EP0195898A1 - A method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and photochromic composition - Google Patents
A method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and photochromic composition Download PDFInfo
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- EP0195898A1 EP0195898A1 EP86101289A EP86101289A EP0195898A1 EP 0195898 A1 EP0195898 A1 EP 0195898A1 EP 86101289 A EP86101289 A EP 86101289A EP 86101289 A EP86101289 A EP 86101289A EP 0195898 A1 EP0195898 A1 EP 0195898A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lower alkyl
- hydrogen
- photochromic
- hindered amine
- nickel
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- 0 C*(C(*)(*)CC(C1)N)C1(*)I Chemical compound C*(C(*)(*)CC(C1)N)C1(*)I 0.000 description 5
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/685—Compositions containing spiro-condensed pyran compounds or derivatives thereof, as photosensitive substances
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and a photochromic composition.
- This invention relates more particularly to an organic photochromic composition comprising spiro [indofine-2;3'-[3H] -napht [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] - (S.O.) dye and unconventional ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers.
- photochromic compounds Compounds which undergo reversible photo-induced color changes are termed photochromic compounds. When subjected to ultraviolet tight or visible irradiation, these photochromic compounds change their transmission. They subsequently revert to their original color state when they are subjected to a different wavelength of radiation or when the initial light source is removed.
- organic photochromic materials have been known for over 50 years, they have not had widespread industrial or commercial use. This is primarily due to the irreversible decomposition phenomenon, generally known as light fatigue. Repeated exposure to light causes the photochromic materials to lose their photochromism.
- One class of organic photochromic compounds spiro - [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphth [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] dyes (S.O. dyes) are known to have good light fatigue resistance. In general, the light fatigue resistance of the spirooxazine compounds is about 100 times better than the closely related spiropyrans.
- This class of photochromic compounds has been disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,562,172; 3,578.602; 4,215,010; 4,342.668; and 4,440,672.
- Acids may be in the plastic host material from which the photochromic article is made, such as PVC or cellulosics.
- the acids are usually generated either thermally during the forming process, or photochemically during use of the photochromic article.
- the S.O. dye solution becomes a pinkish to reddish color in the presence of even a minute amount of acid, and the solution ceases to show a photochromic effect.
- the pinkish to reddish color is likely due to the formation of a complex between the S.O. compound and acid.
- a base must be used to neutralize the acid and to restore the original colorless or light blue color.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,440,672 discloses the use of organonickel complex stabilizers to improve the light fatigue resistance of the photochromic compounds. However, these organonickel complexes do not have the ability to neutralize acids which may be present.
- the problems of the prior art are overcome by the discovery that a group of unconventional UV stabilizers will improve the light-fatigue resistance of S.O. dyes, while not affecting their photocolorability.
- These unconventional UV stabilizers belong to the class of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and excited state quenchers.
- Hindered amine light stabilizers offer an advantage over organometallic complex stabilizers in their ability to neutralize acid, and to thus improve the light-fatigue resistance and preserve the original color of the S.O. dyes. It is preferable to use the hindered amine light stabilizers together with excited state quenchers in the organic photochromic compound of the invention; this combination has a synergetic effect in improving the light fatigue resistance of the S.O. compounds.
- UV stabilizers will not hinder the photocolorabil- i ty of S.O. dyes, since they have a minimal absorption in the UV region where S.O. dyes absorb.
- the S.O. dye and UV stabilizers may be incorporated within optically clear plastics to make a photochromic element suitable for a photochromic sunglass lens, ski goggle, or other plastics to render them photochromic.
- the present invention improves the light fatigue resistance of an organic photochromic composition containing S.O. dye.
- the present invention further improves the light fatigue resistance of these photochromic compositions without hindering their photocolorability.
- the present invention allows to use such improved photochromic compositions to fabricate photochromic articles such as sunglasses, ophtalmic lenses, ski goggles, window coatings, toys, fabrics, and the like.
- the organic photochromic composition of the present invention comprises: a) spiro [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphth - [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] dye (spirooxazine dye), having the structural formula wherein one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy and the others are hydrogen; R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, or trifluoromethyl; and R, is lower alkyl; and, b) an unconven- tonal UV stabilizer or stabilizers.
- the UV stabilizer comprises a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS).
- HALS hindered amine light stabilizer
- the preferred hindered amine light stabilizers comprise derivatives of tetramethyl piperidine.
- the UV stabilizer comprises a combination of a hindered amine light stabilizer and an excited state quencher.
