EP0204704B1 - Feuerungsvorrichtung für feste brennstoffe - Google Patents

Feuerungsvorrichtung für feste brennstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204704B1
EP0204704B1 EP85901118A EP85901118A EP0204704B1 EP 0204704 B1 EP0204704 B1 EP 0204704B1 EP 85901118 A EP85901118 A EP 85901118A EP 85901118 A EP85901118 A EP 85901118A EP 0204704 B1 EP0204704 B1 EP 0204704B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
hearth
spreader
air
combustion air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85901118A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0204704A1 (de
Inventor
Tore Lennart Danielsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85901118T priority Critical patent/ATE44604T1/de
Publication of EP0204704A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204704A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0204704B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204704B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/19—Supplying combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of combustion or firing apparatuses for solid fuel, e.g. wood, coal and briquettes. Particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to combustion apparatuses of such types as fire-places, stoves and the like. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved combustion apparatus for solid fuel and a new method of firing solid fuel therein.
  • solid fuel e.g. wood, coal and briquettes.
  • the invention relates to combustion apparatuses of such types as fire-places, stoves and the like. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved combustion apparatus for solid fuel and a new method of firing solid fuel therein.
  • Combustion apparatuses of such types as open fire-places, door-fronted stoves and the like have become more and more usual in houses, leisure dwellings and flats, not in the least due to the heavily rising prices in recent years for the conventional energy sources oil and electricity.
  • Door-fronted stoves have become a supplement to the conventional heating systems as reserve heating sources or for energy saving, but also as a congeniality factor.
  • the heavy increase of such solid fuel-burning combustion apparatuses has caused air pollution problems, perhaps primarily in thickly populated areas. In many countries the authorities have therefore put strict requirements on flue gas discharges from such apparatuses and also on heating boilers, or are expected to make such requirements. In Sweden, for example, attention is concentrated on the tar content in the discharged flue gases, decrease in the tar content being sought for. With a lower tar content the content of the most important remaining pollutants also decreases.
  • the traditional door-fronted stove comprises a hearth which may be closed by doors, through which fuel is also supplied.
  • the doors, and possibly several of the side walls of the stove are often transparent so that the congeniality of an open fire will be felt.
  • the stove may be insulated, provided with a heat accumulator, fan system, combustion air preheating etc. for increasing the heating efficiency.
  • DE-A-28 04 968 discloses a combustion process and a heating apparatus in which combustion air is supplied through a spreader located above the combustion chamber. A fan feeds the air to the spreader in a forced flow of air. Fly ash from the combustion is collected in an ash pit.
  • a chief object of the present invention is to improve the combustion in solid fuel-fired combustions apparatuses, particularly stoves and door-fronted stoves so that the amount of discharged pollutants is reduced in comparison with conventional such apparatuses with combustion air supplied from below.
  • Another object of the invention is to increase the efficiency in firing this type of combustion apparatuses.
  • the invention provides a combustion apparatus for firing solid fuel in a combustion chamber, to which combustion air is supplied from above and from which flue gases escape upwards from the hearth, characterized in that it comprises at least one substantially vertical riser pipe, from which combustion air is pumped into the heated-up combustion chamber by self-induction through spreader devices situated at at least two different levels above the hearth, said spreader devices comprising a) substantially horizontal spreader ducts provided with a plurality of blowing apertures, and b) deflection plates cooperating with said spreader ducts to direct the combustion air flowing out from said blowing apertures substantially towards the center of the hearth, preferably with a turbulent flow.
  • the combustion apparatus according to the invention also includes a perforated flame catcher which is placed substantially horizontally in the combustion chamber at a level such that during firing it is impinged on by the flames to break them up into a plurality of smaller flames.
  • the combustion apparatus is provided with at least one spreader device above, as well as below, the flame catcher.
  • the combustion apparatus is a so-called door-fronted stove.
  • the flow area and flow resistance of the ducts for supplying combustion air are adjusted so as to create a balanced flow of downwardly directed combustion air and upwardly directed flue gases when firing in the combustion chamber.
  • the intake of combustion air is achieved by self-induction generated and controlled by the firing heat.
  • the air supply continues by self-induction.
  • the flow rate depends inter alia, on the firing temperature and the design of the combustion apparatus or hearth, and it is primarily regulated by varying the flow area and flow reistance of the supply ducts (as well as adjusting the flue damper associated with the apparatus). It is essential for the invention that this regulation is carried out so that there is a balance between the downwardly directed combustion air and the upwardly directed gases from the hearth.
  • the flows will be self-balancing/self-regulating during the course of combustion. For example, a smaller flame leads to a reduced intake of combustion air, which in turn gives the desired lesser degree of cooling from the combustion air.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the combustion chamber itself, there being a plinth 2 supporting the hearth, and the flue gases are led out via a flue or a flue connection 3.
  • Fig. 2 the combustion apparatus is illustrated during firing solid fuel 4, e.g. wood, coal or briquettes, which can be kept in place with the aid of a support 5. Flames from the fire are denoted by the numeral 6.
  • the combustion chamber of the apparatus is suitably and conventionally surrounded with heat-insulating and/or heat accumulating material 7.
  • the combustion apparatus is provided with inlet ducts 8a, 8b, 8c for the supply of combustion air, these ducts leading the air to substantially horizontal blowing ducts 9a, 9b, 9c, situated at different levels in the combustion chamber 1, all above the hearth.
  • the flow of supplied combustion air is denoted on the drawings by arrowed full lines, while the flow from the hot gases from the fire are schematically denoted by arrowed dashed lines.
  • the blowing or spreader ducts 9a, 9b, 9c are provided with blowing apertures 10a, 10b, 10c in the form of slits or, preferably a plurality of separate holes distributed along the respective duct.
  • blowing apertures 10a, 10b, 10c coact with deflection plates 11a, 11b, 11c directing the air flow from the respective aperture downward towards the fire, preferably substantially towards its centre.
