EP0200074B1 - Stabilizer for aqueous suspensions - Google Patents
Stabilizer for aqueous suspensions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0200074B1 EP0200074B1 EP86105103A EP86105103A EP0200074B1 EP 0200074 B1 EP0200074 B1 EP 0200074B1 EP 86105103 A EP86105103 A EP 86105103A EP 86105103 A EP86105103 A EP 86105103A EP 0200074 B1 EP0200074 B1 EP 0200074B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pet
- coke
- bentonite
- stabilizer
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising an aqueous suspension of pet-coke and an stabilizer.
- Pet-coke is a high heat value product with low content of ashes, and a great interest exists hence in converting said pet-coke into a fluid product by dispersing it in liquids, in particular in water.
- the aqueous suspensions of pet-coke can be stabilized by adding to them bentonite in amounts comprised within the range of from 0.2 to 3% by weight relatively to the weight of the suspension.
- the concentration of pet-coke in water it is usually comprised within the range of from 50% to 80% by weight.
- the composition contains, in addition to the aqueous suspension of pet-coke and to the bentonite, normal fluidifiers, in particular those obtained by the sulphonation and salifying of coal tar, and possible condensation with formaldehyde, or the non-surfactant anionic polyelectrolytes, in particular those having alkyl-substituted polynuclear aromatic groups and having a molecular weight higher than 300 and preferably comprised within the range of from 500 to 3000.
- normal fluidifiers in particular those obtained by the sulphonation and salifying of coal tar, and possible condensation with formaldehyde
- non-surfactant anionic polyelectrolytes in particular those having alkyl-substituted polynuclear aromatic groups and having a molecular weight higher than 300 and preferably comprised within the range of from 500 to 3000.
- the granulometry of pet-coke in the aqueous suspension is such as to have particles of size lower than 300 1 1m, and preferably the suspension is formed by two groups of particles of different average size, the first group of particles having an average size between 210 11m and 60 11m, whilst the par- tides of the second group have an average size comprised between 1/6 and 1/20 of the average size of the particles of the first group.
- the particles of the first group are at least 50% and up to 80% by weight of the total of the particles.
- the bentonite is added to the fluidifier-containing pet-coke in the step of pet-coke grinding, or in the step of mixing with water and additives.
- the process in case of a continuous-type granulometry of the particles of pet-coke, the process is carried out as described above, with the exception of the fact that the grinding is carried out under wet and not dry conditions.
- the bentonite can be added either during the wet grinding step in which the coarser fractions are produced, or, preferably, during the wet grinding during which the finer (micronized) fraction is produced.
- a rod mill In order to obtain the coarser fraction, a rod mill is generally used, whilst to obtain the finer fraction a ball micronizer is used.
- the end particle sizes of the two pet-coke fractions are those as above mentioned.
- the wet milling to obtain the coarser fraction is preferably carried out by mixing the raw pet-coke to be ground with the wet-micronized fraction, continuining the grinding, until the size desired for the coarse fraction is reached. This is the grinding process adopted in Examples 2 and 3.
- a slurry has been prepared with the coarse fraction and the micronized fraction, in the weight ratio of 65/35 at a concentration of pet-coke of 72.0% by weight, and with an amount of DAXAD 15 of 0.5%. Bentonite has been metered into it in the amounts of respectively 0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%.
- the values of stability, as % after 48 hours, for the five cases, are respectively 91.0; 96.0; 98.5; 99; 99.5.
- the determination of the static stability is carried out by pouring the coal suspension into a 170x24 mm plexiglas cylinder and keeping it resting for a determined time at constant temperature.
- the cylinder is introduced in a freezer to cause the suspension to solidify.
- the 150-mm high core is thex extracted from the cylinder and from its ends two samples of about 15 mm of height are drawn.
- the two samples are then analyzed for the determination of the content of solids.
- the % ratio of the solids content found in the top sample to that of the bottom sample allows to calculate the stability.
- the static stability is expressed by a number comprised between 0 and 100.
- the pet-coke used was that of Example 1.
- the wet-micronization has been carried out at a concentration of 50% of solids, with an amount of DAXAD 15 corresponding to the concentration of 0.5%, as referred to the end rod milling.
- the coarse/fine ratio in the end rod milling has been 65/35.
- the end concentration of pet-coke has been of 71% by weight.
- the pet-coke used was that of Example 1.
- the whole amount of fluidifier additive DAXAD 15 has been added in the micronization step, so as to obtain in the end rod milling a concentration of 0.5%.
- the bentonite amounts above listed correspond to 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.25%. 0.35%. 0.45% in the end product.
- the concentration of pet-coke in the end product has resulted around 71 %.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous suspension of pet-coke and an stabilizer.
