EP0174683B1 - Electrical heating element - Google Patents

Electrical heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174683B1
EP0174683B1 EP85201349A EP85201349A EP0174683B1 EP 0174683 B1 EP0174683 B1 EP 0174683B1 EP 85201349 A EP85201349 A EP 85201349A EP 85201349 A EP85201349 A EP 85201349A EP 0174683 B1 EP0174683 B1 EP 0174683B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
electrical heating
element according
sockets
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85201349A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0174683A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Amund Bergersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans Norway AS
Original Assignee
Standard Telefon OG Kabelfabrik AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Telefon OG Kabelfabrik AS filed Critical Standard Telefon OG Kabelfabrik AS
Priority to AT85201349T priority Critical patent/ATE56575T1/en
Publication of EP0174683A1 publication Critical patent/EP0174683A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0174683B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174683B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/004—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using zigzag layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical heating elements of the type defined in the precharacterizing part of Claim 1.
  • Such laminated heating elements are known, in particular, from US-A-3 263 307. With such heating elements, a problem usually arises when the rather delicate foil heating element is to be interconnected with rather rigid power supply leads.
  • FR-A-1 468 918 there is disclosed an electrical connector for flat conductors carried by a flat supporting panel, namely a heating panel.
  • This connector permits connection on site of power leads. But, since contact is established to the conductors by means of tensioned contact springs, this connector is applicable in relation with a rigid panel only, which leaves unsolved the problem of the laminated foil type heating elements.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to improve the previous termination and installation techniques and provide heating foil elements which do not easily tear during handling. This object is attained, in accordance with the invention, by the arrangement defined in the characterizing part of Claim 1. Advantageous additional features are mentioned in the dependent claims.
  • FIG. 1 is illustrated conventional termination of a heating element.
  • a resistance foil strip 1 which extends in windings having meander or zigzag form is surrounded by two layers 2 and 3 of a plastic laminate which is heat-sealable on one side.
  • the distance between the longitudinal strips of the windings should be made the minimum dimensions permitted by the insulating requirements.
  • relatively broad areas 4 along the edges of the heating element and one or more intermediate areas 5 are chosen in accordance with modules commonly used in buildings.
  • the resistor in Figure 1 is illustrated as two separate parts, which are interconnected by a copper strip 6.
  • the element may, however, also consist of one part whereby the area 5 and the strip 6 will be omitted.
  • the other ends of the resistor 1 are connected to an electric cable 8 by means of copper terminal strips 7.
  • soldering process it is preferred to use some sort of soldering process.
  • the foil material should also have a relatively low melting point in order to melt away without causing danger if an accidental short-circuiting should occur if nails or the like penetrate the heating element.
  • a lead/tin/antimony alloy having a melting point of about 183°C, a thickness of about 0,015 mm and a resistivity of about 0,15 ohm mm 2 /m may be used, a melting point of 183°C being sufficiently low for the purpose mentioned and at the same time well above the normal operating temperature of the element.
  • FIG 2 is illustrated a heating element similar to that shown in Figure 1, the unique feature being that the termination copper strips or elements 7 are terminated in a box 9 attached directly to the heating element.
  • FIG 3 is shown how several heating elements 11, 12 and 13 may be individually connected to an outlet box 14.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative arrangement where the elements 11, 12 and 13 are connected in series (or in parallel) with each other to the power supply 14 depending upon the internal connections.
  • the branch circuits 15 and element conductors 16 represent cold leads relatively to the heating element resistor 1.
  • the heating elements are provided with terminal boxes 17 and 18.
  • FIG 5 is schematically illustrated a heating element 21 to which is attached a terminal box 17 containing two so called push wire connectors 22. Termination elements (e.g. copper strips) 7 from the heating foil element 21 are connected to the push wire connectors 22 via short leads 23.
  • This type of terminal box 17 may be used for arrangements like that illustrated in Figure 3. Power leads 16 are pushed into the connectors 22 for contact with the heating element 21.
  • FIGs 6 and 7 show arrangements like that illustrated in Figure 4.
  • terminal boxes 18 being provided with four push wire connectors 22 so as to allow parallel or series connected respectively of the heating element.
  • the power leads 15' and 15" are interconnected by means of short leads or straps 23 whereby the heating elements are connected in parallel with the power leads.
  • the heating element is shown connected in series with the power leads 15' and 15".
  • FIG 8 there are in a somewhat exploded form shown more details of the unique terminal box 18 (the terminal box 17 may be built in accordance with the same principles).
  • the box illustrated consists mainly of three parts, namely a board 40, a base plate 41 and a lid 42.
  • the board 40 may be provided with snap in holders 43, 44 for the push-wire connectors 22.
  • the board 40 may furthermore be provided with apertures 45 for enabling snapping of the board into the base plate 41.
  • the corresponding snap in elements of the base plate 41 is illustrated at 46.
  • the board 40 may furthermore be provided with guide pins 47 corresponding to a guide 48 on the base plate 41.
  • the base plate 41 may be provided with an extended flat brim 49 for facilitating mounting of the terminal box to the heating element 21 by means of taping or gluing.
  • the termination elements 7 of the heating element are indicated. These elements 7 will be soldered to straps 23 as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 before snapping the board 40 into the base plate 41.
  • sockets constituted by half-sockets 50 and 51.
  • the sockets 50/51 may also be provided with upper and lower lead strain releaving means 53 for locking the cable or leads within the sockets when the lid is closed.
  • the lid 42 may be detachably hinged to the base plate 41 by means of hinge taps 55 and corresponding apertures 56 in the lid. The lid 42 may also be snapped to the base plate 41 by means of snappers 57, 58.
  • the sockets 50/51 may also be provided with catching means 54 so that when the power leads (a cable as shown or two individual leads) are installed within a tubing 59 this tubing 59 may be inserted over the sockets 50/51 so as to lock the base plate and lid together.
  • bushings 60 may also be used to make a tight connection between the power leads and the socket. The bushing 60 will also lock the lid to the base plate, 'and there may be used a closed bushing in one end of the box in the case of an installation as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the details described in connection with the Figure 8 may be varied in a number of ways.
  • the heating element of the present invention may also be built into prefabricated building sections such as wall boards and insulation mats.
  • the installation procedures will be as follows: In the factory the termination box 17, 18 with push wire connectors 22 and a desirable set of straps 23 are mounted onto the heating foil 21 with the intermediate strips or terminals 7 connected as shown in Figures 5-7.
  • the strapped board 40 ( Figure 8) is snapped into the base plate 41 whereupon the heating foil element with terminal box is ready for shipment.
  • the heating unit or units will then be installed at the desired place(s) in a ceiling, in wall sections or in a floor without having to bother with attached power leads. Power leads connected to the mains may be installed in the ceiling, wall or floor before or after mounting the heating units.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Electrical foil heating element having a terminal box (9) attached directly to the element. Handling of heating elements are made easier. Power leads (16) may be connected to the heating element after it has been installed. A unique terminal box is disclosed.

