Die Absenkung des Rostes bietet auch die Möglichkeit, eine zusätzliche Primärluftzufuhr oberhalb des Rostes 15 zu bewirken.Another advantageous design variant consists of hanging the grate 15 on the screw 26, but otherwise arranging it vertically in the jacket 9. This results in the possibility of lowering the grate 15 by means of the screw 26, for. B. if there is a larger residue mass on the grate that cannot be brought through the grate openings. When the grate is lowered, this residue can be removed through the cleaning door 17. The lowering of the grate also offers the possibility of causing an additional primary air supply above the grate 15.

Der Wirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemässen Anlage ist gegenüber den bisher bekannten Anlagen wesentlich höher. Bis auf die Umrührbewegung und die Bewegung des Rostputzers entsteht kein Verbrauch an fremder Energie, so dass der Energieverbrauch sehr gering ist, da es genügt, den Vergaserring 19 bzw. den Rostputzer 27 etwa alle halbe Stunden für einige Sekunden zu bewegen.The efficiency of the system according to the invention is considerably higher than that of the systems known to date. Except for the stirring movement and the movement of the rust cleaner, no consumption of external energy occurs, so that the energy consumption is very low, since it is sufficient to move the carburetor ring 19 or the rust cleaner 27 for a few seconds approximately every half hour.

Es bereitet auch keine Schwierigkeiten, die Anlage für verschiedenen Wärmebedarf, etwa 10 000 und 100000 Wärmeeinheiten, auszulegen, wobei der Kaminzug ausreichend ist und daher keine zusätzlichen Massnahmen zur Erzielung des Zuges nötig sind.It is also no problem to design the system for different heat requirements, approximately 10,000 and 100,000 heat units, the chimney draft being sufficient and therefore no additional measures being necessary to achieve the draft.

Vorteilhaft ist auch, dass sich die Abbrandgrösse zwischen dem Minimum und dem Maximum zumindest um 75% verändern lässt, so dass die Anlage sogar im Sommer zur Heisswasserbereitung betrieben werden kann.It is also advantageous that the size of the burnup can be changed by at least 75% between the minimum and the maximum, so that the system can be operated for hot water preparation even in summer.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass der Brennkanal 11 über einen weiteren Bereich beliebig in bezug auf die Primärluftöffnung 18 angeordnetwerden kann. Dadurch lässtsich die Anlage besser an die jeweils vorliegenden Gegebenheiten anpassen.Another advantage is that the combustion duct 11 can be arranged over a further area with respect to the primary air opening 18. This allows the system to be better adapted to the prevailing circumstances.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 dreht sich der Rost 15, wogegen der Rostputzer 27 im allgemeinen still steht. Hiezu ist der topfartig ausgebildete Rost 15 in ähnlicher Weise mittels Mitnahmestäben 30 mit dem Vergaserring 19 drehschlüssig verbunden, wie dies in Fig. 1 für den Rostputzer 27 dargestellt ist. Die Mitnahmestäbe 30 gleiten hiebei längsverschieblich in vertikalen Nuten 39 am Umfang des Vergaserringes 19, so dass eine Höhenverstellung des Rostes 15 in bezug auf den Vergaserring 19 möglich ist. Der Rost 15 ist hiebei an der zentralen Stange 24 drehbar aufgehängt, deren oberes Ende mittels einer Reibungskupplung 64 oben an einem Gehäuse 46 des Schnekkengetriebes 47 aufgehängt ist. Hiezu ist die Stange 24 an einer Reibscheibe 40 befestigt, die zwischen zwei Reibplatten 41 liegt, die durch Federn 42 gegeneinandergedrückt sind. Die Federn 42 umgeben an der Deckwand des Gehäuses 46 angebrachte Säulen, welche zugleich die beiden Reibplatten 41 gegen Verdrehung sichern. Dadurch wird die Reibscheibe 40 im Normalbetrieb so gebremst, dass sich die Stange 24 nicht dreht und somit der an ihr befestigte Rostputzer 27 still steht. Der Rostputzer 27 besteht hiebei aus einer an der Stange 24 befestigten horizontalen Querwelle 43, um welche zwei Klappen 44 schwenkbar sind, deren jede an ihrem unteren Ende einen horizontalen Rostputzerstab 28 trägt, der über die sich nach unten erweiternden Öffnungen des Rostes 15 streicht. Tritt ein geringfügiges oder zeitlich begrenztes Hindernis auf, so können sich die Rostputzerklappen 44 um ihre horizontale Querwelle 43 verschwenken, bis das Hindernis wieder beseitigt ist. Bei einem dauernden Hindernis wird jedoch die Querwelle 43 über die Klappen 44 zur Drehbewegung vom Rost 15 mitgenommen, sobald der Reibungswiderstand zwischen der Reibscheibe 40 und den beiden sie einpressenden Reibplatten 41 überwunden ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the grate 15 rotates, whereas the grate cleaner 27 generally stands still. For this purpose, the pot-shaped grate 15 is connected in a similar manner to the carburetor ring 19 by means of driving rods 30, as is shown for the grate cleaner 27 in FIG. 1. The driving rods 30 slide longitudinally displaceably in vertical grooves 39 on the circumference of the carburetor ring 19, so that a height adjustment of the grate 15 with respect to the carburetor ring 19 is possible. The grate 15 is in this case rotatably suspended from the central rod 24, the upper end of which is suspended on a housing 46 of the worm gear 47 by means of a friction clutch 64. For this purpose, the rod 24 is fastened to a friction disk 40, which lies between two friction plates 41, which are supported by springs 42 are pressed against each other. The springs 42 surround columns attached to the top wall of the housing 46, which at the same time secure the two friction plates 41 against rotation. As a result, the friction disk 40 is braked in normal operation in such a way that the rod 24 does not rotate and the rust cleaner 27 attached to it is therefore stationary. The grate cleaner 27 consists of a horizontal cross shaft 43 attached to the rod 24, around which two flaps 44 can be pivoted, each of which carries at its lower end a horizontal grate cleaner rod 28 which sweeps over the openings 15 of the grate 15 which widen downwards. If a minor or temporary obstacle occurs, the rust cleaner flaps 44 can pivot about their horizontal transverse shaft 43 until the obstacle is removed again. In the event of a permanent obstacle, however, the cross shaft 43 is taken along by the flaps 44 for rotary movement of the grate 15 as soon as the frictional resistance between the friction disk 40 and the two friction plates 41 pressing it in is overcome.

