EP0162754B1 - Electronic tube having a device for cooling the grid base - Google Patents

Electronic tube having a device for cooling the grid base Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0162754B1
EP0162754B1 EP85400798A EP85400798A EP0162754B1 EP 0162754 B1 EP0162754 B1 EP 0162754B1 EP 85400798 A EP85400798 A EP 85400798A EP 85400798 A EP85400798 A EP 85400798A EP 0162754 B1 EP0162754 B1 EP 0162754B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
grid
connection
cooling
annular component
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Expired
Application number
EP85400798A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0162754A1 (en
Inventor
Roger Hoet
Pierre Gerlach
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/74—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to electronic tubes, in particular to electronic power tubes operating at frequencies of the order of a few hundred megahertz.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a means allowing the internal cooling of the base of certain electrodes of the tube.
  • the electronic tubes to which the present invention applies are vacuum tubes essentially constituted by coaxial cylindrical electrodes comprising an anode 1, a screen grid 2 known as grid G z , a control grid 3 known as grid G, and a cathode 4.
  • These different electrodes are connected to the outside of the tube by circular metal connections 5, 6, 7, 8 separated from each other by insulators 9,10,11,12 preferably made of ceramic and moreover ensuring the l sealing of the tube.
  • These metal connections 5, 6, 7, 8 are, in general, constituted by stamped parts in the form of cups and are soldered on the insulators.
  • the metal connections are connected to different voltage sources which are not shown and are used respectively for the passage of the cathode heating current and for the circulation of high frequency currents.
  • connections are cooled by injecting compressed air on the head of the tube. In most cases, this cooling is sufficient to maintain the connections and the solder of these connections to the insulators at a sufficiently low temperature which does not deteriorate them.
  • the heating zones due to current “bellies” inside the tube are not cooled.
  • the heating is such that it brings the metal parts to a high temperature, the resistance to the passage of the current increasing the temperature.
  • the temperature increase can be such that the vapor pressure of the metals in which the electrodes are made are reached. In this case, there is emission of gas, which leads to at least local deterioration of the vacuum and a shutdown of the tube.
  • the calories generated on the grids, and more particularly on the control grid, by the current "bellies" can only be evacuated by radiation on the envelope of the tube or by conduction in the outlet connection.
  • the connections are generally made of a thin iron-nickel-cobalt alloy so as to be easily soldered with the adjoining ceramic insulators.
  • the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy is a poor conductor of heat.
  • the connections have small thicknesses. This therefore results in a very limited evacuation of calories.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks by providing a cooling system internal to the tube and to the part to be cooled, making it possible to remove most of the calories generated on the grids and in particular on the control grid.
  • the subject of the present invention is an electronic tube with coaxial electrodes comprising a cathode successively surrounded by at least one grid and one anode, the electrodes being respectively coupled to the outside by coaxial connections, a means of connection between the grid and its connection and at least one means of cooling by circulation of fluid for cooling the grid and its connection, characterized in that the connection means comprises on the side of the connection a solid annular part and in that the cooling means comprises a pipe internal to the annular part, for the passage of the cooling fluid, this pipe being connected to at least one supply tube and a fluid discharge tube opening towards the outside of the tube.
  • the cathode 4 has a cylindrical sleeve 40 formed in a known manner by a lattice of crossed wires, for example, in thorium tungsten or not.
  • the two ends of the sleeve are fixed respectively on two metal plates, only the lower plate 41 having been shown.
  • the lower plate is connected via a cylindrical skirt 42 made for example of tantalum or molybdenum to the metal connection 7.
  • the upper plate is connected by the rods 43, 43 'to the connection 8 The potential difference applied between connections 7 and 8 ensures that the cathode is brought up to temperature and maintained.
  • the cathode 4 is surrounded by a control grid 3, called grid G, made for example of metal or of pyrolytic graphite.
  • this grid 3 is connected to its outlet connection 6 by means of a solid annular part 30.
  • This annular part 30 has a triangular sectional shape and is provided, at its base, especially its periphery, with an internal pipe 31 intended to receive the cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid is sent and evacuated from the pipe 31 by means of at least one supply tube 34 and a evacuation tube of the fluid not shown.
  • These two tubes made, for example, of nickel or copper can be positioned one beside the other or symmetrically with respect to the axis of the tube. In all cases, the tubes pass through the connection 6 on which they are brazed.
  • the massive piece is made of metal, preferably copper. According to a preferred embodiment, it is extended on the side of its base by an annular lip 32 provided with slots 33 to absorb the differences in expansion between the metal of the connection 6, preferably an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, and the copper.
  • the grid 3 is fixed to the thinned part of the part 30 by means of screws 35 while the lip 32 is fixed to the connection 6 by soldering.
  • the grid-connection junction is cooled, which makes it possible to evacuate the calories created at this level by the “bellies” of current which occur there during operation. An improvement in the performance of the electronic tube is therefore obtained.
  • the present invention can be used in all electronic power tubes such as triodes, tetrades or pentodes, requiring significant cooling.

