EP0200665A2 - Breaker with a circular chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crusher with a circular chamber, of the type comprising a frame, a grinding block (2) fixed on a shaft (3) of vertical axis, and a grinding ring (4) fixed about the block and having the same axis, the grinding of the materials introduced between these two parts being effected by the movement of the block with respect to the grinding ring, characterised by: a drive means producing a vertical oscillatory motion, linked to the shaft (3) in order to drive it in such a motion, a guide means (5) for the shaft (3) in its vertical oscillatory motion. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a crusher with circular chamber of the type comprising a frame, a grinding part called grinding nut fixed on a shaft with a vertical axis and another annular part called grinding ring fixed around the first and having 'the same axis, the grinding of the materials introduced between these two parts being carried out by the movement of the grinding nut relative to the grinding ring.

We know about gyratory crushers whose grinding nut, which often has a conical shape, is fixed on a vertical shaft. This tree is driven by a pendulum movement, it can turn on itself relative to a point located above the grinding ring and on the same axis as the latter, while the lower end of said tree is rotatably mounted in an eccentric itself rotatably mounted in the crusher frame on the axis of the ring. The pendulum movement of the shaft is obtained by the fact that the eccentric is driven in rotation.

The materials introduced into the crusher are ground between the ring and the grinding nut by the continuous movement of spacing and approximation of each point of the outer periphery of the nut relative to the internal periphery of the grinding ring.

• -régler la granulométrie des matériaux broyés,
• -rattraper l'usure de l'anneau et de la noix,
• -et éviter toute destruction en cas d'introduction de corps imbroyables ou de de bourrage dans le concasseur.

The nut and the tree which supports it can be animated by an axial translational movement which can occur for three reasons:

• -adjust the particle size of the crushed materials,
• -catch the wear of the ring and the nut,
• -and avoid destruction in the event of introduction of unburnable bodies or jamming into the crusher.

• -la complexité du mécanisme d'entraînement et de sécurité qui se traduit par un coût élevé de production et par un entretien coûteux,
• -l'étanchéité entre d'un côté l'arbre supportant la noix et d'un autre côté la partie du bâti contenant le mécanisme d'entrainement du dit arbre ( voir brevet FR 2 398 543).

In this type of crusher two problems arise:

• -the complexity of the drive and safety mechanism which results in a high production cost and costly maintenance,
• the seal between the shaft supporting the nut on one side and the part of the frame containing the drive mechanism of said shaft on the other hand (see patent FR 2 398 543).

The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing another type of movement of the grinding nut; and other technical solutions related to this provision.

• -un moyen d'entraînement produisant un mouvement oscillatoire vertical lié à l'arbre qui supporte la noix de broyage pour l'entraîner en un tel mouvement,
• -un moyen de guidage du dit arbre dans son mouvement oscillatoire vertical,
• -une partie supérieure du bâti,sur laquelle l'anneau de

broyage est fixé,et qui est montée non fixe. Cette partie est emboîtée par glissement dans la partie du bâti qui lui est inférieure et arrêtée en place en s'appuyant, par un anneau extérieur, sur des épaulements fixés sur la partie inférieure pour positionner l'anneau de broyage par rapport à la noix de broyage,

• - une chambre de broyage agissant par rapprochement alternés et favorisant l'autobroyage.

To this end, the crusher which is the subject of this invention is essentially characterized by:

• a drive means producing a vertical oscillatory movement linked to the shaft which supports the grinding nut to drive it in such a movement,
• a means for guiding said shaft in its vertical oscillatory movement,
• -an upper part of the frame, on which the ring of

grinding is fixed, and which is mounted not fixed. This part is fitted by sliding into the part of the frame which is lower than it and stopped in place by relying, by an external ring, on shoulders fixed on the lower part to position the grinding ring relative to the nut. grinding,

• - a grinding chamber acting by alternating approximation and promoting self-grinding.

• -la figure 1 est un shéma du principe du concasseur,
• -la figure 2 est une vue selon la ligne AA de la figure 1,
• -la figure 3 est une vue d'une autre forme de réalisation du concasseur.

The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description below, illustrated by drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is a diagram of the principle of the crusher,
• FIG. 2 is a view along the line AA in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a view of another embodiment of the crusher.

The crusher according to the invention comprises a frame (1) comprising an upper part (6) mounted non-fixed on a part (7) which is lower therein, the said upper part sliding in the part (7). It stops in place by relying on an outer ring (8) on shoulders (9) fixed in the part (7); wedges (12) introduced between the outer ring (8) and the shoulders (9) can change the height of the part (6) relative to the part (7).

Elastic members, for example compression springs (10) bear down on said upper part (6) of the frame. An annular part (4) called grinding ring and whose inner surface has a general shape of a truncated cone whose top is directed upwards, is fixed inside the upper part (6) of the frame.

A grinding piece (2) in the form of a straight truncated cone, the small base of which is at the top, called grinding nut, is fixed to a shaft (3) whose axis is vertical. Said shaft is driven in a vertical oscillatory movement by connection with a drive means producing such a movement and guided in this movement by a guide means for example a sheath (5).