  • the central duct 8b leads air only to the first spreader or blowing duct 9a, while the outer supply ducts 8a and 8c divide their flow between the ducts 9b and 9c (and possibly also 9a).
  • the two undermost ducts 9a and 9b are illustrated as extending across the entire combustion chamber 1, while the upper duct 9c is, illustrated as being divided into two smaller ducts 9c.
  • a further air supply duct 9d is also illustrated in the Figures, with its corresponding deflection plate 10d, both situated above the blowing duct 9c.
  • Figure 2 also depicts a guide plate 12.
  • the combustion apparatus is finally equipped with a regulatable, schematically illustrated damper 13 and a flame catcher 14.
  • a combustion apparatus in accordance with the invention When a combustion apparatus in accordance with the invention is installed, it is first adjusted so that a balanced flow of downwardly directed combustion air (arrowed full lines) and upwardly directed flue gases (arrowed dashed lines) is obtained, primarily by adjusting the flow area and flow resistance in the ducts or the conduits for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet openings of the risers 8a-8c can be suitably obstructed to obtain this effect.
  • the damper 13 is also adjusted to suit the installation in question, primarily with regard to the draught properties of the flue used. If so desired, and to advantage, an extended flow path for the flue gases may be arranged in connection with the damper 13 for increasing the post combustion zone. It has been found to be particularly advantageous to allow the flue gases to pass the rear side of the air inlet unit in heat-exchanging contact with it for further preheating the combustion air, as illustrated by the arrowed dashed line P in Fig. 2. Combustion will be more effective and the flue gas temperature higher, due to the preheating of the combustion air and the extended path of the flue gases.
  • the combustion apparatus thus installed is operated and functions in the following manner. Firing is started in a conventional manner, and the draught door is closed when the fire has got well under way, i.e. when the-apparatus has got a sufficiently high temperature to function as a self- inducting pump for taking in combustion air via the risers 8a-8c.
  • the combustion air flows according to the arrowed full lines in the drawing, and from the lower spreader duct 9a there is a strong flow of air towards the centre of the fire, which then gets a very high temperature at its centre (e.g. in the order of magnitude of 1000°C). This results in that the smoke is drawn in towards the centre, resulting in that surrounding wood gets a poor supply of oxygen and combustible gases are formed.
  • combustion takes place in four combustion zones A, B, C and D, where the zone D may be regarded as a post combustion zone without extra oxygen supply.
  • combustion zones may also be designated as whirl zones. Combustion will be practically complete and free from soot. Measurements that have been carried out show that in firing with wood in a door-fronted stove designed in accordance with the drawing Figures there are only obtained tar contents in the order of magnitude 10-15 mg/kJ and below, i.e. only approximately a tenth of the values for stoves with conventional air supply under the hearth.
  • the efficiency of the combustion apparatus can be improved further by providing the flame catcher 14, which is situated at a level in the combustion chamber such that it is in contact with the flames 6, suitably between the spreader ducts 11a and 11b.
  • the flame catcher 14 is made from perforated plate, netting, grating or the like, which allows air and flue gases to pass through and which breaks up the flames into many small flames, thus increasing the utilizable oxygenation surface.
  • the flame catcher 14 also functiohs as an ash barrier.
  • the upper spreader duct 9c and its associated deflection plate 11c with the guide plate 12 and one or more reflector plates 15.
  • the guide plate 12 guides the flue gases to the combustion zone C and the reflector plate/plates 15 also function as heat reflectors by reflecting heat to the combustion zone C.
  • the air flow from the blowing apertures 10d also serves as a flame brake.
  • the flow from the different spreader ducts can be varied within the scope of the invention, inter alia with respect to their number and placing, the number, size and placing of the blowing apertures, etc. In general it is preferred to have the heaviest flow from the lowest spreader duct (9a).
  • the combustion apparatus in accordance with the invention can be manufactured as an entire unit, but it may also be implemented as a special insert for building into existing fireplaces or stoves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Feuerungsvorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Brennstoffe (4) in einer Feuerungskammer (1), der Verbrennungsluft von oben zugeführt wird und von der Rauchgase aufwärts von der Herdfläche aus entweichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung wenigstens eine im wesentlichen vertikale Steigleitung (8a-8c) aufweist, aus der Verbrennungsluft über in wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Höhen über der Herdfläche angeordnete Verteilereinrichtungen durch Selbstansaugung in die erwärmte Feuerungskammer (1) gepumpt wird, wobei die Verteilereinrichtungen aufweisen: a) im wesentlichen horizontale Verteiler-Leitungen (9a-9c), die mit mehreren Blasöffnungen (10a-10c) versehen sind, und b) Ablenkplatten (11a-11c), die mit den Verteiler-Leitungen zusammenwirken und die aus den Blasöffnungen austretende Verbrennungsluft vorzugsweise in einer turbulenten Strömung im wesentlichen in Richtung auf die Mitte der Herdfläche lenken.
2. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung außerdem ein Flammsieb (14) aufweist, das im wesentlichen waagerecht in einer solchen Höhe in der Feuerungskammer angeordnet ist, daß es während der Verbrennung von den Flammen beaufschlagt wird und diese in eine Vielzahl kleinerer Flammen aufteilt.
3. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeweils wenigstens eine Verteilereinrichtung (9, 10, 11 a bzw. 9, 10, 11b) oberhalb und unterhalb des Flammsiebes (14) angeordnet ist.
4. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung ein Kaminofen ist.
5. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungsquerschnitt und der Strömungswiderstand der Leitungen zur Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft so eingestellt sind, daß sich bei der Verbrennung in der Feuerungskammer ein Strömungsgleichgewicht zwischen der abwärts gerichteten Verbrennungsluft und den aufwärts gerichteten Rauchgasen ergibt.
6. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einleitung der Verbrennungsluft durch Selbstansaugung bewirkt wird, die durch die Feuerungswärme erzeugt und gesteuert wird.
EP85901118A 1984-02-16 1985-02-15 Feuerungsvorrichtung für feste brennstoffe Expired EP0204704B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85901118T ATE44604T1 (de) 1984-02-16 1985-02-15 Feuerungsvorrichtung fuer feste brennstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8400836A SE8400836L (sv) 1984-02-16 1984-02-16 Eldstad for fasta brenslen och forfarande vid eldning
SE8400836 1984-02-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204704A1 EP0204704A1 (de) 1986-12-17
EP0204704B1 true EP0204704B1 (de) 1989-07-12

