EP0215527A1 - Electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine, and process for manufacturing it - Google Patents
Electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine, and process for manufacturing it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0215527A1 EP0215527A1 EP86201589A EP86201589A EP0215527A1 EP 0215527 A1 EP0215527 A1 EP 0215527A1 EP 86201589 A EP86201589 A EP 86201589A EP 86201589 A EP86201589 A EP 86201589A EP 0215527 A1 EP0215527 A1 EP 0215527A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- annular
- annular element
- armature
- centre core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0667—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature acting as a valve or having a short valve body attached thereto
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an electroinjector for the feed of fuel to an internal combustion engine, and to a process for the manufacturing thereof.
- More particularly, the invention relates to an electroinjector of the type comprising an encasing body, inside which a centre core is positioned of ferromagnetic material, at least partly surrounded by an actuator coil; a movable armature of ferromagnetic material, of substantially hollow cylindrical shape, and bearing at one of its ends a closure element suitable to interrupt, in one position of said armature, the passage of fuel through an injection nozzle under the action of a return spring; and an annular shoulder element impact-resistant and at least partly amagnetic, solid with the core and suitable to act as stop shoulder for an opposite end of said armature in another position of said armature in which the closure element leaves open the fuel passage through the injection nozzle, the armature being guided by a small tube inserted in the centre core and protruding therefrom.
- Such an electroinjector is known from the European Patent Application Publication Nr. 0172591 to the same Applicant.
- The annular shoulder element, coaxially driven on the outer wall or on the inner wall of the centre core and fastened by diametral interference, protrudes axially from the core end, so that in the position of end lift of the armature, when this latter rests against the annular element, a small clearance remains between the armature and the core. This clearance, together with the nature of the material of the annular element, avoids the occurrence of phenomena of magnetic sticking between the arma ture and the core, phenomena which on the contrary occur in case of direct contact, due to the progressive leveling of the contact surfaces, and hence of the increase of actual contact area, which over time generates considerable adhesion forces.
- The same annular element, thanks to its reduced wall thickness, minimises the possibility of hydraulic sticking in the step of resting against the shoulder.
- In an electroinjector of this kind, there are hence particularly fast and constant armature closure and opening transients.
- It is however important, to the purpose of a precise electromagnetic arrangement of the electroinjector, and to keep constant the functional characteristics found on the various electroinjectors from a mass-production, that the dimension of the said clearance be kept as constant as possible within very narrow tolerance limits, also considering the value of off-plane of the front surface of the shoulder annular element relatively to the front surface of the end of centre core.
- If one desires to keep the tolerance limits within the maximum value of, e.g., 10 µm, imposing is necessary, for the concerned dimensions of the two components and for the off-normality of the surfaces, tolerance limits lower than 2 µm for each dimension which involves a hardly bearable increase in electroinjector production costs.
- On the other hand, also an assembly by dimensional sorting of the components, as provided, e.g., by the U.S. patent 4,423,841, does not solve the problem, in that it does not eliminate the need for small tolerances in errors of normality and parallelism between the surfaces concerned by the determination of the dimensional value of the clearance, and is hence burdensome for a mass-production.
- The purpose of the present invention is now to provide an electroinjector of the type mentioned in the introduction, which can be obtained in a mass-production at competitive costs, while guaranteeing the observance of particularly precise dimensions, but without requiring the observance of severe tolerances for the dimensions of the individual components, but allowing on the contrary medium-precision processes to be adopted for components machining.
- Within the scope of the invention, also providing a particular electroinjector manufacturing process offering advantages in precision with limited production costs is desired.
- According to the invention, the above mentioned purpose is achieved in that in an electroinjector of the type mentioned in the introduction, the annular shoulder element fastened by driving on the centre core is affixed in position with deformation or plastic yielding, in an essentially axial direction, of a portion of the centre core or of a component interposed between the annular element and the centre core.
- Advantageously, said deformation or plastic yielding is accomplished in the step of assembly of the annular element on the centre core, by means of an action of impulsive driving of the annular element previously pressure-slided on the core.
- The core portion which undergoes the plastic defor mation can be a substantially conical portion radiusing the diametrically narrower core portion receiving the annular element, to the subsequent diametrically larger portion provided on fuel feed side.
- With such a deformation, the component elements (the core and the annular element) manufactured with medium-precision processes, which would allow a dimensional variability of the clearance of, e.g., 150 µm, are made assume, in the assembly step, mutual positions securing the observance of the dimensions required for the correct operating of the electroinjector.
- For the driving of the annular element in its end position a tool is proposed, to exemplifying purposes, of the pendulum type, with a prefixed hammering mass, as it shall be better seen hereinunder.
