EP0195573B1 - Signalgenerator mit gespreitztem Spektrum - Google Patents

Signalgenerator mit gespreitztem Spektrum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0195573B1
EP0195573B1 EP86301690A EP86301690A EP0195573B1 EP 0195573 B1 EP0195573 B1 EP 0195573B1 EP 86301690 A EP86301690 A EP 86301690A EP 86301690 A EP86301690 A EP 86301690A EP 0195573 B1 EP0195573 B1 EP 0195573B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
waveforms
signals
signal
waveform
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86301690A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0195573A2 (de
EP0195573A3 (en
Inventor
Ian David Kimber
Nicholas Andrew Young
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QED Intellectual Property Ltd
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Thorn EMI Patents Ltd
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Publication of EP0195573A3 publication Critical patent/EP0195573A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7136—Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7136—Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform
    • H04B2001/71362—Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform using a bank of frequency sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a limited-bandwidth signal generator especially, but not solely for use in a transmission system, and to a method of producing a limited-bandwidth signal.
  • a typical domestic mainsborne system utilizes spread-spectrum signalling over a range between 20 and 200 KHz.
  • Each electrical appliance which is controllable by the mainsborne system, has an interface unit capable of producing spread-spectrum signals over a broad bandwidth for subsequent filtering in order to fit into the required range of 20 to 200 KHz.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,777,277 shows a frequency sweep generator for generating a repetitive series of discrete step frequency outputs.
  • the generator includes a number of oscillations each effective to produce an analogue signal of a different frequency.
  • Sampling gates are provided which sample the output of each oscillator in turn, and feed the outputs to a common output terminal.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,772,681 shows a frequency synthesiser which produces a predetermined waveform signal by selecting the digital values of incremental points on the waveform from a digital storage memory.
  • the present invention provides a signal generator for producing a spread-spectrum bandwidth signal ranged between specified frequencies, the generator having:
  • the combination means assembles the quantised sampling values attributed to the waveforms in order to ascending frequency of waveform.
  • the values could be assembled in descending frequency of waveform, or in random manner independent of frequency, or in any suitable combination of these modes.
  • the generator includes means to ensure phase continuity between quantised sampling values of separate waveforms upon joining at the combination means.
  • This may incorporate, for example, storage means for holding sequences of values for the waveforms (or sequences of waveform portions themselves), whereby all the sequences have a common starting-point in phase; thus, by ensuring that, in the combination operation, all the sequences terminate at that same phase position, then phase-continuity will be achieved.
  • the waveform-production means is arranged to produce signal waveforms having a frequency distribution arranged to exclude waveforms at or closely adjacent one or more frequencies associated with common forms of interference.
  • closely adjacent there is meant that all the waveforms from the production means are sufficiently spaced from the frequency or frequencies associated with interference such that there is substantially no combination (or overlap) of waveforms at the interference frequency or frequencies. In this way, the effect of any such interference signals on the generated spectrum is minimised.
  • One such potential source of interference whose effect is preferably avoided is the television line timebase signal which has a fundamental frequency of 15.625 KHz.
  • the waveform-production means has a frequency distribution arranged such that, in the resultant spectrum, one waveform has a first lower sideband lying over the main lobe of the adjacent waveforms.
  • the distance from one band to the next is considerably increased, thereby removing the sidelobes produced in the frequency domain being reflections of the main lobe about each harmonic of the clock frequency.
  • the clock frequency must be substantially double the centre frequency of the specified range.
  • the combination means incorporates a sample-and-hold device to achieve appropriate assembly of the waveforms.
  • the output of the signal generator is used in the programming of a solid-state device incorporating data storage, whereby the device is suited for use as a spread-spectrum signal source in an appliance unit for transmission and/or reception of any signals containing a message from a mainsborne system.
  • the present invention also provides a method of producing a spread-spectrum bandwidth signal ranged between specified frequencies, the method including:
  • the illustrated signal generator described hereafter is designed to produce a spread-spectrum bandwidth signal substantially contained within the frequency range 40 to 90 KHz.