- Pet-coke is a high heat value product with low content of ashes, and a great interest exists hence in converting said pet-coke into a fluid product by dispersing it in liquids, in particular in water.
- The problem to be faced with pet-coke is that it gives rise to completely unstable suspensions in water.
- After a short rest time indeed an aqueous suspension of pet-coke gives rise to a lower layer of highly packed pet-coke, and to an upper layer of water.
- Homogenizing again the two resulting phases is very difficult.
- The use of traditional stabilizers of polysaccharide type (xanthan gums) is not very efficient from the point of view, and also because it induces considerable increases in viscosity.
- The use of bentonite to stabilize coal-water mixtures is known from US 4 505 716.
- It has been surprisingly found, and this is the object of the present invention, that the aqueous suspensions of pet-coke can be stabilized by adding to them bentonite in amounts comprised within the range of from 0.2 to 3% by weight relatively to the weight of the suspension.
- As for the concentration of pet-coke in water, it is usually comprised within the range of from 50% to 80% by weight.
- The composition contains, in addition to the aqueous suspension of pet-coke and to the bentonite, normal fluidifiers, in particular those obtained by the sulphonation and salifying of coal tar, and possible condensation with formaldehyde, or the non-surfactant anionic polyelectrolytes, in particular those having alkyl-substituted polynuclear aromatic groups and having a molecular weight higher than 300 and preferably comprised within the range of from 500 to 3000.
- Among these latter, it is worth while mentioning the salts of monovalent cations of polymerized alkyl naphthalene-sulphonic acids, and among these the compounds known under the trade names DAXAD 15 (W.R. Grace), DAXAD 19 (W.R. Grace) and Reoplast 203 (Fratelli Lamberti).
- As for the granulometry of pet-coke in the aqueous suspension, it is such as to have particles of size lower than 300 11m, and preferably the suspension is formed by two groups of particles of different average size, the first group of particles having an average size between 210 11m and 60 11m, whilst the par- tides of the second group have an average size comprised between 1/6 and 1/20 of the average size of the particles of the first group.
- The particles of the first group are at least 50% and up to 80% by weight of the total of the particles.
- As for the preparation of the suspension of pet-coke containing the stabilizer according to the present invention two routes can be followed: dry process and wet process.
- In the dry process, the bentonite is added to the fluidifier-containing pet-coke in the step of pet-coke grinding, or in the step of mixing with water and additives.
- In the wet process, in case of a continuous-type granulometry of the particles of pet-coke, the process is carried out as described above, with the exception of the fact that the grinding is carried out under wet and not dry conditions.
- On the contrary, in case mixtures of pet-coke with two different granulometric fractions are used, as preferable, the bentonite can be added either during the wet grinding step in which the coarser fractions are produced, or, preferably, during the wet grinding during which the finer (micronized) fraction is produced.
- In order to obtain the coarser fraction, a rod mill is generally used, whilst to obtain the finer fraction a ball micronizer is used.
- The end particle sizes of the two pet-coke fractions are those as above mentioned.
- The two fractions mixed with each other give rise to the aqueous suspensions of pet-coke.
- The wet milling to obtain the coarser fraction is preferably carried out by mixing the raw pet-coke to be ground with the wet-micronized fraction, continuining the grinding, until the size desired for the coarse fraction is reached. This is the grinding process adopted in Examples 2 and 3.
- Some Examples having the purpose of better illustrating the invention shall be now given, it being intended that the same invention is not limited by them or to them.
- The pet-coke having the following characteristics has been used:
- volatile matter 12.6% by weight
- sulphur 4.63% by weight
- ashes 0.4 : 0.5% by weight
- gross heat value, referred to
- dry pet-coke 2035 J/Kg (8520 Kcal/Kg)
- grindability index 22.3 Hardgrove
- A slurry has been prepared with the coarse fraction and the micronized fraction, in the weight ratio of 65/35 at a concentration of pet-coke of 72.0% by weight, and with an amount of DAXAD 15 of 0.5%. Bentonite has been metered into it in the amounts of respectively 0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%.
- The samples stored inside closed containers have shown a good stability already at the bentonite concentration of 1 %, but the optimum concentration value has resulted to be 1.5%.
- Larger amounts of bentonite confer a too pseudoplastic character to the product.
- The values of stability, as % after 48 hours, for the five cases, are respectively 91.0; 96.0; 98.5; 99; 99.5.
- The rheological characteristics obtained are the following:
- The determination of the static stability is carried out by pouring the coal suspension into a 170x24 mm plexiglas cylinder and keeping it resting for a determined time at constant temperature.
- After such time, the cylinder is introduced in a freezer to cause the suspension to solidify.
- The 150-mm high core is thex extracted from the cylinder and from its ends two samples of about 15 mm of height are drawn.