- It has been found indeed that the end positioning of the annular element on the centre core by restriking of the components under a driving impulsive action guarantees the dimensional constancy and the circumferential uniformity of the clearance by causing different local yieldings of the centre body, of material essentially less hard than of the annular element, up to compensate for the widest dimension and shape tolerances applied to the cycle of production of the two components.
- The low ratio existing between the fitting length and the diameter of the annular element secures, in the driving step, also the parallelism and the normality of the two elements being assembled.
- The portion between the annular element and the core which undergoes the plastic deformation can also be a separate element of high-plasticity material, interposed between the annular element and the core, such as, e.g., advantageously, a copper washer, interposed between the annular element and a flat stop shoulder provided on the core, perpendicular to core axis. The deformation is undergone to exclusively by the washer.
- Further details of the invention shall appear more evident from the following disclosure of preferred and not limitative forms of embodiment of an electroinjector according to the invention, illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein:
- Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view of an electroinjector accomplished according to the invention;
- Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of the body defining the centre core in a first form of embodiment;
- Figs. 3 and 4 are partial sectional view on enlarged scale in corrispondence of the area of assembly of the annular element on the core of figs. 1 and 2, respectively before and after the end driving;
- Figs. 5 and 6 are partial sectional views on enlarged scale, always in correspondence of the point of assembly of the annular element on the core, in a second form of embodiment, respectively before and after the end driving;
- Fig. 7 is a partially sectional view of an exemplifying tool for the assembly of the annular element on the core according to the invention;
- Fig. 8 is a detail, on enlarged scale, of fig. 7 in the step immediately prior to the driving.
- Referring first to Fig. 1, an electroinjector of the type being the object of the present invention comprises a
cylindrical centre core 10 of ferromagnetic material, housed inside an encasing body 11, it too of ferromagnetic material, and extending to the outside of the body 11 to form a fitting 10a to connect the injector to the fuel feed. - To the
core 10 amovable armature 12 of ferromagnetic material is coaxially associated, which, together with thecore 10 and the body 11, forms a magnetic circuit. - The
core 10 is at least partly surrounded by a coil 13, wound around abobbin 14, which is electrically fed, in a per se known way, with intermittent drive, by means ofconductors 15 partly embedded in a cap ofplastics 16. - The
movable armature 12, of substantially hollow cylindrical shape, bears aclosure element 17 with the interposition of awasher 18, and is guided by atube 19 inserted in thecore 10, but protruding out of it. Aspring 20 keeps theclosure element 17 normally pressed against the shoulder of aninjection nozzle 21, provided, in a per se known way, with a calibrated bore for the outlet of the fuel. Thespring 20 reacts against asleeve 22 inserted with interference inside thecore 10 and centrally open to allow the flow of the fuel. - Between the
nozzle 21 and the body 11 anannular spacer 23 is placed, substantially defining the stroke of thearmature 12, which on its side facing towards thecore 10 comes to stop against anannular shoulder element 24, of impact-resistance material, and at least partly amagnetic, mounted on thecore 10 so as to axially protrude from the end ofcore 10, leaving a small clearance T, fig. 2, between thearmature 12 and thecore 10 in the armature lift end position, in correspondence of which theclosure element 17 leaves open the passage through thenozzle 21. Theannular shoulder element 24 guarantees that phenomena of magnetic and/or hydraulic sticking, detrimental to the purpose of a quick closure of the injector may not occur. - The hydraulic tightness is secured by
seal rings sleeve 22, arrives, in a per se known way, to thebores 27 of thecore 10 and then to thebores 28 of thearmature 12, from which the fuel flows to the outside of thenozzle 21. - It shall be understood that when the coil 13 is deenergized, the
armature 12 is in its lowermost position wherein theclosure element 17 interrupts the fuel flow through thenozzle 21, whilst, when the coil 13 is energized, thearmature 12 is in its uppermost position resting against theannular shoulder element 24 and theclosure element 17 leaves open the fuel passage through theinjection nozzle 21. - To secure the highest precision in the positioning of the
annular element 24 and the maintainment of a clearance T of desired dimension for all the injectors of a mass-production, without the need for respecting too restricted tolerances in the machining of thecore 10 and of theannular element 24, and hence without having excessive, unbearable costs, accomplishing the dimensional precision is proposed, according to the invention, when assembling the two components, rather than in the machining step. - The
annular element 24, manufactured with medium precision, is driven on thecore 10, it too manufactured with medium precision, by diametrical interference up to a certain axial position, and is then fixed in position by plastic deformation of a portion of thecore 10 in an essentially axial direction, or by plastic deformation of an element interposed in axial direction between theannular element 24 and thecore 10. - To that purpose, according to a first form of practical embodiment illustrated in figs. from 2 to 4, the
