EP0189053A1 - Method for applying solder - Google Patents
Method for applying solder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0189053A1 EP0189053A1 EP86100175A EP86100175A EP0189053A1 EP 0189053 A1 EP0189053 A1 EP 0189053A1 EP 86100175 A EP86100175 A EP 86100175A EP 86100175 A EP86100175 A EP 86100175A EP 0189053 A1 EP0189053 A1 EP 0189053A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solder
- flame
- fuel
- oxygen
- workpiece surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for applying solder to a workpiece surface by means of flame spraying, the solder being melted by a fuel-oxygen flame and atomized with the aid of a propellant gas and applied to the workpiece surface.
- the surfaces of the workpieces can be coated with solder, brought into contact with one another and heated to the melting temperature of the solder in order to achieve a metallic bond.
- the solder is fed, for example in wire form, to a flame spray gun and passed axially through the acetylene-oxygen flame.
- the molten solder is then caught by a jet of compressed air, atomized and thrown onto the prepared workpiece surface, on which the atomized solder forms a coherent layer and adheres to the workpiece surface.
- solder layers that have been produced in this way often do not have the desired quality.
- Analysis of a solder layer applied to a workpiece surface by flame spraying shows that its composition differs from that of the solder prior to flame spraying, i.e. differs from the composition of the solid solder.
- some of the alloy elements are missing from the applied solder layer - in particular alloy elements with low melting temperatures.
- the solder layer applied to the workpiece surface is oxidized. As a result of this change in the solder, the strength of soldered connections, which are produced according to the described method, drops.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method of the type described at the outset, in which the composition of a solder layer which was applied to a workpiece surface by flame spraying differs as little as possible from that of the corresponding solid solder.
- This object is achieved in that an inert gas is used as the propellant gas and a fuel-oxygen ratio is set in which the fuel fraction is greater than the fuel fraction required for a neutral flame setting.
- an inert gas is used as the propellant gas jet and a specific ratio of the amount of fuel to the amount of oxygen is set. It was found that the composition of the solder layer sprayed on by the process according to the invention differs only slightly from that of the corresponding solid solder. This effect may be due to the fact that the use of an inert propellant and by setting a reducing flame, burn-off of alloy elements and oxidation of the molten solder can be prevented.
- soldered connection between a part soldered onto this workpiece surface and the workpiece has good strength.
- the prerequisite for this is that the solder has been applied in a sufficient layer thickness.
- the melting temperature of the solders is not increased by the flame spraying process according to the invention. Overall, this process results in solder layers with very good soldering properties. This method is particularly advantageous if large-area, complex-shaped components have to be charged with solder before soldering.
- the inert atomizing gas is brought up to the molten solder on all sides, ie after the solder has passed through the fuel-oxygen flame.
- the inert gas also has the function of forming a protective gas jacket around the molten and atomized solder.
- the inert gas and the fuel-oxygen ratio according to the invention thus create conditions under which the interaction of the molten solder with oxygen is minimal.
- any gas that is inert to the molten solder can be considered as an inert gas.
- gases are, for example, the noble gases.
- argon or helium are therefore used as the propellant. Because of its low cost, its availability and its inert properties, the use of nitrogen as a propellant has also proven particularly useful. According to the invention, nitrogen is therefore preferably used as the propellant gas.
- acetylene is advantageously used as fuel. It is advantageous if, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an acetylene-oxygen mixture is used in which the ratio of the amount of acetylene to the amount of oxygen (Nm ') is between 1: 0.8 and 1: 1.15.
- a mixing ratio of 1: 0.9 is set.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for applying all types of solder materials.
- the burn-off of alloy elements with low melting points is effectively suppressed by the method according to the invention, the application of the method according to the invention to solders containing such alloy elements is particularly advantageous.
- this surface is expediently subjected to a pretreatment.
- the surface is prepared by blasting. Glass, for example, can be used as the abrasive.
- the workpiece surface is roughened by blasting. In this way, a metallically pure, fissured and larger surface compared to the untreated workpiece is created and thus optimal conditions for the effectiveness of the adhesive mechanism between surface and solder layer are created.
- a wire-shaped hard solder (diameter 3 mm) is placed in a flame spray gun in the central channel inserted and with a wire feed speed of approx. 0.55 m / min. promoted.
