EP0200468A2 - Photoreceptor drum for electrophotography - Google Patents

Photoreceptor drum for electrophotography Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200468A2
EP0200468A2 EP86303059A EP86303059A EP0200468A2 EP 0200468 A2 EP0200468 A2 EP 0200468A2 EP 86303059 A EP86303059 A EP 86303059A EP 86303059 A EP86303059 A EP 86303059A EP 0200468 A2 EP0200468 A2 EP 0200468A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photoreceptor drum
photoreceptor
electrophotography
conductive substrate
photosensitive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86303059A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0200468A3 (en
Inventor
Toru Nakazawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mita Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Publication of EP0200468A2 publication Critical patent/EP0200468A2/en
Publication of EP0200468A3 publication Critical patent/EP0200468A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/75—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing
    • G03G15/751—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing relating to drum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a photoreceptor for electrophotography. More particularly, it relates to a photoreceptor drum which is very resistant to abrasion and with which vibration of the cleaning doctor blade is avoided.
  • the maximum surface roughness of an inorganic photoreceptor made from Se, etc., and an organic photoreceptor made from an organic photoconductor, which are used in copying machines for electrophotography, is usually set to be less than 0.3 S so as to promote the image quality.
  • the base tube made of an aluminum substrate is treated before the construction of the photoreceptor by grinding to give surface roughness of less than 0.3 S, and a finishing treatment achieves a mirror-like surface. The more precise the step of polishing the surface, the more expensive is the construction.
  • a photoreceptor constructed by forming a photosensitive layer on the surface of the base tube that has gone through the above-mentioned polishing step achieving a mirror-like surface abrasion of the photoreceptor increases greatly when the cleaning doctor blade and the surface of the photoreceptor come into contact by 80% or more during the step of cleaning. This is particularly the case when the surface is soft, as is true for organic photoreceptor drums.
  • the abrasion coefficient between the cleaning doctor blade and the photoreceptor is so high that vibration of the cleaning blade occurs and the cleaning of the surface of the photoreceptor becomes unsatisfactory. Due to such an abrasion phenomenon, nonuniformity of charging characteristics and inadequate cleaning arise in the photoreceptor drum, and distinct copy images cannot be obtained.
  • This invention was completed on the basis of the observation of the inventor that superior resistance to abrasion by the cleaning doctor blade and the prevention of the vibration of this blade can be achieved without deterioration of the image quality when moderate limits for the roughness of the surface of a photoreceptor drum are set, unlike the conventional situation in which there is excessive polishing of the base tube at the time of construction of the photoreceptor drum.
  • a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography comprising a cylindrical conductive substrate and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer covering the outer surface of said substrate, wherein the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photoreceptor drum is in the range of 0.3 S to 2.0 S.
  • the cylindrical conductive substrate is, in preferred practice, made of aluminum.
  • the cylindrical conductive substrate is, in preferred practice, polished using a grinding machine such as a cylindrical grinder.
  • the invention described herein makes possible the objects of (1) providing a photoreceptor . drum for electrophotography that has superior resistance to abrasion by the cleaning doctor blade; (2) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography that has a lowered coefficient of friction against the cleaning doctor blade, thereby attaining the prevention of vibration of the cleaning doctor blade; (3) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography, the charging characteristics of which are stable for a long period of time and which attains an excellent cleaning effect, resulting in distinct copy images; and (4) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography in which an excess of polishing of the base tube of the drum is unnecessary, which enables the cost to be greatly decreased.
  • the photoreceptor drum 1 of this invention comprises a cylindrical conductive substrate 11 and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer 12 covering the outer surface 110 thereof.
  • the conductive substrate 11 is made of, for example, aluminum that is 1.2 ⁇ m thick.
  • the maximum roughness, R'max, of the outer surface 110 of this conductive substrate 11 is established within the limits of 0.3 S to 2.0 S. If R'max were less than 0.3 S, the effects to be provided by this invention would not be obtained. If it were more than 2.0 S, the bit notches of the polishing step would appear on the outer surface 110 of the substrate, and when the photosensitive layer 12 was formed on this outer surface 110, the uniformity of the outer surface 120 of the photosensitive layer 12 would be damaged. Therefore, the charging characteristics of the photosensitive layer 12 would not be uniform.
  • the above-mentioned polishing step is carried out as is usual in this field, using, for example, a cylindrical grinder. A sandblaster or such equipment can be used for the finishing of the surface.
  • the photosensitive layer 12 which covers the outer surface 110 of the above-mentioned conductive substrate 11, is made of an inorganic or organic photosensitive material that is ordinarily used for photoreceptors for electrophotography.
  • organic photosensitive materials are compounds of high molecular weight such as polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), etc., and compounds of low molecular weight such as pyrazoline derivatives, etc.
  • suitable inorganic photosensitive materials are amorphous selenium (Se), zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium sulfate (CdS), etc.
  • Such a photosensitive material is applied to the outer surface 110 of the conductive substrate 11 using a blade coater, etc., and then it is treated at 100 Q C for one hour, resulting in a photosensitive layer 12 with a thickness of about 12 ⁇ m.
  • the surface 120 of this photosensitive layer 12 is made so as to lie along the outer surface 110 of the conductive substrate 11 as if they were one piece, so the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photosensitive layer 12 is approximately equal to the maximum roughness, R'max, of the outer surface of the substrate 11.
  • the true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade is from 5% to 70%.
  • This true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade is represented by the formula (S/S O ) x 100, wherein S is the true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade, and So is the effective surface area of the cleaning doctor blade to come into contact with the photoreceptor drum 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)

