Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/40—Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to detergent compositions having fabric softening properties.
• Certain amines (in intimate mixture with a dispersing aid) in the compositions provide through-the-wash softness and anti-static benefits.
• Detergent compositions in spray-dried form containing said amines are disclosed.
• Preferred compositions also contain a smectite clay for additional softening benefits.
• Formulators of fabric laundering compositions have long sought means whereby the fabric washing and softening could be done concurrently.
• Methods employing clay softeners, mixtures of clay and various amine materials, and the like, are described in the following patents: German 29 64 114, 28 57 163, 24, 39 541, 23 34 899 and EPO 0 023 367, 0 026 528 and 0 028 432.
• the present invention employs a certain class of amines, intimately mixed with a dispersing aid, in an otherwise conventional detergent composition matrix, and optionally clay, to provide cleaning and, concurrently, softening.
• compositions herein may be described succinctly as detergent compositions (preferably, granular) which may contain conventional detergent ingredients such as detersive surfactants (including anionics), detergency builders, optical brighteners, detersive enzymes, fabric bleaches, and the like, all at conventional levels, as well as clay fabric softeners (preferably, smectite clays), said compositions being characterized in that they contain at least 0.1 % (preferably 1.0 % to 20 %) of an amine having an isoelectric point of at least 9.5, preferably those of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N, wherein R, is C. to C 20 hydrocarbyl and R 2 and R 3 are each C. to C 4 hydrocarbyl, C 2 to C, o alkoxylated hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, the amine being in intimate mixture with a dispersing aid.
• detersive surfactants including anionics
• detergency builders preferably, optical brighteners, detersive enzymes, fabric bleaches
• compositions of this invention comprise, in major part, conventional ingredients that are quite familiar to formulators of granular detergent compositions.
• the amines used herein are entirely compatible with such conventional detergent ingredients, even anionic surfactants.
• the amines suitable for the compositions herein are selected so that they have an isoelectric point in excess of 9.5, preferably in excess of 10.0.
• Examples are amines having general formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N 4 wherein R, is C 8 to C 20 hydrocarbyl, preferably C 8 to C 20 alkyl, more preferably C 10 to C 14 alkyl, and most preferably C,, alkyl or a mixture of C 12 and C,, alkyl.
• R 2 and R 3 are each, independently, C, to C 10 , hydrocarbyl, or hydrogen.
• suitable hydrocarbyl radicals are C, to C, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and C 2 to C, o alkoxylated alkyl, in particular ethoxylated alkyl radicals.
• the amines Prior to incorporation into the detergent matrix, the amines are intimately mixed with a dispersing aid.
• the dispersing aid can be any of a number of such materials. Specific examples include nonionic surfactants, and emulsifiers, like those used in the food industry. Examples of the latter include glycerol esters, e.g. lecithin.
• This class of compounds consists of the Bronstedt acids having a pKa value of not greater than 6, preferably not greater than 5.
• acids examples include inorganic acids like HF, HCI, HBr, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , HNaSO,, H 2 SO 3 , HNaSO 3 , phosphoric acid esters, like R'(CH 2 CH 2 O)- m PO(OH) 2 and (R'O(CH 2 CH 2 0) m ).
• R' is a C 3 -C 20 hydrocarbyl, and m has a value in the range of from 1 to 6; organic acids, like carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxy acids, hydroxypolycarboxy acids, aminocarboxy acids, phosphoric acids, polymeric carboxy acids, alkylether carboxy acids, and alkylsulforic acids.
• Particularly suitable for use as dispersing aids herein are carboxylic acids of the formula RCOOH, wherein R is hydrogen or C, to C,5 alkyl.
• Preferred acids are formic acid (R is hydrogen) and lauric acid (R is C 11 H 23 n-alkyl).
• Bronstedt acids act as dispensing aids
• the acids protonate a portion of the amine.
• the protonated amine acts as a dispersing aid for the remaining unprotonated amine.