- the excited state quencher comprises an organonickel complex light stabilizer.
- the SO dye and UV stabilizers may be mixed in a solution with an optically clear polymer which is thereafter cast as a film, sheet, lens, or toy, or a polymer which is injection molded or otherwise shaped into a film or lens; or a prepolymerized film or lens containing the UV stabilizers may be immersed in a dye bath comprising S.O. dye dissolved in a solution of organic solvents such as alcohol, toluene, halogenated hydrocarbon or the like.
- Other methods of blending the UV stabilizers with the S.O. dye and polymers, such as coating or laminating may also be employed.
- the hindered amine light stabilizer is di(1,2,2,6,B-pentamethyl-4-PiPeridinyl)-bytyl(3', 5'-diterbutyi-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R s , R 6 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 R 12 R 13 R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are methyl, R 11 is butyi, and R 3 and R, are methyl, sold under the tradename of Tinuvin 144, and obtained from the Ciba-Geigy Corporation.
- Ultraviolet stabilizers belonging to the class of excited state quenchers, which are useful in the organic photochromic compound of the invention, include complexes of Ni 2+ ion with some organic ligand, cobalt (III) tris-di-n-butyi- dithiocarbamate, cobalt (II) diisopropyldithiocarbamate (Co DIPDTP), and nickel diisopropyldithiophosphate (Ni DIPDTP).
- the preferred excited state quenchers are singlet oxygen quenchers, and in particular, complexes of Ni 2+ ion with some organic ligand. These Nr 2+ complexes are normally used in polyolefins to provide protection from photo-degradation.
- the Ni 2+ complexes are: [2,2'-Thiobis [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenolato] (butylamine)] nickel, having the structural formula sold under the tradename of Cyasorb UV 1084, and obtained from the American Cyanamid Company; Nickel [0-ethyl (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)] phosphonate, having the structural formula sold under the tradename of Irgastab 2002, and obtained from the Ciba-Geigy Corporation; Nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, having the structural formula sold under the tradename of Rylex NBC, and obtained from E.I.
- the preferred S.O. dyes for use in accordance with the invention are 1,3,3,4,5-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy-spiro - [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphfh [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine; 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy-spirooxazine;
- the preferred plastic hosts are cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB); CR-39TM , a diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) obtained from PPG Industries, Inc.; LexanTM, a polycarbonate resin condensation product of bisphenol-A and phosgene, obtained from General Electric; Plexiglas TM , a polymethyl methacrylate obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company; polyvinyl chloride; and polyoleflns.
- CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
- CR-39TM a diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) obtained from PPG Industries, Inc.
- LexanTM a polycarbonate resin condensation product of bisphenol-A and phosgene, obtained from General Electric
- Plexiglas TM a polymethyl methacrylate obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company
- polyvinyl chloride polyoleflns.
- CAB samples having a thickness of 0,43-0,48 mm (17-19 mls), containing 0.4% by weight of a mixture of 1,2,3,3,4,5-and 1,2,3,3,5,6-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy S.O. isomers, with and without hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) were prepared by casting a methylene chloride solution of CAB. Four successive castings were needed to obtain the desired thickness with good optical appearance.
- the control sample contained no HALS.
- the seven other samples contained various hindered amine light stabilizers in an arbitrary amount of 0.4% by weight. The samples were subjected to a 20-hour cycle Fadeometer exposure testing.
- CAB sheet samples (1,52 mm/60mls) were made by injection molding.
- One of the CAB sheet samples had 0.2% by weight of a mixture of 1,2,3,3,4,5-and 1,2.3,3,5,6-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine isomers and 0.2% by weight of UV-Chek AM-205 as an excited state quencher.
- the other sample also had 0.2% by weight Tinuvin 622 as a hindered amine light stabilizer in addition to the S.O. dye and the UV-Chek AM-205.
- the sample without the HALS lost all of its photochromism after 15 20-hour Fadeometer exposure cycles. However, the sample with the HALS still had 40% of the original photocolorability left.
- a control sample was cast at 160° in an oven for 20 minutes from a plastisol solution consisting of 31% diisodecylphthalate, 3% cetyl epoxy tallate, 3% mark stabilizer, 63% PVC and 0.1% 1,3,3,4,5-and 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy S.O. dye mixture.
- Two more samples were prepared as follows: One sample had, in addition to the ingredients in the control sample, 0.2% by weight UV-Chek AM-205, and the other sample had 0.2% by weight UV-Chek AM-205 and 1.0% by weight Tinuvin 622.