Description

  • The present invention relates to electrical heating elements of the type defined in the precharacterizing part of Claim 1. Such laminated heating elements are known, in particular, from US-A-3 263 307. With such heating elements, a problem usually arises when the rather delicate foil heating element is to be interconnected with rather rigid power supply leads.
  • It has for many years been common practice that power leads should be connected as integral parts of the heating foil element. As mentioned, in the above mentioned US Patent the resistance strip is soldered to intermediate copper foil terminals which in a later step are soldered to the power leads. To obtain reliable connections these joints are usually made in the factory and the heating elements are consequently delivered with the power leads connected. An obvious drawback with these conventional products is that the combination of the rather delicate heating foil with the rather rigid power leads makes handling difficult. The risk of tearing is also quite high. The length of the attached power leads also often turned out to be either too long or too short.
  • Another example of the above mentioned prior art technique may be found in FR-A-2 419 643, which presents the same drawbacks.
  • Besides, in FR-A-1 468 918, there is disclosed an electrical connector for flat conductors carried by a flat supporting panel, namely a heating panel. This connector permits connection on site of power leads. But, since contact is established to the conductors by means of tensioned contact springs, this connector is applicable in relation with a rigid panel only, which leaves unsolved the problem of the laminated foil type heating elements.
  • The object of the present invention is thus to improve the previous termination and installation techniques and provide heating foil elements which do not easily tear during handling. This object is attained, in accordance with the invention, by the arrangement defined in the characterizing part of Claim 1. Advantageous additional features are mentioned in the dependent claims.
  • Above mentioned and other features and objects of this invention will clearly appear from the following detailed description of several embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the drawings, where
    • Figure 1 schematically shows conventional termination of heating foil elements,
    • Figure 2 schematically shows the heating foil termination of the present invention,
    • Figures 3 and 4 show alternative lay-outs for connecting a number of heating foil elements to a power line,
    • Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate three alternatives of internal connections between power leads and heating foil termination elements, and
    • Figure 8 shows in a somewhat exploded form several details of a terminal box.
  • In Figure 1 is illustrated conventional termination of a heating element. A resistance foil strip 1, which extends in windings having meander or zigzag form is surrounded by two layers 2 and 3 of a plastic laminate which is heat-sealable on one side. In order to achieve a satisfactory area load the distance between the longitudinal strips of the windings should be made the minimum dimensions permitted by the insulating requirements. To make room for fastening means such as nails or the like, so that these may be passed through the heating elements with the least possible risk of damaging the resistance foil, relatively broad areas 4 along the edges of the heating element and one or more intermediate areas 5 are chosen in accordance with modules commonly used in buildings.
  • The resistor in Figure 1 is illustrated as two separate parts, which are interconnected by a copper strip 6. The element may, however, also consist of one part whereby the area 5 and the strip 6 will be omitted. The other ends of the resistor 1 are connected to an electric cable 8 by means of copper terminal strips 7. In order to achieve a good connection and avoid local overheating it is preferred to use some sort of soldering process. Apart from having the desired resistivity and flexibility the foil material should also have a relatively low melting point in order to melt away without causing danger if an accidental short-circuiting should occur if nails or the like penetrate the heating element. To satisfy these requirements a lead/tin/antimony alloy having a melting point of about 183°C, a thickness of about 0,015 mm and a resistivity of about 0,15 ohm mm2/m may be used, a melting point of 183°C being sufficiently low for the purpose mentioned and at the same time well above the normal operating temperature of the element.
  • In Figure 2 is illustrated a heating element similar to that shown in Figure 1, the unique feature being that the termination copper strips or elements 7 are terminated in a box 9 attached directly to the heating element.