- The two samples are then analyzed for the determination of the content of solids.
- The % ratio of the solids content found in the top sample to that of the bottom sample allows to calculate the stability.
- The static stability is expressed by a number comprised between 0 and 100.
- The pet-coke used was that of Example 1.
- The wet-micronization has been carried out at a concentration of 50% of solids, with an amount of DAXAD 15 corresponding to the concentration of 0.5%, as referred to the end rod milling.
- The coarse/fine ratio in the end rod milling has been 65/35.
- At the beginning of the wet rod milling, the following amounts of bentonite have been respectively added:
- 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%.
- The end concentration of pet-coke has been of 71% by weight.
-
- The pet-coke used was that of Example 1.
- Wet-micronizations have been carried out at a concentration of 50% of solids, with the addition of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% of bentonite, referred to the overall micronized matter.
- The whole amount of fluidifier additive DAXAD 15 has been added in the micronization step, so as to obtain in the end rod milling a concentration of 0.5%.
- Using a coarse/fine ratio of 65/35 in the end rod milling, the bentonite amounts above listed correspond to 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.25%. 0.35%. 0.45% in the end product.
- The concentration of pet-coke in the end product has resulted around 71 %.
-
- From the results obtained, it can be observed how, to the purpose of minimizing the concentration to be added, the use of bentonite in the micronization step is more convenient. The optimum concentration of bentonite to be added is of 0.2-0.4%, referred to the end rod milling.
- In the Figure the stability (ordinate, as %) obtained by adding bentonite (abscissae, as %) in the rod-milling step (white circles) and in the micronization step (black circles) is comparatively shown.
- It can be observed that better stabilities and with lower concentrations are obtained by adding bentonite in the micronization step.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT20456/85A IT1187660B (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1985-04-23 | WATER SUSPENSION STABILIZER |
IT2045685 | 1985-04-23 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0200074A2 EP0200074A2 (en) | 1986-11-05 |
EP0200074A3 EP0200074A3 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
EP0200074B1 true EP0200074B1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
Family
ID=11167220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86105103A Expired - Lifetime EP0200074B1 (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1986-04-14 | Stabilizer for aqueous suspensions |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0200074B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH068420B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU587610B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8601992A (en) |
DD (1) | DD244561A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3668908D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8802578A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI861554A (en) |
GR (1) | GR860933B (en) |
IN (1) | IN167190B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1187660B (en) |
NO (1) | NO861561L (en) |
SU (1) | SU1731065A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA862533B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4282922A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-08-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Lead coated alumina fiber and lead matrix composites thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4062694A (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1977-12-13 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Stable particulate suspensions |
US4251230A (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1981-02-17 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Coal suspensions in organic liquids |
US4375358A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1983-03-01 | Conoco Inc. | Fuel slurries of solid carbonaceous material in water |
US4505716A (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-03-19 | Itt Corporation | Combustible coal/water mixture for fuels and methods of preparing same |
-
1985
- 1985-04-23 IT IT20456/85A patent/IT1187660B/en active
-
1986
- 1986-04-04 ZA ZA862533A patent/ZA862533B/en unknown
- 1986-04-08 IN IN256/MAS/86A patent/IN167190B/en unknown
- 1986-04-09 GR GR860933A patent/GR860933B/en unknown
- 1986-04-11 AU AU55990/86A patent/AU587610B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-04-14 FI FI861554A patent/FI861554A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-04-14 EP EP86105103A patent/EP0200074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-14 DE DE8686105103T patent/DE3668908D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-18 BR BR8601992A patent/BR8601992A/en unknown
- 1986-04-21 DD DD86289444A patent/DD244561A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-21 NO NO861561A patent/NO861561L/en unknown
- 1986-04-22 SU SU864027314A patent/SU1731065A3/en active
- 1986-04-22 ES ES554668A patent/ES8802578A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-23 JP JP61092434A patent/JPH068420B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SU1731065A3 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
DE3668908D1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
GR860933B (en) | 1986-07-01 |
IT8520456A0 (en) | 1985-04-23 |
AU587610B2 (en) | 1989-08-24 |
FI861554A0 (en) | 1986-04-14 |
FI861554A (en) | 1986-10-24 |
EP0200074A2 (en) | 1986-11-05 |
NO861561L (en) | 1986-10-24 |
EP0200074A3 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
ZA862533B (en) | 1986-11-26 |
DD244561A5 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
IT1187660B (en) | 1987-12-23 |
IN167190B (en) | 1990-09-15 |
JPH068420B2 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
JPS61247794A (en) | 1986-11-05 |
AU5599086A (en) | 1986-10-30 |
ES8802578A1 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
ES554668A0 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
BR8601992A (en) | 1987-01-06 |
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