EP0174068B1 - Antenne à microbandes - Google Patents

Antenne à microbandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174068B1
EP0174068B1 EP19850304623 EP85304623A EP0174068B1 EP 0174068 B1 EP0174068 B1 EP 0174068B1 EP 19850304623 EP19850304623 EP 19850304623 EP 85304623 A EP85304623 A EP 85304623A EP 0174068 B1 EP0174068 B1 EP 0174068B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
disc
reflector
radiator
circular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850304623
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0174068A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Scott Hall
Christopher John Prior
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0174068A1 publication Critical patent/EP0174068A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0174068B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174068B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch

Definitions

  • This invention relates to microstrip antennas comprising a dielectric substrate having a conducting ground-plane on one face and a conducting sheet radiator on its other face coupled to a feeding arrangement.
  • the invention has a principal application to such antennas where the radiator is a circular patch or disc approximately half a wavelength in diameter at its resonant frequency, enabling the bandwidth thereof to be substantially increased.
  • F/D focal-length/diameter
  • a further advantage in such applications is the low axial ratio obtained, ie the maximum variation in signal amplitude over 360° polar co-ordinates, which is important where circular polarisation is used.
  • the invention provides a microstrip antenna as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and known from IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. AP-29, no. 1, January 1981, pages 3-24, New York, US; K. R. CARVER et al. "Microstrip Antenna Technology", Figure 9 and page 10, column 2, lines 29 to 41, characterised by the features of the characterising portion of Claim 1.
  • the invention also provides a reflector antenna comprising a circular reflector, preferably of parabolic form, having the microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1 located substantially at its focus to provide a feed.
  • Figs 1 and 2 show an antenna comprising a circular disc 1 of metallisation located centrally on a disc 2 of dielectric material backed by a conducting ground-plane 3. Separated by a uniform gap 5 from disc 1 is an annular ring 6 of metallisation whose outer edge extends round the edge of disc 2 to join the ground-plane.
  • the disc 1 is connected to a coaxial feeder whose inner conductor 7 extends through disc 2, and whose outer conductor 8 is connected to the ground-plane 3. It is not essential for the outer edge of ring 6 to make continuous contact with the ground-plane 3 as shown, eg a ring of spaced pins extending through the dielectric material can be used, as will be apparent to those familiar with microstrip antennas.
  • the diameter of the disc 1 is approximately ⁇ m/2 at the operating frequency (where Am is the wavelength in the microstrip structure thus formed) so that the disc functions as a resonant radiator in a known manner, and the position of connection of conductor 7 to disc 1 is adjusted to match the antenna and feeder impedances at this frequency, as likewise known.
  • the width of ring 6 is made approximately ⁇ m/4, this width and the width of gap 5 being adjusted experimentally to give the structure optimum bandwidth.
  • Figs 3-6 show results obtained with an antenna having the following dimensions etc:
  • Fig 3 shows the return loss of the antenna in the absence of ring 6, ie ring 1 alone, and Fig 4 shows the effect of adding the ring.
  • the substantial increase in bandwidth (at -10 dB) in the latter case is clearly seen.
  • Fig 5 shows the co-polar radiation pattern in both the E- and H-planes about boresight (0°).
  • the antenna is seen to have equal beam-widths in both planes at very wide angles from boresight (eg ⁇ 60°).
  • the low levels of cross-polarisation obtained ( ⁇ -20dB) are also shown.
  • the width of the gap 5 is not critical and the optimum width is readily found by experiment. In the above example it was found that the stated width could be considerably increased without serious deterioration in performance, but could not be much reduced.
  • the foregoing dimensions were unchanged except that the ring 6 width was 9 mm and the gap 5 width 2.25 mm.
  • the centre frequency was 5.21 GHz.
  • the coaxial feeder 7,8 was offset 0.33 of disc 1 diameter from its centre to obtain a 50 ohm match at resonance as opposed to 0.2 of disc diameter for the disc in isolation, ie without the ring 6.
  • Measurements of the antenna amplitude and phase patterns were made in the principal (E- and H-) and diagonal (45°) planes at band-edge and centre frequencies, using improved measuring techniques.
  • the antenna was not mounted on a large ground-plane conventionally used for microstrip patch antenna measurements.
  • 8 is again the conventional polar co-ordinate.
  • the minimum variation in phase occurred for a phase centre located on-axis 4 mm from the centre of disc 1.
  • the maximum phase error at this position was ⁇ 15°, with most of the error occurring at the edge of the reflector arc.
  • Table 1 also compares the cross-polarisation level of the present antenna with that of an isolated disc 1 operating at the same frequency and on a ground-plane equal to the ring 6 outer diameter.
  • the radiation patterns for the isolated disc showed good circular symmetry for small ground-plane sizes, but with H-plane cross-polarisation >-20 dB for angles >25° from boresight (0°) which arises from diffraction from the edges of the ground-plane and overmoding in the disc.
  • Table 1 indicates that the addition of ring 6 exerts considerable control of the sources of cross-polarisation, giving reduced levels within the arc subtended by the reflector.
  • Table 2 shows the results of bandwidth and approximate gain fall-off for different values of gap 5 width.
  • the gap 5 widths were achieved by changing the disc 1 diameter which resulted in a 10% variation in frequency, but the latter was not considered to affect significantly the bandwidth and gain results.
  • the accuracy of gain measurement was approximately ⁇ 0.5 dB.
  • Bandwidths up to and greater than 10% were obtainable, but with some reduction in input return loss (not shown in Table 2) and a significant fall-off in gain at the upper band-edge frequency.
  • the input return loss could not be greatly improved by repositioning the coaxial feeder.
  • the increase in bandwidth is due to an additional resonance mode close to the fundamental mode, and it is considered that losses in this mode account for the reduction in gain at the higher frequency.
  • the A m/4 ring can also be applied to circularly polarised circular resonant radiators, eg energised with a 90° phase difference at points on two orthogonal radii, where, as stated, the low axial ratio obtained is particularly valuable.
  • the invention may also be applicable to other than circular half-wave resonant sheet radiators, eg to those of elliptical shape.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Antenne à microbandes comprenant: un substrat diélectrique (2) comportant un élément rayonnant en feuille conductrice circulaire (1) sur une première face et un plan de base conducteur (3) sur une seconde face; ledit élément rayonnant (1) ayant un diamètre représentant environ la moitié d'une longueur d'onde à la fréquence de fonctionnement et agissant en tant que résonateur demi-onde et comportant des moyens d'alimentation (7, 18) qui lui sont reliés; et une feuille conductrice annulaire fermée (6) sur ladite première face et entourant ledit élément rayonnant, dont le bord interne est séparé par un interstice du bord dudit élément rayonnant pour obtenir un couplage capacitif à travers l'interstice entre les bords respectifs, caractérisée en ce que: la feuille annulaire (6) a une largeur d'environ un quart de longueur d'onde pour la fréquence de fonctionnement et est reliée au plan de base par son bord externe et fonctionne comme un résonateur quart-d'onde.
2. Antenne à réflecteur comprenant un réflecteur circulaire (1) comportant une antenne à microbandes selon la revendication 1, située sensiblement à son foyer pour déterminer l'alimentation.
3. Antenne à réflecteur selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ledit réflecteur (1) est parabolique.
EP19850304623 1984-07-09 1985-06-28 Antenne à microbandes Expired EP0174068B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB848417502A GB8417502D0 (en) 1984-07-09 1984-07-09 Microstrip antennas
GB8417502 1984-07-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174068A1 EP0174068A1 (fr) 1986-03-12
EP0174068B1 true EP0174068B1 (fr) 1991-01-02

