EP0216201A1 - Ground anchoring device for tensioning elements - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for anchoring a traction member comprising an anchoring element which is a molded piece with a transverse cross section small compared to the longitudinal cross section thereof and an insertable guiding rod couplable detachably with the anchoring element and alignable longitudinally with it. An attaching piece for the traction member is mounted laterally on the anchoring element with spacing from both ends of it. An anchoring body of the anchoring element is provided with a cutter like tapered front end and on a rear end has a sectioning for nonrotatable engagement with the insertable guiding rod. The attaching piece for the traction member is mounted between the center of gravity of the anchoring body and the front end of the anchoring body. At and/or near the attaching piece for the traction member an arm is mounted so as to be limitedly pivotable the rear end of which is associated with the rear end of the anchoring body. By spreading the arm with respect to the anchoring body the process of anchoring in the earth is optimized.

Description

The invention relates to a device for anchoring tension members, such as ropes, chains or the like, in the grown or heaped up soil, consisting of an anchor body designed as a molded part with a small cross-sectional area relative to its length and from a longitudinally orientable on the anchor body and detachable therewith detachable driving and guide rod, the attachment point of the tension member being provided on the side of the anchor body at a distance from both ends thereof.

Devices of the generic type are already known as so-called ground or ground anchors, as can be seen, for example, from US Pat. No. 972,306 and DE-PS 27 11 979.

In the known ground or ground anchors, an anchor body is used, which is cut at its rear end at an angle to the longitudinal axis and bent outward in a lip shape, and on the side opposite to the outward bend of the rear end between its center of gravity and its rear end the attachment point for the tension member is provided.

While according to US Pat. No. 972,306, the anchor body consists of a substantially flat steel plate, which is cut at both ends in the manner of an arrowhead, and one on a flat side of the same by welded or riveted attachment shoe for the drive-in and guide rod, the latter also having an eyelet for fastening the tension member, is made according to DE-PS 27 11 979 the anchor body from a tubular section, the cavity for receiving the drive-in and Guide rod is suitable and has a molded taper in the front end to form an abutment shoulder for the drive rod.

The ground or ground anchor according to DE-PS 27 11 979 has compared to that according to US-PS 972 306 the advantage that it can be made in one piece without difficulty from a pipe section that does not have to be provided with any additional elements or attachments , because the attachment point for the tension member can consist of a cut-out tube part that is pressed out like a handle.

A disadvantage of both known ground or ground anchors, however, is that, for the purpose of automatically swiveling in their anchoring position when force is exerted on the tension member, they must not only be cut obliquely to the longitudinal axis at their rear end and provided with a lip-shaped bend, but also also the Attachment point for the tension member must be provided so that it is on the opposite side of the downward bend of the rear end and between the center of gravity of the anchor body and its rear end.

Practical experience has shown that the previously known design of the ground or ground anchors can no longer be easily removed in the event of an inadvertently incorrect driving into grown or heaped up soil, but is lost for use unless it is opened awkward and time consuming way of digging up from the ground.

The desirability of pulling the ground or ground anchor out of the driving channel that is formed after faulty driving is blocked by the special shape of its rear end, which is cut obliquely to the longitudinal axis and bent outward in the shape of a lip, because this is caused by a backward force that is only exerted by the traction mechanism can, digs into the surrounding soil and, as a result, is also undesirably inclined towards its anchoring position when it is still in engagement with the drive-in and guide rod used to drive it into the ground.

Another disadvantage of the known ground or ground anchors is that they cannot be easily driven into stony ground. In the case of the ground or ground anchor according to US-PS 972 306, the front tip of the steel plate is relatively easily bent sideways when it hits a flat, thicker stone, thereby preventing further penetration into a sufficient depth of the ground.

Even the ground or ground anchor according to DE-PS 27 11 979 cannot pass through transverse stones because of its relatively large, annular end face and is thereby prevented from being driven in sufficiently deep.

The purpose of the invention is to remedy the shortcomings peculiar to the known ground or ground anchors.