- An acetylene-oxygen mixture is introduced and burned in a channel of the flame spray gun which surrounds the central channel in a ring shape (mixture ratio of amount of acetylene to amount of oxygen approx. 1: 0.9).
- the acetylene-oxygen flame surrounding the solder melts the solder.
- the molten solder is atomized by the propellant. Nitrogen is used as the propellant gas, which is conducted in a channel coaxial with the acetylene-oxygen channel.
- the nitrogen forms a closed annular propellant jacket around the acetylene-oxygen flame and the molten solder. Protected by the nitrogen jacket, the atomized solder is thrown onto the prepared workpiece surface. A spray distance between the flame spray gun and the workpiece of approx. 160 mm is maintained. The relative speed between the flame spray gun and the workpiece is approximately 25 m / min. An analysis of the solder layer showed that its composition differs only slightly from that of the corresponding solid solder.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Auftragen von Lot auf eine Werkstückoberfläche mittels Flammspritzen, wobei das Lot durch eine Brennstoff-Sauerstoff-Flamme geschmolzen und mit Hilfe eines Treibgases zerstäubt und auf die Werkstückoberfläche aufgetragen wird. Zum Verlöten zweier Werkstücke können die Oberflächen der Werkstücke mit Lot beschichtet, miteinander in Kontakt gebracht und auf die Schmelztemperatur des Lotes erwärmt werden, um eine metallische Bindung zu erreichen. Es ist bekannt, Lote mittels Flammspritzen auf eine Werkstückoberfläche aufzutragen. Bei diesem Verfahren wird das Lot durch eine Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Flamme, in der Regel durch eine Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Flamme geschmolzen. Dazu wird das Lot beispielsweise in Drahtform einer Flammspritzpistole zugeführt und axial durch die Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Flamme geleitet. Anschließend wird das geschmolzene Lot von einem Druckluftstrahl erfaßt, zerstäubt und auf die vorbereitete Werkstückoberfläche geschleudert, auf der das zerstäubteLot eine zusammenhängende und an der Werkstückoberfläche haftende Schicht bildet.The invention relates to a method for applying solder to a workpiece surface by means of flame spraying, the solder being melted by a fuel-oxygen flame and atomized with the aid of a propellant gas and applied to the workpiece surface. To solder two workpieces, the surfaces of the workpieces can be coated with solder, brought into contact with one another and heated to the melting temperature of the solder in order to achieve a metallic bond. It is known to apply solders to a workpiece surface using flame spraying. In this process, the solder is melted by a fuel gas-oxygen flame, usually an acetylene-oxygen flame. For this purpose, the solder is fed, for example in wire form, to a flame spray gun and passed axially through the acetylene-oxygen flame. The molten solder is then caught by a jet of compressed air, atomized and thrown onto the prepared workpiece surface, on which the atomized solder forms a coherent layer and adheres to the workpiece surface.
Lotschichten, die auf diese Weise hergestellt worden sind, besitzen jedoch häufig nicht die gewünschte Qualität. Die Analyse einer durch Flammspritzen auf eine Werkstückoberfläche aufgetragenen Lotschicht ergibt, daß sich deren Zusammensetzung von der des Lotes vor dem Auftragen durch Flammspritzen d.h. von der Zusammensetzung des Massivlotes unterscheidet. So fehlen in der aufgetragenen Lotschicht ein Teil der Legierungselemente - insbesondere Legierungselemente mit niedrigen Schmelztemperaturen. Außerdem findet ein Aufoxidieren der auf die Werkstückoberfläche aufgetragenen Lotschicht statt. Durch diese Veränderung des Lotes sinkt die Festigkeit von Lötverbindungen, die nach dem geschilderten Verfahren hergestellt werden.However, solder layers that have been produced in this way often do not have the desired quality. Analysis of a solder layer applied to a workpiece surface by flame spraying shows that its composition differs from that of the solder prior to flame spraying, i.e. differs from the composition of the solid solder. For example, some of the alloy elements are missing from the applied solder layer - in particular alloy elements with low melting temperatures. In addition, the solder layer applied to the workpiece surface is oxidized. As a result of this change in the solder, the strength of soldered connections, which are produced according to the described method, drops.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs geschilderten Art anzugeben, bei dem sich die Zusammensetzung einer Lotschicht, die durch Flammspritzen auf eine Werkstückoberfläche aufgetragen wurde, möglichst wenig von der des entsprechenden Massivlotes unterscheidet.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method of the type described at the outset, in which the composition of a solder layer which was applied to a workpiece surface by flame spraying differs as little as possible from that of the corresponding solid solder.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß als Treibgas ein inertes Gas verwendet und ein Brennstoff-Sauerstoff-Verhältnis eingestellt wird, bei dem der Brennstoffanteil größer als der für eine neutrale Flammeneinstellung erforderliche Brennstoffanteil ist.This object is achieved in that an inert gas is used as the propellant gas and a fuel-oxygen ratio is set in which the fuel fraction is greater than the fuel fraction required for a neutral flame setting.