- control sample lost all of its photochromic effect after 20 hours of Fadeometer exposure; the sample with UV-Chek AM-205 lasted 80 hours before losing its photochromic effect, and the sample with both UV-Chek AM-205 and Tinuvin 622 lasted 180 hours before losing its photochromic effect
- An ethanol solution of 1,3,3-trimethyl S.O. dye was prepared by dissolving 13. 1 mg of dye in 100.0 ml of ethanol. Two milliters of the solution was placed in each of five 10.0 ml volumetric flasks. Then, 0.01 ml of 1 N HCI was added to each flask and each solution was diluted with ethanol to 10.0 ml. Each solution was originally colorless but became pinkish and lost its photochromic effect once the HCI was added. To four of the solutions was added about 3 mg of either Tinuvin 770, Tinuvin 765, Cyasorb 1084 or UV-Chek AM-205. The solutions containing the Tinuvin and Cyasorb compounds reverted to colorless solutions and regained their photochromic effect, while the other solutions remained pinkish and showed no photochromic effect
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and a photochromic composition. This invention relates more particularly to an organic photochromic composition comprising spiro [indofine-2;3'-[3H] -napht [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] - (S.O.) dye and unconventional ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers.
- Compounds which undergo reversible photo-induced color changes are termed photochromic compounds. When subjected to ultraviolet tight or visible irradiation, these photochromic compounds change their transmission. They subsequently revert to their original color state when they are subjected to a different wavelength of radiation or when the initial light source is removed.
- Although the organic photochromic materials have been known for over 50 years, they have not had widespread industrial or commercial use. This is primarily due to the irreversible decomposition phenomenon, generally known as light fatigue. Repeated exposure to light causes the photochromic materials to lose their photochromism.
- It is thought that right or heat or both light and heat are responsible for the photodecomposition of organic photochromic compounds. Thus, many people have tried to increase the light fatigue resistance of the compounds by adding numerous conventional antioxidants or ultraviolet light absorbers. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,212,898 teaches the use of conventional UV absorbers such as benzophenone and benzotriazole to increase the photochromic life of photochromic benzospiropyran compounds. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 3,666,352 teaches the use of conventional UV light absorbers in photochromic mercury thiocarbazonate lenses, transparent to radiation of wavelengths greater than 420 nm and opaque to radiation of wavelengths less than 420 nm in order to substantially increase the durability of the lenses against photochemical degradation.
- One class of organic photochromic compounds, spiro - [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphth [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] dyes (S.O. dyes) are known to have good light fatigue resistance. In general, the light fatigue resistance of the spirooxazine compounds is about 100 times better than the closely related spiropyrans. This class of photochromic compounds has been disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,562,172; 3,578.602; 4,215,010; 4,342.668; and 4,440,672.
- The precise mechanism for photodecomposition of S.O. dyes is not yet fully understood. Although some circumstantial evidence indicates that oxygen is involved in the photodecomposition process, the traditional antioxidants - (aryl amines and hindered phenols) do not improve the light fatigue resistance of S.O. dyes. The conventional UV stabilizers, substituted benzophenones and benzotriazoles, cause a small improvement in the light fatigue resistance of S.O. dyes, but they cannot be used effectively since they create a screening effect by absorbing UV radiation strongly in the region where the S.O. dyes absorb UV radiation. By competing with the S.O. dyes to absorb UV light these conventional stabilizers substantially decrease the effective light intensity for S.O. dye activation. Furthermore, some of the conventional UV stabilizers are detrimental to S.O. dyes under certain conditions.
- In addition, the presence of acids has a deleterious effect on S.O. compounds. Acids may be in the plastic host material from which the photochromic article is made, such as PVC or cellulosics. The acids are usually generated either thermally during the forming process, or photochemically during use of the photochromic article. The S.O. dye solution becomes a pinkish to reddish color in the presence of even a minute amount of acid, and the solution ceases to show a photochromic effect. The pinkish to reddish color is likely due to the formation of a complex between the S.O. compound and acid. A base must be used to neutralize the acid and to restore the original colorless or light blue color.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,440,672 discloses the use of organonickel complex stabilizers to improve the light fatigue resistance of the photochromic compounds. However, these organonickel complexes do not have the ability to neutralize acids which may be present.
- It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of photochromic compositions. This object is solved by the method according to claim 1. Further advantageous features are evident from the subclaims.
- It is a further object of this invention to provide a photochromic composition resistant to fatigue. This object is solved by the photochromic composition according to claim 11. Further advantageous features of this composition are evident from the subclaims.
