EP0223734B1 - Method for making a fleece of filaments, and apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for making a fleece of filaments, and apparatus for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223734B1
EP0223734B1 EP86730191A EP86730191A EP0223734B1 EP 0223734 B1 EP0223734 B1 EP 0223734B1 EP 86730191 A EP86730191 A EP 86730191A EP 86730191 A EP86730191 A EP 86730191A EP 0223734 B1 EP0223734 B1 EP 0223734B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
nozzle
compressed air
tube
thread discharge
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EP86730191A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0223734A2 (en
EP0223734A3 (en
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Kurt Mente
Gerhard Knitsch
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JH Benecke GmbH
Corovin GmbH
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JH Benecke GmbH
Corovin GmbH
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Application filed by JH Benecke GmbH, Corovin GmbH filed Critical JH Benecke GmbH
Priority to AT86730191T priority Critical patent/ATE67800T1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/07—Coanda

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a nonwoven from continuous filaments according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
  • Laval extension At the narrowest annular gap of the thread take-off nozzle is the so-called Laval extension, at the outlet of which a negative pressure is generated. This negative pressure is also established at the inlet of the thread take-off nozzle via an inner thread-guiding tube and enables thread threading.
  • the laval extension is followed by a thread extraction tube with the inner diameter of the laval extension, into which air flows in at supersonic speed.
  • a compression shock occurs with a subsequent subsonic flow, which further slows down in a subsequent thread guide tube with four to six times the cross-section.
  • the threads are drawn, which thereby become thinner.
  • the main part of the thread pulling force for stretching the threads is applied by the thread pulling tube.
  • the thread guide tube only has the task of transporting the thread sheet to a spreading nozzle and, where appropriate, to so-called Coanda shells in order to distribute and spread the threads evenly before they meet a base to form the fleece.
  • the invention intervenes, which is based on the object of creating a method which, while maintaining the required thread pulling force, nevertheless enables a reduction in costs with regard to the required energy requirement.
  • the invention is intended to provide a device for carrying out such a method.
  • the method provided in the preamble of claim 1 provides that a gaseous propellant with lower pressure and volume is also supplied in the region of the outlet of the thread take-off device by means of an additional thrust nozzle, and that the inlet pressure and the inlet volume are simultaneously reduced.
  • the invention therefore takes the surprising route of additionally providing a thrust nozzle for feeding in with compressed air energy.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a reduction in the compressed air energy supplied to the thread draw-off nozzle can be carried out at the same time, while maintaining the original thread draw-off force.
  • the energy saving at the thread take-off nozzle is greater than the energy additionally required at the thrust nozzle, so that overall energy savings and cost savings are achieved. Experiments have shown that considerable energy savings of almost 30% can be achieved.
  • Another serious advantage of the invention is that this energy saving device is achieved in a simple manner by merely between the lower end of the thread guide tube and the expanding nozzle one component - namely a thruster - is used.
  • the dimensions and dimensions of the thread guide tube can be freely selected as long as the flow resistance of 1 kPa (0.01 bar) is not exceeded.
  • the invention enables a reduction in the compressed air pressure p 1 in front of the thread withdrawal nozzle from 2100 to 1600 kPa and a reduction in the amount of air V 1 from 72 to 52.4 m3 / h with the same thread pulling force.
  • p2 190 kPa
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the thrust nozzle enables the thread guide tube to be shortened, the flow resistance of which is thus reduced. If the total flow resistance of the take-off device is observed, the length / diameter ratios already mentioned above can be achieved by lengthening the thread take-off tube.
  • filaments 10 are drawn in in the direction of arrow A by a thread draw-off nozzle 12 known per se.
  • the continuous filaments 10 are obtained in a conventional manner from a melt and passed through spinnerets, not shown in the drawing.
  • the thread take-off nozzle 12 has a compressed air connection 14 for supplying a quantity of compressed air V 1 under the pressure p 1.
  • a thread take-off tube 16 connects to the thread take-off nozzle 12, and a thread guide tube 20 is connected via a transition cone 18.
  • the continuous threads 10 drawn off emerge at the bottom from an expansion nozzle 26 which is provided with Coanda shells 28.
  • Coanda effect is used to spread the threads 30 before they hit an air-permeable, sieve conveyor belt 32 which is under vacuum, whereby the fleece is formed.
  • the thread take-off force is generated predominantly in the thread take-off tube 16 which is flowed through at the supersonic speed in the first half and at the subsonic speed after the compression stroke.
  • the threads reach speeds of 30 to 100 m / s depending on the size of the thread titer.
  • the flow resistance is kept low by the transition cone 18 located between the thread draw-off tube 16 and the thread guide tube 20 and having a cone angle of less than 8 °. The device described so far is known.
  • the thread guide tube 20 conveys the thread family to an existing thrust nozzle 22 in the new device, which is arranged between the thread guide tube 20 and the expanding nozzle 26 and has a compressed air connection 24, via which a quantity of air V2 is supplied at a low pressure p2.
  • the thread guide tube 20 is dimensioned so that the flow resistance is less than 1 kPa (0.01 bar).
  • Fig. 2 the detailed structure of the thrust nozzle 22 is shown, which is welded to the thread guide tube 20.
  • the thrust nozzle 22 comprises a first threaded part 34 which is screwed to a second threaded part 38 and is secured against rotation by a cylindrical pin 36.
  • the first threaded part 34 and the second threaded part 38 form a pipe extension 40.
  • a rotatable one Adjustment ring 42 which can be moved in the axial direction by rotation, as well as a jacket 48 and a conical transition piece 50, which is welded to the inlet of the expansion nozzle 26.
  • a prechamber 52 connects to the compressed air connection 24 already shown in FIG. 1 and is connected to a storage space 56 via bores 54.
  • the inner wall of the adjustment ring 42 forms a feed in the form of a lava extension 46 with an air outlet 44 from the storage space 56 to the thread guide space 60.
  • the narrowest cross-section is designated by reference numeral 58, and L indicates the length of the Laval extension 46.
  • the length L of the Laval extension 46 can be influenced by turning the adjusting ring 42.
  • the jacket 48 and the first threaded part 34 are fixed axially and radially.
  • the compressed air V2; p2 flows through the compressed air connection 24 into the pre-chamber 52 and through the holes 54 in the storage space 56 and then through the narrowest cross-section 58 to the air outlet 44 or to the Laval extension 46.
  • the second threaded part 38 is flared at its end or outlet and the conical transition piece at its inlet.
  • the diameter of the thread take-off tube 16 is denoted by d 1 and the length by l 1, while d 2 and l 2 indicate the diameter or the length of the thread guide tube 20.
  • the length / diameter ratios can be varied by switching on the thrust nozzle 22.
  • the ratio l1 / d1 is about 110 to achieve an optimal thread pulling force.
  • the thread guide tube 20 largely determines the flow resistance, and here the ratio l2 / d2 is chosen so that the flow resistance mentioned above results in less than 0.01 bar.
  • the ratio l2 / d2 is chosen so that the flow resistance mentioned above results in less than 0.01 bar.
  • other values are also possible for the conditions mentioned within the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