• This mechanism suggests that protonated aminesoer secould be used as dispersing aids, instead, or in combination with the Bronstedt acids.
• the criticality of the high isoelectric point of the amines (at least 9.5, preferably 10.0 or higher) - suggest that it is important that, if protonation indeed takes, place, the amines remain protonated during the wash cycle of a laundry program.
• the amine/dispersing aid mixtures which are key to this invention are prepared separately from the balance of the composition and then added to the conventional detergent ingredients. If the dispersing aid is a Bronstedt acid, this can most conveniently be done by preparing a melt (preferably 1:1 mole ratio) of the acid and the amine and maintaining under continuous mixing the melt stage for about ten minutes whereby the complex forms.
• the amine/dispersing aid melt can be sprayed onto the granules.
• the melt can be allowed to solidify, then reduced to the desired particle size in, e.g. a colloid mill, and dry-mixed with the detergent granules.
• the amine/dispersing aid melt can be dispersed into the liquid detergent mixture, or be allowed to solidify, milled to the desired particle size (typically smaller than used in conjunction with granules) and then dispersed into the liquid.
• the amine/dispersing aid can also be deposited on a sheet, e.g. by coating a sheet with the melt.
• the sheets may be added to the wash liquor during the wash cycle of a laundering process.
• the sheets may further contain conventional detergent ingredients. Sheets of the type as has been disclosed for use as a delivery system for detergent ingredients are generally suitable for use herein.
• the molar ratio amine : acid preferably is about 1:1, but good fabric softening results can also be obtained by mixing the amine with a sub-stoichiometric amount of acid.
• the acid : amine ratio should be at least 1:10, preferably at least 1:5.
• the amine/dispersing aid mixtures are typically used herein at levels of at least 0.1 %, typically at levels of 0.5 % to 20 %, most preferably from 1 % to 10 % of the detergent compositions, especially when softener clay is present.
• the protonated amine is preferred, but not limited, for use in combination with a detergent- compatible clay softener.
• clay softeners are well known in the detergency patent literature and are in broad commercial use, both in Europe and in the United States. Included among such clay softeners are various heat-treated kaolines and various multi-layer smectites.
• Preferred clay softeners are smectite softener clays that are described in German patent document 2 334 899 and in U.K. patent 1 400 898, which can be referred to for details.
• Softener clays are used in the preferred compositions at levels of at least 1 %, generally 1-20 %, preferably 2-7 %.
• compositions of this invention will typically contain organic surface-active agents - ("surfactants") to provide the usual cleaning benefits associated with the use of such materials.
• surfactants organic surface-active agents -
• Detersive surfactants useful herein include well known synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. Typical of these are the alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl-and alkylether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkoxylated (especiallyethoxylated) alcohols and alkyl phenols, amine oxides, a-sulfonates of fatty acids and of fatty acid esters, and the like, which are well known from the detergency art.
• detersive surfactants contain an alkyl group in the C 9 -C 18 range; the anionic detersive surfactants can be used in the form of their sodium, potassium or tri-ethanolammonium salts; the nonionics generally contain from about 5 to about 17 ethylene oxide groups.
• U.S. Patent 4.111.855 contains detailed listings of such typical detersive surfactants.
• C,, - C, 6 alkyl benzene sulfonates, C 12 C 18 paraffin sulfonates and alkyl sulfates, and the ethoxylated alcohols and alkyl phenols are especially preferred in the compositions of the present type.
• surfactant are the water-soluble soaps, e.g. the common sodium and potassium coconut or tallow soaps well known in the art.
• the surfactant component can comprise as little as 1 % of the compositions herein, but preferably the compositions will contain 5 % to 40 %, preferably 10 % to 30 % of surfactant. Mixtures of the ethoxylated nonionics with anionics such as alkyl benzene sutfonates, alkyl sulfates and paraffin sulfonates are preferred for through-the-wash cleansing of a broad spectrum of soils and stains from fabrics.