According to one embodiment, the drive means is an eccentric device (14) whose cake is linked to a horizontal shaft (11) driven in rotation, this shaft is guided in rotation about its axis by bearings (12) by means of wear rings (13).

The collar (25) of the eccentric device (14) has a flat upper surface on which the vertical shaft rests and slides. This mechanical assembly is bathed in a lubricating liquid contained in a casing (15) constituting the lower part of the frame. In this casing 15 are arranged the bearings 12 of the horizontal shaft 11.

Any conventional device, for example a hydraulic circuit consisting of a hydraulic pump and hydraulic lines. stiff, can bring said lubricating liquid to the vertical shaft (3) and its wear ring (16) and to other points to be lubricated.

The horizontal shaft 11 extends outwardly to the casing 12 to receive a pulley 17 for driving in rotation. This pulley by means of one or more belts (not shown) cooperates in actuation with a not shown drive member.

It should be noted that the horizontal shaft (11) can receive externally to the casing, on the side opposite to the pulley 17, a flywheel and that this pulley can also be a flywheel. This arrangement balances the movement of the moving parts of the device.

To ensure the tightness of the casing at the level of the orifices for passage of the horizontal shaft 11, there is provided a seal 18 known per se.

An elastic member presses down on the grinding nut to ensure permanent contact between the vertical shaft (3) and the eccentric device (14) during movement.

By way of example, this elastic member consists of a helical spring 27.

According to the preferred embodiment, this spring is mounted in compression between the bottom 28 of a cylindrical cage 29, carried by the upper end of the nut, and the upper wall 30 of a fixed cover 31, in which the cage 29 of the spring during the movement of raising and lowering of the nut. The cap 31 of generally cylindrical shape, is fixed to an upper horizontal cross member 32 which is fixed by its ends to two vertical cylindrical rods 33 secured by their lower end to the intermediate part of the device. There are provided in the ring 8 orifices for the passage of each vertical rod 33. Each rod is threaded at the upper end to receive a nut 34 under which the cross member 32 is supported under the effect of the action of the elastic member 27.

A sealing device (19) is placed between the sheath (5) and the grinding nut to ensure the protection of the vertical shaft (3) against dust.

According to a preferred form of production, the walnut grinding 2 opposite the sheath 5, coaxially with the vertical shaft 11 and said sheath, is provided with a blind cylindrical cavity into which the end of said sheath penetrates.

The above-mentioned sealing device 19 is constituted by an annular seal, this seal being interposed between the cylindrical surface of the upper end of the sleeve and the internal cylindrical surface of the cavity 26. As is known per se provided an annular flange 19A coaxial with the sleeve, fixed to the periphery of the cavity 26 to hold the seal 19 in place.

The position of the grinding ring relative to the grinding nut can be adjusted using the shims (12). This setting is used to control the grain size of the crushed material. These shims can be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.

The space formed between the outer surface of the grinding ring (4) and the grinding nut (2) constitutes the grinding chamber (20).

Because the inner surface of the grinding ring has a generally conical shape, the average angle of the apex of the cone is less than that of the cone formed by the outer surface of the grinding nut, the annular inlet 21 of the grinding chamber (20) allows the passage of materials whose size is larger than those which can pass through the annular outlet (22) of said chamber.

The materials to be ground are introduced through the inlet (21), are crushed between the two ground pieces under the effect of vertical oscillatory movement of the ground nut (2) move forward by sliding and by gravity on the outer surface of said nut as and when their size decreases under the ef-fet of these successive crushings and finally exit through the outlet (22) once their size allows. These materials then fall on a ramp inclined downwards and towards a discharge orifice made in the wall of the part 7 and are evacuated by gravity towards receptacles external to the device.

The surfaces of the grinding chamber can, according to a first embodiment, be smooth or else, according to a second embodiment, have projections 23 which can for example be formed on the inner surface of the grinding ring.

This is how, to form these projections, the internal surface of the grinding ring can be constituted by several conical trunk surfaces forming steps joined to one another by shoulders turned downwards, the surfaces in truncated cone having for example an identical apex angle. . The purpose of this arrangement is to create reduced bearing surfaces, so that the pressure on the materials to be ground when the grinding nut (2) approaches said surfaces is increased, which facilitates the grinding of difficult materials. to grind.

In the case of the introduction of a body which is very difficult to grind, said to be unburnable, the upper part (6) of the frame which carries the grinding ring will be raised under the effect of the rise of the grinding nut (2) the downward force exerted on it by the compression springs (10). This increases the pres sion exerted on said body and facilitates its evacuation by the outlet (22) given the arrangement of the inner surface of the grinding ring (4). If the unbreakable body resists the maximum pressure exerted, that is to say when the grinding nut reaches its highest position, an alarm connected to the member exerting a force on the upper part (6) of the frame sets off. It is obvious that this alarm can be triggered either as soon as the grinding nut (2) reaches its highest position or from a predetermined number of oscillations accompanied by a lifting of the said upper part (6) of the built. This alarm may or may not be accompanied by a shutdown of the drive unit. The force exerted by the compression springs (10) is adjusted according to the nature of the materials to be ground.