  • In Figure 3 is shown how several heating elements 11, 12 and 13 may be individually connected to an outlet box 14. Figure 4 shows an alternative arrangement where the elements 11, 12 and 13 are connected in series (or in parallel) with each other to the power supply 14 depending upon the internal connections. The branch circuits 15 and element conductors 16 represent cold leads relatively to the heating element resistor 1. The heating elements are provided with terminal boxes 17 and 18.
  • In Figure 5 is schematically illustrated a heating element 21 to which is attached a terminal box 17 containing two so called push wire connectors 22. Termination elements (e.g. copper strips) 7 from the heating foil element 21 are connected to the push wire connectors 22 via short leads 23. This type of terminal box 17 may be used for arrangements like that illustrated in Figure 3. Power leads 16 are pushed into the connectors 22 for contact with the heating element 21.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show arrangements like that illustrated in Figure 4. There are illustrated terminal boxes 18 being provided with four push wire connectors 22 so as to allow parallel or series connected respectively of the heating element. As shown in Figure 6 the power leads 15' and 15" are interconnected by means of short leads or straps 23 whereby the heating elements are connected in parallel with the power leads. In Figure 7 the heating element is shown connected in series with the power leads 15' and 15".
  • In Figure 8 there are in a somewhat exploded form shown more details of the unique terminal box 18 (the terminal box 17 may be built in accordance with the same principles). The box illustrated consists mainly of three parts, namely a board 40, a base plate 41 and a lid 42.
  • The board 40 may be provided with snap in holders 43, 44 for the push-wire connectors 22. The board 40 may furthermore be provided with apertures 45 for enabling snapping of the board into the base plate 41. The corresponding snap in elements of the base plate 41 is illustrated at 46. The board 40 may furthermore be provided with guide pins 47 corresponding to a guide 48 on the base plate 41.
  • The base plate 41 may be provided with an extended flat brim 49 for facilitating mounting of the terminal box to the heating element 21 by means of taping or gluing. The termination elements 7 of the heating element are indicated. These elements 7 will be soldered to straps 23 as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 before snapping the board 40 into the base plate 41.
  • For insertion of power leads into the terminal box there may be provided sockets constituted by half- sockets 50 and 51. In the base plate 41 there may in connection with the guide walls 48 be arranged conductor withholding means 52 which are tapered in order to be adaptable to various types of power leads. The sockets 50/51 may also be provided with upper and lower lead strain releaving means 53 for locking the cable or leads within the sockets when the lid is closed. The lid 42 may be detachably hinged to the base plate 41 by means of hinge taps 55 and corresponding apertures 56 in the lid. The lid 42 may also be snapped to the base plate 41 by means of snappers 57, 58. The sockets 50/51 may also be provided with catching means 54 so that when the power leads (a cable as shown or two individual leads) are installed within a tubing 59 this tubing 59 may be inserted over the sockets 50/51 so as to lock the base plate and lid together. There may also be used bushings 60 to make a tight connection between the power leads and the socket. The bushing 60 will also lock the lid to the base plate, 'and there may be used a closed bushing in one end of the box in the case of an installation as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • The details described in connection with the Figure 8 may be varied in a number of ways. The heating element of the present invention may also be built into prefabricated building sections such as wall boards and insulation mats.
  • Whereas the power leads and cables are illustrated as of the non-grounded type it will be obvious that cables with earth wire may also be used.
  • The installation procedures will be as follows: In the factory the termination box 17, 18 with push wire connectors 22 and a desirable set of straps 23 are mounted onto the heating foil 21 with the intermediate strips or terminals 7 connected as shown in Figures 5-7. The strapped board 40 (Figure 8) is snapped into the base plate 41 whereupon the heating foil element with terminal box is ready for shipment. The heating unit or units will then be installed at the desired place(s) in a ceiling, in wall sections or in a floor without having to bother with attached power leads. Power leads connected to the mains may be installed in the ceiling, wall or floor before or after mounting the heating units. When making connections between the power leads and the heating element the electrician simply has to open the hinged lid 42, push the power leads into contact within the push wire connectors 22, close the lid 42 and push the tubing 59 or bushing 60 required over the box sockets 50/51 to prevent accidental opening of the box. Only in rare cases the electrician will have to make strap changes. This may happen if.he needs to change a Figure 6 type unit into a Figure 7 type unit.

