EP0166506B1

EP0166506B1 - Breakaway fluid system

Info

Publication number: EP0166506B1
Application number: EP85302302A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Russell L. Rogers
Original assignee: Aeroquip AG
Current assignee: Aeroquip AG
Priority date: 1984-06-27
Filing date: 1985-04-02
Publication date: 1989-02-15
Also published as: EP0166506A3; US4549575A; MX163558B; EP0166506A2; CA1251235A; JPS6124891A

Description

Self-sealing "breakaway" fluid couplings are utilised in applications where tension forces applied to conduits will rupture the conduits, or associated fittings. Such couplings are used with agricultural equipment such as tractor-drawn farm implements having automatic releasing hitches, and breakaway couplings are often required by aircraft specifications for "crashworthy" fuel systems whereby fuel tanks are interconnected by breakaway couplings to prevent fuel loss during impact.
Crashworthy couplings may utilise frangible components for maintaining the coupling parts connected during normal use, or reusable couplings may employ spring biased locking structures released by tension forces.
It is an object of the invention to provide a breakaway or crashworthy fluid coupling which is dependable in operation and economical to manufacture and assemble.
US-A-2 705 159 discloses a self-sealing breakaway fluid coupling in accordance with the prior art portion of claim 1. As compared therewith, the present invention, as.,characterised in claim 1, provides a simplified structure particularly suited for use with flexible hose and providing a more reliable sealing action, particularly in its coupled state.
The preferred latching structure as later described in detail includes radially movable detents in the form of balls, the annular operating member acting as a retainer for radially positioning the ball detents in the locked condition of the coupling.
The spring which biases the operating member toward the detent retaining position is such that sufficient axial force imposed upon the conduit attached to the operating member displaces the operating member to permit release of the detents, and disengagement of the coupling parts.
As the operating member is sealed with respect to its associated body part, the coupling is fluid tight, and the direct association of the conduit with the latch operating member produces a concise assembly of low cost and dependable operation.
The aforementioned objects and advantages of the invention will be appreciated from the following description and accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a coupling in accord with the invention illustrated in the interconnected locked condition, the upper half of the coupling being shown in section, and
Fig. 2 is an elevational detail view, partially sectioned illustrating the coupling components in a released condition during the initial stage of disengagement.

In the drawings, the coupling 10 is illustrated as interconnecting tanks 12 and 14, such as fuel tanks of an aircraft. The tank 12 includes a flexible hose conduit 16 while the tank 14 includes in its system a flexible hose conduit 18. The coupling interconnects the flexible conduits 16 and 18, and it is the purpose of the coupling 10 to be crashworthy wherein upon impact and displacement of the tanks and tensioning of the hoses, the coupling releases with minimum fuel loss to reduce the fire hazard.
The coupling 10 includes annular body parts 20 and 22, and each body part includes a spider 24 supporting self-sealing valve structure biased toward a closed condition by a compression spring 26. The valve 28 moves to the right, Fig. 1, to seal against the conical surface 30, while the valve 32 of the body part 22 seals against the conical surface 34.
A bridging insert 36 is placed between the valves as the body parts are coupled whereby interconnection of the body parts axially positions the valves 28 and 32 in their fully opened condition as represented in Fig. I.
The coupling latching structure includes a plurality of ball detents 37 retained within holes defined in the nose 38 of part 22, and such ball detents are well known in the coupling art.
An annular groove 40 is defined in the nose 41 of part 20 for receiving the ball detents 37 when the coupling parts are in the fully coupled position, and the detents are maintained within the groove 40 by an annular cylindrical retaining surface 42 defined upon the latch operating member 44.
The operating member 44 includes a groove 46 adjacent the retaining surface 42 for receiving the detents 37 to permit release thereof from the groove 40, and the member includes an outer region 48 which overlies the nose 41 of the part 20 and the part cylindrical surface 50. An annular seal 52 defined in the outer region of the member 44 sealingly slidingly engages the surface 50.
The member 44 is biased toward the left, Fig. 1, by a compression spring 54 interposed between body part 22 and member 44 and the member is sealed to the body part 22 by sealed ring 56 engaging cylindrical surface 57 by member 44.
The inner end region of the member 44 includes an annular recess 58 and the flexible hose 18 is compressed into the recess and maintained therein by compression band 60 whereby a sealing relationship exists between the member 44 and the flexible hose 18.
The flexible hose 16 is sealingly attached to the cylindrical recess 62 defined on the body part 20, and compression band 64 assures a sealed relationship with the body part.
To couple the body parts together the bridging insert 36 is located between the valves 28 and 32, and the operating member 44 is manually moved. to the right to align the groove 46 with the ball detents 37. Thereupon, the nose 41 may be inserted within the outer region 48 of the member 44 until the groove 40 aligns with the ball detents, and the member 44 may be released for movement to the left by the action of spring 54 permitting the oblique surface of the groove 46 to force the detents 37 into the groove 40, and aligning the ball detents with the retaining surface 2 to maintain the body parts locked in the fully coupled operative condition of Fig. 1.
In the event of a crash or impact sufficient to excessively tension the hoses 16 or 18, the direct attachment of the hose 18 to the operating member 44 will pull the operating member to the right upon body part 22 compressing spring 54, and upon the alignment of the groove 46 with the ball detents 37 the balls will be forced into the groove 46 and the body parts will uncouple. As the body parts uncouple, the springs 26 bias the valves 28 and 32 toward their seats 30 and 34, respectively, and the body parts will self-seal with minimal fuel loss.
The direct attachment of the hose 18 to the operating member 44 insures the desired releasing operation of the coupling, and minimizes the coupling structure required to achieve the desired result while maintaining a concise coupling configuration. As the operating member is sealed with respect to both body parts, no fluid loss will occur during normal conditions, and the coupling has a clean attractive appearance free of protuberances which might hamper the releasing operation.

Claims

1. A self-sealing breakaway fluid coupling comprising first and second body parts (20, 22) each having a flow passage therethrough communicating between a conduit attachment end and a connecting end of the respective body part, a spring biased self-closing valve (28, 32) within each connecting end, said valves (28, 32) being mutually engageable to hold each other open upon the parts being interconnected, releasable locking means (37, 40, 42) interposed between said body parts for selectively locking the body parts in interconnected relationship, said locking means comprising an axially displaceable annular operating member (44) mounted on said second body part (32) for axial movement relative thereto between a locking position and a release position, annular sealing means (56) being provided to seal between the second body part and the operating member, and spring means (54) biasing the operating member toward its locking position, the operating member and second body part being axially relatively movable against said spring bias upon said body parts being urged apart, respective conduit connecting means being provided on the first body part and the operating member, characterised in that second annular sealing means (52) are carried by the operating member (44) to seal with the first body part (28) in the connected condition of the coupling, the conduits are hose conduits (16, 18), and the conduit connecting means respectively comprise an annular recess (62, 58) defined in the outer surface of the attachment ends of the first body part (28) and the operating member (44) and compression bands (64, 60) respectively cooperable with each recess (62, 58) for compressing respective hose conduit ends into said recesses in sealed relationship therewith.

2. A self-sealing breakaway fluid coupling as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said operating member (44) includes an outer open region encompassing a portion of said first body part (28) when said body parts are coupled and an inner region concentric to said second body part (32), said hose conduit (18) being sealingly affixed to said operating member inner region which includes a cylindrical inner surface, said second sealing means comprising an annular seal ring (56) mounted upon said second body part (32) engaging said cylindrical inner surface.