Unterhalb der Reibplatten 41 sitzt aussen an der Hohlwelle 21 eine Stellmutter 45 an einem Gewindeteil der Hohlwelle 21, welche sich am Gehäuse 46 eines Schneckengetriebes 47 abstützen kann, über welches die Hohlwelle 21 vom Getriebemotor 22 aus zur Drehbewegung angetrieben wird. Dadurch ist eine Höhenverstellung der Hohlwelle 21 und des an ihr mittels der Streben 20 aufgehängten Vergaserringes 19 möglich. Die Streben 20tragen bei dieser Ausführungsform schräg nach oben in den Vorratsschacht 4 weisende Federzinken 35. Der Vorratsschacht 4 ist von einem Blechgehäuse 5 begrenzt, das innerhalb eines Klemmringes 48 sitzt, welcher mehrere Sektoren eines Ringes 49 aus mineralischem Material, z. B. Steine, zusammenhält, welcher den oberen Teil des Vergaserringes 19 umgibt und mit seiner schräg nach innen abfallenden Deckfläche 50 einen Bereich der Schwelgaserzeugung begrenzt. Dieser Bereich reicht bis zur Deckwand 6 des Vorratsschachtes 4, in welcher eine Öffnung 51 vorgesehen ist, an die ein Querkanal 52 anschliesst, der zu einem nach oben offenen Sekundärluftkanal 53 führt. An der Einmündungsstelle des Querkanales 52 in den Sekundärluftkanal 53 ist eine Stellklappe 54 angeordnet, über welche das Verhältnis der in den Sekundärluftkanal 53 aus dem Querkanal 52 einströmenden Schwelgase relativ zur Sekundärluft eingestellt werden kann. Der Sekundärluftkanal 53 mündet in den Brennkanal 11.Below the friction plates 41 there is an adjusting nut 45 on the outside of the hollow shaft 21 on a threaded part of the hollow shaft 21, which can be supported on the housing 46 of a worm gear 47, via which the hollow shaft 21 is driven by the geared motor 22 for rotary movement. A height adjustment of the hollow shaft 21 and of the carburetor ring 19 suspended on it by means of the struts 20 is thereby possible. In this embodiment, the struts 20 carry spring tines 35 pointing obliquely upward into the supply shaft 4. The supply shaft 4 is delimited by a sheet metal housing 5 which is seated within a clamping ring 48 which has several sectors of a ring 49 made of mineral material, e.g. B. stones, which surrounds the upper part of the carburetor ring 19 and with its sloping inwardly sloping top surface 50 limits an area of carbonization. This area extends to the top wall 6 of the supply shaft 4, in which an opening 51 is provided, to which a transverse channel 52 connects, which leads to an upwardly open secondary air channel 53. At the junction of the cross channel 52 in the secondary air channel 53, a control flap 54 is arranged, via which the ratio of the carbonization gases flowing into the secondary air channel 53 from the cross channel 52 can be adjusted relative to the secondary air. The secondary air duct 53 opens into the combustion duct 11.