Family

ID=10563642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850304623 Expired EP0174068B1 (fr) 1984-07-09 1985-06-28 Antenne à microbandes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0174068B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3581020D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB8417502D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1263745A (fr) * 1985-12-03 1989-12-05 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation Antenne a microruban en court-circuit
JPS6365703A (ja) * 1986-09-05 1988-03-24 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 平面アンテナ
US4821040A (en) * 1986-12-23 1989-04-11 Ball Corporation Circular microstrip vehicular rf antenna
US4835541A (en) * 1986-12-29 1989-05-30 Ball Corporation Near-isotropic low-profile microstrip radiator especially suited for use as a mobile vehicle antenna
US6181277B1 (en) * 1987-04-08 2001-01-30 Raytheon Company Microstrip antenna
DE4002899A1 (de) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fahrzeugantenne aus einer elektrisch leitenden wand mit einem ringspalt
GB2274548B (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-07-24 Securicor Datatrak Ltd Dual purpose, low profile antenna
DE10259833A1 (de) * 2002-01-03 2003-07-24 Harris Corp Unterdrückung gegenseitiger Kopplung in einer Anordnung planer Antennenelemente
GB2399949B (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-11-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna
GB2387036B (en) * 2002-03-26 2005-03-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna
CN104269616B (zh) * 2014-09-17 2017-10-17 电子科技大学 移动应用中工作于高次模的矩形微带天线

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4291311A (en) * 1977-09-28 1981-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Dual ground plane microstrip antennas
US4142190A (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-02-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Microstrip feed with reduced aperture blockage
US4460894A (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-07-17 Sensor Systems, Inc. Laterally isolated microstrip antenna
EP0117017A1 (fr) * 1983-01-20 1984-08-29 Hazeltine Corporation Antenne omnidirectionnelle à structure mince

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8417502D0 (en) 1984-08-15
EP0174068A1 (fr) 1986-03-12
DE3581020D1 (de) 1991-02-07

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