To produce non-woven materials, endless filaments in the form of a warp are drawn off a filament draw-off nozzle to which are joined a filament offlet, a filament guide tube and a spreading extruder. An amount of compressed air under high pressure is admitted to the filament draw-off nozzle. By means of the invention the amount of compressed air at the filament draw-off nozzle is reduced and at the same time an additional amount of compressed air under relatively low pressure is admitted between the filament guide tube and the spreading extruder by means of a propelling nozzle. In spite of an additional amount of compressed air at the propelling nozzle the reduction at the filament draw-off nozzle is so large that for the isothermal compression output as a whole a considerable savings in energy of almost 30% can be achieved, and this while maintaining the important filament draw-off force necessary for the drawing of the filaments inside the filament offlet. In addition, the additional compressed air also permits an improved, more even distribution of the warp at the exit of the spreading extruder, whereby the quality of the non-woven material is improved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vlieses aus Endlosfänden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Außerdem befaßt sich die Erfindung mit einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing a nonwoven from continuous filaments according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Durch die DE-PS 1 785 158, GB-PS 1 282 176 und GB-PS 1 297 582 sind bereits Verfahren und Vorrichtungen der eingangs vorausgesetzten Gattung bekannt. Dabei wird aus einer Schmelze und aus Spinndüsen eine Fadenschar durch eine Fadenabzugsvorrichtung geführt, welche an ihrem oberen Ende eine Fadenabzugsdüse besitzt. Letztere wird mit hoch verdichteter Preßluft beschickt.DE-PS 1 785 158, GB-PS 1 282 176 and GB-PS 1 297 582 already disclose methods and devices of the type assumed at the outset. In this case, a family of threads is guided from a melt and from spinnerets through a thread draw-off device which has a thread draw-off nozzle at its upper end. The latter is fed with highly compressed compressed air.

An den engsten Ringspalt der Fadenabzugsdüse schließt sich die sogenannte Lavalerweiterung an, an deren Austritt ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird. Dieser Unterdruck stellt sich über ein inneres fadenführendes Röhrchen auch am Eintritt der Fadenabzugsdüse ein und ermöglicht das Einfädeln der Fadenschar.At the narrowest annular gap of the thread take-off nozzle is the so-called Laval extension, at the outlet of which a negative pressure is generated. This negative pressure is also established at the inlet of the thread take-off nozzle via an inner thread-guiding tube and enables thread threading.

Der Lavalerweiterung schließt sich ein Fadenabzugsrohr mit dem inneren Durchmesser der Lavalerweiterung an, in welches Luft mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit einströmt. Etwa nach der halben Länge des Fadenabzugsrohres von einer Gesamtlänge von beispielsweise 250 mm tritt ein Verdichtungsstoß mit anschließender Unterschallströmung ein, die sich in einem folgenden Fadenführungsrohr mit vier - bis sechsfachem Querschnitt weiter verlangsamt.The laval extension is followed by a thread extraction tube with the inner diameter of the laval extension, into which air flows in at supersonic speed. Around half the length of the thread take-off tube with a total length of, for example, 250 mm, a compression shock occurs with a subsequent subsonic flow, which further slows down in a subsequent thread guide tube with four to six times the cross-section.