- The problems of the prior art are overcome by the discovery that a group of unconventional UV stabilizers will improve the light-fatigue resistance of S.O. dyes, while not affecting their photocolorability. These unconventional UV stabilizers belong to the class of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and excited state quenchers. Hindered amine light stabilizers offer an advantage over organometallic complex stabilizers in their ability to neutralize acid, and to thus improve the light-fatigue resistance and preserve the original color of the S.O. dyes. It is preferable to use the hindered amine light stabilizers together with excited state quenchers in the organic photochromic compound of the invention; this combination has a synergetic effect in improving the light fatigue resistance of the S.O. compounds.
- These UV stabilizers will not hinder the photocolorabil- ity of S.O. dyes, since they have a minimal absorption in the UV region where S.O. dyes absorb. The S.O. dye and UV stabilizers may be incorporated within optically clear plastics to make a photochromic element suitable for a photochromic sunglass lens, ski goggle, or other plastics to render them photochromic.
- Accordingly, the present invention improves the light fatigue resistance of an organic photochromic composition containing S.O. dye.
- The present invention further improves the light fatigue resistance of these photochromic compositions without hindering their photocolorability.
- Besides this, the present invention allows to use such improved photochromic compositions to fabricate photochromic articles such as sunglasses, ophtalmic lenses, ski goggles, window coatings, toys, fabrics, and the like.
- Other objects and further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description to follow.
- In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described.
- The organic photochromic composition of the present invention comprises: a) spiro [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphth - [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine] dye (spirooxazine dye), having the structural formula
- Between 0.1 and about 15% by weight of the S.O. dye and between 0.01 and about 5% by weight of the HALS stabilizer or combined UV stabilizers, depending on their solubility, can be incorporated into a plastic article having enhanced light fatigue resistance. The SO dye and UV stabilizers may be mixed in a solution with an optically clear polymer which is thereafter cast as a film, sheet, lens, or toy, or a polymer which is injection molded or otherwise shaped into a film or lens; or a prepolymerized film or lens containing the UV stabilizers may be immersed in a dye bath comprising S.O. dye dissolved in a solution of organic solvents such as alcohol, toluene, halogenated hydrocarbon or the like. Other methods of blending the UV stabilizers with the S.O. dye and polymers, such as coating or laminating may also be employed.
- One hindered amine light stabilizer, useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention, comprises the structural formula
- Another hindered amine light stabilizer which is useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention comprises the structural formula
- Another hindered amine light stabilizer which is useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention comprises the structural formula
- Another hindered amine light stabilizer which is useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention comprises the structural formula
- Another hindered amine light stabilizer which is useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention comprises the structural formula
- Other hindered amine light stabilizers which are useful in the organic photochromic composition of the invention include a hindered amine right stabilizer having the structural formula (C25H52N4)n, wherein n =1-15, sold under the tradename of Spinuvex A-36, and obtained from the Borg-Wamer Corporation; and a hindered amine light stabilizer sold under the tradename of Hostavin TMN20, and obtained from the American Hoechst Corporation.
- Ultraviolet stabilizers, belonging to the class of excited state quenchers, which are useful in the organic photochromic compound of the invention, include complexes of Ni2+ ion with some organic ligand, cobalt (III) tris-di-n-butyi- dithiocarbamate, cobalt (II) diisopropyldithiocarbamate (Co DIPDTP), and nickel diisopropyldithiophosphate (Ni DIPDTP).
- The preferred excited state quenchers are singlet oxygen quenchers, and in particular, complexes of Ni2+ ion with some organic ligand. These Nr2+ complexes are normally used in polyolefins to provide protection from photo-degradation. Most preferably, the Ni2+ complexes are: [2,2'-Thiobis [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenolato] (butylamine)] nickel, having the structural formula
- The preferred S.O. dyes for use in accordance with the invention are 1,3,3,4,5-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy-spiro - [indoline-2,3'-[3H]-naphfh [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine; 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy-spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3-trimethyl-5'-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3,4,5-Pentamethyl-8'-bromo spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-8'-brorrm spirooxazine;
- 1,2,3,3,4,5-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,2,3,3,5,6-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3-trimethyi-4-trifluoromethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-trifluoromethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine;
- 1,3,3-trimethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-5'-methoxy spirooxazine; and 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-trifluoromethyl-5'-methoxy spirooxazine.
