EP0168922A2 - Ohne Einführungskraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder - Google Patents

Ohne Einführungskraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0168922A2
EP0168922A2 EP85303419A EP85303419A EP0168922A2 EP 0168922 A2 EP0168922 A2 EP 0168922A2 EP 85303419 A EP85303419 A EP 85303419A EP 85303419 A EP85303419 A EP 85303419A EP 0168922 A2 EP0168922 A2 EP 0168922A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
opening
connector
contact
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85303419A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0168922A3 (de
Inventor
John Wesley Jenkins
William Frederick Laubach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
Original Assignee
TRW Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRW Inc filed Critical TRW Inc
Publication of EP0168922A2 publication Critical patent/EP0168922A2/de
Publication of EP0168922A3 publication Critical patent/EP0168922A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/82—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force
    • H01R12/85—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/89—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures acting manually by moving connector housing parts linearly, e.g. slider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/72—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/721—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures cooperating directly with the edge of the rigid printed circuits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrical connector and more particularly pertains to a high-density, zero-insertion-force (ZIF) electrical circuit board connector having contacts providing a desired wiping action when engaging a board inserted therein.
  • ZIF zero-insertion-force
  • Electrically conductive paths on printed circuit boards consist of thin coatings of conductive material which are printed, or otherwise deposited or formed on one or both sides of such boards.
  • the normally miniature size of these conductive paths as well as their frail nature result in a variety of interconnection problems.
  • poor electrical engagement between the connector contacts and the circuit board will result from fractures in the board circuits and undesired bending and/or mis-alignment of terminal or board-engaging portions of the connector contacts. The incidence of such problems increases with contact density.
  • Zero-insertion-force connectors are designed to minimize deleterious stresses in the course of circuit board insertion into a connector by employing contact terminal strips which are positioned out of the circuit board path in the course of board insertion into a receiving connector slot. The contact strips are then cammed or released from an open position into engagement with the board which is located in the connector slot in desired registration with the engaging contact strips.
  • a desired action of each contact relative to the engaged circuit board is a sliding frictional movement or "wipe" of the contact portion engaging the board surface over the circuit portion engaged.
  • Such wiping action is particularly beneficial, if not necessary, to efficient electrical contact when the circuit boards are exposed to contaminating atmospheres prior to or during connector engagement. The wiping action will serve to remove any surface contamination on the board circuit tending to reduce electrical engagement with the contact.
  • the prior art has recognized the desirability of minimizing the application of edge stresses on circuit boards and accordingly has employed zero-insertion-force connectors, as evidenced by the one-piece ZIF connector disclosed in Hamsher et al. United States Patent 4,428,635.
  • the connector of this patent employs contacts which are normally in the closed position. Such contacts are cammed into an open position to allow insertion of a mating circuit board into a receiving slot. Following board insertion, the contacts are released into engagement with the board whereby any normal force or wiping action exerted by the contacts on the engaged board is effected by the resiliency possessed in the contact members.
  • the connector hereinafter described employs normally open contacts and associated cam means for positively applying forces which result in movement of the contact terminal portions engaging inserted board circuitry. The forces are applied both normal and transversely to the plane of the board as will hereinafter be explained in greater detail.
  • a zero-insertion-force connector comprising a insulator housing in which a plurality of normally open electrical contacts are mounted.
  • Each contact comprises a rigid, straight, anchor pin portion mounted in an apertured housing base.
  • Each contact pin portion is connected to a thinner contact terminal portion adapted to be cammed into a high-normal-force wiping engagement with a circuit board.
  • the contacts are preferably arranged in opposed rows on opposite sides of a longitudinal insulator opening adapted to receive a circuit board.
  • the cam means comprise slidable cam- cam-follower assemblies mounted in the connector insulator housing and defining a portion thereof. Reciprocal axial movement of cam strips slidably mounted in opposed insulator sides results in actuation of spaced surfaces of engaged cam followers to move in the vertical plane so as to inwardly move an adjacent bend portion of each contact terminal portion and urge each contact terminal portion inwardly and slidably upward over an engaged board surface.