In der das Fadenabzugsrohr und das Fadenführungsrohr umfassenden Fadenabzugsvorrichtung erfolgt also eine Verstreckung der Fäden, die dadurch dünner werden. Der wesentliche Anteil der Fadenabzugskraft zur Verstreckung der Fäden wird vom Fadenabzugsrohr aufgebracht. Das Fadenführungsrohr hat lediglich die Aufgabe, die Fadenschar zu einer Spreizdüse und gegebenenfalls zu sogenannten Coandaschalen zu transportieren, um die Fäden gleichmäßig zu verteilen und zu spreizen, bevor sie auf eine Unterlage zur Bildung des Vlieses treffen.In the thread take-off device comprising the thread take-off tube and the thread guide tube, the threads are drawn, which thereby become thinner. The main part of the thread pulling force for stretching the threads is applied by the thread pulling tube. The thread guide tube only has the task of transporting the thread sheet to a spreading nozzle and, where appropriate, to so-called Coanda shells in order to distribute and spread the threads evenly before they meet a base to form the fleece.

Zur Erzielung großflächiger Vliesbahnen ist es üblich, eine Vielzahl von Fadenabzugsvorrichtungen nebeneinander anzuordnen, wobei die einzelnen Fadenabzugsdüsen jeweils mit der hochverdichteten Preßluft als gasförmiges Treibmittel beschickt werden. Das soweit beschriebene und bekannte Verfahren hat sich in der Praxis zwar bewähren können, dennoch ist es nicht frei von Nachteilen. Die zur Verstreckung der Fäden erforderliche Preßluftenergie stellt nämlich einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor dar, was sich zwangsläufig im Endpreis des Vlieses niederschlagen muß.In order to achieve large-area nonwoven webs, it is customary to arrange a large number of thread draw-off devices next to one another, the individual thread draw-off nozzles each having the highly compressed compressed air as a gaseous one Propellants are charged. The method described and known so far has proven itself in practice, but it is not free from disadvantages. The compressed air energy required to draw the threads is a considerable cost factor, which inevitably has to be reflected in the final price of the fleece.

Man könne nun zwar daran denken, den Kostenfaktor für die benötigte Energie dadurch zu senken, daß die Preßluftenergie verringert wird, jedoch verbietet sich diese Maßnahme, weil dann die erforderliche Fadenabzugskraft und die benötigte Verstreckung zur Herstellung eines einwandfreien Vlieses nicht mehr gegeben sind. Man ist deshalb auf die hohe Preßluftenergie zur Erzielung einer optimalen Fadenabzugskraft und einer optimalen Verstreckung angewiesen.One could now think of reducing the cost factor for the energy required by reducing the compressed air energy, but this measure is forbidden because then the required thread pulling force and the required stretching to produce a perfect fleece are no longer present. One is therefore dependent on the high compressed air energy in order to achieve an optimal thread pulling force and an optimal drawing.

Hier greift nun die Erfindung ein, der die Aufgabe zugrunde liegt, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches unter Beibehaltung der benötigten Fadenabzugskraft gleichwohl eine Kostenverringerung hinsichtlich des benötigten Energiebedarfs ermöglicht. Außerdem soll durch die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens angegeben werden.This is where the invention intervenes, which is based on the object of creating a method which, while maintaining the required thread pulling force, nevertheless enables a reduction in costs with regard to the required energy requirement. In addition, the invention is intended to provide a device for carrying out such a method.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist bei dem im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 vorausgesetzten Verfahren vorgesehen, daß auch im Bereich des Ausganges der Fadenabzugsvorrichtung ein gasförmiges Treibmittel mit geringerem Druck und Volumen mittels einer zusätzlichen Schubdüse zugeführt wird, und daß gleichzeitig der Eingangsdruck und das Eingangsvolumen verringert werden.To achieve the object, the method provided in the preamble of claim 1 provides that a gaseous propellant with lower pressure and volume is also supplied in the region of the outlet of the thread take-off device by means of an additional thrust nozzle, and that the inlet pressure and the inlet volume are simultaneously reduced.

Die Erfindung beschreitet also den überraschenden Weg, zusätzlich eine Schubdüse zur Einspeisung mit Preßluftenergie vorzusehen. Obwohl dadurch scheinbar ein Mehraufwand betrieben wird, liegt der Erfindung die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß gleichzeitig eine Verringerung der der Fadenabzugsdüse zugeführten Preßluftenergie vorgenommen werden kann, und zwar unter Beibehaltung der ursprünglichen Fadenabzugskraft. Die Energieeinsparung an der Fadenabzugsdüse ist dabei größer als die zusätzlich an der Schubdüse benötigte Energie, so daß insgesamt eine Energieersparnis und Kosteneinsparung erzielt wird. In Versuchen konnte festgestellt werden, daß sich eine beachtliche Energieersparnis von immerhin knapp 30% erreichen läßt. Ein weiterer gravierender Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß diese Energieersparnis vorrichtungsmäßig in einfacher Weise dadurch erzielt wird, daß zwischen dem unteren Ende des Fadenführungsrohres und der Spreizdüse lediglich ein Bauteil - nämlich eine Schubdüse - eingesetzt wird.The invention therefore takes the surprising route of additionally providing a thrust nozzle for feeding in with compressed air energy. Although this apparently involves an additional effort, the invention is based on the knowledge that a reduction in the compressed air energy supplied to the thread draw-off nozzle can be carried out at the same time, while maintaining the original thread draw-off force. The energy saving at the thread take-off nozzle is greater than the energy additionally required at the thrust nozzle, so that overall energy savings and cost savings are achieved. Experiments have shown that considerable energy savings of almost 30% can be achieved. Another serious advantage of the invention is that this energy saving device is achieved in a simple manner by merely between the lower end of the thread guide tube and the expanding nozzle one component - namely a thruster - is used.