Family

ID=20354770

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901118A Expired EP0204704B1 (de) 1984-02-16 1985-02-15 Feuerungsvorrichtung für feste brennstoffe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0204704B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3571496D1 (de)
FI (1) FI84856C (de)
NO (1) NO854103L (de)
SE (1) SE8400836L (de)
WO (1) WO1985003762A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4215820A1 (de) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-26 Jide Heizvorrichtung mit sekundärluftzuführung

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4878478A (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-11-07 Darrel Johnson Wood burning stove
GB2253050A (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-26 Jonathan Greenall A solid fuel heating appliance
GB9305134D0 (en) * 1993-03-12 1993-04-28 Hamworthy Heating Ltd Radiant heat reflector
CA2464490C (en) 2004-04-15 2008-03-11 Stephen Charles Brown Combustion apparatus for solid fuel

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2804968A1 (de) * 1977-02-25 1978-08-31 Hans Staehli Verfahren zum verbrennen fester brennstoffe, heizanlage zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens und verwendung der heizanlage

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2499682A1 (fr) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-13 Supra Fab App Chauffage Cu Procede de desenfumage d'une vitre de poele ou de cheminee a foyer ferme, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2804968A1 (de) * 1977-02-25 1978-08-31 Hans Staehli Verfahren zum verbrennen fester brennstoffe, heizanlage zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens und verwendung der heizanlage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4215820A1 (de) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-26 Jide Heizvorrichtung mit sekundärluftzuführung
BE1030215B1 (fr) * 2022-01-20 2023-08-28 Jide Dispositif de chauffage avec alimentation en air secondaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3571496D1 (en) 1989-08-17
FI863279A0 (fi) 1986-08-13
NO854103L (no) 1985-10-16
WO1985003762A1 (en) 1985-08-29
SE8400836L (sv) 1985-08-17
FI84856C (fi) 1992-01-27
FI863279A (fi) 1986-08-13
EP0204704A1 (de) 1986-12-17
FI84856B (fi) 1991-10-15
SE8400836D0 (sv) 1984-02-16

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