  • Signals derived from this generator are to be used in a domestic mainsborne signalling system; a signal is formed of data "1" and data "0" bits, each bit comprising a sequence of 1024 components (hereafter called chips) which can take only the values 0 and 1, so that accordingly a sequence has a rectangular waveform.
  • the data rate is 200 Hz and the chip clock frequency is 204.8 KHz.
  • the spread-spectrum generator (referenced generally as 1) has sixteen individual sinusoidal generators (only 2, 3 and 4 being shown) whose respective frequencies are equi-spaced across the spread-spectrum range; thus generator 2 has an output frequency of 41.56 KHz, generator 3 one of 44.68 KHz, and generator 4 one of 88.44 KHz.
  • generator 2 the signal output therefrom passes to a sampler 5 which operates at a clock frequency of 204.8 KHz to derive 64 samples which then proceed to a quantiser 6 which quantises them to one amplitude level (i.e. "0" or "1").
  • the resultant string of chips then pass through a phase sorter 7 (whose operation will be described below) and are subsequently held in store 8.
  • the signals output from the other fifteen sinusoidal generators are likewise processed into strings of chips which are accordingly held in store.
  • a selector switch 9 is operated in order to output the strings of chips from stores 8 in a predetermined order: for example the strings may be output in an ascending-frequency order (i.e. starting with the string from generator 2, continuing with that from generator 3 and ending with that from generator 4) or in a descending- frequency order (i.e. starting with the string from generator 4 and ending with that from generator-2), or in a random order without relation to the frequency.
  • the strings of chips are combined in a sample-and-hold circuit 10 and then stored therein. Once the switch 9 has received a string of chips from each store 8, there are a total of 1024 chips at the sample-and-hold circuit 10, sufficient for a complete data bit.
  • phase sorters 7 ensure that the assembly of the separate strings occurs with substantially no phase discontinuities at the interfaces between strings.
  • the sample-and-hold circuit 10 is clocked at 1638 KHz to output the assembled strings of chips to a store 11 in preparation for digital filtering.
  • the data is passed through a fast Fourier Transform convertor 12 to convert it from the time domain to the frequency domain, then a sharp digital filter 13 is used to remove any frequencies in the data outside the specified range.
  • the resultant signal is then converted back to the time domain by an inverse transform convertor 14 for subsequent storage in store 15.
  • the data is then passed to a resampler and quantiser circuit 16, which resamples the data at a clock frequency of 819 KHz in order to ensure that the side lobes of the data are sufficiently separated from the main portion to enable them to be removed by a simple analogue filter.
  • Circuit 16 also quantises the data to a number of additional levels (for example, with six bits to 64 levels), so that the chip strings no longer consist of just chips but rather form 6-bit words.
  • the signal which reaches catalogue store 17 is a spread-spectrum signal substantially restricted to the frequency range of 40 to 90 KHz and formed of a particular arrangement of six-bit words, each representing a data bit (either "0" or "1") for one communication channel produced by ascending-frequency selection.
  • the catalogue store 17 holds a record of all the data bits for the channels, so that the output from this store 17 can be used to programme an EPROM 30 in a mainsborne interface unit 31 which is connected between a domestic electrical appliance 32 and the electrical mains circuit 33 of the dwelling (see Figure 2).
  • the EPROM 30 acts as a source of a sufficient number of spread-spectrum signals for a communication channel for use in mainsborne signalling.
  • the interface unit 31 has a central control 34 which regulates all the necessary operations, for example the transmission of any signals (e.g. relating to the appliance-status or instruction- completion) into the mainsborne system or the reception of any signals (e.g. relating to status- interrogation or instruction-issuing) from the mainsborne system.
  • any signals e.g. relating to the appliance-status or instruction- completion
  • reception of any signals e.g. relating to status- interrogation or instruction-issuing
  • unit central control 34 instructs EPROM 30 so as to output the appropriate series of data bits of one communication channel, these then passing through a digital-to-analogue convertor 35 to a power amplifier 36.
  • the resultant message is coupled onto the mains circuit 33 via a switch 37, a capacitor 38 and transformer 39.