This spring can be replaced by any elastic assembly, for example a hydraulic assembly.

By way of example, this hydraulic assembly is constituted by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders which hold the upper part 6 in abutment on the wedges 12 and by hydraulic accumulators each associated with a hydraulic cylinder. For example, the rod of each cylinder is fixed to the ring 8 while the body is fixed to the shoulder 9. When the force exerted by the grinding nut on the part 6 increases, the oil of the cylinders is rejected towards the accumulators which authorizes movement upwards of part 6.

In addition to the hydraulic cylinders is associated a hydraulic pump so as to control the movement of the part 6 relative to the part 7 during the operations of adjusting the desired particle size for the crushed bodies.

Thus during these operations the pump is activated and pressurized oil is directed to one of the chambers of the cylinders so that they deploy and separate part 6 from part 7. The user can then remove or add shims 12 in order to adjust the particle size of the crushed materials by changing the position of the ring 4 relative to nut 2.

The eccentric drive means can be replaced by a mechanical "rod-crank" assembly or even by a hydraulic assembly comprising a hydraulic cylinder.

• -une partie supèrieure 6 qui porte l'anneau de broyage et qui se soulève dans le cas d'introduction d'un corps très difficile à broyer dans la chambre de broyage (20),
• -une partie intermédiaire (7) qui porte la partie supérieure et qui est dotée du fourreau (5) fixé aux parois de la dite partie par des nervures non représentées,
• -et une partie inférieure formée par le carter (15) et pourvue d'une paroi horizontale supérieure formant couvercle au carter (15) à laquelle se raccorde l'extrémité inférieure du fourreau et qui est pourvue coaxialement au fourreau d'un orifice de passage de l'arbre vertical.

In the embodiment detailed above, the frame (1) consists of three parts:

• an upper part 6 which carries the grinding ring and which is raised in the case of introduction of a body which is very difficult to grind into the grinding chamber (20),
• an intermediate part (7) which carries the upper part and which is provided with the sheath (5) fixed to the walls of said part by ribs not shown,
• -and a lower part formed by the casing (15) and provided with an upper horizontal wall forming a cover for the casing (15) to which the lower end of the sheath is connected and which is provided coaxially with the sheath of a passage orifice of the vertical tree.

It can easily be seen that the outlet (22) of the grinding chamber (20) is isolated from the drive means, which prevents the arrival of dust therein.

The seal between the vertical shaft (3) and the dusty area near the outlet (22) of the grinding chamber is easily ensured by means of the seal (19) mounted around the sheath (5) and contained in the symmetrical cylindrical cavity (26) made in the grinding nut (2) in its large base.

The material of each constituent part of the crusher is chosen according to its role.

The lower surface of the vertical shaft (3) and the flat surface of the collar (25) of the eccentric device (4) must be made of a very hard material, the latter must also make these two surfaces slippery relative to one another. to the other. Advantageously, a wearing part is interposed between the lower end of the shaft 11 and the flat surface of the collar (25).

The embodiment described above is given for information only, the drive means producing the vertical oscillatory movement can be achieved by any known or known technique, the material of each member of the crusher can be chosen from known materials or to know to overcome problems of wear or friction or others.

It goes without saying that the present invention can receive all arrangements and all variants in the field of technical equivalents without departing from the scope of this patent.

Claims (9)

1. Crusher with circular chamber of the type comprising a frame (1), a grinding part (2) called grinding nut fixed on a shaft (3) with a vertical axis and another annular part (4) called ring grinding fixed around the first and having the same axis, the grinding of the materials introduced between these two grinding parts being carried out by the movement of the part (2) relative to the ring (4), characterized by: - a drive means producing a vertical oscillatory movement linked to the shaft (3) to drive it in such a movement, - A guide means (5) of the shaft (3) in its vertical oscillatory movement. 2. Crusher according to claim 1 comprising a frame (1) characterized in that an upper part (6) of said frame is mounted not fixed relative to the frame and on which is fixed the grinding ring (4), the said part (6) being fitted by sliding into the part (7) of the frame which is lower there and stopped in place by resting by an external ring (8) on shoulders (9) fixed on the part (7) for position the grinding ring (4) relative to the grinding part (2). 3. Crusher according to claim 2 characterized in that an elastic member exerts a predetermined force, vertical, downward on the upper part (6) of the crusher which carries the grinding ring. 4. Crusher according to claim 1 characterized in that the grinding ring (4) has an internal surface having relief shapes. 5. Crusher according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive means is an eccentric device (14). 6. Crusher according to claims 1 and 5 characterized by an elastic member pressing the grinding nut (2) downward in order to ensure by this support the contact of the vertical shaft with the drive means. 7. Crusher according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive means is a mechanical assembly "crank rod". 8. Crusher according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive means is a hydraulic assembly comprising a jack. 9. Crusher according to claim 1 and claim 5 characterized in that the vertical shaft (3) presses and slides on a flat upper surface of the collar (25) of the eccentric device (14).

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