Weiters verläuft im Vorratsschacht 4 ein vertikaler Schwelgaskanal 55 vom obersten Bereich des Vorratsschachtes 4 bis in einen horizontalen Kanal 56 im aus Beton bestehenden Mantel 9. Dieser Kanal 56 führt von einer Eintrittsöffnung 57 für Frischluft zum Feuerraum 10 oberhalb des Rostes 15. In diesem Kanal 56 liegt eine Wärmeschirmplatte 66. Vom Kanal 56 zweigt ein Kanal 58 ab, durch welchen die Frischluft dem Aschenraum 16 unterhalb des Rostes 15 zugeführt wird, wobei die Frischluft von der Wärmeschirmplatte 66 erwärmt wird. Durch den Kanal 56 ist der Feuerraum 10 zugänglich.Furthermore, a vertical smoldering gas channel 55 runs in the supply shaft 4 from the uppermost region of the supply shaft 4 to a horizontal channel 56 in the concrete jacket 9. This channel 56 leads from an inlet opening 57 for fresh air to the combustion chamber 10 above the grate 15. In this channel 56 there is a heat shield plate 66. A duct 58 branches off from the duct 56, through which the fresh air is fed to the ash chamber 16 below the grate 15, the fresh air being heated by the heat shield plate 66. The combustion chamber 10 is accessible through the channel 56.

Der Betonmantel 9 ist von einem Isoliermantel 59 umgeben, welcher seinerseits aussen von einem Hohlraum 60 umgeben ist. Dieser Hohlraum 60 hat eine Eintrittsöffnung 61 für Frischluft und steht mit einer Ausnehmung 62 in Verbindung, welche oberhalb des Brennkanales 11 im Steinring 49 gebildet ist. Diese Ausnehmung 62 ist über einen vertikalen Kanal 63 mit dem Brennkanal 11 in Verbindung.The concrete jacket 9 is surrounded by an insulating jacket 59, which in turn is surrounded on the outside by a cavity 60. This cavity 60 has an inlet opening 61 for fresh air and is connected to a recess 62 which is formed above the combustion channel 11 in the stone ring 49. This recess 62 is connected to the combustion channel 11 via a vertical channel 63.

An der Öffnung 57 ist die Klappe 33 vorgesehen, die vom Zugregler 3 des Kessels verstellt wird. Eine ähnliche Regelung kann für die Lufteintrittsöffnung 61 vorgesehen sein.At the opening 57, the flap 33 is provided, which is adjusted by the draft regulator 3 of the boiler. A similar regulation can be provided for the air inlet opening 61.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 kann Primärluft sowohl zum Bereich oberhalb des Rostes 15 als auch zum Bereich unterhalb desselben zugeführt werden, z. B. wenn in der Wärmeschirmplatte 66 eine nicht dargestellte kleine Öffnung vorgesehen ist. Da der unterste Bereich des Vergaserringes 19 nahe dem Feuerraum 10 liegt, ist dort der Vergaserring sehr heiss, so dass sich an ihm das Brenngut bereits entzündet. Nach oben hin wird der Vergaserring 19 kälter, entgast jedoch das Material. Im obersten Bereich des Vergaserringes 19 und im Bereich des Steinringes 49 findet eine Trocknung des Brenngutes sowie gegebenenfalls ebenfalls eine Entgasung statt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, primary air can be supplied both to the area above the grate 15 and to the area below the same, e.g. B. if a small opening, not shown, is provided in the heat shield plate 66. Since the lowest area of the carburetor ring 19 is close to the combustion chamber 10, the carburetor ring there is very hot, so that the combustible material is already igniting on it. The carburetor ring 19 becomes colder towards the top, but degasses the material. In the uppermost area of the carburetor ring 19 and in the area of the stone ring 49, the fired material is dried and, if appropriate, also degassed.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 eignet sich wegen des grossen Querschnittes des Vorratsschachtes 4 insbesondere für grosse Anlagen.The embodiment according to FIG. 4 is particularly suitable for large systems because of the large cross section of the storage shaft 4.

Claims (20)

1. Preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials with a high ash content, in particular bark and wood chips; with a combustion chamber which is closed at the bottom by a grid and to which the fuel is conveyed from above, through a supply shaft; wherein the combustion chamber is surrounded by an outer shell which is made of refractory material and through which there passes a combustion duct which connects the combustion chamber with the boiler which is connected thereafter and which has an opening for the introduction of secondary air; and wherein there is provided in the outer shell a further opening which is closable preferably by a regulating valve adjusted by the boiler and which serves the purpose of introducing primary air under the grid; characterised in that inside the outer shell (9) and above the combustion duct (11 ) there is arranged a gasifying ring (19) with a vertical axis, spaced at a distance above the grid (15), said gasifying ring (19) having a top surface (37) which slopes towards its central opening (36), and wherein a screw conveyor (26) leads to said opening (36), and wherein said gasifying ring (19) is rotatable about its axis by means of a drive, so that the screw conveyor (26) conveys the fuel through the opening (36) of the gasifying ring (19).
2. Preburning plant according to claim 1, characterised in that the screw conveyor (26) leads through the opening (36) of the gasifying ring (19).
3. Preburning plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the screw conveyor (26) is fixedly arranged and is held at its upper end by a rod (24) which lies wihtin a hollow shaft (21) which is connected with the gasifying ring (19) and is joined to the drive.
4. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive for the gasifying ring (19) has a gear motor (22) which intermittently drives the gasifying ring (19).
5. Preburning plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the hollow shaft (21) in the supply shaft (4) is provided with laterally protruding projections, e.g. spring prongs (35).
6. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the gasifying ring (19) is raisable and lowerable for the purpose of varying its distance from the grid (15).
7. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a grid cleaner (27) is provided between grid (15) and gasifying ring (19).
8. Preburning plant according to claim 7, characterised in that the grid cleaner (27) has at least one rod (28) which slides over the grid (15).
9. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the srew conveyor (26) consists of a coiled metal strip.
10. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the grid (15) is suspended on the screw conveyor (26) and is raisable and lowerable therewith.
11. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 7 to 10, characterised in that the grid cleaner (27) has vertical drive rods (30) which are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in openings (31 ) of the gasifying ring (19).
12. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 6 to 11, characterised in that the screw conveyor (26), in the lowest position of the gasifying ring (19), extends into the hollow shaft (21) for a distance corresponding to the stroke length of the gasifying ring (19).
13. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the gasifying ring (19) consists of a fireclay ring of triangular- shaped cross section, on the underside of which is attached (Fig. 1, 2) a collar (38) which points downwardly from the opening (36) of the gasifying ring (19) and which preferably consists of a tubular member.
14. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 10 and 12 and 13, characterised in that the grid (15) is coupled rotation-lockingly with the gasifying ring (19).
15. Preburning plant according to claim 14, characterised in that the grid (15) carries vertical drive rods (30) which are guided in longitudinally displaceable manner in openings or peripheral grooves (39) of the gasifying ring (19).
16. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the grid cleaner (27) is secured on the screw conveyor (26) or on its rod (24).
17. Preburning plant according to claim 16, characterised in that the rod (24) is held at its upper end by means of a friction coupling (64).
18. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the gasifying ring (19) is surrounded by a ring (49) which is made of mineral material and which has a top surface (50) which slopes in relation to the gasifying ring (19).
19. Preburning plant according to claim 18, characterised in that the ring (49) consists of at least two sectors (65) which are held together by a metallic clamping ring (48).
20. Preburning plant according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterised in that from the supply shaft (4), preferably from its uppermost section, at least one duct (53, 55) for low temperature carbonisation gases leads to a duct (56) which leads to the combustion chamber (10) and/or to the combustion duct (11).
EP85904576A 1984-09-17 1985-09-16 Preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents Expired EP0224489B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2950/84 1984-09-17
AT0295084A AT383664B (en) 1984-09-17 1984-09-17 FURNACE COMBUSTION PLANT FOR COMBUSTION OF SOLID COMBUSTION GOODS WITH HIGH ASHES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224489A1 EP0224489A1 (en) 1987-06-10
EP0224489B1 true EP0224489B1 (en) 1988-07-13

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ID=3542931

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EP85904576A Expired EP0224489B1 (en) 1984-09-17 1985-09-16 Preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents

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US (1) US4672899A (en)
EP (1) EP0224489B1 (en)
AT (2) AT383664B (en)
CA (1) CA1254796A (en)
DE (2) DE3563789D1 (en)
DK (1) DK231186D0 (en)
FI (1) FI862017A (en)
HU (1) HU204336B (en)
NO (1) NO160390C (en)
WO (1) WO1986001874A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO160390C (en) 1989-04-12
US4672899A (en) 1987-06-16
ATE35730T1 (en) 1988-07-15
NO160390B (en) 1989-01-02
HUT48737A (en) 1989-06-28
EP0224489A1 (en) 1987-06-10
AT383664B (en) 1987-08-10
FI862017A0 (en) 1986-05-14
ATA295084A (en) 1986-12-15
NO861974L (en) 1986-05-16
DK231186A (en) 1986-05-16
WO1986001874A1 (en) 1986-03-27
CA1254796A (en) 1989-05-30
DK231186D0 (en) 1986-05-16
DE3563789D1 (en) 1988-08-18
FI862017A (en) 1986-05-14
DE8526457U1 (en) 1986-01-23
HU204336B (en) 1991-12-30

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