EP0197350B1 - Dual-band corrugated horn with a dielectric transition - Google Patents

Dual-band corrugated horn with a dielectric transition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197350B1
EP0197350B1 EP86103404A EP86103404A EP0197350B1 EP 0197350 B1 EP0197350 B1 EP 0197350B1 EP 86103404 A EP86103404 A EP 86103404A EP 86103404 A EP86103404 A EP 86103404A EP 0197350 B1 EP0197350 B1 EP 0197350B1
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Prior art keywords
horn
length
dielectric
transition section
dielectric constant
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EP86103404A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0197350A1 (en
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Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Tauscheck
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-band horn radiator, consisting of a transition part adjoining a feed waveguide of circular cross-section and a horn, the funnel-shaped inner wall of which is provided with grooves, for two frequency bands lying apart.
  • Grooved horns of this type are frequently used in the microwave range because of their favorable properties. With suitable dimensioning in a broad frequency band, they have good adaptation as well as directional characteristics with high axial symmetry and low cross polarization. To achieve these properties, the groove dimensions must be dimensioned precisely.
  • short grooved horn radiators are mainly used as exciters for the mirror system, since horns with large opening angles. d. H. > 30 °, enable good diagram properties over a wide frequency range with a short overall length.
  • series antennas it is important that no mechanically complicated structures of the grooves and the transition zone from the feed waveguide to the groove part of the horn are required, since otherwise the horn has to be assembled in a complex manner from several fitting parts.
  • the optimization of the reflection factor in two frequency bands separated by a factor of 1.7 to values below 3% is not guaranteed in the design of the horns according to known dimensioning rules by simply varying the grooves and the transition form in the metal body of the horn.
  • the pressure seal on the horn usually a dielectric plate, must also be included in the reflection adjustment, the compensation of which is difficult at high bandwidths.
  • the invention has for its object to design a horn of the type described above so that an optimization of the reflection in two different frequency bands is achieved in a simple manner.
  • the horn emitter shown in Fig. 1 consists of a transition part 1 of length So and a horn 2 (groove part).
  • B o is the feed waveguide diameter
  • x the length of the horn
  • K is a coefficient with the value «1
  • n is a coefficient with a value 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 8, for example 5.
  • the transition part 1 has a flat start, in which the gradation only begins after about 2/3 of its length.
  • the following horn 2 is constructed in accordance with the known formulas and computer programs for radiation optimization. With appropriate dimensions, such a horn typically has reflection factors of r ⁇ 10% in the lower band and r ⁇ 5% in the upper band.
  • the disturbance of the fundamental wave H 11 in the lower band generated at the horn bend and at the first grooves is in an axially extended area in the B o - e K ⁇ xn transition with a very weak rigid foam dielectric 3 ( Er1 ⁇ 1.3) at the next possible location in the Transition compensated.
  • the dielectric 3 completely or partially fills the last quarter of the transition part 1 in the direction of the horn 2. Because of the large distance between the frequency bands and thus the waveguide wavelength ratio ⁇ H E 1 below / ⁇ H E1 above, it is possible to interpret the interference caused in the upper band by the axial distance between the interfaces of the weak dielectric itself.
  • the average electrically effective length of the dielectric 3 in the stepped transition part corresponds to the condition ⁇ H ⁇ 1 / 2 for the upper operating frequency range.
  • the mechanical length S of the continuous weak dielectric 3 that is to say the dielectric with a low dielectric constant, is approximately So / 8 to So / 3 if So is the length of the transition 1 .
  • a partial length of the dielectric 3 with a low dielectric constant ⁇ r1 is replaced by a thin disk 4 (film) with a higher dielectric constant Er2 (er 2 - 2.5 to 4.7).
  • the dielectric 3 with a low dielectric constant ⁇ r1 is removed in the end region, ie shortened by the length S - S'o, where S'o is the remaining length of the dielectric 3.
  • the thin disk 4 of the material of high dielectric constant Er2 is applied to the reduced end area of the dielectric 3, which is much thinner than the removed material layer.
  • the dielectric body 3, 4 is glued into the step transition.
  • the change in the radiation diagram compared to the unbalanced horn is small and can usually be neglected. This is a great advantage when dimensioning the grooved horn, because e.g. B. Changes in the first grooves to improve the fit, especially in the upper band, can have a major impact on the radiation pattern. If an axial groove structure is selected when dimensioning the horn, the type of compensation enables grooved horns without undercuts * ) and complicated curves to be built, so that production in one piece is possible as a turned part.
  • the horn emitter according to the invention with the specially designed transition part thus advantageously serves to fine-tune the reflection factor in two spaced-apart frequency bands in grooved horns, which are designed on the basis of radiation diagram optimization. At the same time, the problem of reflection of the pressure seal in two bands is also solved. * ) grooved grooves