  • switch 37 is set to the position allowing signals on the mains circuit 33 to enter interface unit 31 via transformer 39 and pass to a mains interference filter 40. Any signals which emerge from filter 40 pass to a comparator 4, which hard-clips the signal to transform it into binary data which proceeds to a correlator 42 which analyses any signals it receives with reference signals for the communication channels provided by EPROM 30 in order to establish any correspondence or similarity enabling decoding of the received signal.
  • the correlator 42 When interface unit 31 is in a search mode (i.e. when it is not receiving recognisable data nor transmitting any data), the correlator 42 is continually searching for that position of the reference sequence, either data "0" or data "1", which gives the highest correlation value against the incoming signal. It compiles a "search table” of the ten best positions and then tries them in turn to see if any pass the tracking tests.
  • the frequency output of one or more of the sixteen sinusoidal generators is or are adjusted in order to avoid fundamental or harmonic frequencies associated with commonly-known interference signals (e.g. the television line timebase of 15.625 KHz).
  • commonly-known interference signals e.g. the television line timebase of 15.625 KHz.
  • the sixteen individual sinusoidal generators are replaced by a single voltage-controlled oscillator whose control voltage is derived from a microprocessor via a digital-to-analogue convertor or from a ramp generator or from a staircase generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Generator zur Erzeugung eines Signals mit gespreiztem Spektrum mit einer Bandbreite in einem Bereich zwischen vorgegebenen Frequenzen, wobei der Generator gekennzeichnet ist durch:
Mittel (2-4) zur Erzeugung einer Anzahl von Signalwellenformen mit einer einzelnen Frequenz, wobei jede Wellenform eine charakteristische Frequenz innerhalb des Bereiches von vorgegebenen Frequenzen hat;
Mittel (5), um jede der Signalwellenformen mit einer einzelnen Frequenz mit einer Abtastrate abzutasten, die die Frequenz dieser Wellenform überschreitet;
Mittel (6), um die Abtastwerte jeder Wellenform zwischen zwei oder mehr Pegeln zu quantisieren;
Mittel (7-11), um die quantisierten Abtastwerte für eine Vielzahl von Wellenformen in einer vorbestimmten Weise zu kombinieren;
Mittel (13-16), um aus dem Ausgang der Kombinierungsmittel diejenigen Frequenzen auszufilfern, die außerhalb des vorgegebenen Bereiches liegen; und
Mittel (17), um digitale Signale zu speichern, die ein Maß für die Signale vom Ausgang der Ausfilterungsmittel sind, um eine Quelle von Signalen mit gespreiztem Spektrum innerhalb des Bereiches der vorgegebenen Frequenzen vorzusehen.
2. Signalgenerator nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (7), um eine Phasenkontinuität zwischen quantisierten Abtastwerten von getrennten Wellenformen bei der Vereinigung bei den Kombinationsmitteln sicherzustellen.
3. Signalgenerator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellenform-Erzeugungsmittel (2-4) so ausgebildet sind, daß sie Signalwellenformen mit einer solchen Frequenzverteilung erzeugen, daß Wellenformen ausgeschlossen werden, die bei oder nahe bei einer oder mehreren Frequenzen liegen, die mit gemeinsamen Formen von Störungen verbunden sind.
4. Signalgenerator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellenform-Erzeugungsmittel (2-4) eine solche Frequenzverteilung haben, daß in dem resultierenden Spektrum eine Wellenform ein erstes unteres Seitenband aufweist, das oberhalb der Hauptkeule der benachbarten Wellenformen liegt.
5. Signalgenerator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kombinationsmittel (7-11) eine Abtast- und Haltevorrichtung (10) aufweisen, um eine zweckmäßige Gruppe von Wellenformen zu erzielen.
6. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Signals mit gespreiztem Spektrum mit einer Bandbreite in einem Bereich zwischen vorgegebenen Frequenzen, wobei das Verfahren gekennzeichnet ist durch:
Erzeugen einer Anzahl von Signalwellenformen mit einer einzelnen Frequenz, wobei jede Wellenform eine charakteristische Frequenz innerhalb des Bereichs von vorgegebenen Frequenzen hat;
Abtasten jeder der Signalwellenformen mit einer Abtastrate, die die Frequenz dieser Wellenform überschreitet;
Quantisieren der Abtastwerte jeder Wellenform zwischen zwei oder mehr Pegeln;
Kombinieren der quantisierten Abtastwerte für eine Vielzahl der Wellenformen in einer vorbestimmten Weise;
Ausfiltern derjenigen Frequenzen aus dem Ausgang des Kombinationsschrittes, die außerhalb des vorgegebenen Bereiches liegen; und
Speicherung digitaler Signale, die ein Maß für Signale vom Ausgang des Ausfilterungsschrittes sind, um eine Quelle von Signalen mit gespreiztem Spektrum innerhalb des Bereiches der vorgegebenen Frequenzen vorzusehen.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Phasenkontinuität zwischen quantisierten Abtastwerten von getrennten Wellenformen bei dem Kombinationsschritt vorgesehen wird.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, bei dem eine Anzahl von Signalwellenformen mit einer einzelnen Frequenz erzeugt wird, wobei jene Wellenformen ausgeschlossen werden, die bei oder nahe bei Frequenzen liegen, die mit gemeinsamen Formen von Störungen verbunden sind.
9. Verwendungseinheit (31) für die Aussendung und/oder den Empfang von eine Nachricht von einem stromnetzgestützten System enthaltenden Signalen, wobei die Einheit gekennzeichnet ist durch eine Quelle für ein Signal mit gespreiztem Spektrum, die eine mit Signalen programmierte Festkörper-Speichervorrichtung (30) umfaßt, wobei Signale von einem Signalgenerator durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8 abgeleitet werden.
EP86301690A 1985-03-15 1986-03-10 Signalgenerator mit gespreitztem Spektrum Expired - Lifetime EP0195573B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8506811 1985-03-15
GB8506811 1985-03-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0195573A2 EP0195573A2 (de) 1986-09-24
EP0195573A3 EP0195573A3 (en) 1988-06-29
EP0195573B1 true EP0195573B1 (de) 1990-10-24

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EP86301690A Expired - Lifetime EP0195573B1 (de) 1985-03-15 1986-03-10 Signalgenerator mit gespreitztem Spektrum

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US (1) US4914674A (de)
EP (1) EP0195573B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1261009A (de)
DE (1) DE3675044D1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006043411A1 (de) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-27 Innovationszentrum für Telekommunikationstechnik GmbH IZT Konzept zur realistischen Simulation eines Frequenzspektrums

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US5377223A (en) * 1993-08-30 1994-12-27 Interdigital Technology Corporation Notch filtering a spread spectrum signal using fourier series coefficients
US5659587A (en) * 1994-11-23 1997-08-19 Tektronix, Inc. Spread spectrum phase-locked loop clock generator with VCO driven by a symmetrical voltage ramp signal
US5737356A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-04-07 General Electric Company Spectral spreading apparatus for reducing electromagnetic radiation from a transmission line used for high data rate communication in a computerized tomography system
US6643317B1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2003-11-04 Electronics For Imaging, Inc. Digital spread spectrum circuit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006043411A1 (de) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-27 Innovationszentrum für Telekommunikationstechnik GmbH IZT Konzept zur realistischen Simulation eines Frequenzspektrums
DE102006043411B4 (de) * 2006-09-15 2009-11-12 Innovationszentrum für Telekommunikationstechnik GmbH IZT Konzept zur realistischen Simulation eines Frequenzspektrums
US8549060B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2013-10-01 Innovationszentrum Fuer Telekommunikationstechnik Gmbh Izt Concept for realistic simulation of a frequency spectrum

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1261009A (en) 1989-09-26
EP0195573A2 (de) 1986-09-24
US4914674A (en) 1990-04-03
DE3675044D1 (de) 1990-11-29
EP0195573A3 (en) 1988-06-29

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