The invention is therefore based on the object at the outset To improve the specified device for anchoring tension members, such as ropes, chains or the like, in the grown or also heaped up earth so that it can be pulled out and reused easily and not only in the event of a faulty driving in from the formed driving-in channel and enough tiege relieved even in stony soils, but at the same time brings about a significantly improved anchoring in the ground after proper driving.

The stated object is achieved according to the invention primarily in that, according to the characterizing part of claim 1, the anchor body is designed as a shaped piece with a tapered front end section and at the same time at its rear end with a profile for the non-rotatable positive engagement of the driver - And guide rod is provided that the attachment point of the tension member is provided between the center of gravity and the front end of the anchor body and that at the or in the area of the attachment point of the tension member is pivotally limited an arm whose rear end is assigned to the rear end of the anchor body is.

These measures not only facilitate the correct driving in of the anchor body to the desired depth even on stony soils, but also ensure that an anchor body that is inadvertently incorrectly placed is pulled out of the drive channel again by means of the used drive-in and guide rod and then then can be used again. Since the rear end of the arm can be gripped by the driving and guide rod at the same time as the rear end of the armature body, the same is spread apart relative to the armature body only possible after the drive-in and guide rod has been removed. The tapered, front end of the anchor body only facilitates penetration into normal floors, but also contributes to the splitting of stones that are located in the area of the drive channel in the floor. The splitting of such stones is facilitated because the anchor body can not only be rotated about its longitudinal axis during the driving-in process with the help of the driving-in and guide rod, but at the same time also by more or less strong inclination of the driving-in and guide rod from the area of the obstacle Stone can be distracted. The spreading movement of the arm relative to the anchor body results in a barb or fan effect, which significantly improves the hold in the ground.

A further development of the anchor body has proven itself, in which, according to claim 2, the arm can be swung out from a parallel position to the anchor body into an acute-angled inclined position relative to it.

The spreading of the arm relative to the anchor body is favored according to claim 3 in that the arm has blade-like deformations at its rear end which cut into the earth when a force is exerted on the tension member and force the lateral pivoting-out movement of the arm.

A structurally and functionally favorable design of the device according to the invention is achieved according to claim 4 in that both the anchor body and the arm have a T-shaped cross section and are articulated with each other via their T-web.

Another design of the device is characterized in that both the anchor body and the arm have a U-shaped cross-section and are articulated to one another via their U-legs. This configuration is suitable for use with particularly heavy-duty ground or ground anchors.

A particularly powerful design of the device according to the invention results if, according to claim 6, support stops are formed on the joint-side end of the arm to limit its pivoted-out inclination position.

In some cases, however, it is also advisable if the anchor body and arm are detachably connected to one another and to the tension member via their common joint axis.

The spreading effect of the arm relative to the anchor body is finally further promoted by the fact that the tension member can be placed on the redistribution surfaces of the arm at least with its lower end section corresponding to its length. When force is exerted on the tension member, the arm is forcibly pivoted out relative to the anchor body and thus advantageously supports the desirable spreading process.

• Figur 1 den verkleinerten Maßstab den Gesamtaufbau einer Vor­richtung zur Verankerung von Zuggliedern im Erdreich zum Zeitpunkt der Beendigung des Eintreibvorgangs,
• Figur 2 die Vorrichtung nach Figur 1 bei am unteren Ende des Eintreibkanals in Wirklage gestellter Ankervorrichtung,
• Figur 3 nahezu in natürlicher Größe und Seitenansicht den Hauptbestandteil einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Verankerung von Zuggliedern im Erdreich mit dem unteren Ende einer zuge­hörigen Eintreib- und Führungsstange,
• Figur 4 den Vorrichtungsteil nach Figur 3 in Pfeil­richtung IV,
• Figur 5 die Verankerungsvorrichtung nach den Figuren 3 und 4 in gespreizter Wirkstellung und
• Figur 6 in Raumformdarstellung und gespreizter Wirkla­ge eine Ausbildungsvariante des Hauptbestand­teils einer Vorrichtung zur Verankerung von Zuggliedern im Erdreich.