Erfindungsgemäß wird als Treibgasstrahl ein inertes Gas eingesetzt und ein bestimmtes Verhältnis der Brennstoffmenge zur Sauerstoffmenge eingestellt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Zusammensetzung der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren aufgespritzten Lotschicht sich nur geringfügig von der des entsprechenden Massivlotes unterscheidet. Dieser Effekt dürfte darauf zurückzuführen sein, daß durch die Verwendung eines inerten Treibgases und durch die Einstellung einer reduzierend wirkenden Flamme ein Abbrand von Legierungselementen und ein Aufoxidieren des geschmolzenen Lotes verhindert werden.According to the invention, an inert gas is used as the propellant gas jet and a specific ratio of the amount of fuel to the amount of oxygen is set. It was found that the composition of the solder layer sprayed on by the process according to the invention differs only slightly from that of the corresponding solid solder. This effect may be due to the fact that the use of an inert propellant and by setting a reducing flame, burn-off of alloy elements and oxidation of the molten solder can be prevented.
Werden Werkstückoberflächen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren belotet, so besitzt eine Lötverbindung zwischen einem auf diese Werkstückoberfläche aufgelöteten Teil und dem Werkstück eine gute Festigkeit. Voraussetzung hierfür ist, daß das Lot in einer ausreichenden Schichtdicke aufgetragen worden ist. Außerdem wird die Schmelztemperatur der Lote durch das erfindungsgemäße Flammspritzverfahren nicht erhöht. Insgesamt ergeben sich bei diesem Verfahren Lotschichten mit sehr guten Löteigenschaften. Dieses Verfahren ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn großflächige, kompliziert geformte Bauteile vor dem Löten mit Lot zu beaufschlagen sind.If workpiece surfaces are soldered using the method according to the invention, a soldered connection between a part soldered onto this workpiece surface and the workpiece has good strength. The prerequisite for this is that the solder has been applied in a sufficient layer thickness. In addition, the melting temperature of the solders is not increased by the flame spraying process according to the invention. Overall, this process results in solder layers with very good soldering properties. This method is particularly advantageous if large-area, complex-shaped components have to be charged with solder before soldering.
Das inerte Zerstäubungsgas wird erfindungsgemäß allseitig an das geschmolzene Lot, d.h. nachdem das Lot die Brennstoff-Sauerstoff-Flamme durchlaufen hat, herangeführt. Neben den Aufgaben, das geschmolzene Lot zu zerstäuben und auf die Werkstückoberfläche zu transportieren, kommt dem inerten Gas auch die Funktion zu, einen Schutzgasmantel um das geschmolzene und zerstäubte Lot zu bilden. Durch das inerte Gas und das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoff-Sauerstoffverhältnis werden somit Bedingungen geschaffen, unter denen die Wechselwirkung des geschmolzenen Lotes mit Sauerstoff minimal ist. Als inertes Gas kommt grundsätzlich jedes Gas in Frage, das sich gegenüber dem geschmolzenen Lot inert verhält. Solche Gase sind beispielsweise die Edelgase. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden daher Argon oder Helium als Treibgas verwendet. Wegen seiner geringen Kosten, seiner Verfügbarkeit und seiner inerten Eigenschaften hat sich aber auch die Verwendung von Stickstoff als Treibgas besonders bewährt. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher bevorzugt Stickstoff als Treibgas verwendet.According to the invention, the inert atomizing gas is brought up to the molten solder on all sides, ie after the solder has passed through the fuel-oxygen flame. In addition to the tasks of atomizing the molten solder and transporting it to the workpiece surface, the inert gas also has the function of forming a protective gas jacket around the molten and atomized solder. The inert gas and the fuel-oxygen ratio according to the invention thus create conditions under which the interaction of the molten solder with oxygen is minimal. In principle, any gas that is inert to the molten solder can be considered as an inert gas. Such gases are, for example, the noble gases. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, argon or helium are therefore used as the propellant. Because of its low cost, its availability and its inert properties, the use of nitrogen as a propellant has also proven particularly useful. According to the invention, nitrogen is therefore preferably used as the propellant gas.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird vorteilhafterweise Acetylen als Brennstoff verwendet. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Gemisch verwendet wird, bei dem das Verhältnis der Acetylen- zur Sauerstoffmenge (Nm') zwischen 1 : 0,8 und 1 : 1,15 liegt.According to a further feature of the invention, acetylene is advantageously used as fuel. It is advantageous if, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an acetylene-oxygen mixture is used in which the ratio of the amount of acetylene to the amount of oxygen (Nm ') is between 1: 0.8 and 1: 1.15.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird ein Mischungsverhältnis von 1 : 0,9 eingestellt.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a mixing ratio of 1: 0.9 is set.