  • a zero-insertion-force electrical circuit board connector 10 comprising an upper insulator body portion 12 having a longitudinal, elongate slot opening 14 to the top and at the left end of the upper housing 12 at 14L to receive a circuit board C illustrated in phantom.
  • Upper insulator housing 12 is mounted over insulator base 18 which has a plurality of contact receiving openings arranged in opposed parallel rows of outer openings 200 and inner openings 201 as is more clearly seen from the exploded view of Fig. 6.
  • Lower edge portions of the upper insulator 12 and upper edge portions of the lower insulator 18 are slotted at 22 and 24, respectively, see Fig.
  • the connector 10 employs a right-hand cam 28R and an opposed cam 28L as seen in Figs. 1 and 6.
  • Axially movable cams 28R and 28L are adapted to actuate for movement in the vertical plane, engaged cam followers 30R and 30L, respectively.
  • Each cam 28L and 28R has formed on an inner surface thereof sloping recesses 32 adapted to engage a projecting stub or tab 34 formed on an adjacent surface of the cam follower with which engaged.
  • the cam strips are non-load bearing as opposed ends of the upper housing 12 are supported on opposed bearing block 9 and support block 11 of base 18. Pins 19 depending from upper housing 12 are received in underlying openings 7 for registration purposes.
  • Slot 36L is defined by the inner surface of outer insulator wall 37 and opposed distal edges of insulator parallel barrier walls 15 which define contact-receiving recesses 13 in which the connector contacts are received, see Figs. 6 and 13.
  • the lower inner edge portions of barrier walls 15 are integrally formed with wall 31, the upper end of which defines slot bottom B, see Figs. 3 and 4.
  • each slot 36L and 3ER thereto along the length of walls 39 and 41 are intersecting, alternating slots 38S and 38T.
  • These slots are seen in front elevation in the broken away segment in Fig. 1 of the drawing, and are seen in section in the transverse sectional views comprising Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawing.
  • the longer slots 38T are traversed by terminal portions 52 of contacts 40T (see Fig. 7) whereas the shorter slots 38S are traversed by terminal portions 53 of shorter contacts 40S (see Fig. 8).
  • Contacts 40T and 40S comprise lower pin or anchor portions 42T and 42S respectively, which have formed therein locking offset 44 with opposed sloping edge portions 46.
  • the contact portions 42T and 42S comprise anchoring pins or post portions which are insertable in the openings 200 and 201 respectively, of the insulator base 18 illustrated in Figure 6.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a single contact 40T inserted in a base opening 200 and a single contact 40S inserted in a base opening 20I. In the normal assembled condition, each opening 200 will have received therein a contact 40T, and each opening 401 will have received therein a contact 40S.
  • each contact 40T has integrally formed with its lower pin portion 42T an upper offset continuation 48 which is laterally offset from the axis of pin portion 42T and disposed in a spaced parallel plane by means of the inclined connecting portion 50.
  • a flexible contact terminal portion 52 Secured to an inner surface portion of contact extension portion 48 is a flexible contact terminal portion 52 which is half the thickness of the underlying contact portion to which secured by electron welding or the like.
  • the contact terminal portion 52 having the reverse bend formed therein ray be approximately .010 inch thick whereas the underlying contact pin portion 42T, 50 and 48 may have double such thickness.
  • Contact portions 42T and 42S are of substantially square cross-section and of greater rigidity than the opposed contact terminal portions 52 and 53, respectively.
  • the difference in the heights of the two contacts 40T and 40S of Figs. 7 and 8 respectively, comprises the added length afforded the contact 40T by the contact portions 48 and 50. It will be noted from Fig. 8 that the contact terminal portion 53 of contact 40S is of substantially the same size and configuration as contact portion 52 of contact 40T. The lower end of the contact terminal portion 53 is secured to the upper end of the pin portion 42S of the contact 40S by electron welding or the like.