Further features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention are explained below using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it

• FIG. 1 shows the reduced scale, the overall construction of a device for anchoring tension members in the ground at the time of the completion of the driving process,
• FIG. 2 shows the device according to FIG. 1 with the anchor device placed in the active position at the lower end of the driving channel,
• 3 almost in natural size and side view, the main component of an inventive device for anchoring tension members in the ground with the lower end of an associated drive-in and guide rod,
• FIG. 4 shows the device part according to FIG. 3 in the direction of arrow IV,
• 5 shows the anchoring device according to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the spread operative position and
• FIG. 6 shows a variant of the main component of a device for anchoring tension members in the ground in a three-dimensional representation and spread active position.

It is often necessary to anchor tension members 31, for example ropes, chains or the like, in grown or also heaped-up soil with as little work as possible, but sufficiently secure for the respective application.

In order to make this possible, special anchoring devices 32 are required, which consist of an anchor element 33 with a small cross-sectional area relative to its length and of a drive-in and guide rod 34 which can be aligned longitudinally on this anchor element 33 and can be detachably coupled to it, as shown in FIG 1 of the drawing can be seen.

The anchor element 33 consists of an anchor body 33 a and an arm 33 b articulated to a limited extent at 35, the free or rear end of which is adjacent to the rear end of the anchor body 33 during the driving process into the soil 7, as is shown in FIGS , 3 and 4 is recognizable.

On the anchor element 33, specifically in the region of the articulation point 35 of the arm 33 b on the anchor body 33 a, the tension member 31 engages, for example, a plastic-coated steel cable, a chain or the like.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the anchor element 33 can be driven into the grown soil 37 from above with the aid of the drive-in and guide rod 34 to form a drive-in channel 36. For this purpose, more or less forceful hammer blows are applied to the upper end of the driving-in and guide rod 34 provided with a thickened head part 38. By means of two radially and towards opposite sides holding, guiding and rotary drive handles 39, which are provided below the thickened head part 38, the driving and guiding rod 34 and with it also the anchor element 33 during the driving process can be adjusted not only to the Rotate the longitudinal axis as desired, but it is also possible to influence the driving direction of the anchor element 33 into the soil 37.

When the anchor element 33 is driven into the soil 37, the tension member 31 is also drawn into the drive channel 6 with the respective drive depth because it is connected to the anchor element 33.

From Figures 3 to 5 of the drawing it can be seen that not only the anchor body 33 a, but also the attached 35 pivotally applied arm consists of a shaped piece, which may have, for example, a T-shaped cross section, as is indicated in FIG. 5 by dash-dotted and hatched markings.

The front end portion 40 of the anchor body 33 a is provided on all three profile sections of the T-cross section with bevels, so that it ends in a tip towards the free end. The rear end 42 of the anchor body 33 a, however, forms with its entire T-cross-section a flat support or stop surface for the front end of the driving and guide rod 34, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 3. The arm 33 b of the anchor element 33 has at its end, which is adjacent to the joint 35 formed by a head pin, a stop surface 43 on its T-web, which limits its pivoting angle relative to the anchor body 33 a like that in a comparison of FIGS. 3 and 5 is immediately clear. The rear end 44 of the arm 33 b is assigned to the rear end 42 of the anchor body 33 a, provided that the arm 33 b assumes a parallel position to the anchor body 33 a (FIGS. 1 and 3). In the position shown in FIG. 3, the free, lower end of the driving-in and guide rod 34 together encompasses the rear ends 42 and 44 of anchor body 33 a and arm 33 b, as is made clear by FIG. 3. The drive-in and guide rod 34 with molded-in drive-in shoulders 45 rests on the rear end 42 of the anchor body 33 a and also encompasses this and the rear end 44 of the arm 33 b with a projecting edge 46 in a rotationally fixed manner. Rotation of the driving-in and guide rod 34 about its longitudinal axis thus also results in a corresponding rotation of the anchor element 33 about its longitudinal axis.

At the rear end 44 of the arm 33 b, the two T-legs lying in the same plane are provided with shovel-shaped deformations 47, as can be clearly seen in FIGS. 3 to 5.