Grundsätzlich ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Auftragen aller Arten von Lotmaterialien geeignet. Da durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren jedoch der Abbrand von Legierungselementen mit niedrigen Schmelzpunkten wirkungsvoll unterdrückt wird, ist die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf Lote,die derartige Legierungselemente enthalten, besonders vorteilhaft.In principle, the method according to the invention is suitable for applying all types of solder materials. However, since the burn-off of alloy elements with low melting points is effectively suppressed by the method according to the invention, the application of the method according to the invention to solders containing such alloy elements is particularly advantageous.
Zur Beschichtung einer Werkstückoberfläche mit Lot wird diese Oberfläche zweckmäßigerweise einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen. Die Vorbereitung der Oberfläche erfolgt durch Strahlen. Als Strahlmittel kann beispielsweise Glas verwendet werden. Durch das Strahlen wird die Werkstückoberfläche aufgerauht. Auf diese Weise wird eine metallisch reine, zerklüftete und im Vergleich zum unbehandelten Werkstück größere Oberfläche geschaffen und so optimale Voraussetzungen für das Wirksamwerden des Haftmechanismus zwischen Oberfläche und Lotschicht geschaffen.To coat a workpiece surface with solder, this surface is expediently subjected to a pretreatment. The surface is prepared by blasting. Glass, for example, can be used as the abrasive. The workpiece surface is roughened by blasting. In this way, a metallically pure, fissured and larger surface compared to the untreated workpiece is created and thus optimal conditions for the effectiveness of the adhesive mechanism between surface and solder layer are created.
In eine Flammspritzpistole wird in den zentralen Kanal beispielsweise ein drahtförmiges Hartlot (Durchmesser 3 mm) eingelegt und mit einer Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeit von ca. 0,55 m/min. gefördert. In einem den zentralen Kanal ringförmig umgebenden Kanal der Flammspritzpistole wird ein Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Gemisch herangeführt und verbrannt (Mischungsverhältnis Acetylenmenge zu Sauerstoffmenge ca. 1 : 0,9). Die das Lot umschließende Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Flamme bringt das Lot zum Schmelzen. Das geschmolzene Lot wird vom Treibgas zerstäubt. Als Treibgas wird Stickstoff verwendet, der in einem zum Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Kanal koaxialen Kanal geführt wird. Der Stickstoff bildet einen geschlossenen ringförmigen Treibgasmantel, um die Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Flamme und das geschmolzene Lot. Im Schutze des Stickstoffmantels wird das zerstäubte Lot auf die vorbereite Werkstückoberfläche geschleudert. Dabei wird ein Spritzabstand zwischen Flammspritzpistole und Werkstück von ca. 160 mm eingehalten. Die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Flammspritzpistole und Werkstück beträgt etwa 25 m/min. Eine Analyse der Lotschicht ergab, daß deren Zusammensetzung sich nur geringfügig von der des entsprechenden Massivlotes unterscheidet.For example, a wire-shaped hard solder (diameter 3 mm) is placed in a flame spray gun in the central channel inserted and with a wire feed speed of approx. 0.55 m / min. promoted. An acetylene-oxygen mixture is introduced and burned in a channel of the flame spray gun which surrounds the central channel in a ring shape (mixture ratio of amount of acetylene to amount of oxygen approx. 1: 0.9). The acetylene-oxygen flame surrounding the solder melts the solder. The molten solder is atomized by the propellant. Nitrogen is used as the propellant gas, which is conducted in a channel coaxial with the acetylene-oxygen channel. The nitrogen forms a closed annular propellant jacket around the acetylene-oxygen flame and the molten solder. Protected by the nitrogen jacket, the atomized solder is thrown onto the prepared workpiece surface. A spray distance between the flame spray gun and the workpiece of approx. 160 mm is maintained. The relative speed between the flame spray gun and the workpiece is approximately 25 m / min. An analysis of the solder layer showed that its composition differs only slightly from that of the corresponding solid solder.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3501410 | 1985-01-17 | ||
| DE19853501410 DE3501410A1 (en) | 1985-01-17 | 1985-01-17 | PROCESS FOR APPLYING LOT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0189053A1 true EP0189053A1 (en) | 1986-07-30 |
Family
ID=6260067