  • the contact terminal portion 53 may be offset to the right of the longitudinal axis of the contact pin portion 42S whereas in the contact 40T of Fig. 7, the contact terminal portion 52 may be offset to the left of the longitudinal axis of the pin portion 42T as above mentioned.
  • the contact terminal portions 52 and 53 may be laterally spaced on opposite sides of a straight axis on which the pins 42T, 42S are disposed.
  • Fig. 14 a schematic representation is provided of contacts 40T located in the outer rows of openinjs 200 having terminal portions 52 offset to the left as indicated by the dark shading, and the contacts 40S disposed in the inner rows of openings 201 having contact terminal portion 53 offset to he right as indicated by the dark shading.
  • FIGS 9A to 9F illustrate the process steps which may be carried out in the course of forming the contacts 40T and 40S of Figs. 7 and 8, respectively.
  • a sheet 60 from which the lower rigid contact portions 42T and 42S are to be formed has an edge portion skived, to a reduced thickness as by a cutting wheel 62 or the like to form edge 64 of reduced thickness; plate 60 may originally have a uniform thickness of approximately .024 inch.
  • a thinner sheet 66 from which the contact terminal portions 52 and 53 are to be formed is secured as by electron welding or the like to the edge portion 64 of reduced thickness.
  • the assembled sheets are blanked into the comb- like arrangement 71 of Fig. 9C.
  • the comb 71 formed of sheets 60 and 66 of berylium copper may then be surface plated as represented by Fig. 9D with a desired electrically conductive material such as gold or the like.
  • the comb is then formed so as to form the reverse bends in the thinner contact terminal portions as well as the offset locking tabs 44 employed for locking or anchoring each resulting contact in its respective insulator opening.
  • a contact projection P may also be formed in each contact 40T, 40S on the ends of the terminal portions 52, 53.
  • the lower contact pins or post portions 42T and 42S which may be received in a mother board or serve as wire wraps, are received in a press fit in the base insulator openings.
  • the contact offset portions 44 By virtue of the contact offset portions 44 being forced past cross-ribs 45 in the pin- receiving insulator passageways, see Figs. 3 and 4, and fracturing the same as the ribs are traversed, the contacts are locked in a secure press fit with material remaining on the cross-ribs.
  • Such engagement eliminates the danger of damaging, as by cracking or the like, of the insulator body defining the pin openings if the body only was directly engaged in press-fit engagement.
  • the base 18 is assembled with the opposed cams 28R and 28L which engage cam followers 30R and 30L and together with handle 68 having pivot pin 70 and cam actuating pin 72 are assembled with the upper insulator 12 into the configuration of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the contact terminal portions 52 and 53 are received in the pockets 13 defined by the parallel barrier walls 15 of the upper insulator 12, see Figs. 1 and 13.
  • the lower portions of walls 15 extend laterally of central wall 31, see Figs. 3, 4, and 13 which extends beneath the length of the slot 14 and above which slot bottom B, see Figs. 3 and 4, is disposed.
  • the walls 15 also extend at right angles to the opposed slotted walls 39, 41, as previously noted and are integrally formed therewith.
  • Figure 11 also illustrates slots 31 in follower 30R (and which are also in follower 30L), for purposes of receiving reinforcing ribs 33 which are integrally formed with the undersurface of the top of upper housing 12 and the outer walls 37 and 43.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a reinforcing rib 33 in section. The spaced ribs 33 overlie the shorter slots 38S. The ribs serve to dissipate the forces exerted by the cam followers tending to wedge the outer walls apart as the contact terminal portions 52, 53 are cammed inwardly.
  • the ribs 33 also serve the function of cam follower alignment when being received in the follower slots 31.
  • the actuating handle 68 is in the horizontal position of Fig. 1.
  • the cam strips slidably mounted between the upper housing 12 and the base 18, are pulled to the left by virtue of the engagement of actuating handle pins 70 with oval openings 76 of the enlarged cam ends.