Abstract

@ A photoreceptor drum for electrophotography comprising a cylindrical conductive substrate (11) and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer (12) covering the outer surface of said substrate, wherein the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photoreceptor drum is in the range of 0.3 S to 2.0 S.

Description

  • This invention relates to a photoreceptor for electrophotography. More particularly, it relates to a photoreceptor drum which is very resistant to abrasion and with which vibration of the cleaning doctor blade is avoided.
  • The maximum surface roughness of an inorganic photoreceptor made from Se, etc., and an organic photoreceptor made from an organic photoconductor, which are used in copying machines for electrophotography, is usually set to be less than 0.3 S so as to promote the image quality. In order to obtain this value for the surface roughness of the photoreceptor, the base tube made of an aluminum substrate is treated before the construction of the photoreceptor by grinding to give surface roughness of less than 0.3 S, and a finishing treatment achieves a mirror-like surface. The more precise the step of polishing the surface, the more expensive is the construction.
  • With a photoreceptor constructed by forming a photosensitive layer on the surface of the base tube that has gone through the above-mentioned polishing step achieving a mirror-like surface abrasion of the photoreceptor increases greatly when the cleaning doctor blade and the surface of the photoreceptor come into contact by 80% or more during the step of cleaning. This is particularly the case when the surface is soft, as is true for organic photoreceptor drums. Moreover, the abrasion coefficient between the cleaning doctor blade and the photoreceptor is so high that vibration of the cleaning blade occurs and the cleaning of the surface of the photoreceptor becomes unsatisfactory. Due to such an abrasion phenomenon, nonuniformity of charging characteristics and inadequate cleaning arise in the photoreceptor drum, and distinct copy images cannot be obtained.
  • This invention was completed on the basis of the observation of the inventor that superior resistance to abrasion by the cleaning doctor blade and the prevention of the vibration of this blade can be achieved without deterioration of the image quality when moderate limits for the roughness of the surface of a photoreceptor drum are set, unlike the conventional situation in which there is excessive polishing of the base tube at the time of construction of the photoreceptor drum.
  • Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography comprising a cylindrical conductive substrate and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer covering the outer surface of said substrate, wherein the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photoreceptor drum is in the range of 0.3 S to 2.0 S.
  • The cylindrical conductive substrate is, in preferred practice, made of aluminum.
  • The cylindrical conductive substrate is, in preferred practice, polished using a grinding machine such as a cylindrical grinder.
  • Thus, the invention described herein makes possible the objects of (1) providing a photoreceptor . drum for electrophotography that has superior resistance to abrasion by the cleaning doctor blade; (2) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography that has a lowered coefficient of friction against the cleaning doctor blade, thereby attaining the prevention of vibration of the cleaning doctor blade; (3) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography, the charging characteristics of which are stable for a long period of time and which attains an excellent cleaning effect, resulting in distinct copy images; and (4) providing a photoreceptor drum for electrophotography in which an excess of polishing of the base tube of the drum is unnecessary, which enables the cost to be greatly decreased.
  • For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
    • Figure l(a) is a perspective view showing a photoreceptor drum of this invention.
    • Figure l(b) is a sectional side view showing, to an enlarged scale, a portion of the photoreceptor drum shown in Figure l(a).
    • Figure 2 is a graph showing the changes over time in the surface potential of a photoreceptor drum of this invention and of a reference standard photoreceptor drum.