Zu besseren Verständnis der Erfindung wird nachfolgend ein an einer Versuchsanordnung ermitteltes Zahlenbeispiel gegeben, und es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß sich die Versuchsanordnung auf das eingangs vorausgesetzte bekannte Verfahren bezieht. Gemessen wurde dabei die Fadenabzugskraft - ermittelt an einem 0,13 mm dicken Kupferdraht - einer üblichen Fadenabzugsdüse mit einem engsten Querschnitt bzw. Ringspalt von 5 mm² und einem Fadenabzugsrohr mit einem Längen/Durchmesserverhältnis von 43. Bei einer Preßluftmenge V₀ = 〈1〉 (72 m³/h) und einem Preßluftdruck (Düsenvordruck) p₀ = 2100 kPa (21 bar) beträgt die Fadenabzugskraft ca. 0,18 N (Newton). Diese Fadenabzugskraft ist beispielsweise erforderlich, wenn ein Polypropylenvlies mit einem Fadentiter von 2 dtex hergestellt werden soll.In order to better understand the invention, a numerical example determined on an experimental arrangement is given below, and it should be pointed out that the experimental arrangement relates to the known method assumed at the outset. The thread pulling force was measured - determined on a 0.13 mm thick copper wire - a conventional thread pulling nozzle with a narrowest cross section or annular gap of 5 mm² and a thread pulling tube with a length / diameter ratio of 43. With a compressed air quantity V₀ = 〈1〉 (72 m³ / h) and a compressed air pressure (nozzle pre-pressure) p₀ = 2100 kPa (21 bar), the thread pulling force is approx. 0.18 N (Newton). This thread pull-off force is required, for example, if a polypropylene fleece with a thread titer of 2 dtex is to be produced.

Die genannten Werte für die Preßluftmenge V₀ und den Preßluftdruck p₀ stellen in der Praxis übliche Größen dar, und an Hand dieser Zahlen soll nachfolgend unter Verwendung der Formel für die isotherme Verdichtungsleistung

Figure imgb0001

die durch die Erfindung erzielbare Energieersparnis verdeutlicht werden. Mit den genannten Werten V₀ und p₀ beträgt die isotherme Verdichtungsleistung bei dem bekannten Verfahren N = kx219,2 (k ist eine Konstante; von Bedeutung ist hier lediglich der Zahlenwert 219,2).The values mentioned for the amount of compressed air V₀ and the compressed air pressure p₀ represent usual sizes in practice, and based on these numbers we will use the formula for the isothermal compression performance below
Figure imgb0001
the energy savings achievable by the invention are illustrated. With the values V₀ and p₀ mentioned, the isothermal compression capacity in the known method is N = kx219.2 (k is a constant; only the numerical value 219.2 is important here).

Ausgehend von den obigen Zahlenwerten liegen die Verhältnisse bei der Erfindung wie folgt: an der Fadenabzugsdüse werden die Preßluftmenge und der Preßluftdruck auf V₁ = 52,4 m³/h und p₁ = 1600 kPa (16 bar) verringert. Daraus ergibt sich eine Verdichtungsleistung von N₁ = kx145,3.Based on the above numerical values, the relationships in the invention are as follows: at the thread take-off nozzle, the amount of compressed air and the compressed air pressure are reduced to V₁ = 52.4 m³ / h and p₁ = 1600 kPa (16 bar). This results in a compression performance of N₁ = kx145.3.

An der Schubdüse am unteren Ende des Fadenführungsrohres werden folgende Werte zugrunde gelegt: V₂ = 19,6 m³/h und p₂ = 190 kPa (1,9 bar). Daraus errechnet sich eine isotherme Verdichtungsleistung von N₂ = kx12,6.The following values are used for the thrust nozzle at the lower end of the thread guide tube: V₂ = 19.6 m³ / h and p₂ = 190 kPa (1.9 bar). From this, an isothermal compression capacity of N₂ = kx12.6 is calculated.