  • the handle 68 possesses spaced pivot pins 74 as illustrated in the sectional view of Fig. 10 mounted in the spaced bearing walls 77. Walls 77 are molded integrally with the connector base 18 as clearly seen in Figs. 6 and 10. Accordingly, upon pivoting the handle upwardly, the cam is driven to the left in Figs. 1 and 2, resulting in elevation of the cam followers 30R and 30L.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the slidable movement or "wipe" W which the terminal portions of the contacts effect on the surface of a circuit board in the course of being urged inwardly by the actuating cam followers. It is apparent from Fig. 5 that each contact terminal portion has a significant force component effected normal to the board's surface as well as a wiping action effected parallel to the board's surface as the contact terminal portions move upwardly.
  • the desired force components effect a desired wiping action removing any contamination on the board's surface and an efficient electrical contact is assured between the board's circuitry and the contact as a result of the high normal contact force exerted.
  • contact terminal portions 52 or 53 may effect a load of approximately 150 grams on the engaged board, employing the connector construction above described.
  • a total force in excess of 80 pounds may be applied by a system having opposed rows of contacts as above described. It is apparent that a significant force tending to wedge the outer walls of the upper housing apart results during the contact camming action wherein all a contacts are cammed inwardly simultaneously.
  • novel connector construction employs an efficient assembly of an integrally formed upper housing which receives cam followers and reciprocally movable cams in the wall portions thereof. Such housing is nevertheless able to resist the forenoted forces without fracture of the housing walls by employing the novel reinforcing ribs 33. The ribs dissipate any generated forces within the housing with the absence of any resulting damage.
  • retaining means must be employed for insuring a desired card-connector assembly.
  • Any of a variety of retention means may be employed for retaining a connector such as printed circuit board to the connector.
  • Such retention means may comprise a tongue and groove interconnection between the inserted board and the connector, a friction cam means whereby the card is frictionally retained to the connector, or locking pins which may traverse the board and secure the same to the connector housing.
  • Such retention means are well known in the art and need not be described in detail in connection with the provided connector.
  • the wiping action described has a tendency to separate the upper insulator 12 from the lower insulatcr 18.
  • means such as interconnecting nut and bolt assemblies or the illustrated clip means 98 of Fig. 6 the drawing may be employed for maintaining the connector elements in a desired state of assembly.
  • the clips 98 are substantially C shaped in cross section as more clearly seen from Fig. 6 of the drawing and have terminal lip portions 100 adapted to be received in cooperating recesses along the edges of opposite sides of the upper housing 12 and the base 18.
  • the various exterior surfaces of the connector which normally would lie beneath the inner surface of the clips 98 may be appropriately relieved as indicated by the recesses 102 formed in the outer surfaces of the upper housing 112, the cams 28 and the insulator base 18 as viewed in Fig. 6.
  • the recess in the cam must, of course, be of a greater length to allow the necessary reciprocal movement indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawing.
  • the reinforcing ribs 33 are disposed between every two contacts 40T as illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • the provided connector is composed of a relatively small number of parts comprising an integrally molded upper housing 12 illustrated in Fig. 6, to which the remaining elements of Fig. 6 are assembled and maintained in a state of assembly by the clips 98.
  • the materials of the fabrication may be any suitable plastic having the desired physical properties such as moldability, strength characteristics, etc.
  • a suitable material of fabrication for the upper housing 12 and base 18 is a polyphenylene sulfide sold under the trade name Ryton by Phillips Petroleum Company, the reciprocally movable cams and cam followers should preferably be fabricated of or coated with a material having a low coefficient of friction.