- The preferred plastic hosts are cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB); CR-39™ , a diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) obtained from PPG Industries, Inc.; Lexan™, a polycarbonate resin condensation product of bisphenol-A and phosgene, obtained from General Electric; Plexiglas TM, a polymethyl methacrylate obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company; polyvinyl chloride; and polyoleflns.
- The invention is further illustrated by the following nonlimiting examples.
- Eight cellulose acetate butarate (CAB) samples having a thickness of 0,43-0,48 mm (17-19 mls), containing 0.4% by weight of a mixture of 1,2,3,3,4,5-and 1,2,3,3,5,6-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy S.O. isomers, with and without hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) were prepared by casting a methylene chloride solution of CAB. Four successive castings were needed to obtain the desired thickness with good optical appearance. The control sample contained no HALS. The seven other samples contained various hindered amine light stabilizers in an arbitrary amount of 0.4% by weight. The samples were subjected to a 20-hour cycle Fadeometer exposure testing. After five cycles, the control sample without HALS lost all its photochromism while the samples with HALS still showed good photochromism. The specific HALS used and the percentage of residual photocolorability of the CAB samples after 100 hours of Fadeometer exposure is shown in Table 1.
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- Two CAB sheet samples (1,52 mm/60mls) were made by injection molding. One of the CAB sheet samples had 0.2% by weight of a mixture of 1,2,3,3,4,5-and 1,2.3,3,5,6-hexamethyl-9'-methoxy spirooxazine isomers and 0.2% by weight of UV-Chek AM-205 as an excited state quencher. The other sample also had 0.2% by weight Tinuvin 622 as a hindered amine light stabilizer in addition to the S.O. dye and the UV-Chek AM-205. The sample without the HALS lost all of its photochromism after 15 20-hour Fadeometer exposure cycles. However, the sample with the HALS still had 40% of the original photocolorability left.
- A control sample was cast at 160° in an oven for 20 minutes from a plastisol solution consisting of 31% diisodecylphthalate, 3% cetyl epoxy tallate, 3% mark stabilizer, 63% PVC and 0.1% 1,3,3,4,5-and 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9'-methoxy S.O. dye mixture. Two more samples were prepared as follows: One sample had, in addition to the ingredients in the control sample, 0.2% by weight UV-Chek AM-205, and the other sample had 0.2% by weight UV-Chek AM-205 and 1.0% by weight Tinuvin 622. The control sample lost all of its photochromic effect after 20 hours of Fadeometer exposure; the sample with UV-Chek AM-205 lasted 80 hours before losing its photochromic effect, and the sample with both UV-Chek AM-205 and Tinuvin 622 lasted 180 hours before losing its photochromic effect
- An ethanol solution of 1,3,3-trimethyl S.O. dye was prepared by dissolving 13.1 mg of dye in 100.0 ml of ethanol. Two milliters of the solution was placed in each of five 10.0 ml volumetric flasks. Then, 0.01 ml of 1 N HCI was added to each flask and each solution was diluted with ethanol to 10.0 ml. Each solution was originally colorless but became pinkish and lost its photochromic effect once the HCI was added. To four of the solutions was added about 3 mg of either Tinuvin 770, Tinuvin 765, Cyasorb 1084 or UV-Chek AM-205. The solutions containing the Tinuvin and Cyasorb compounds reverted to colorless solutions and regained their photochromic effect, while the other solutions remained pinkish and showed no photochromic effect
- Although the invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiment, other embodiments can achieve the same resufts. Variations and modfications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents.