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86100175A Ceased EP0189053A1 (en) | 1985-01-17 | 1986-01-08 | Method for applying solder |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0189053A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3501410A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1985005563A1 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-19 | Universite Paris-Nord | Means intended to automatically hold, process, store and analyse continuously biological samples |
| EP0911423A1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-04-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for joining workpieces |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07114218B2 (en) | 1991-01-09 | 1995-12-06 | 株式会社東芝 | Method of electrically connecting minute points and semiconductor device formed by the method |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE962130C (en) * | 1949-04-04 | 1957-04-18 | Hans Biel | Process for the production of firmly adhering metal layers on workpieces with a metallic surface by spraying |
| US2861900A (en) * | 1955-05-02 | 1958-11-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Jet plating of high melting point materials |
| US2972550A (en) * | 1958-05-28 | 1961-02-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Flame plating using detonation reactants |
| US2998322A (en) * | 1957-12-31 | 1961-08-29 | Frank R Strate | Method of hard facing metal |
| US3640760A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-02-08 | Bird Machine Co | Coated screens |
| FR2373355A1 (en) * | 1976-12-11 | 1978-07-07 | Glyco Metall Werke | LAMINATED MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING BY THERMOKINETIC PLATING |
| FR2443442A1 (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1980-07-04 | Fanciullacci Spa Flli | PROCESS FOR APPLYING METAL OR ALLOYS OR THIN LAYERED METAL COMPOUNDS TO CERAMIC SURFACES NOT COATED WITH A GLASS LAYER |
| EP0017944A1 (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-10-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Thermospray method for production of aluminium porous boiling surfaces |
| US4490184A (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1984-12-25 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Co. | Corrosion resistant thermal control material and process |
-
1985
- 1985-01-17 DE DE19853501410 patent/DE3501410A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-01-08 EP EP86100175A patent/EP0189053A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE962130C (en) * | 1949-04-04 | 1957-04-18 | Hans Biel | Process for the production of firmly adhering metal layers on workpieces with a metallic surface by spraying |
| US2861900A (en) * | 1955-05-02 | 1958-11-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Jet plating of high melting point materials |
| US2998322A (en) * | 1957-12-31 | 1961-08-29 | Frank R Strate | Method of hard facing metal |
| US2972550A (en) * | 1958-05-28 | 1961-02-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Flame plating using detonation reactants |
| US3640760A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-02-08 | Bird Machine Co | Coated screens |
| FR2373355A1 (en) * | 1976-12-11 | 1978-07-07 | Glyco Metall Werke | LAMINATED MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING BY THERMOKINETIC PLATING |
| FR2443442A1 (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1980-07-04 | Fanciullacci Spa Flli | PROCESS FOR APPLYING METAL OR ALLOYS OR THIN LAYERED METAL COMPOUNDS TO CERAMIC SURFACES NOT COATED WITH A GLASS LAYER |
| EP0017944A1 (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-10-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Thermospray method for production of aluminium porous boiling surfaces |
| US4490184A (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1984-12-25 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Co. | Corrosion resistant thermal control material and process |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1985005563A1 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-19 | Universite Paris-Nord | Means intended to automatically hold, process, store and analyse continuously biological samples |
| EP0186676A1 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1986-07-09 | Univ Paris Nord | Means intended to automatically hold, process, store and analyse continuously biological samples. |
| EP0911423A1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-04-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for joining workpieces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3501410A1 (en) | 1986-07-17 |
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