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Doppelbandhornstrahler, bestehend aus einem sich an einen Speisehohlleiter kreisförmigen Querschnitts anschließenden Übergangsteil und einem Horn, dessen sich trichterförmig erweiternde Innenwand mit Rillen versehen ist, für zwei auseinanderliegende Frequenzbänder.The invention relates to a double-band horn radiator, consisting of a transition part adjoining a feed waveguide of circular cross-section and a horn, the funnel-shaped inner wall of which is provided with grooves, for two frequency bands lying apart.

Im Mikrowellenbereich finden derartige Rillenhörner wegen ihrer günstigen Eigenschaften häufig Anwendung. Sie weisen bei geeigneter Dimensionierung in einem breiten Frequenzband eine gute Anpassung sowie Richtcharakteristiken mit hoher Axialsymmetrie und geringer Kreuzpolarisation auf. Zur Erreichung dieser Eigenschaften müssen die Rillenabmessungen genau dimensioniert sein.Grooved horns of this type are frequently used in the microwave range because of their favorable properties. With suitable dimensioning in a broad frequency band, they have good adaptation as well as directional characteristics with high axial symmetry and low cross polarization. To achieve these properties, the groove dimensions must be dimensioned precisely.

Bei der Dimensionierung von Doppelbandrichtfunkantennen werden als Erreger für das Spiegelsystem vorwiegend kurze Rillenhornstrahler verwendet, da Hörner mit großen Öffnungswinkeln. d. h. > 30°, gute Diagrammeigenschaften über einen weiten Frequenzbereich bei kurzer Baulänge ermöglichen. Dabei ist es bei Serienantennen wichtig, daß keine mechanisch zu komplizierten Strukturen der Rillen und der Übergangszone vom Speisehohlleiter zum Rillenteil des Horns benötigt werden, da sonst das Horn in aufwendiger Weise aus mehreren Paßteilen zusammengesetzt werden muß. Insbesondere die Optimierung des Reflexionsfaktors in zwei um den Faktor 1,7 auseinanderliegenden Frequenzbändern auf Werte unter 3 % ist beim Entwurf der Hörner nach bekannten Dimensionierungsregeln durch einfaches Variieren der Rillen und der Übergangsform im Metallkörper des Horns nicht gewährleistet. Bei trockenluftgeschützten Antennenzuleitungen ist zudem die Druckabdichtung am Horn, üblicherweise eine dielektrische Platte, in den Reflexionsabgleich miteinzubeziehen, deren Kompensation bei hohen Bandbreiten schwierig ist.When dimensioning double-band directional antennas, short grooved horn radiators are mainly used as exciters for the mirror system, since horns with large opening angles. d. H. > 30 °, enable good diagram properties over a wide frequency range with a short overall length. In the case of series antennas, it is important that no mechanically complicated structures of the grooves and the transition zone from the feed waveguide to the groove part of the horn are required, since otherwise the horn has to be assembled in a complex manner from several fitting parts. In particular, the optimization of the reflection factor in two frequency bands separated by a factor of 1.7 to values below 3% is not guaranteed in the design of the horns according to known dimensioning rules by simply varying the grooves and the transition form in the metal body of the horn. In the case of antenna feed lines protected from dry air, the pressure seal on the horn, usually a dielectric plate, must also be included in the reflection adjustment, the compensation of which is difficult at high bandwidths.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hornstrahler der eingangs beschriebenen Art so zu gestalten, daß eine Optimierung der Reflexion in zwei unterschiedlichen Frequenzbändern in einfacher Weise erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to design a horn of the type described above so that an optimization of the reflection in two different frequency bands is achieved in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung in der Weise gelöst, daß der Übergangsteil sich nach einer Bo . eK · xn-Kurve (Bo = Speisehohlleiterdurchmesser, x = Längsausdehnung des Horns, K = Koeffizient mit dem Wert « 1, n = Koeffizient mit einem Wert 2 < n < 8), in der Weise erweitert, daß der Öffnungswinkel bei der ersten Rille des Horns 0,5 ± 0,2 mal dem stetigen Öffnungswinkel des Horns entspricht und daß der dem Horn zugekehrte Endbereich des Übergangsteils auf einer Länge von S0/8 bis So/3 (So = Länge des Übergangsteils) mit einem Dielektrikum niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante (Er1 < 1,3) ganz oder teilweise ausgefüllt ist, in der Weise, daß eine Teillänge des Dielektrikums niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante ersetzt ist durch wenigstens eine dünne Scheibe eines Materials höherer Dielektrizitätskonstante (Er2 - 2,5 bis 4,7) zur Erfüllung der Funktion einer reflexionsoptimierten