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  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement aux tubes électroniques, notamment aux tubes électroniques de puissance fonctionnant à des fréquences de l'ordre de quelques centaines de mégahertz.The present invention relates to an improvement to electronic tubes, in particular to electronic power tubes operating at frequencies of the order of a few hundred megahertz.

La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un moyen permettant le refroidissement interne de l'embase de certaines électrodes du tube.The present invention relates more particularly to a means allowing the internal cooling of the base of certain electrodes of the tube.

Comme représenté schématiquement sur la fig. 1 qui concerne une tétrode de puissance, les tubes électroniques auxquels s'applique la présente invention sont des tubes à vide constitués essentiellement par des électrodes cylindriques coaxiales comprenant une anode 1, une grille écran 2 dite grille Gz, une grille de commande 3 dite grille G, et une cathode 4.As shown schematically in FIG. 1 which relates to a power tetrode, the electronic tubes to which the present invention applies are vacuum tubes essentially constituted by coaxial cylindrical electrodes comprising an anode 1, a screen grid 2 known as grid G z , a control grid 3 known as grid G, and a cathode 4.

Ces différentes électrodes sont reliées à l'extérieur du tube par des connexions métalliques circulaires 5, 6, 7, 8 séparées les unes des autres par des isolateurs 9,10,11,12 réalisés, de préférence, en céramique et assurant de plus l'étanchéité du tube. Ces connexions métalliques 5, 6, 7, 8 sont, en général, constituées par des pièces embouties en forme de coupelles et sont brasées sur les isolateurs.These different electrodes are connected to the outside of the tube by circular metal connections 5, 6, 7, 8 separated from each other by insulators 9,10,11,12 preferably made of ceramic and moreover ensuring the l sealing of the tube. These metal connections 5, 6, 7, 8 are, in general, constituted by stamped parts in the form of cups and are soldered on the insulators.

Les connexions métalliques sont reliées à différentes sources de tension non représentées et servent respectivement au passage du courant de chauffage de la cathode et à la circulation des courants hautes fréquences.The metal connections are connected to different voltage sources which are not shown and are used respectively for the passage of the cathode heating current and for the circulation of high frequency currents.

Cependant, le chauffage de la cathode et la circulation des courants hautes fréquences sont générateurs de calories et ces calories sont évacuées par conduction en direction des connexions métalliques.However, the heating of the cathode and the circulation of high frequency currents generate calories and these calories are evacuated by conduction in the direction of the metal connections.

Habituellement, on refroidit les connexions en injectant de l'air comprimé sur la tête du tube. Dans la plupart des cas, ce refroidissement est suffisant pour maintenir les connexions et la brasure de ces connexions aux isolateurs à une température suffisamment basse qui ne les détériore pas.Usually, the connections are cooled by injecting compressed air on the head of the tube. In most cases, this cooling is sufficient to maintain the connections and the solder of these connections to the insulators at a sufficiently low temperature which does not deteriorate them.

Toutefois, le fonctionnement en hyperfréquence de ce type de tube donne lieu à une répartition sinusoïdale des courants électriques de surface. En conséquence, certaines zones de ces surfaces qui correspondent à un «ventre» de courant où l'intensité est maximale, sont soumises à un échauffement local intense.However, the microwave operation of this type of tube gives rise to a sinusoidal distribution of the surface electric currents. Consequently, certain zones of these surfaces which correspond to a “belly” of current where the intensity is maximum, are subjected to an intense local heating.

Dans certaines cas de fonctionnement, ces ventres de courant sont situés au niveau des connexions. En conséquence, on a proposé dans la demande de brevet français n° 8121804 un système de refroidissement extérieur au tube constitué par un tuyau en forme de spire parcouru par un fluide de refroidissement et mis en contact, de préférence par soudure, avec la connexion de l'électrode à refroidir.In certain operating cases, these current bellies are located at the connections. Consequently, in French patent application No. 8121804, a cooling system external to the tube has been proposed, consisting of a coil-shaped pipe traversed by a cooling fluid and brought into contact, preferably by welding, with the connection of the electrode to be cooled.