core 10 is provided, in correspondence of its end portion on which theannular element 24 is to be driven, with anannular groove 29 between a shorter-diameter portion 30 and a longer-diameter portion 31, this latter being radiused to the main cylindrical portion of thecore 10. The conical radiusing section between thegroove 29 and theportion 31 represents in this form of embodiment the portion which on the end assemblage of theannular element 24 undergoes the plastic deformation, as it can be observed by comparing figs 3 and 4. - The affixing in the end position is carried out by means of an impulsive action on the
annular element 24 with the interposition of apusher 32, the stem of which is driven inside thecore 10, and the head od which rests against the front end of theannular element 24. - As it can be observed from figs. 3 and 5, the head of the
pusher 32 is advantageously provided, on its face facing the stem, with astep 44 of height H and of diameter slightly shorter than the inner diameter of theannular element 24, which step 44, by coming to rest against the front surface of thecore 10, determines the end of the axial stroke ofpusher 32 and, consequently, the value of the end protrusion, or clearance T of fig. 2, of theannular element 24 from the front surface of said core. - Due to the elastic recovery of the
core 10 and of theannular element 24, the dimension H of thestep 44 is slightly different from the dimension T of desired clearance. Even in the complete absence of thestep 44, a clearance T shall hence be formed, even if of the order of a few hundredths of millimeter only. - A tool which can be advantageously used to exert the impulsive action is illustrated in figs. 7 and 8. It comprises a
stationary support 33, on the upper part of which amass 35 is hinged, in the nearby of 34, through a supportingrod 37. To the lower portion of thesupport 33, thecore 10 is fixed in a correspondinglyshaped seat 38, in such a way that the front end of thecore 10, on which theannular element 24 has to be mounted, protrudes from the side facing towards themass 35 on the trajectory of thesame mass 35. Thecore 10 is fixed by means of aring nut 39 screwed down in asleeve 40 fastened on thesupport 33. - To the mass 35 a
pin 41 is centrally fastened, suitable to act on thepusher 32 inserted in thecore 10. The arrangement is such that the axis of thecore 10 and of theannular element 24 coincides with the tangent to the trajectory of the centre of thepin 41 in the lowermost point of the same trajectory. - It shall be understood that by letting the
mass 35, suitably dimensioned as a funtion of the dimensions and of the nature of the elements to be fastened to each other, fall down from a pre-established height, on thepusher 32 and hence on theannular element 24, an impulsive action is exerted, which causes the end driving of theannular element 24 on thecore 10 with the above said plastic deformation in the section adjacent to thegroove 29. - To exemplifying purposes, the
annular element 24 can be driven on thecore 10 by means of static pre-driving by press with a force of 90 - 100 kg, and the dynamic end driving can be obtained with a work of 0.07 kgm. - According to another form of embodiment, illustrated in figs. 5 and 6, the plastic deformation is envisaged to occur on a
washer 42, e.g., a copper washer, axially interposed between theannular element 24 and aflat stop shoulder 43 provided on thecore 10, extending crosswise relatively to the axis ofcore 10. The end driving can be carried out in this case in a way analog to that described for the foregoing form of embodiment. - It has been found that an impulsive action as described guarantees not only a constancy of end dimension and a circumferential evenness of the clearance due to different local yieldings of
core 10, but also a compensation for the greater tolerances of dimensions and shape adopted in the machining of thecore 10 and of theannular element 24. - Of course, within the scope of the invention, numerous changes and variants are possible. So, e.g., the end-driving impulsive action could be achieved by means of a mass made fall down on the
annular element 24 kept with its axis in vertical position.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT22206/85A IT1185353B (en) | 1985-09-19 | 1985-09-19 | ELECTROINJECTOR FOR FUEL SUPPLY TO AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION |
IT2220685 | 1985-09-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0215527A1 true EP0215527A1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
EP0215527B1 EP0215527B1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
Family
ID=11193034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86201589A Expired - Lifetime EP0215527B1 (en) | 1985-09-19 | 1986-09-16 | Electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine, and process for manufacturing it |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0215527B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3673731D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1185353B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996041947A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-27 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Method of adjusting a solenoid air gap |
EP0781915A1 (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-02 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel injector |
WO1999032785A1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Ball valve fuel injector |
DE102005015409B4 (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2019-01-03 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for specifying a distance between a predetermined first reference point on a first body and a predetermined second reference point on a second body and body device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2123145A1 (en) * | 1970-05-12 | 1971-11-25 | Vyzk Ustav Automatizacznich Pr | Electric switch for pneumatic signals consisting of solenoid valves |
FR2241008A1 (en) * | 1973-08-17 | 1975-03-14 | Tech Haute Precision | Electro-magnetic petrol injector with rapid action - has accurately controlled annular fuel passage |
FR2409818A1 (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-06-22 | Itt | METHOD FOR BINDING TWO ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A RING |