Claims (10)

1. Electrical heating element of the laminated type having a strip (1) of electrical resistance material arranged in a predetermined pattern between sheets (2, 3) of insulation material and including terminal strips or elements (7) connected to the resistance strip and extending from the laminate structure, characterized in that the termination elements (7) extend into an openable terminal box (9, 17, 18) which is attached to the heating element and which contains a set of screwless contacts or push wire connectors (22) which contacts or connectors are provided for removable connection of power leads (15, 16), and that at least one termination lead (23) is connected between each termination element (7) and one of said screwless contacts or push wire connectors (22).
2. Electrical heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the set of screwless contacts (22) are mounted on a board (40) which is detachably mounted in the terminal box (9, 17, 18).
3. Electrical heating element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the set of screwless contacts (22) are detachably mounted on the board (40).
4. Electrical heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the terminal box (9, 17, 18) is provided with sockets (50/51) for insertion of power conductors into the screwless contacts (22).
5. Electrical heating element according to Claim 4, characterized in that the power conductor sockets (50/51) are provided with conductor guiding and separation means (48).
6. Electrical heating element according to Claim 5, characterized in that the separation means (48) are associated with conductor withholding means (52).
7. Electrical heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the terminal box (9, 17, 18) is provided with a detachable and/or hinged lid (42).
8. Electrical heating element according to Claim 4, characterized in that the sockets (50/51 ) are made up of half sockets (50, 51) placed respectively on the box base (41) and on the box lid (42).
9. Electrical heating element according to Claim 8, characterized in that tubing (59) or bushing means (60) are arranged to be placed over the half sockets (50, 51) to lock the lid to the box base, and that there are arranged strain releaving means (53) for locking the cable or leads to the box.
10. Electrical heating element according to Claim 9, characterized in that the sockets are provided with catching means (54) for interlocking the sockets with the tubing (59) or bushing means (60).
EP85201349A 1984-09-10 1985-08-26 Electrical heating element Expired - Lifetime EP0174683B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85201349T ATE56575T1 (en) 1984-09-10 1985-08-26 ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO843580 1984-09-10
NO843580A NO157840C (en) 1984-09-10 1984-09-10 ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174683A1 EP0174683A1 (en) 1986-03-19
EP0174683B1 true EP0174683B1 (en) 1990-09-12