Avec ce système de refroidissement, on arrive a éliminer une quantité importante de calories, en particulier, lorsque l'on se trouve à proximité d'un «ventre« de courant.With this cooling system, we manage to eliminate a significant amount of calories, in particular, when we are near a current "belly".

Toutefois, les zones d'échauffement dues à des «ventres» de courant se trouvant à l'intérieur du tube ne sont pas refroidies. Or, dans certains cas, l'échauffement est tel qu'il amène les pièces métalliques à une température élevée, la résistance au passage du courant augmentant la température. Ainsi, l'augmentation de température peut être telle que la tension de vapeur des métaux dans lesquels sont réalisées les électrodes soient atteintes. Dans ce cas, il y a émission de gaz, ce qui entraîne une détérioration au moins local du vide et une mise hors service du tube.However, the heating zones due to current “bellies” inside the tube are not cooled. However, in certain cases, the heating is such that it brings the metal parts to a high temperature, the resistance to the passage of the current increasing the temperature. Thus, the temperature increase can be such that the vapor pressure of the metals in which the electrodes are made are reached. In this case, there is emission of gas, which leads to at least local deterioration of the vacuum and a shutdown of the tube.

D'autre part, dans les tubes électroniques de puissance de type connu, les calories générées sur les grilles, et plus particulièrement sur la grille de commande, par les «ventres» de courant ne peuvent être évacuées que par rayonnement sur l'enveloppe du tube ou par conduction dans la connexion de sortie. Or les connexions sont en général réalisées en un alliage de fer-nickel-cobalt de faible épaisseur de manière à se braser facilement avec les isolateurs en céramique contigus. Or l'alliage de fer-nickel-cobalt est un mauvais conducteur de la chaleur. De plus, les connexions ont des épaisseurs faibles. Il en résulte donc une évacuation très limitée des calories.On the other hand, in electronic power tubes of known type, the calories generated on the grids, and more particularly on the control grid, by the current "bellies" can only be evacuated by radiation on the envelope of the tube or by conduction in the outlet connection. However, the connections are generally made of a thin iron-nickel-cobalt alloy so as to be easily soldered with the adjoining ceramic insulators. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy is a poor conductor of heat. In addition, the connections have small thicknesses. This therefore results in a very limited evacuation of calories.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus en prévoyant un système de refroidissement interne au tube et à la pièce à refroidir, permettant d'évacuer la plupart des calories générées sur les grilles et notamment sur la grille de commande.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks by providing a cooling system internal to the tube and to the part to be cooled, making it possible to remove most of the calories generated on the grids and in particular on the control grid.

En conséquence, la présente invention a pour objet un tube électronique à électrodes coaxiales comportant une cathode entourée successivement par au moins une grille et une anode, les électrodes étant respectivement couplées à l'extérieur par des connexions coaxiales, un moyen de raccordement entre la grille et sa connexion et au moins un moyen de refroidissement par circulation de fluide pour refroidir la grille et sa connexion, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de raccordement comporte du côté de la connexion une pièce massive annulaire et en ce que le moyen de refroidissement comporte une canalisation interne à la pièce annulaire, pour le passage du fluide dé refroidissement, cette canalisation étant reliée à au moins un tube d'amenée et un tube d'évacuation du fluide débouchant vers l'extérieur du tube.Consequently, the subject of the present invention is an electronic tube with coaxial electrodes comprising a cathode successively surrounded by at least one grid and one anode, the electrodes being respectively coupled to the outside by coaxial connections, a means of connection between the grid and its connection and at least one means of cooling by circulation of fluid for cooling the grid and its connection, characterized in that the connection means comprises on the side of the connection a solid annular part and in that the cooling means comprises a pipe internal to the annular part, for the passage of the cooling fluid, this pipe being connected to at least one supply tube and a fluid discharge tube opening towards the outside of the tube.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description d'un mode de réalisation faite avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés dans lesquels:

  • la fig. 1 déjà décrite, est une vue en coupe schématique d'un tube électronique auquel s'applique l'invention, et
  • la fig. 2 est une vue en coupe agrandie d'une moitié d'embase d'un tube électronique muni d'un moyen de refroidissement conforme à la présente invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description of an embodiment made with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • fig. 1 already described, is a schematic sectional view of an electronic tube to which the invention applies, and
  • fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a half of the base of an electronic tube provided with a cooling means according to the present invention.