• compositions herein can contain other ingredients which aid in their cleaning performance.
• detergent compositions contain a detergent builder and/or metal ion sequestrant.
• Compounds classifiable and weft known in the art as detergent builders include the nitrilotriacetates, polycarboxylates, citrates, water-soluble phosphates such as tri-polyphosphate and sodium ortho-and pyro-phosphates, silicates, and mixtures thereof.
• Metal ion sequestrants include all of the above, plus materials like ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the amino-poly- phosphonates (DEQUEST) and a wide variety of other poly-functional organic acids and salts too numerous to mention in detail here. See U.S. Patent 3.579.454 for typical examples of the use of such materials in various cleaning compositions.
• the builder/sequestrant will comprise about 0.5 % to 45 % of the composition.
• the 1-10 micron size zeolite (e.g. zeolite A) builders disclosed in German patent 2.422.655 are especially preferred for use in low phosphate compositions which contain the amine fatty acid complex.
• the laundry compositions herein also preferably contain enzymes to enhance their through-the-wash cleaning performance on a variety of soils and stains.
• Amylase, protease and lipase enzymes suitable for use in detergents are well known in the art and in commercially available liquid and granular detergents.
• Commercial detersive enzymes - preferably a mixture of amylase and protease are typically used at levels of 0.001 % to 2 %, and higher, in the present compositions.
• compositions herein can contain, in addition to ingredients already mentioned, various other optional ingredients typically used in commercial products to provide aesthetic or additional product performance benefits.
• Typical ingredients include pH regulants, perfumes, dyes, bleach, optical brighteners, soil suspending agents, hydrotropes and gel-control agents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, bactericides, preservatives, suds control agents, bleach activators and the like.
• the compositions are typically used at a concentration of at least 500 ppm, preferably 0.10 % to 1.5 %, in an aqueous laundry bath at pH 7-11, preferably at pH 9-11, to launder fabrics.
• the laundering can be carried out over the range of 5°C to the -boil, with excellent results.
• Lauric acid and lauryl N,N-dimethyl amine (1:1 mole ratio) are admixed, melted in a jacketed batch, and maintained under continuous mixing as a melt for about 10 minutes (excess heating may cause yellowing).
• a detergent composition is formulated as follows:
• the detergent matrix is prepared as a crutcher mix and spray-dried into granules in standard fashion.
• the amine/lauric acid mixture is sprayed onto the granules, as well as the perfume. Enzymes are dry-mixed.
• Example I The composition of Example I is free-flowing and exhibits excellent through-the-wash fabric softening performance when fabrics washed therewith are line-dried.
• a nil-P spray-dried detergent formulation is as follows :
• composition of Example II may be modified by removing the clay and replacing it with an equivalent amount (with regards to softening performance) of amine-acid mixture.
• the clay is replaced with ditallowmethyl-amine.
• Citric acid is dissolved in methanol (at ca. 30°C). After the addition of the amine, the mixture is stirred for about 15 minutes. Then the methanol is evaporated (e.g. by heating) and the solid residue (mixture of citric acid/dimethyl myristyl amine) is subsequently dried and ground to the desired particle size.
• This method for preparing the mixture of amine/dispersing aid is suitable when the melting point of the dispersing aid is too high.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Citations (10)

• 1985
  • 1985-03-28 GB GB8508128A patent/GB2172910B/en not_active Expired
• 1986
  • 1986-03-19 DE DE8686200431T patent/DE3681344D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-03-19 EP EP86200431A patent/EP0203626B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-26 MX MX199486A patent/MX164050B/es unknown
  • 1986-03-27 GR GR860813A patent/GR860813B/el unknown
  • 1986-03-27 FI FI861338A patent/FI861338A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-03-27 IE IE83286A patent/IE58609B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-03-28 JP JP7064186A patent/JPS61275393A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (10)

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