Family

ID=19887824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85201349A Expired - Lifetime EP0174683B1 (en) 1984-09-10 1985-08-26 Electrical heating element

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4665302A (en)
EP (1) EP0174683B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE56575T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1248573A (en)
DE (1) DE3579652D1 (en)
FI (1) FI85932C (en)
NO (1) NO157840C (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2250406B (en) * 1990-11-23 1995-03-15 Verreries Hirtz Sa A lead-in conductor arrangement in a heated mirror assembly
US5414241A (en) * 1992-05-11 1995-05-09 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heater, a method of manufacturing the same, and an anti-condensation mirror incorporating the same
KR20000028327A (en) * 1998-10-31 2000-05-25 양건호 Face type heating element removing electromagnetic wave and method for fabricating thereof
WO2019002181A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2019-01-03 Elringklinger Ag Heating system and process for manufacturing same
US11723790B2 (en) 2021-11-09 2023-08-15 Vivos Therapeutics, Inc. Vibrational oral appliance with mandibular advancements

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2696549A (en) * 1953-01-05 1954-12-07 Fielderest Mills Inc Terminal cap and electric bedcovering fabrication
FR1151086A (en) * 1956-05-30 1958-01-23 Connection box
BE634939A (en) * 1962-07-16 1900-01-01
FR1468918A (en) * 1964-11-17 1967-02-10 Amp Inc Electrical connector
FR2067893A5 (en) * 1969-11-20 1971-08-20 Mars Actel
US4029896A (en) * 1975-10-22 1977-06-14 Electro-Therm, Inc. Terminal housing for an electrical resistance heater
US4108527A (en) * 1977-06-23 1978-08-22 Amp Incorporated Strain relief assembly
US4139763A (en) * 1978-03-10 1979-02-13 Mcmullan James P Blanket heater with temperature control means
US4210380A (en) * 1978-11-08 1980-07-01 Western Electric Company, Inc. Cable connector housing having strain relief system
NO146042C (en) * 1980-03-25 1982-07-14 Standard Tel Kabelfab As PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENTS
NO147975C (en) * 1980-07-03 1983-07-13 Standard Tel Kabelfab As ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT.
US4437725A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-03-20 Amp Incorporated Junction connections for modular wiring systems
US4501956A (en) * 1981-09-18 1985-02-26 International Standard Electric Corporation Electrical resistance heating element
US4435612A (en) * 1982-03-09 1984-03-06 Communication Technology Corporation Cable splice housing
US4468557A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-28 Bylin Heating Systems, Inc. Conformable electric heating apparatus
US4585922A (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-04-29 Sunbeam Corporation Blanket wire cord connector module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI852583A0 (en) 1985-06-28
ATE56575T1 (en) 1990-09-15
DE3579652D1 (en) 1990-10-18
FI85932C (en) 1992-06-10
FI852583L (en) 1986-03-11
NO843580L (en) 1986-03-11
NO157840C (en) 1988-05-25
NO157840B (en) 1988-02-15
EP0174683A1 (en) 1986-03-19
US4665302A (en) 1987-05-12
CA1248573A (en) 1989-01-10
FI85932B (en) 1992-02-28

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