Sur les figures, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments.In the figures, the same references designate the same elements.

Dans le mode de réalisation représentée à la fig. 2, la cathode 4 comporte un manchon cylindrique 40 formé de manière connue par un treillis de fils croisés, par exemple, en tungstène thorié ou non. Les deux extrémités du manchon sont fixées respectivement sur deux plateaux métalliques, seul le plateau inférieur 41 ayant été représenté.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the cathode 4 has a cylindrical sleeve 40 formed in a known manner by a lattice of crossed wires, for example, in thorium tungsten or not. The two ends of the sleeve are fixed respectively on two metal plates, only the lower plate 41 having been shown.

Le plateau inférieur est relié par l'intermédiaire d'une jupe cylindrique 42 réalisée par exemple en tantale ou en molybdène à la connexion métallique 7. D'autre part, le plateau supérieur est relié par les tiges 43, 43' à la connexion 8. La différence de potentiel appliquée entre les connexions 7 et 8 assure la mise et le maintien en température de la cathode.The lower plate is connected via a cylindrical skirt 42 made for example of tantalum or molybdenum to the metal connection 7. On the other hand, the upper plate is connected by the rods 43, 43 'to the connection 8 The potential difference applied between connections 7 and 8 ensures that the cathode is brought up to temperature and maintained.

De manière connue, la cathode 4 est entourée par une grille de commande 3 dite grille G, réalisée par exemple en métal ou en graphite pyroly- tique.In a known manner, the cathode 4 is surrounded by a control grid 3, called grid G, made for example of metal or of pyrolytic graphite.

Conformément à la présente invention, cette grille 3 est reliée à sa connexion de sortie 6 par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce annulaire massive 30.According to the present invention, this grid 3 is connected to its outlet connection 6 by means of a solid annular part 30.

Cette pièce annulaire 30 présente une forme en coupe triangulaire et est munie, à sa base, surtout son pourtour d'une canalisation interne 31 destinée à recevoir le fluide de refroidissement.This annular part 30 has a triangular sectional shape and is provided, at its base, especially its periphery, with an internal pipe 31 intended to receive the cooling fluid.

Le fluide de refroidissement est envoyé et évacué de la canalisation 31 par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un tube d'amenée 34 et d'un tube d'évacuation du fluide non représenté. Ces deux tubes réalisés, par exemple, en nickel ou en cuivre peuvent être positionnés l'un à côté de l'autre ou symmétriquement par rapport à l'axe du tube. Dans tous les cas, les tubes traversent la connexion 6 sur laquelle ils sont brasés.The cooling fluid is sent and evacuated from the pipe 31 by means of at least one supply tube 34 and a evacuation tube of the fluid not shown. These two tubes made, for example, of nickel or copper can be positioned one beside the other or symmetrically with respect to the axis of the tube. In all cases, the tubes pass through the connection 6 on which they are brazed.

La pièce massive est réalisée en métal, de préférence en cuivre. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, elle se prolonge du côté de sa base par une lèvre annulaire 32 munie de fentes 33 pour absorber les différences de dilatation entre le métal de la connexion 6, de préférence un alliage fer-nickel-cobalt, et le cuivre.The massive piece is made of metal, preferably copper. According to a preferred embodiment, it is extended on the side of its base by an annular lip 32 provided with slots 33 to absorb the differences in expansion between the metal of the connection 6, preferably an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, and the copper.

Comme représenté sur la fig. 2, la grille 3 est fixée sur la partie amincie de la pièce 30 par l'intermédiaire de vis 35 tandis que la lèvre 32 est fixée sur la connexion 6 par brasure.As shown in fig. 2, the grid 3 is fixed to the thinned part of the part 30 by means of screws 35 while the lip 32 is fixed to the connection 6 by soldering.

D'autre part, les différentes connexions 6, 7, 8 sont brasées sur des isolateurs en céramique 9, 10.On the other hand, the different connections 6, 7, 8 are soldered on ceramic insulators 9, 10.

Avec le moyen de refroidissement décrit ci-dessus, on refroidit la jonction grille-connexion, ce qui permet d'évacuer les calories créées à ce niveau par les «ventres» de courant qui s'y produisent lors du fonctionnement. On obtient donc une amélioration des performances du tube électronique.With the cooling means described above, the grid-connection junction is cooled, which makes it possible to evacuate the calories created at this level by the “bellies” of current which occur there during operation. An improvement in the performance of the electronic tube is therefore obtained.