The articulation point 35 of the arm 33 b on the anchor body 33 a and thus also the point of attack of the tension member 31 on the anchor element 33 has a distance 48 from the tip 41 at the front end portion 40 of the anchor body 33 a, which corresponds to at most half the total length of the latter, preferably however, is smaller than this. It is hereby ensured that when a tensile force is applied, the tension member 30 inevitably results in a certain inclination of the anchor body 33 a in the drive-in channel 36, which leads to a lateral deflection of the anchor body 33 a from the drive-in channel and thus digging its ends 41 and 42 directed away from one another in the surrounding earth 37.

Since during the deflection movement of the anchor body 33 a, the tension member 31 comes to rest on one of the two parallel profile legs of the arm 33 b and exerts a sideways force effect thereon, the arm 33 b is also pivoted about the articulation point 35 relative to the anchor body 33 a, while its blade-like deformations 37 dig in one direction into the surrounding soil 37, which leads away from the direction of burial of the end 42 of the anchor body 33 a. This results in a forced spreading apart of the arm 33 b relative to the anchor body 33 a until its support stop 43 abuts against the inside of a profile leg of the anchor body 33 a, as can be seen from FIG. 5. The spreading effect of the arm 33 b to the anchor body 33 a therefore has the result that the anchor element 33 enters into an optimal and high-strength connection with the soil 37.

In some cases, it can prove to be advantageous if the anchor body 33a and the arm 33b of the anchor element are detachably connected to one another and also to the tension member 31 via the joint bolt provided with a screw connection. In this case, it is possible to couple the arm 33 b to the anchor body 33 a only to form the anchor element 33 if the anchor element 33 is to have a high-strength anchoring connection with the surrounding soil 37.

FIG. 6 shows a variant of the anchor element 33 according to FIGS. 3 to 5. There, the anchor body 33 a and the arm 33 b do not have a T-shaped profile cross section, but rather each have a U-shaped profile cross section. The U-profile cross-sections are provided with their open U-sides facing each other and the hinge pin 35 passes through both U-legs of both the anchor body 33 a and the arm 33 b. In the free space between the two U-profiles, the tension member 31, for example a wire rope, then acts on the hinge pin 35 by means of a rope thimble.

Claims (9)

1. Device for anchoring tension members, such as ropes, chains or the like, in the grown or also heaped up soil, consisting of an anchor body designed as a molded part with a small cross-sectional area relative to its length and from a longitudinally orientable on the anchor body and detachably couplable rub-in and guide rod, the attachment point of the tension member being provided on the side of the anchor body at a distance from both ends thereof,
characterized,
that the armature body (33 a) is designed as a shaped piece with a cutting-like (41) tapered, front end section (40) and at the same time at its rear end (42) with a profile for the non-rotatable positive engagement (45, 46) of the driving and guide rod ( 34) is provided (Figure 3) that the attachment point (35) of the tension member (31) is provided between the center of gravity and the front end (41) of the anchor body (33 a), and that at or in the region of the attachment point (35 ) of the tension member (31) is pivotably limited to an arm (33 b), the rear end (44) of which is assigned to the rear end (42) of the anchor body (33 a), and which together with the anchor body (33 a) is an expandable one Forms anchor element (33). 2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the arm (33 b) can be swung out from a parallel position to the anchor body (33 a) (FIG. 3) into an acute-angled inclined position (FIG. 5). 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized,
that the arm (33 b) has at its rear end (44) shovel-like deformations (47) (Figures 3 and 5). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that both the armature body (33 a) and the arm (33 b) have a T-shaped cross section and are articulated to one another via their T web (35) (FIGS. 3 to 5). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that both the anchor body (33 a) and the arm (33 b) have a U-shaped cross section and are articulated to one another via their U legs (Figure 6). 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that at the joint end of the arm (33 b) support stops (43) are formed to limit its pivoted inclination position (Figures 5 and 6). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that anchor body (33 a) and arm (33 b) via their common hinge axis (35) with each other and with the tension member (31) are detachably connected. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the tension member (31 on the bearing surfaces of the arm (33 b) can be placed at least with its lower end section corresponding to its length (FIGS. 5 and 6). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that one of the components of the anchor element (33), for example. The anchor body (33 a) has a T-cross section, while the other component, for. B. the arm (33 b) of the same has a U-shaped profile cross-section and with its U-legs comprises the T-web of the anchor body (33 a).

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