Druckabdichtung.This object is achieved according to the invention in such a way that the transition part after a B o . e K · xn curve (B o = feed waveguide diameter, x = longitudinal extension of the horn, K = coefficient with the value «1, n = coefficient with a value 2 <n <8), expanded in such a way that the opening angle at the first groove of the horn 0.5 ± 0.2 corresponds to times the steady opening angle of the horn and in that the facing the horn end portion of the transition part 0/8 to to / 3 (So = length of the transition portion) with a dielectric lower on a length of S Dielectric constant ( Er1 <1.3) is completely or partially filled in such a way that a partial length of the dielectric of low dielectric constant is replaced by at least one thin slice of a material of higher dielectric constant ( E r2 - 2.5 to 4.7) to fulfill the function of a reflection-optimized pressure seal.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous refinements and developments of the subject matter of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 den Hornstrahler mit Übergangsteil und Horn in einer geschnittenen Teildarstellung und
  • Fig. 2 den mit Dielektrikas gefüllten Endbereich des Übergangsteils.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it
  • Fig. 1 the horn radiator with transition part and horn in a sectional partial view and
  • 2 shows the end region of the transition part filled with dielectrics.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Hornstrahler besteht aus einem Übergangsteil 1 der Länge So und einem Horn 2 (Rillenteil). Der Durchmesser des Übergangsteils 1 im Anschlußbereich des Speisehohlleiters in der Fig. 1 an der Stelle x = o ist so dimensioniert, daß die Abhängigkeit des Feldwellenwiderstandes der Grundwelle H11 im unteren Band vom Hohlleiterdurchmesser aus dem sehr steilen Bereich nahe der Grenzfrequenz herauskommt, die E11-Welle im oberen Bereich jedoch möglichst noch nicht ausbreitungsfähig ist. Das Übergangsteil 1 erweitert sich bei x = o, ausgehend vom Durchmesser des Speisehohlleiters bis zu einem Durchmesser, bei dem die Bedingung fu/fc > 1.3 erfüllt ist (fu = unterste Betriebsfrequenz, fc = Grenzfrequenz der H11-Welle) nach einer Bo . eK . xn-Kurve in der Weise, daß der Öffnungswinkel bei der ersten Rille 0,5 * 0.2 mal dem stetigen Öffnungswinkel des folgenden Horns entspricht. Hierbei ist Bo der Speisehohlleiterdurchmesser, x die Längenausdehnung des Horns, K ein Koeffizient mit dem Wert « 1 und n ein Koeffizient mit einem Wert 2 < n < 8, beispielsweise 5. Statt einer stetigen Durchmessererweiterung werden zweckmäßigerweise im Übergangsteil Zylinderrohrbereiche mit konstanten Durchmessersprüngen verwendet. Dadurch wird die Lage des dielektrischen Körpers stabilisiert und die Herstellung der Anordnung vereinfacht. Der Übergangsteil 1 weist dabei einen flachen Anlauf auf, bei dem die Stufung erst nach etwa 2/3 seiner Länge beginnt. Das folgende Horn 2 ist entsprechend den bekannten Formeln und Rechenprogrammen zur Strahlungsoptimierung aufgebaut. Bei entsprechender Dimensionierung hat ein solches Horn typischerweise Reflexionsfaktoren von r < 10 % im unteren Band und r < 5 % im oberen Band.The horn emitter shown in Fig. 1 consists of a transition part 1 of length So and a horn 2 (groove part). The diameter of the transition part 1 in the connection area of the feed waveguide in FIG. 1 at the point x = o is dimensioned such that the dependence of the field wave resistance of the fundamental wave H 11 in the lower band on the waveguide diameter comes out of the very steep area near the cutoff frequency, the E 11 -wave in the upper area, however, is not yet capable of spreading. The transition part 1 widens at x = o, starting from the diameter of the feed waveguide to a diameter at which the condition fu / fc> 1.3 is fulfilled (f u = lowest operating frequency, f c = cut-off frequency of the H 11 wave) after one B o . e K. xn curve in such a way that the opening angle for the first groove corresponds to 0.5 * 0.2 times the continuous opening angle of the following horn. Here B o is the feed waveguide diameter, x the length of the horn, K is a coefficient with the value «1 and n is a coefficient with a value 2 <n <8, for example 5. Instead of a constant diameter expansion, cylinder tube regions with constant jumps in diameter are expediently used in the transition part . This stabilizes the position of the dielectric body and simplifies the manufacture of the arrangement. The transition part 1 has a flat start, in which the gradation only begins after about 2/3 of its length. The following horn 2 is constructed in accordance with the known formulas and computer programs for radiation optimization. With appropriate dimensions, such a horn typically has reflection factors of r <10% in the lower band and r <5% in the upper band.

Die am Hornknick und bei den ersten Rillen erzeugte Störung der Grundwelle H11 im unteren Band wird in einem axial ausgedehnten Bereich im Bo - eK · xn-Übergang mit einem sehr schwachen Hartschaumdielektrikum 3 (Er1 < 1,3) am nächstmöglichen Ort im Übergang kompensiert. Das Dielektrikum 3 füllt dabei etwa das letzte Viertel des Übergangsteils 1 in Richtung des Horns 2 ganz oder teilweise aus. Wegen des großen Abstands der Frequenzbänder und damit des Hohlleiterwellenlängenverhältnisses ÄHE1 unten/ λHE1 oben ist es möglich, die hervorgerufene Störung im oberen Band durch den axialen Abstand der Grenzflächen des schwachen Dielektrikums selbst kompensierend auszulegen. Dies ist erfüllt, wenn die mittlere elektrisch wirksame Länge des Dielektrikums 3 im gestuften Übergangsteil der Bedingung λHε1/2 für den oberen Betriebsfrequenzbereich entspricht. Die mechanische Länge S des durchgehenden schwachen Dielektrikums 3, d. h. des Dielektrikums mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante, beträgt dabei je nach Lage der Frequenzbänder, der Übergangsdurchmesser und der Dielektrizitätskonstante Er1 etwa So/8 bis So/3, wenn So die Länge des Übergangs 1 ist.The disturbance of the fundamental wave H 11 in the lower band generated at the horn bend and at the first grooves is in an axially extended area in the B o - e K · xn transition with a very weak rigid foam dielectric 3 ( Er1 <1.3) at the next possible location in the Transition compensated. The dielectric 3 completely or partially fills the last quarter of the transition part 1 in the direction of the horn 2. Because of the large distance between the frequency bands and thus the waveguide wavelength ratio Ä H E 1 below / λH E1 above, it is possible to interpret the interference caused in the upper band by the axial distance between the interfaces of the weak dielectric itself. This is fulfilled if the average electrically effective length of the dielectric 3 in the stepped transition part corresponds to the condition λH ε1 / 2 for the upper operating frequency range. Depending on the position of the frequency bands, the transition diameter and the dielectric constant E r 1 , the mechanical length S of the continuous weak dielectric 3, that is to say the dielectric with a low dielectric constant, is approximately So / 8 to So / 3 if So is the length of the transition 1 .

Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Teillänge des Dielektrikums 3 mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante εr1 durch eine dünne Scheibe 4 (Folie) mit höherer Dielektrizitätskonstante Er2 (er2 - 2,5 bis 4,7) ersetzt. Dabei ist, wie Fig. 2 zeigt, das Dielektrikum 3 mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante εr1 im Endbereich abgetragen, d. h. um die Länge S - S'o verkürzt, wobei S'o die verbleibende Länge des Dielektrikums 3 ist. Auf den reduzierten Endbereich des Dielektrikums 3 ist die dünne Scheibe 4 des Materials hoher Dielektrizitätskonstante Er2 (Dicke So - S'D) aufgebracht, die wesentlich dünner ist als die abgetragene Materialschicht. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Kompensation im unteren Band kaum verändert, wenn die ersetzte Länge mit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten εr1 elektrisch dem Einfluß der dünnen Schicht mit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten Fr2 entspricht, da die Phasen-Amplitudenänderung bei der großen Wellenlänge gering bleibt. Im oberen Band wirkt sich diese Anderung stärker aus, so daß verschiedene Dielektrizitätskombinationen, die im unteren Band nahezu gleich wirken, zum Restabgleich im oberen Band ausgelegt werden können. Die dünne Schicht mit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten Er2 (z. B. bei einem Horn für 2,1 bis 2,3 Gigahertz und 3,4 bis 3,6 Gigahertz eine 0,1 mm dicke Glasfaserepoxidfolie mit εr2 = 4,7) wirkt nun zugleich als reflexionsoptimierte Druckabdichtung. Die dünne Schicht mit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten er2 kann auch an beiden Enden der Schicht mit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten Er1 angelegt sein.In the exemplary embodiment shown, a partial length of the dielectric 3 with a low dielectric constant εr1 is replaced by a thin disk 4 (film) with a higher dielectric constant Er2 (er 2 - 2.5 to 4.7). 2, the dielectric 3 with a low dielectric constant εr1 is removed in the end region, ie shortened by the length S - S'o, where S'o is the remaining length of the dielectric 3. The thin disk 4 of the material of high dielectric constant Er2 (thickness So - S ' D ) is applied to the reduced end area of the dielectric 3, which is much thinner than the removed material layer. This measure hardly changes the compensation in the lower band if the replaced length with the dielectric constant εr1 corresponds electrically to the influence of the thin layer with the dielectric constant Fr2 , since the phase amplitude change remains small at the large wavelength. This change has a greater effect in the upper band, so that different dielectric combinations, which act almost identically in the lower band, can be designed for residual adjustment in the upper band. The thin layer with the dielectric constant Er2 (e.g. a horn for 2.1 to 2.3 gigahertz and 3.4 to 3.6 gigahertz a 0.1 mm thick glass fiber epoxy film with εr2 = 4.7) now works at the same time as a reflection-optimized pressure seal. The thin layer with the dielectric constant e r2 can also be applied to both ends of the layer with the dielectric constant Er1 .

Der dielektrische Körper 3,4 wird in den Stufenübergang eingeklebt. Die Änderung des Strahlungsdiagramms gegenüber dem nicht abgeglichenen Horn ist gering und kann in der Regel vernachlässigt werden. Dies ist ein großer Vorteil bei der Dimensionierung des Rillenhorns, da z. B. Änderungen der ersten Rillen zur Verbesserung der Anpassung besonders im oberen Band starke Auswirkungen auf das Strahlendiagramm haben. Wird bei der Dimensionierung des Horns eine axiale Rillenstruktur gewählt, so ermöglicht die Art der Kompensation Rillenhörner ohne Hinterschneidungen *) und komplizierte Kurven zu bauen, so daß die Produktion in einem Stück als Drehteil möglich ist.The dielectric body 3, 4 is glued into the step transition. The change in the radiation diagram compared to the unbalanced horn is small and can usually be neglected. This is a great advantage when dimensioning the grooved horn, because e.g. B. Changes in the first grooves to improve the fit, especially in the upper band, can have a major impact on the radiation pattern. If an axial groove structure is selected when dimensioning the horn, the type of compensation enables grooved horns without undercuts * ) and complicated curves to be built, so that production in one piece is possible as a turned part.

Der erfindungsgemäße Hornstrahler mit dem speziell ausgebildeten Übergangsteil dient somit in vorteilhafter Weise zum Feinabgleich des Reflexionsfaktors in zwei auseinanderliegenden Frequenzbändern in Rillenhörnern, die nach Gesichtspunkten der Strahlungsdiagrammoptimierung entworfen werden. Zugleich wird damit auch das Problem der Reflexion der Druckabdichtung in zwei Bändern gelöst. *) hinterdrehter RillenThe horn emitter according to the invention with the specially designed transition part thus advantageously serves to fine-tune the reflection factor in two spaced-apart frequency bands in grooved horns, which are designed on the basis of radiation diagram optimization. At the same time, the problem of reflection of the pressure seal in two bands is also solved. * ) grooved grooves

Claims (5)

1. Dual-band horn radiator consisting of a transition section adjoining a feeder waveguide of circular cross-section and of a horn the inner wall of which, which widens in the form of a funnel, is provided with corrugations, for two separate frequency bands, characterized in that the transition section (1) widens in accordance with a Bo - eKxn curve, where Bo = feeder waveguide diameter, x = longitudinal dimension of the horn, K = coefficient having a value of « 1, n = coefficient having a value of 2 < n < 8, in such a manner that the aperture angle at the first corrugation of the horn corresponds to 0.5 0.2 times the constant aperture angle of the horn and that the end region of the transition section (1) facing the horn (2), having the length So is wholly or partially filled over a length of So/8 to So/3 (So = length of transition section) by a dielectric (3) of a low dielectric constant (Eri) of less than 1.3, in such a manner that the mean electrically active length of the dielectric (3) in the stepped transition section satisfies the condition λHε1/2 for the upper operating frequency range, where λHε1 is the wavelength of the upper operating frequency.
2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that a part-length of the dielectric (3) of low dielectric constant is replaced by at least one thin disk (4) of a material having a higher dielectric constant (εr2) of approximately 2.5 to 4.7, to fulfil the function of a reflection-optimized pressure seal.
3. Arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that a thin disk (4) of higher dielectric constant is arranged at one or both ends of the dielectric (3) of low dielectric constant.
4. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner contour of the transition section is divided into steps with constant small diameter changes in accordance with the variation Bo - eKxn.
EP86103404A 1985-03-14 1986-03-13 Dual-band corrugated horn with a dielectric transition Expired - Lifetime EP0197350B1 (en)

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DE19853509259 DE3509259A1 (en) 1985-03-14 1985-03-14 DOUBLE BAND GROOVED HORN WITH DIELECTRIC ADJUSTMENT
DE3509259 1985-03-14

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EP0197350A1 EP0197350A1 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0197350B1 true EP0197350B1 (en) 1990-02-28

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EP0197350A1 (en) 1986-10-15

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