Wie man sieht, ergibt die Addition von V₁ und V₂ wieder den eingangs vorausgesetzten Wert V₀ = 72 m³/h. Die Verringerung der Preßluftmenge an der Fadenabzugsdüse kann also für die Preßluftmenge an der Schubdüse verwendet werden. Entscheidend ist nun die Engergiebilanz, denn der Summe von N₁ und N₂ = kx157,9 steht der oben bei dem ohne Anwendung der Erfindung beim bekannten Verfahren errechnete höhere Wert von N = kx 219,2 gegenüber. Daraus ergibt sich eine Energieersparnis von etwa 28 %, und zwar - was ein wichtiger Aspekt ist - unter Beibehaltung der Fadenabzugskraft.As you can see, the addition of V₁ and V₂ results in the value V₀ = 72 m³ / h assumed at the beginning. The reduction in the amount of compressed air at the thread take-off nozzle can therefore be used for the amount of compressed air at the thrust nozzle. The decisive factor now is the energy balance, because the sum of N₁ and N₂ = kx157.9 is the above in that without using the invention in the known The method calculated a higher value of N = kx 219.2. This results in an energy saving of about 28%, which - which is an important aspect - while maintaining the thread pulling force.

Ausgehend von den physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der isothermen Verdichtungsleistung, der Fadenabzugskraft, dem Durchflußwiderstand der Fadenabzugsvorrichtung und dem Erfordernis, daß am Saugmund der Fadenabzugsdüse ein Unterdruck von 60 bis 80 kPa (0,6 bis 0,8 bar) herrschen sollte, um die Fadenschar in die Fadenabzugsdüse einfädeln zu können, und ausgehend davon, daß die Fadenabzugskraft zur Erzielung eines bestimmten Fadentiters nicht verringert werden darf, hat sich ein Längen/Durchmesserverhältnis des Fadenabzugsrohres je nach Polymer und Titer von l/d = 80 bis 180 bewährt. Dabei ist das Fadenführungsrohr in den Dimensionen und seinen Abmessungen frei wählbar, so lange der Durchflußwiderstand von 1 kPa (0,01 bar) nicht überschritten wird.Based on the physical laws of isothermal compression performance, the thread pulling force, the flow resistance of the thread pulling device and the requirement that a vacuum of 60 to 80 kPa (0.6 to 0.8 bar) should prevail at the suction mouth of the thread pulling device in order to pull the thread sheet into the To be able to thread the thread take-off nozzle, and based on the fact that the thread pull-off force must not be reduced in order to achieve a specific thread titer, a length / diameter ratio of the thread pull-off tube, depending on the polymer and titer, of l / d = 80 to 180 has proven effective. The dimensions and dimensions of the thread guide tube can be freely selected as long as the flow resistance of 1 kPa (0.01 bar) is not exceeded.

Bei größeren Durchflußwiderständen steigt der Druck am Saugmund der Fadenabzugsdüse nämlich unzulässig an, so daß abgerissene Fäden - verursacht von Fehlstellen im Polymer - nicht mehr eingefangen werden können. Wenn sich die Fadenrisse summieren, kann es zu erheblichen Betriebsstörungen kommen.With larger flow resistances, the pressure at the suction mouth of the thread take-off nozzle increases inadmissibly, so that torn threads - caused by defects in the polymer - can no longer be caught. If the thread breaks add up, there can be considerable malfunctions.

Bei dem voranstehenden Zahlenbeispiel ermöglicht die Erfindung bei gleicher Fadenabzugskraft eine Verringerung des Preßluftdruckes p₁ vor der Fadenabzugsdüse von 2100 auf 1600 kPa sowie eine Verringerung der Luftmenge V₁ von 72 auf 52,4 m³/h. Hierbei beträgt das Längen/Durchmesserverhältnis des Fadenabzugsrohres in zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung l/d = 110.In the preceding numerical example, the invention enables a reduction in the compressed air pressure p 1 in front of the thread withdrawal nozzle from 2100 to 1600 kPa and a reduction in the amount of air V 1 from 72 to 52.4 m³ / h with the same thread pulling force. Here, the length / diameter ratio of the thread take-off tube in an expedient embodiment of the invention is l / d = 110.

Die an der Schubdüse bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Preßluftmenge an der Fadenabzugsdüse vorgesehene Zusatzluft wird bei der Erfindung auf einem relativ niedrigen Druckniveau von p₂ = 190 kPa (1,9 bar) zugeführt. Insgesamt ist die isotherme Verdichtungsleistung für die Luftmenge an der Schubdüse bei dem niedrigen Vordruck so gering, daß die beschriebene beachtliche Energieersparnis erzielt werden kann.The additional air provided on the thrust nozzle while simultaneously reducing the amount of compressed air at the thread take-off nozzle is supplied in the invention at a relatively low pressure level of p₂ = 190 kPa (1.9 bar). Overall, the isothermal compression performance for the amount of air at the thrust nozzle is so low at the low admission pressure that the considerable energy savings described can be achieved.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Schubdüse eine Verkürzung des Fadenführungrohres ermöglicht, dessen Durchflußwiderstand damit herabgesetzt wird. Bei Einhaltung des Gesamtdurchflußwiderstandes der Abzugsvorrichtung lassen sich somit die weiter oben schon erwähnten Längen/Durchmesserverhältnisse durch Verlängerung des Fadenabzugsrohres realisieren.Another advantage of the invention is that the thrust nozzle enables the thread guide tube to be shortened, the flow resistance of which is thus reduced. If the total flow resistance of the take-off device is observed, the length / diameter ratios already mentioned above can be achieved by lengthening the thread take-off tube.

Damit sind aber die positiven Auswirkungen der bei der Erfingung vorgesehenen Schubdüse noch nicht erschöpft. Überraschend hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß die Zuführung der zusätzlichen Preßluftmenge unter dem relativ geringem Druck vor einer mit Coandaschalen versehenen Spreizdüse in vorteilhafter Weise dazu beiträgt, daß die Verteilung der Fadenschar gleichmäßiger wird. Dadurch wird die Qualität des Vlieses - bei dem es auf eine gleichmäßige Verteilung ankommt - erhöht. Der Spreizwinkel an den Coandaschalen wird nämlich mit zunehmender Luftmenge größer, wodurch die Verteilung der Fadenschar gleichmäßiger wird.However, the positive effects of the thrust nozzle provided during the detection are not yet exhausted. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the supply of the additional amount of compressed air under the relatively low pressure in front of a spreading nozzle provided with Coanda shells advantageously contributes to the fact that the distribution of the thread sheet is more uniform. This increases the quality of the fleece - which depends on an even distribution. The spreading angle on the Coanda shells increases with the amount of air, which makes the distribution of the thread group more even.

Andere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und der Zeichnung zu entnehmen. Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Vlieses aus Endlosfäden, und
Fig. 2
eine Querschnittsansicht einer Schubdüse.
Other expedient refinements and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and can be seen in the drawing. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a device for producing a nonwoven from continuous filaments, and
Fig. 2
a cross-sectional view of a thruster.

Bei der in Fig. 1 zu erkennenden Vorrichtung werden Endlosfäden 10 in Richtung des Pfeiles A von einer an sich bekannten Fadenabzugsdüse 12 angesaugt. Die Endlosfäden 10 werden in üblicher Weise aus einer Schmelze gewonnen und durch in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Spinndüsen geführt.In the device shown in FIG. 1, filaments 10 are drawn in in the direction of arrow A by a thread draw-off nozzle 12 known per se. The continuous filaments 10 are obtained in a conventional manner from a melt and passed through spinnerets, not shown in the drawing.

Die Fadenabzugsdüse 12 besitzt einen Preßluftanschluß 14 zur Zuführung einer Preßluftmenge V₁ unter dem Druck p₁. An die Fadenabzugsdüse 12 schließt sich ein Fadenabzugsrohr 16 an, und über einen Übergangskonus 18 ist ein Fadenführungsrohr 20 angeschlossen.The thread take-off nozzle 12 has a compressed air connection 14 for supplying a quantity of compressed air V 1 under the pressure p 1. A thread take-off tube 16 connects to the thread take-off nozzle 12, and a thread guide tube 20 is connected via a transition cone 18.

Die oben abgezogenen Endlosfäden 10 treten unten aus einer Spreizdüse 26 aus, welche mit Coandaschalen 28 versehen ist. Hier wird der sogenannte Coanda-Effekt ausgenutzt, um die Fäden 30 zu spreizen, bevor sie auf ein luftdurchlässiges unter Vakuum stehendes Siebförderband 32 aufschlagen, wodurch das Vlies gebildet wird.The continuous threads 10 drawn off emerge at the bottom from an expansion nozzle 26 which is provided with Coanda shells 28. Here, the so-called Coanda effect is used to spread the threads 30 before they hit an air-permeable, sieve conveyor belt 32 which is under vacuum, whereby the fleece is formed.

Die Fadenabzugskraft wird vorwiegend im Fadenabzugsrohr 16 erzeugt, welches in der ersten Hälfte mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit und nach dem Verdichtungsstoß mit Unterschallgeschwindigkeit durchströmt wird. Die Fäden erreichen dabei Geschwindigkeiten von 30 bis 100 m/s je nach Größe des Fadentiters. Durch den zwischen dem Fadenabzugsrohr 16 und dem Fadenführungsrohr 20 befindlichen Übergangskonus 18, der einen Kegelwinkel von kleiner als 8° besitzt, wird der Durchflußwiderstand gering gehalten. Die soweit beschriebene Vorrichtung ist bekannt.The thread take-off force is generated predominantly in the thread take-off tube 16 which is flowed through at the supersonic speed in the first half and at the subsonic speed after the compression stroke. The threads reach speeds of 30 to 100 m / s depending on the size of the thread titer. The flow resistance is kept low by the transition cone 18 located between the thread draw-off tube 16 and the thread guide tube 20 and having a cone angle of less than 8 °. The device described so far is known.

Das Fadenführungsrohr 20 fördert die Fadenschar zu einer bei der neuen Vorrichtung vorhandenen Schubdüse 22, die zwischen dem Fadenführungsrohr 20 und der Spreizdüse 26 angeordnet ist und einen Preßluftanschluß 24 besitzt, über welchen unter einem geringen Druck p₂ eine Luftmenge V₂ zugeführt wird. Das Fadenführungsrohr 20 ist so dimensioniert, daß der Durchflußwiderstand weniger als 1 kPa (0,01 bar) beträgt.The thread guide tube 20 conveys the thread family to an existing thrust nozzle 22 in the new device, which is arranged between the thread guide tube 20 and the expanding nozzle 26 and has a compressed air connection 24, via which a quantity of air V₂ is supplied at a low pressure p₂. The thread guide tube 20 is dimensioned so that the flow resistance is less than 1 kPa (0.01 bar).

In Fig. 2 ist der nähere Aufbau der Schubdüse 22 dargestellt, die mit dem Fadenführungsrohr 20 verschweißt ist. Die Schubdüse 22 umfaßt ein erstes Gewindeteil 34, welches mit einem zweiten Gewindeteil 38 verschraubt und durch einen Zylinderstift 36 gegen Verdrehen gesichert ist. Insgesamt bilden das erste Gewindeteil 34 und das zweite Gewindeteil 38 eine Rohrverlängerung 40.In Fig. 2 the detailed structure of the thrust nozzle 22 is shown, which is welded to the thread guide tube 20. The thrust nozzle 22 comprises a first threaded part 34 which is screwed to a second threaded part 38 and is secured against rotation by a cylindrical pin 36. Overall, the first threaded part 34 and the second threaded part 38 form a pipe extension 40.

Weitere Bestandteile der Schubdüse 22 sind ein drehbarer Verstellring 42, welcher durch Drehung in axialer Richtung bewegt werden kann, sowie ein Mantel 48 und ein konisches Übergangsstück 50, welches mit dem Eingang der Spreizdüse 26 verschweißt ist.Further components of the thrust nozzle 22 are a rotatable one Adjustment ring 42, which can be moved in the axial direction by rotation, as well as a jacket 48 and a conical transition piece 50, which is welded to the inlet of the expansion nozzle 26.

An den in Fig. 1 schon gezeigten Preßluftanschluß 24 schließt sich eine Vorkammer 52 an, welche über Bohrungen 54 mit einem Stauraum 56 verbunden ist. Die Innenwandung des Verstellringes 42 bildet von dem Stauraum 56 zu dem Fadenführungsraum 60 eine Zuführung in Form einer Lavalerweiterung 46 mit einem Luftaustritt 44.A prechamber 52 connects to the compressed air connection 24 already shown in FIG. 1 and is connected to a storage space 56 via bores 54. The inner wall of the adjustment ring 42 forms a feed in the form of a lava extension 46 with an air outlet 44 from the storage space 56 to the thread guide space 60.

Der engste Querschnitt ist mit der Bezugsziffer 58 bezeichnet, und L gibt die Länge der Lavalerweiterung 46 an. Zur Einstellung des Luftdruckes am Luftaustritt 44 kann die Länge L der Lavalerweiterung 46 durch Verdrehen des Verstellringes 42 beeinflußt werden.The narrowest cross-section is designated by reference numeral 58, and L indicates the length of the Laval extension 46. In order to adjust the air pressure at the air outlet 44, the length L of the Laval extension 46 can be influenced by turning the adjusting ring 42.

Zu diesem Zweck sind der Mantel 48 sowie das erste Gewindeteil 34 axial und radial fixiert. Die Preßluft V₂; p₂ strömt durch den Preßluftanschluß 24 in die Vorkammer 52 und über die Bohrungen 54 in den Stauraum 56 und anschließend durch den engsten Querschnitt 58 zum Luftaustritt 44 bzw. zur Lavalerweiterung 46. Um den Durchflußwiderstand der Schubdüse 22 gering zu halten, ist das zweite Gewindeteil 38 an seinem Ende bzw. Austritt und das konische Übergangsstück an seinem Eintritt konisch erweitert.For this purpose, the jacket 48 and the first threaded part 34 are fixed axially and radially. The compressed air V₂; p₂ flows through the compressed air connection 24 into the pre-chamber 52 and through the holes 54 in the storage space 56 and then through the narrowest cross-section 58 to the air outlet 44 or to the Laval extension 46. To the flow resistance of the nozzle 22 low to hold, the second threaded part 38 is flared at its end or outlet and the conical transition piece at its inlet.

In Fig. 1 sind der Durchmesser des Fadenabzugsrohres 16 mit d₁ und die Länge mit l₁ bezeichnet, während d₂ und l₂ den Durchmesser bzw. die Länge des Fadenführungsrohres 20 angeben. Durch die Einschaltung der Schubdüse 22 können die Längen/Durchmesserverhältnisse variiert werden.In Fig. 1, the diameter of the thread take-off tube 16 is denoted by d 1 and the length by l 1, while d 2 and l 2 indicate the diameter or the length of the thread guide tube 20. The length / diameter ratios can be varied by switching on the thrust nozzle 22.

Das Verhältnis l₁/d₁ beträgt zur Erzielung einer optimalen Fadenabzugskraft etwa 110. Das Fadenführungsrohr 20 bestimmt maßgeblich den Durchflußwiderstand, und hier wird das Verhältnis l₂/d₂ so gewählt, daß sich der weiter oben schon genannte Durchflußwiderstand von kleiner als 0,01 bar ergibt. Selbstverständlich sind für die genannten Verhältnisse im Rahmen der Erfindung auch andere Werte möglich.The ratio l₁ / d₁ is about 110 to achieve an optimal thread pulling force. The thread guide tube 20 largely determines the flow resistance, and here the ratio l₂ / d₂ is chosen so that the flow resistance mentioned above results in less than 0.01 bar. Of course, other values are also possible for the conditions mentioned within the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

  1. Process for producing an fleece from filaments (10), which under the influence of a gaseous blowing agent, are removed at high speed as a plurality of filaments from spinnerets and alter traversing a tubular thread discharge device (16,20) are placed on a substrate (32) for forming the fleece, a thread discharge nozzle (12) located at the inlet of the thread discharge device (16,20), for obtaining the desired thread discharge force, is supplied with the gaseous blowing agent under a given inlet pressure (p₁) (compressed air pressure) and with a given inlet volume (V₁) (compressed air quantity), characterized in that also in the vicinity of the out let of the thread discharge device (16,20) is supplied a gaseous blowing agent with a lower pressure (p₂) and volume (V₂) by means of an additional thrust nozzle (22) and that simultaneously the inlet pressure (p₁) and the inlet volume (V₁) are reduced.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet pressure (p₁) and the inlet volume (V₁) are reduced in such away that the length/diameter ratio (l₁/d₁; l₂/d₂) of the thread discharge tube (16) forming the thread discharge device and the thread guidance tube (20) is chosen in such a way that the thread discharge force present without the additional blowing agent supply is maintained.
  3. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the length/diameter ratio (l₁/d₁) of the thread discharge tube (16) is between 80 and 180.
  4. Process according to one of the preceding claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the pressure ratio of the absolute inlet pressure (p₁) at the thread discharge nozzle (12) to the pressure (p₂) at the thrust nozzle (22) is higher than 3.
  5. Process according to one of the preceding claims 1 - 4, characterized in that, following onto the thrust nozzle, the filaments (10) are fed to a spreading nozzle (26) with Coanda shells, in order to spread the threads (30) prior to placing on the substrate (32).
  6. Apparatus for performing the process with a thread discharge nozle issuing into a thread discharge tube and a thread guidance tube following the latter and to which is connected a spreading nozzle, characterized in that on the end of the thread guidance tube (20) facing the spreading nozzle (26) is placed a thrust nozzle (22) and that the latter issues into the spreading nozzle (26).
  7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the thrust nozzle (22) has an adjustable Laval extension (46).
  8. Apparatus according to one of the claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the thrust nozzle (22) is placed by means of screw connections between the thread guidance tube (20) and the spreading nozzle (26).
  9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the length/diameter ratio (l₁/d₁) of the thread discharge tube (16) is between 80 and 180.
  10. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 9, characterized in that a transition cone (18) between the thread discharge tube (16) and the thread guidance tube has a cone angle of less than 8°.
  11. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the thrust nozzle (22) has a compressed air connection (24) to which is connected an antichamber (52), which is connected by bores (54) to a damming-back zone (56).
  12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the damming-back zone (56) issues via a constricted cross-section (58) into a tubular thread guidance zone (60), to which is connected the spreading nozzle (26).
  13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the thread guidance zone (60) issues via a conical transition piece (50) into the spreading nozzle (26).
  14. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the thrust nozzle (22) has an inner adjusting ring (42), which is axially displaceable by turning, so that the Laval enlargement (46) can be modified.
  15. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the dimensions of the thread guidance tube (20) are so chosen that the flow resistance is smaller than 0.01 bar.
EP86730191A 1985-11-21 1986-11-21 Method for making a fleece of filaments, and apparatus for carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP0223734B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86730191T ATE67800T1 (en) 1985-11-21 1986-11-21 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FLEECE FROM CONTINUOUS FILAMENTS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853541128 DE3541128A1 (en) 1985-11-21 1985-11-21 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLEECE FROM CONTINUOUS FEEDS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
DE3541128 1985-11-21

Publications (3)

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EP0223734A2 EP0223734A2 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0223734A3 EP0223734A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0223734B1 true EP0223734B1 (en) 1991-09-25

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EP86730191A Expired - Lifetime EP0223734B1 (en) 1985-11-21 1986-11-21 Method for making a fleece of filaments, and apparatus for carrying out the method

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US (2) US4847035A (en)
EP (1) EP0223734B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62206072A (en)
AT (1) ATE67800T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3541128A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026463T3 (en)

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JP2842677B2 (en) * 1990-08-27 1999-01-06 三井化学株式会社 Air gun for nonwoven fabric production
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JPS62206072A (en) 1987-09-10
US4964197A (en) 1990-10-23
ES2026463T3 (en) 1992-05-01
DE3541128C2 (en) 1989-08-17
US4847035A (en) 1989-07-11
EP0223734A2 (en) 1987-05-27
ATE67800T1 (en) 1991-10-15
DE3541128A1 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0223734A3 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3681692D1 (en) 1991-10-31
JPH0140142B2 (en) 1989-08-25

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