La présente invention, a été décrit en se référant à la grille de commande. Toutefois, il est évident pour l'homme de l'art qu'un moyen de refroidissement identique peut être utilisé entre la grille écran et sa connexion ou entre tout autre grille et sa connexion bien que dans ce cas il y ait moins de calories à évacuer.The present invention has been described with reference to the control grid. However, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that an identical cooling means can be used between the screen grid and its connection or between any other grid and its connection although in this case there are fewer calories to clear out.

De plus, la présente invention peut être utilisée dans tous tubes électroniques de puissance tels que triodes, têtrodes ou pentodes, nécessitant un refroidissement important.In addition, the present invention can be used in all electronic power tubes such as triodes, tetrades or pentodes, requiring significant cooling.

Claims (3)

1. An electronic tube having coaxial electrodes and in particular a cathode (4) surrounded successively by at least one grid (2, 3) and an anode (1), the electrodes (1, 2, 3, 4) being respectively coupled to the outside via coaxial connections (5, 6, 7, 8) the tube further comprising a link means between the grid (2, 3) and its connection (5, 6) and at least one cooling means using a fluid circulation (30, 31) in order to cool down the grid and its connection, characterized in that the link means comprises close to the connection (5, 6) a solid annular component (30) and that the cooling means comprises a duct (31) inside the annular component through which the cooling fluid passes, this duct being connected to at least one inlet tube (34) and one outlet tube for discharging the fluid to the outside of the tube.
2. An electronic tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular component (30) is made of copper.
3. An electronic tube according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the annular component (30) comprises close to the grid connection (6) an annular lip (32) supplied with slots (33) and fixed to the grid connection (6) in order to absorb the expansion differences between the annular component (30) and the grid connection (6).
EP85400798A 1984-05-09 1985-04-24 Electronic tube having a device for cooling the grid base Expired EP0162754B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8407105A FR2564240B1 (en) 1984-05-09 1984-05-09 ELECTRONIC TUBE PROVIDED WITH A GRID BASE COOLING DEVICE
FR8407105 1984-05-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0162754A1 EP0162754A1 (en) 1985-11-27
EP0162754B1 true EP0162754B1 (en) 1988-06-01

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EP85400798A Expired EP0162754B1 (en) 1984-05-09 1985-04-24 Electronic tube having a device for cooling the grid base

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US (1) US4644217A (en)
EP (1) EP0162754B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60243931A (en)
DE (1) DE3563146D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2564240B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3625843A1 (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-02-11 Siemens Ag UMBRELLA ELECTRON TUBES, IN PARTICULAR TRANSMITTING TEDRODE, HIGH PERFORMANCE AND HIGH FREQUENCIES
FR2627899B1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-06-22 Thomson Csf ELECTRONIC TUBE COOLED BY CIRCULATION OF A FLUID
FR2655790B1 (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-01-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques GRILLE TUBE WITH IMPROVED YIELD.
GB2397691B (en) * 2003-01-24 2005-08-10 Leica Microsys Lithography Ltd Cooling of a device for influencing an electron beam
CN103608889B (en) * 2011-07-04 2017-02-15 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 An electron beam emitter with a cooling flange, and a method of cooling an electron beam emitter
DE102017217181B3 (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-10-11 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Steh anode for an X-ray source and X-ray source

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2790102A (en) * 1955-10-04 1957-04-23 Dunlee Corp X-ray tube anode
US3309556A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-03-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluid-cooled traveling wave tube
FR1456604A (en) * 1965-07-20 1966-07-08 Rca Corp Improvements to electronic tubes
US3401292A (en) * 1966-06-17 1968-09-10 Fivre Valvole Radio Elett Spa Fluid cooled hollow cathode discharge tube
JPS455701Y1 (en) * 1967-10-02 1970-03-19
NL6912349A (en) * 1968-08-17 1970-02-19
US3805111A (en) * 1972-08-04 1974-04-16 V Ryabinin Microwave electron tube
US3866085A (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-02-11 Varian Associates Collector pole piece for a microwave linear beam tube
FR2517117A1 (en) * 1981-11-20 1983-05-27 Thomson Csf VHF electronic vacuum tube for radio-electrical generator - has cylindrical electrodes with spiral cooling fluid conduit soldered to underside of connections

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2564240B1 (en) 1986-09-19
FR2564240A1 (en) 1985-11-15
US4644217A (en) 1987-02-17
JPS60243931A (en) 1985-12-03
DE3563146D1 (en) 1988-07-07
EP0162754A1 (en) 1985-11-27

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