  • As shown in Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b), the photoreceptor drum 1 of this invention comprises a cylindrical conductive substrate 11 and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer 12 covering the outer surface 110 thereof.
  • The conductive substrate 11 is made of, for example, aluminum that is 1.2 µm thick. The maximum roughness, R'max, of the outer surface 110 of this conductive substrate 11 is established within the limits of 0.3 S to 2.0 S. If R'max were less than 0.3 S, the effects to be provided by this invention would not be obtained. If it were more than 2.0 S, the bit notches of the polishing step would appear on the outer surface 110 of the substrate, and when the photosensitive layer 12 was formed on this outer surface 110, the uniformity of the outer surface 120 of the photosensitive layer 12 would be damaged. Therefore, the charging characteristics of the photosensitive layer 12 would not be uniform. The above-mentioned polishing step is carried out as is usual in this field, using, for example, a cylindrical grinder. A sandblaster or such equipment can be used for the finishing of the surface.
  • The photosensitive layer 12, which covers the outer surface 110 of the above-mentioned conductive substrate 11, is made of an inorganic or organic photosensitive material that is ordinarily used for photoreceptors for electrophotography. Examples of organic photosensitive materials are compounds of high molecular weight such as polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), etc., and compounds of low molecular weight such as pyrazoline derivatives, etc. Examples of suitable inorganic photosensitive materials are amorphous selenium (Se), zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium sulfate (CdS), etc. Such a photosensitive material is applied to the outer surface 110 of the conductive substrate 11 using a blade coater, etc., and then it is treated at 100QC for one hour, resulting in a photosensitive layer 12 with a thickness of about 12 µm. The surface 120 of this photosensitive layer 12 is made so as to lie along the outer surface 110 of the conductive substrate 11 as if they were one piece, so the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photosensitive layer 12 is approximately equal to the maximum roughness, R'max, of the outer surface of the substrate 11. When the photoreceptor drum 1 obtained by the formation of the photosensitive layer 12 on the conductive substrate 11 is installed and used in a copying machine to make copies, the true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade is from 5% to 70%. This true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade is represented by the formula (S/SO) x 100, wherein S is the true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade, and So is the effective surface area of the cleaning doctor blade to come into contact with the photoreceptor drum 1.
    • Example
  • When copies were made using a photoreceptor drum 1 of this invention having the maximum surface roughness of 0.6 S, the true contact of the photoreceptor drum 1 with the cleaning doctor blade was 30%. The changes over time in the surface potential of this photoreceptor drum 1 was measured and the results are shown in Figure 2, indicating that there is almost no decrease in the surface potential, which means that the resistance to abrasion of the photoreceptor drum is excellent. Also, vibration of the cleaning doctor , blade did not take place, and distinct copies were obtained over a long period of time.
    • Control
  • Copies were made in the same manner as in the above-mentioned example, except that a photoreceptor drum polished to a mirror-like surface with a maximum roughness of 0.1 S was used. The true contact of the photoreceptor drum with the cleaning doctor blade was 90%. The changes over time in the surface potential of this photoreceptor drum were measured, and the results are shown in the same figure as for the Example (Figure 2). Figure 2 indicates that the surface potential decreased markedly, and that the durability of the photoreceptor drum was much worse than that of the above example. Vibration of the cleaning doctor blade occurred, and cleaning of the photoreceptor surface was unsatisfactory.