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  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
EP85303419A 1984-07-16 1985-05-15 Ohne Einführungskraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder Withdrawn EP0168922A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63103384A 1984-07-16 1984-07-16
US631033 1984-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0168922A2 true EP0168922A2 (de) 1986-01-22
EP0168922A3 EP0168922A3 (de) 1987-11-04

Family

ID=24529513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85303419A Withdrawn EP0168922A3 (de) 1984-07-16 1985-05-15 Ohne Einführungskraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0168922A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS6127074A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0273683A2 (de) * 1986-12-26 1988-07-06 Fujitsu Limited Elektrischer Steckverbinder
EP0307521A1 (de) * 1987-09-15 1989-03-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ohne Einführkraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder
AU600026B2 (en) * 1987-09-16 1990-08-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Zero insertion force connector
WO1997022163A1 (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-19 The Whitaker Corporation Printed circuit board edge card connector
WO1998012775A1 (en) * 1996-09-23 1998-03-26 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Electrical connector with variable plug retention mechanism
EP0840399A2 (de) * 1996-11-05 1998-05-06 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Flachprofilverbindersystem
EP2869403A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-05-06 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH Kontaktelement für einen Steckverbinder und Anordnung mit einem Kontaktelement
WO2016018709A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiple row connector with zero insertion force

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5880881B2 (ja) * 2013-04-04 2016-03-09 株式会社デンソー 電子制御装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2366714A1 (fr) * 1976-09-29 1978-04-28 Bonhomme F R Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de connexion electrique separables
FR2368202A1 (fr) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Connecteur femelle pour circuit imprime double face
US4196955A (en) * 1979-02-07 1980-04-08 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Zero insertion force connector
EP0015696A2 (de) * 1979-03-06 1980-09-17 AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) Elektrisches Anschlusselement und Randverbinder für eine Leiterplatte mit solchen Elementen
US4428635A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-01-31 Amp Incorporated One piece zif connector
EP0121000A1 (de) * 1983-03-03 1984-10-10 International Business Machines Corporation Schaltungsplatte und Steckverbinder
EP0139101A2 (de) * 1983-10-26 1985-05-02 International Business Machines Corporation Steckervorrichtung zum örtlichen Anordnen zweier gegenüberliegender Kanten eines Bauelemententrägers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2366714A1 (fr) * 1976-09-29 1978-04-28 Bonhomme F R Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de connexion electrique separables
FR2368202A1 (fr) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Connecteur femelle pour circuit imprime double face
US4196955A (en) * 1979-02-07 1980-04-08 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Zero insertion force connector
EP0015696A2 (de) * 1979-03-06 1980-09-17 AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) Elektrisches Anschlusselement und Randverbinder für eine Leiterplatte mit solchen Elementen
US4428635A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-01-31 Amp Incorporated One piece zif connector
EP0121000A1 (de) * 1983-03-03 1984-10-10 International Business Machines Corporation Schaltungsplatte und Steckverbinder
EP0139101A2 (de) * 1983-10-26 1985-05-02 International Business Machines Corporation Steckervorrichtung zum örtlichen Anordnen zweier gegenüberliegender Kanten eines Bauelemententrägers

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0273683A2 (de) * 1986-12-26 1988-07-06 Fujitsu Limited Elektrischer Steckverbinder
EP0273683A3 (en) * 1986-12-26 1989-06-21 Fujitsu Limited An electrical connector
EP0307521A1 (de) * 1987-09-15 1989-03-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ohne Einführkraft kontaktierbarer Steckverbinder
AU600026B2 (en) * 1987-09-16 1990-08-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Zero insertion force connector
WO1997022163A1 (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-19 The Whitaker Corporation Printed circuit board edge card connector
WO1998012775A1 (en) * 1996-09-23 1998-03-26 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Electrical connector with variable plug retention mechanism
EP0840399A2 (de) * 1996-11-05 1998-05-06 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Flachprofilverbindersystem
EP0840399A3 (de) * 1996-11-05 1999-08-18 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Flachprofilverbindersystem
EP2869403A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-05-06 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH Kontaktelement für einen Steckverbinder und Anordnung mit einem Kontaktelement
WO2016018709A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiple row connector with zero insertion force
US10236613B2 (en) 2014-07-29 2019-03-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiple row connector with zero insertion force
US10658779B2 (en) 2014-07-29 2020-05-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiple row connector with zero insertion force

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6127074A (ja) 1986-02-06
EP0168922A3 (de) 1987-11-04

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Inventor name: LAUBACH, WILLIAM FREDERICK