Claims (31)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT86101289T ATE38391T1 (en) | 1985-01-31 | 1986-01-31 | METHOD OF IMPROVING THE LIGHT FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF A PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOSITION AND PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOSITION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US696452 | 1976-06-15 | ||
US69645285A | 1985-01-31 | 1985-01-31 |
Publications (2)
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EP0195898A1 true EP0195898A1 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
EP0195898B1 EP0195898B1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
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EP86101289A Expired EP0195898B1 (en) | 1985-01-31 | 1986-01-31 | A method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and photochromic composition |
Country Status (6)
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EP (1) | EP0195898B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS61241383A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE38391T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8600381A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1268034A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3661076D1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
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EP0277639A2 (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-08-10 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Photochromic compound |
EP0313941A1 (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-05-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Photocromic material |
EP0316980A1 (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-05-24 | ENICHEM SYNTHESIS S.p.A. | Photochromatic composition and photochromatic articles which contain it |
EP0346484A1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-12-20 | Japan Capsular Products, Inc. | Microencapsulated photochromic material, process for its preparation, and water-base ink composition prepared therefrom |
EP0350009A1 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-01-10 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Photochromic compound and photochromic composition |
WO1990006539A1 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-14 | Traqson Limited | Security marking |
EP0382294A1 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-16 | GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL ITALIA S.r.l. | Photochromic composition endowed with light fatigue resistance and photochromic articles which contain it |
EP0467552A1 (en) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-01-22 | LINTEC Corporation | Photochromic compositions |
US5180524A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1993-01-19 | Enichem Synthesis S.P.A. | Photochromatic composition and photochromatic articles which contain it |
US5225113A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1993-07-06 | Enichem Synthesis S.P.A. | Photochromatic composition endowed with light fatigue resistance and photochromatic articles which contain it |
EP0612816A1 (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-08-31 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Stabilisation of pyrrolopyrrole pigments |
EP0612796A1 (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-08-31 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Stabilisation of organic pigments |
WO2008043853A2 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Opco Gmbh | Photochromic film |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2755444B2 (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1998-05-20 | 株式会社トクヤマ | Chromen composition |
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DD156372A1 (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-18 | Manfred Reichenbaecher | PHOTOCHROME MEDIA USING 1,4-2H-OXAZINES AND SPIROPHENANTHRO-1,4-2H-OXAZINES |
GB2117390A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-10-12 | American Optical Corp | Photochromic composition resistant to light fatigue |
-
1986
- 1986-01-21 CA CA000499989A patent/CA1268034A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-30 BR BR8600381A patent/BR8600381A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-31 DE DE8686101289T patent/DE3661076D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-31 AT AT86101289T patent/ATE38391T1/en active
- 1986-01-31 JP JP61020026A patent/JPS61241383A/en active Granted
- 1986-01-31 EP EP86101289A patent/EP0195898B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD156372A1 (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-18 | Manfred Reichenbaecher | PHOTOCHROME MEDIA USING 1,4-2H-OXAZINES AND SPIROPHENANTHRO-1,4-2H-OXAZINES |
GB2117390A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-10-12 | American Optical Corp | Photochromic composition resistant to light fatigue |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
MODERN PLASTICS ENCYCLOPEDIA, 1983-1984, 5, Bristol LI, S.S. "Ultraviolet Stabilizers" pages 174-177 page 174, left column, lines 1-17 - middle column, line 35 - right column,line 22 * |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0277639A2 (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-08-10 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Photochromic compound |
EP0277639A3 (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1990-06-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Photochromic compound |
EP0313941A1 (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-05-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Photocromic material |
EP0316980A1 (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-05-24 | ENICHEM SYNTHESIS S.p.A. | Photochromatic composition and photochromatic articles which contain it |
US5180524A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1993-01-19 | Enichem Synthesis S.P.A. | Photochromatic composition and photochromatic articles which contain it |
EP0346484A4 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1990-09-05 | Japan Capsular Products, Inc. | Microencapsulated photochromic material, process for its preparation, and water-base ink composition prepared therefrom |
EP0346484A1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-12-20 | Japan Capsular Products, Inc. | Microencapsulated photochromic material, process for its preparation, and water-base ink composition prepared therefrom |
EP0350009A1 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-01-10 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Photochromic compound and photochromic composition |
WO1990006539A1 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-14 | Traqson Limited | Security marking |
EP0382294A1 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-16 | GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL ITALIA S.r.l. | Photochromic composition endowed with light fatigue resistance and photochromic articles which contain it |
US5225113A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1993-07-06 | Enichem Synthesis S.P.A. | Photochromatic composition endowed with light fatigue resistance and photochromatic articles which contain it |
EP0467552A1 (en) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-01-22 | LINTEC Corporation | Photochromic compositions |
US5266447A (en) * | 1990-07-04 | 1993-11-30 | Lintec Corporation | Photochromic composition |
EP0612816A1 (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-08-31 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Stabilisation of pyrrolopyrrole pigments |
EP0612796A1 (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-08-31 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Stabilisation of organic pigments |
WO2008043853A2 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Opco Gmbh | Photochromic film |
WO2008043853A3 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-05-29 | Opco Gmbh | Photochromic film |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0343315B2 (en) | 1991-07-02 |
JPS61241383A (en) | 1986-10-27 |
EP0195898B1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
ATE38391T1 (en) | 1988-11-15 |
DE3661076D1 (en) | 1988-12-08 |
CA1268034A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
BR8600381A (en) | 1986-10-14 |
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