US4311280A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-01-19 | General Motors Corporation | Electromagnetic fuel injector with adjustable armature spring |
FR2532005A1 (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1984-02-24 | Alfa Romeo Auto Spa | ELECTRO-INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
EP0172591A1 (en) * | 1984-07-12 | 1986-02-26 | WEBER S.r.l. | Improved electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4423841A (en) * | 1982-01-28 | 1984-01-03 | General Motors Corporation | Electromagnetic fuel injector with pivotable armature stop |
-
1985
- 1985-09-19 IT IT22206/85A patent/IT1185353B/en active
-
1986
- 1986-09-16 DE DE8686201589T patent/DE3673731D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-09-16 EP EP86201589A patent/EP0215527B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2123145A1 (en) * | 1970-05-12 | 1971-11-25 | Vyzk Ustav Automatizacznich Pr | Electric switch for pneumatic signals consisting of solenoid valves |
FR2241008A1 (en) * | 1973-08-17 | 1975-03-14 | Tech Haute Precision | Electro-magnetic petrol injector with rapid action - has accurately controlled annular fuel passage |
FR2409818A1 (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-06-22 | Itt | METHOD FOR BINDING TWO ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A RING |
US4311280A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-01-19 | General Motors Corporation | Electromagnetic fuel injector with adjustable armature spring |
FR2532005A1 (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1984-02-24 | Alfa Romeo Auto Spa | ELECTRO-INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
EP0172591A1 (en) * | 1984-07-12 | 1986-02-26 | WEBER S.r.l. | Improved electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996041947A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-27 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Method of adjusting a solenoid air gap |
EP0781915A1 (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-02 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel injector |
WO1999032785A1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Ball valve fuel injector |
US6047907A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-04-11 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Ball valve fuel injector |
US6655608B2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2003-12-02 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Ball valve fuel injector |
DE102005015409B4 (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2019-01-03 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for specifying a distance between a predetermined first reference point on a first body and a predetermined second reference point on a second body and body device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1185353B (en) | 1987-11-12 |
EP0215527B1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
DE3673731D1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
IT8522206A0 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5040731A (en) | Electromagnetic fuel injection and method of producing the same | |
KR0169098B1 (en) | Electro-magnetic valve | |
US5875975A (en) | Fuel injector | |
US5127585A (en) | Electromaagnetic high-pressure injection valve | |
US5301874A (en) | Adjusting sleeve for an electromagnetically actuatable valve | |
US6079642A (en) | Fuel injection valve and method for producing a valve needle of a fuel injection valve | |
US5127156A (en) | Method for concentrically assembling a pair of cylindrical members and method for assembling a nozzle in a fuel injector | |
US5979801A (en) | Fuel injection valve with swirler for imparting swirling motion to fuel | |
EP0865574A1 (en) | Fuel injection valve and method of producing the same | |
JPH11505582A (en) | Mover guide for electromechanical fuel injection device and method of assembling the same | |
US20090184184A1 (en) | Fuel Injector and Method for Its Mounting | |
US6189816B1 (en) | Method for producing a valve-seat body for a fuel injection valve, and corresponding fuel injection valve | |
CZ292735B6 (en) | Fuel injection valve | |
KR19980702290A (en) | Fuel injection valve | |
US5143301A (en) | Electromagnetically actuable valve | |
US4832314A (en) | Electromagnetically actuatable fuel injection valve | |
JP2002213321A (en) | Modular fuel injector having collision surface of electromagnetic actuator surface treated and lift set sleeve | |
EP0215527A1 (en) | Electroinjector for feeding fuel to an internal combustion engine, and process for manufacturing it | |
JP2002213323A (en) | Modular fuel injector having electromagnetic actuator having surface treated collision surface and, and having integral filter and dynamic control assembly | |
JPH05501139A (en) | Electromagnetically operated fuel injection valve | |
JP2002221121A (en) | Modular fuel injector having lift set sleeve | |
GB2323634A (en) | Fuel injection valve with sheet metal parts | |
EP1070565A1 (en) | Method of coaxially connecting precision parts comprising a plurality of members, method of assembling fuel injection nozzle, and fuel injection nozzle | |
US7527211B2 (en) | Fuel injector with clamping sleeve as a stop for a valve needle | |
KR0172132B1 (en) | Electromagnetically operable fuel injection valve |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19870622 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: WEBER S.R.L. |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19880408 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3673731 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19901004 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19910823 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19910909 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19910927 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19920916 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920916 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19930528 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19930602 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |