EP0216770A1 - Device for damping oscillations - Google Patents

Device for damping oscillations

Info

Publication number
EP0216770A1
EP0216770A1 EP19850902702 EP85902702A EP0216770A1 EP 0216770 A1 EP0216770 A1 EP 0216770A1 EP 19850902702 EP19850902702 EP 19850902702 EP 85902702 A EP85902702 A EP 85902702A EP 0216770 A1 EP0216770 A1 EP 0216770A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oscillations
container
particles
construction
small bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19850902702
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bengt Persson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab AB
Original Assignee
Saab Scania AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saab Scania AB filed Critical Saab Scania AB
Publication of EP0216770A1 publication Critical patent/EP0216770A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/01—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using friction between loose particles, e.g. sand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/001—Vibration damping devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/001—Vibration damping devices
    • B64C2027/005—Vibration damping devices using suspended masses

Definitions

  • a device for damping oscillations in a construction (1) particu ⁇ larly a part of an aircraft as a stabilizer or the like, which is exposed to oscillat-ions with an acceleration exceeding 1g, comprising at least one container (3) applied in the con- struction and which is defined by bottom and ceiling surfaces
  • buffeting which is an aero- elastic response phenomenon that is excited by randomly varying air forces.
  • This buffeting problem and other oscillation problems can gene ⁇ rally be affected in two ways, either by reducing the influence of the disturbing source or by limiting the response of the construction.
  • the influence of the buffeting source can to a certain extent be affected by improving the aerodynamic characteristics in the early project stages of the aircraft, whereafter suitable wind tunnel test can be carried out in order to confirm if the oscillation problem has got an acceptable solution.
  • the influence by the disturbing source can be limiteded, e.g. by suitable means for balancing and suspen ⁇ ding the construction.
  • unanticipated oscillation pheno ⁇ mena often arise, in spite of different measures of the kind me ⁇ - tioned above being taken during the early project stages, and such problems are then not discovered until the actual construc ⁇ tion is operationally tested. In this situation there are many times nothing else to do but affecting the response of the con ⁇ struction. This can be done for instance by applying energy con- suming dynamic systems in the form of spring suspended weights or the like which by their own energy consumption strive to bring the construction to stillness or by measures or devices of static nature changing the critical frequencies of the construction, the latter being seldom successful.
  • Known dynamic damping devices have the disadvantage of making the construction more complicated and have limited effect as they work only at a certain frequency or anyhow in a very narrow frequency range. It is known before to try to damp oscillations in heavy constructions, as antenna masts, by enclosing hanging chains or linked weights in a container or in a cavity in the con ⁇ struction. The damping effect in such a device is poor, in re ⁇ lation to the required volume and weight and the function is very dependant of the frequency. The conditions for applying the known damping .devices in aircraft constructions are therefore missing, because it is here a desideratum to achieve highest possible damping effect with least possible sacrifice of volume and weight and also to damp serious oscillations occuring over a wide fre ⁇ quency range.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device which fulfills the demands mentioned above.
  • the damping effect of this device is achieved by the fact that the oscillation energy, independent of frequency, to a great extent is transformed to kinetic energy in the particles or small bodies, whereafter this kinetic energy as a consequence of mutual friction between the particles and friction between the particles and the innerwalls of the container in its turn is transformed to heat energy, which can be conducted to the surrounding.
  • This kind of damping by friction premises as mentioned by way of introduction, that the acceleration of the oscillations exceeds 1g.
  • the innerwalls of the container can be provided with rough surfaces and for the same reason the particles or small bodies can have rough surfaces and an irregular shape.
  • lead chips or lead balls are utilized and they shall occupy the container to about 75. ⁇ .
  • a suitable size of the particles is 1 - 3 mm.
  • Fig 1 is a longitudinal section along the line I - I in Fig 2 showing a damping device according to the present invention, applied in an aircraft structure.
  • Fig 2 shows the damping device according to Fig 1 in a cross sec ⁇ tion II - II in Fig 1.
  • Fig 3 shows how another embodiment of the device is installed in an aircraft stabilizer.
  • Fig 4 shows the device in Fig 3 in an exploded view.
  • Fig 1 a mechanical construction is schematically shown with dash and dot lines.
  • the construction can be a part of an aircraft structure and it is assumed to be affected by external forces which strive to bring the construction into an oscillatory move ⁇ ment, back and forth, in the direction indicated by the arrow A.
  • the numeral 2 designates a damping device which is applied in an air ⁇ craft structure 1 to damp these oscillations according to the "invention.
  • the device 2 comprises a container 3 which is made like an elongated box with three side walls 4 and whose remaining side is covered by a cover 5 which can be fixed to the container.
  • the container will hereby, which can be seen in Fig 2, get a rectangular shape in the cross section and forms a cavity which in the longitudinal direction is limited by a bottom surface 6 and a ceiling surface 7, preferably of a semi-cylindrical shape, and by the inner sur ⁇ faces of the sidewalls 4 and cover 5.
  • This cavity contains a mass consisting of particles or small bodies 9 which occupies the con- tainer up to a level 10 which preferably is located at 3/4 of the height of the container.
  • the particles or small bodies are metal and have rough, friction generating surfaces.
  • the partic ⁇ les are preferably lead chips or lead balls.
  • the container 3 has external flanges 8 for securing the device 2 to the construction 1 in such a position that its longitudinal direction is oriented in the oscillation direction A.
  • the inner- walls of the container suitably have rough surfaces.
  • the surfaces of the ceiling 6 and the bottom 7 are rough and have the direction of their surface normals N deviating from the oscil- lating direction A.
  • this effect can be achieved with different shapes of the bottom and ceiling surfaces, e.g. surfaces composed of one or more flat in ⁇ clined surface elements or semispherical surfaces, to mention some.
  • Fig 3 shows the tip of an aircraft stabilizer in which, as a consequence of e.g. buffeting oscillations occur in the direc ⁇ tion A.
  • numeral 12 is designated a damping device which is integrated in the construction 1 and which embodiment is condi- tioned by the demand of enclosing a device containing a suf ⁇ ficient damping mass in an available space. Consequently the numeral 12 relates to a damping device which is realized to fit like a supporting element in the structure of the stabilizer 1, preferably in a rib 13.
  • the containers 3 are formed by two housing halves 15 and 16 and a separating wall 17. This wall is tight and has the same extension in the ribs plane as the flanges 18 extending around the housing halves. Analogue to the previously described embodiment there is a cavity formed in each container and which cavity is defined by a bottom surface 6 and a ceiling surface 7, the inner surfaces of the sidewalls 4 of the container and on the remaining side by one of the plane surfaces of the separating wall 17.
  • the internal geometry can be the same as in the device previously described and the container is closed by attaching the housing halves 15 and 16 with the screw joint 19 and 20, on each side of the separating wall 17.
  • the container is at least to the half of its height filled with particles or small bodies 9, i.e.
  • one housing half is provided with particles or small bodies so that every container is filled up to the correct level relative to the upper side of the flange 18, whereafter the separating wall 17 is attached as a cover and the housing half can be turned upside down to be fit together with the other housing half containing particles or small bodies. Screw joints 19 and 20 or the like keep the device together and fix it to the rib 13.
  • the material in all the containers will be jerked up and down, provied that the acceleration exceeds 1g.
  • the damping effect of the device is achieved, as mentioned before, by transforming the oscillation energy in the structure of the stabilizer to kinetic energy in the particles or small bodies and this kinetic energy is transformed to heat by friction.
  • the space in the os- cillation direction A is limited, an effective damping is achieved with this device.
  • the effect is not limited to a certain fre ⁇ quency or a narrow frequency range, but is generally independent of the frequency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif d'amortissement d'oscillations dans une construction (1) en particulier une partie d'avion, comme un stabilisateur ou autres, qui est exposée à des oscillations avec une accélération supérieure à 1 g, comprend au moins un conteneur (3) appliqué sur la construction. Le conteneur possède des surfaces de fond et de toit (6, 7) ayant leurs surfaces normales (N) dans des directions déviant de la direction d'oscillations (A). Dans une large mesure, le volume du conteneur est occupé par une masse de particules ou petits corps mobiles (9) qui, lorsque le dispositif est exposé à des oscillations, consument par un travail de friction l'énergie oscillatoire provenant de la construction et amortissent ainsi les oscillations.An oscillation damping device in a construction (1) in particular an airplane part, such as a stabilizer or the like, which is exposed to oscillations with an acceleration greater than 1 g, comprises at least one container (3) applied on construction. The container has bottom and roof surfaces (6, 7) having their normal surfaces (N) in directions deviating from the direction of oscillations (A). To a large extent, the volume of the container is occupied by a mass of particles or small mobile bodies (9) which, when the device is exposed to oscillations, consume by a work of friction the oscillatory energy coming from the construction and dampen thus the oscillations.

Description

Device for damping oscillations
A device for damping oscillations in a construction (1), particu¬ larly a part of an aircraft as a stabilizer or the like, which is exposed to oscillat-ions with an acceleration exceeding 1g, comprising at least one container (3) applied in the con- struction and which is defined by bottom and ceiling surfaces
(6, 7) spaced apart in the oscillation direction (A) and sidewalls (4) extending therebetween, said container containing movable elements counteracting the oscillations.
Oscillations or vibrations arise in many situations where mecha- nical constructions are combined with power sources of different kinds or are exposed to external forces. The oscillations cause disturbancies in sensitive equipment and have a negative effect on the strength of the construction. If the construction in question is a part of a transportation means, e.g. an aircraft, the oscillations will considerably reduce the comfort of both the passengers and the crew. Consequently there is a great demand for reducing the effect of the oscillations by damping them at the greatest extent or, if possible, to prevent them from arising.
In a flying aircraft so called buffeting arises, which is an aero- elastic response phenomenon that is excited by randomly varying air forces.
This buffeting problem and other oscillation problems can gene¬ rally be affected in two ways, either by reducing the influence of the disturbing source or by limiting the response of the construction.
The influence of the buffeting source can to a certain extent be affected by improving the aerodynamic characteristics in the early project stages of the aircraft, whereafter suitable wind tunnel test can be carried out in order to confirm if the oscillation problem has got an acceptable solution. In other technical fields the influence by the disturbing source can be limiteded, e.g. by suitable means for balancing and suspen¬ ding the construction. However, unanticipated oscillation pheno¬ mena often arise, in spite of different measures of the kind meπ- tioned above being taken during the early project stages, and such problems are then not discovered until the actual construc¬ tion is operationally tested. In this situation there are many times nothing else to do but affecting the response of the con¬ struction. This can be done for instance by applying energy con- suming dynamic systems in the form of spring suspended weights or the like which by their own energy consumption strive to bring the construction to stillness or by measures or devices of static nature changing the critical frequencies of the construction, the latter being seldom successful.
Known dynamic damping devices have the disadvantage of making the construction more complicated and have limited effect as they work only at a certain frequency or anyhow in a very narrow frequency range. It is known before to try to damp oscillations in heavy constructions, as antenna masts, by enclosing hanging chains or linked weights in a container or in a cavity in the con¬ struction. The damping effect in such a device is poor, in re¬ lation to the required volume and weight and the function is very dependant of the frequency. The conditions for applying the known damping .devices in aircraft constructions are therefore missing, because it is here a desideratum to achieve highest possible damping effect with least possible sacrifice of volume and weight and also to damp serious oscillations occuring over a wide fre¬ quency range. The object of the present invention is to provide a device which fulfills the demands mentioned above.
This object is achieved with a device which is of the kind men¬ tioned by way of introduction and has the characteristics accor¬ ding to claim 1.
The damping effect of this device is achieved by the fact that the oscillation energy, independent of frequency, to a great extent is transformed to kinetic energy in the particles or small bodies, whereafter this kinetic energy as a consequence of mutual friction between the particles and friction between the particles and the innerwalls of the container in its turn is transformed to heat energy, which can be conducted to the surrounding. This kind of damping by friction premises, as mentioned by way of introduction, that the acceleration of the oscillations exceeds 1g.
In order to obtain a high friction and thereby improve the dam¬ ping effect the innerwalls of the container can be provided with rough surfaces and for the same reason the particles or small bodies can have rough surfaces and an irregular shape. Preferably lead chips or lead balls are utilized and they shall occupy the container to about 75.ά. A suitable size of the particles is 1 - 3 mm.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig 1 is a longitudinal section along the line I - I in Fig 2 showing a damping device according to the present invention, applied in an aircraft structure.
Fig 2 shows the damping device according to Fig 1 in a cross sec¬ tion II - II in Fig 1.
Fig 3 shows how another embodiment of the device is installed in an aircraft stabilizer.
Fig 4 shows the device in Fig 3 in an exploded view.
In Fig 1 a mechanical construction is schematically shown with dash and dot lines. The construction can be a part of an aircraft structure and it is assumed to be affected by external forces which strive to bring the construction into an oscillatory move¬ ment, back and forth, in the direction indicated by the arrow A.
The numeral 2 designates a damping device which is applied in an air¬ craft structure 1 to damp these oscillations according to the "invention.
The device 2 comprises a container 3 which is made like an elongated box with three side walls 4 and whose remaining side is covered by a cover 5 which can be fixed to the container. The container will hereby, which can be seen in Fig 2, get a rectangular shape in the cross section and forms a cavity which in the longitudinal direction is limited by a bottom surface 6 and a ceiling surface 7, preferably of a semi-cylindrical shape, and by the inner sur¬ faces of the sidewalls 4 and cover 5. This cavity contains a mass consisting of particles or small bodies 9 which occupies the con- tainer up to a level 10 which preferably is located at 3/4 of the height of the container. The particles or small bodies are metal and have rough, friction generating surfaces. The partic¬ les are preferably lead chips or lead balls.
The container 3 has external flanges 8 for securing the device 2 to the construction 1 in such a position that its longitudinal direction is oriented in the oscillation direction A. The inner- walls of the container suitably have rough surfaces. Likewise the surfaces of the ceiling 6 and the bottom 7 are rough and have the direction of their surface normals N deviating from the oscil- lating direction A. Hereby, as a consequence of the oscillation the particles or small bodies will be jerked towards and from the bottom and ceiling surfaces and constrained to collide with each other and with the side walls in crossing directions. It is appearant that this effect can be achieved with different shapes of the bottom and ceiling surfaces, e.g. surfaces composed of one or more flat in¬ clined surface elements or semispherical surfaces, to mention some. The alternative embodiment which is shown in Fig 3 - 4 is particu¬ larly adapted for an aircraft stabilizer. Parts corresponding with parts in Fig 1 - 2 have the same designations. Fig 3 shows the tip of an aircraft stabilizer in which, as a consequence of e.g. buffeting oscillations occur in the direc¬ tion A. By numeral 12 is designated a damping device which is integrated in the construction 1 and which embodiment is condi- tioned by the demand of enclosing a device containing a suf¬ ficient damping mass in an available space. Consequently the numeral 12 relates to a damping device which is realized to fit like a supporting element in the structure of the stabilizer 1, preferably in a rib 13. Its extension in the direction A is here limited by the thickness of the stabilizer and to achieve enough damping effect the device has its largest extension in the chord direction. The construction is shown in detail in Fig 4 of which can be seen that the damping mass, consisting of particles or small bodies 9, of the same kind as in the device earlier des- cribed, is distributed to a number of containers 3. Hereby a uniform distribution of the mass can be maintained, even at excep¬ tional flight attitudes, when the particles can be exposed to forces in the length direction of the rib. In order to avoid torque on the rib 13 the containers 3 ought to be symmetrically arranged in relation to the rib.
The containers 3 are formed by two housing halves 15 and 16 and a separating wall 17. This wall is tight and has the same extension in the ribs plane as the flanges 18 extending around the housing halves. Analogue to the previously described embodiment there is a cavity formed in each container and which cavity is defined by a bottom surface 6 and a ceiling surface 7, the inner surfaces of the sidewalls 4 of the container and on the remaining side by one of the plane surfaces of the separating wall 17. The internal geometry can be the same as in the device previously described and the container is closed by attaching the housing halves 15 and 16 with the screw joint 19 and 20, on each side of the separating wall 17. The container is at least to the half of its height filled with particles or small bodies 9, i.e. in the resting condition the distance from the bottom surface 6 to the level 10 is at least as great as the distance from the level to the ceiling surface 7. When assembling, one housing half is provided with particles or small bodies so that every container is filled up to the correct level relative to the upper side of the flange 18, whereafter the separating wall 17 is attached as a cover and the housing half can be turned upside down to be fit together with the other housing half containing particles or small bodies. Screw joints 19 and 20 or the like keep the device together and fix it to the rib 13.
When the stabilizer oscillates in the direction A, the material in all the containers will be jerked up and down, provied that the acceleration exceeds 1g. The damping effect of the device is achieved, as mentioned before, by transforming the oscillation energy in the structure of the stabilizer to kinetic energy in the particles or small bodies and this kinetic energy is transformed to heat by friction. Although the space in the os- cillation direction A is limited, an effective damping is achieved with this device. The effect is not limited to a certain fre¬ quency or a narrow frequency range, but is generally independent of the frequency.

Claims

Claims
1. A device for damping oscillations in a construction (1), particularly a part of an aircraft as a stabilizer or the like, which is exposed to oscillations with an acceleration exceeding 1g, comprising at least one container (3) applied in the construction and which is defined by bottom and ceiling surfaces (6, 7) spaced apart in the oscillation direction (A) and sidewalls (4) extending therebetween, said container con¬ taining movable elements counteracting the oscillations, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said elements consist of a mass of particles or small bodies (9), which are free to move relative to each other and to the container, which mass in its resting condition has a level (10) which is located at least as far away from the bottom surface(6) as from the ceiling surface (7), and that said surfaces are so formed that the direction of their surface normals (N)devi- ate from the oscillation direction (A), whereby particles or small bodies of the mass, when jerked towards and from the cei¬ ling and bottom surfaces due to the oscillations, are con¬ strained to impact with each other and with the sidewalls in crossing directions.
2. The device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z¬ e d in that the particles or small bodies (9) are irregular in shape and have rough friction generating surfaces.
3. The device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said level (10) is located at 3/4 of the distance from the bottom surface (6) to the ceiling surface (7).
4. The device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the bottom and ceiling surfaces (6, 7) have spherical or semi-cylindrical shape.
5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z¬ e d in that the particles or small bodies (9) consist of lead chips or lead balls.
EP19850902702 1984-05-18 1985-05-13 Device for damping oscillations Withdrawn EP0216770A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8402680 1984-05-18
SE8402680A SE442048B (en) 1984-05-18 1984-05-18 DEVICE FOR ATTENTION OF VEHICLES OF A CONSTRUCTION, SEPARATELY AN AIRPLANE PART

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0216770A1 true EP0216770A1 (en) 1987-04-08

Family

ID=20355925

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850902702 Withdrawn EP0216770A1 (en) 1984-05-18 1985-05-13 Device for damping oscillations

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0216770A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8609628A1 (en)
SE (1) SE442048B (en)
WO (1) WO1985005425A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4744604A (en) * 1985-04-08 1988-05-17 Federal-Mogul Corporation Vibration damping device and a method for a road planer and the like
EP0218642B1 (en) * 1985-04-08 1989-10-25 Federal-Mogul Corporation Vibration damping device and method for a road planer and the like
US5290973A (en) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-01 Kwoh Frederick Y S Acoustic damping device
FR2747364B1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1998-07-03 Aerospatiale METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DAMPING VIBRATIONS OR PREVENTING THEIR APPEARANCE ON AIRCRAFT CELLS IN TRANSSONIC FLIGHT
JP3863333B2 (en) 1999-05-20 2006-12-27 株式会社日立製作所 Railway vehicle, railcar bogie and connecting member
GB9926199D0 (en) 1999-11-05 2000-01-12 Rolls Royce Plc A particle vibration damper for a non-rotating component of a gas turbine engine
TW474876B (en) * 2000-01-14 2002-02-01 Hitachi Ltd Railway vehicle and railway vehicle use bogie car
JP2001199334A (en) * 2000-01-17 2001-07-24 Hitachi Ltd Rolling stock
FR2807810B1 (en) 2000-04-12 2002-11-22 Eurocopter France DAMPING STRUCTURE AND APPLICATIONS
US20060225980A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 Simonian Stepan S Tunable adjustable multi-element hybrid particle damper
WO2008119352A2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A wind turbine comprising one or more oscillation dampers
US8567230B2 (en) 2011-08-22 2013-10-29 Nissan North America, Inc. Impact test fixture
DE102018007953A1 (en) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-09 Senvion Gmbh Rotor blade of a wind turbine with a particle damping device and a manufacturing method therefor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8505425A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985005425A1 (en) 1985-12-05
ES8609628A1 (en) 1986-07-16
ES543244A0 (en) 1986-07-16
SE442048B (en) 1985-11-25
SE8402680D0 (en) 1984-05-18

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