Claims (3)

1. A photoreceptor drum for electrophotography comprising a cylindrical conductive substrate and an organic or inorganic photosensitive layer covering the outer surface of said substrate, wherein the maximum roughness, Rmax, of the surface of the photoreceptor drum is in the range of 0.3 S to 2.0.S.
2. A photoreceptor drum for electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein said cylindrical conductive substrate is made of aluminum.
3. A photoreceptor drum for electrophotography according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said cylindrical conductive substrate is polished using a grinding machine such as a cylindrical grinder.
EP86303059A 1985-04-30 1986-04-23 Photoreceptor drum for electrophotography Withdrawn EP0200468A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP94232/85 1985-04-30
JP9423285A JPS61251859A (en) 1985-04-30 1985-04-30 Electrophotographic sensitive drum

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200468A2 true EP0200468A2 (en) 1986-11-05
EP0200468A3 EP0200468A3 (en) 1987-01-21

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Family Applications (1)

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EP86303059A Withdrawn EP0200468A3 (en) 1985-04-30 1986-04-23 Photoreceptor drum for electrophotography

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0200468A3 (en)
JP (1) JPS61251859A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2232264A (en) * 1989-05-30 1990-12-05 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Conductive substrate for electrophotographic member
EP0730207A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
SG90181A1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2002-07-23 Naito Mfg Co Ltd Process for producing substrate for photosensitive drum and substrate for photosensitive drum

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0762762B2 (en) * 1987-10-12 1995-07-05 キヤノン株式会社 Full color electrophotographic equipment
JP5942693B2 (en) * 2012-08-10 2016-06-29 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
JP2019056942A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-11 キヤノン株式会社 Image forming apparatus, intermediate transfer body, and method for manufacturing intermediate transfer body

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2733187A1 (en) * 1976-07-23 1978-01-26 Ricoh Kk SELENIUM BASED PHOTO-SENSITIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY
JPS5729051A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Pretreatment of substrate of electrophotographic receptor
JPS58174956A (en) * 1982-04-08 1983-10-14 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of electrophotographic receptor
JPS59135473A (en) * 1983-01-21 1984-08-03 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPS6033562A (en) * 1983-08-05 1985-02-20 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of electrophotographic sensitive body

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2733187A1 (en) * 1976-07-23 1978-01-26 Ricoh Kk SELENIUM BASED PHOTO-SENSITIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY
JPS5729051A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Pretreatment of substrate of electrophotographic receptor
JPS58174956A (en) * 1982-04-08 1983-10-14 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of electrophotographic receptor
JPS59135473A (en) * 1983-01-21 1984-08-03 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPS6033562A (en) * 1983-08-05 1985-02-20 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of electrophotographic sensitive body

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 92 (P-119)[970], 29th May 1982; & JP-A-57 029 051 (FUJI DENKI SEIZO) 16-02-1982 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 8, no. 14 (P-249)[1451], 21st January 1984; & JP-A-58 174 956 (FUJI DENKI SEIZO) 14-10-1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 8, no. 265 (P-318)[1702], 5th December 1984; & JP-A-59 135 473 (FUJI DENKI SEIZO) 03-08-1984 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 157 (P-369)[1880], 2nd July 1985; & JP-A-60 033 562 (FUJI DENKI SEIZO) 20-02-1985 (Cat. X) *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2232264A (en) * 1989-05-30 1990-12-05 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Conductive substrate for electrophotographic member
US5166023A (en) * 1989-05-30 1992-11-24 Fuji Xerox Corporation, Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor and related method
GB2232264B (en) * 1989-05-30 1994-02-23 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method using the same
EP0984335A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 2000-03-08 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method therof
US5773175A (en) * 1995-03-03 1998-06-30 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
US6033815A (en) * 1995-03-03 2000-03-07 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
EP0730207A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
US6180300B1 (en) 1995-03-03 2001-01-30 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
US6180299B1 (en) 1995-03-03 2001-01-30 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
US6258500B1 (en) 1995-03-03 2001-07-10 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
EP1217452A2 (en) * 1995-03-03 2002-06-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
EP1217452A3 (en) * 1995-03-03 2002-08-14 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive body for electrophotographical use and manufacturing method thereof
SG90181A1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2002-07-23 Naito Mfg Co Ltd Process for producing substrate for photosensitive drum and substrate for photosensitive drum
US6474204B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2002-11-05 Naito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Process for producing substrate for photosensitive drum and substrate for photosensitive drum

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61251859A (en) 1986-11-08
EP0200468A3 (en) 1987-01-21

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