EP0158498A2 - Appareil respiratoire à oxygène comprimé en circuit fermé - Google Patents

Appareil respiratoire à oxygène comprimé en circuit fermé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158498A2
EP0158498A2 EP85302271A EP85302271A EP0158498A2 EP 0158498 A2 EP0158498 A2 EP 0158498A2 EP 85302271 A EP85302271 A EP 85302271A EP 85302271 A EP85302271 A EP 85302271A EP 0158498 A2 EP0158498 A2 EP 0158498A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passage
container
breathing
valve
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85302271A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0158498A3 (fr
Inventor
Josef A. Bartos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROMIRO TECHNOLOGY CORP
Original Assignee
ROMIRO TECHNOLOGY CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ROMIRO TECHNOLOGY CORP filed Critical ROMIRO TECHNOLOGY CORP
Publication of EP0158498A2 publication Critical patent/EP0158498A2/fr
Publication of EP0158498A3 publication Critical patent/EP0158498A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a closed circuit compressed oxygen breathing device for personnel escape use in emergency situations where sufficient oxygen is not available or toxic fumes are present.
  • the present invention provides a closed circuit compressed oxygen breathing device that is inexpensive to manufacture and therefore can be sold at a price low enough for common use, yet that contains a pressurized source of oxygen and a chemical scrubber for removing carbon dioxide.
  • the device is constructed to allow long term storage with assured reliability and without the need for maintenance. These features make the device practical for use in hotel rooms, office buildings, homes and the like, for each occupant.
  • the device provides a minimum of fifteen minutes of breathing, can be quickly activated with a breathable gas, and does not rely upon ambient atmosphere for initial or subsequent breathing use, as do many low cost closed system devices in which the air in the system is rebreathed.
  • a flow regulating valve controls the rate at which oxygen under pressure is admitted to a breathing chamber of the device under normal use.
  • a mechanically actuated admission valve to the breathing chamber bypasses the flow regulating valve to allow flow to enter the chamber at a high flow rate when the chamber is empty, as when initially activated for use, thereby allowing the user to rely on bottled oxygen rather than ambient gas, which may contain high concentrations of smoke or other toxic fumes, to fill the breathing chamber and provide the gas for subsequent rebreathing. This is especially important because often a user cannot gain access to the device before smoke is present. This arrangement also avoids the need for filters, by excluding all use of ambient atmosphere.
  • An inexpensive, compact construction is provided by a combined gauge, fill passage and safety relief port, and by the particular way a container is fabricated to form the breathing chamber and an integral scrubber.
  • the construction affords ease of assembly and allows the use of inexpensive injection molded and extruded parts and utilizes a one piece top member to the container that provides all the necessary passages for gas in-flow, breathing, pressure relief, and that supports the flow regulator and admission valve and thereby greatly simplifies fabrication and assembly.
  • a portable closed circuit compressed oxygen breathing apparatus 20 embodying the present invention is shown in the drawings.
  • the apparatus or device basically includes a pressure regulating valve assembly 22 on a bottle of compressed oxygen 24, the regulating valve assembly serving to reduce the pressure and supply it at a relativley constant reduced pressure to a container 26 with which the bottle 24 is partially nested and that houses a chemical air scrubber 28 and provides a breathing chamber 30, the chamber including a flexible wall or bag 32.
  • a breathing tube 34 communicates with the container 26 and a relief valve 36 formed in the upper container wall communicates with the breathing chamber 30 to allow escape of gas if the pressure within the breathing chamber exceeds a predetermined pressure.
  • the container 26 also houses a flow regulator 38 and admission valve assembly 40, by which a constant flow of pressurized oxygen is admitted into the breathing chamber during normal use, but by which an increased flow can be achieved when activating the unit or if the demand for oxygen exceeds that provided by the flow regulation.
  • a gauge block 42 and combined fill valve and safety vent assembly 42 cooperates with the regulating valve assembly 22, to indicate the pressure in the bottle 24, to facilitate filling the bottle, and to provide a safety vent in the event of excessive and dangerous buildup of pressure within the bottle, which typically is only a problem during shipping or if the unit is subjected to extreme heat.
  • the regulating valve assembly 22 allows regulated flow of oxygen under pressure when a hand wheel or knob 44 is rotated to open a flow orifice 46, at which time the bottle 24 supplies oxygen through the regulator and a tube 48 to the breathing chamber 30 of the container 26 via the admission valve assembly 40, which initially is open because the flexible bag 32 is in a collapsed condition.
  • the admission valve assembly 40 closes and further flow is only through the flow regulator 38 unless the volume of gas within the breathing chamber is significantly reduced.
  • the user inhales and exhales through the breathing tube 34 directly into and from the breathing chamber 30.
  • Carbon dioxide in the air exhaled is reduced by the chemical action of the scrubber 28, and additional oxygen to replace that used by the wearer of the device is supplied from the bottle 24 at the appropriate rate established by the pressure regulator and flow regulator. Any buildup of pressure by virtue of a greater flow to the chamber than is utilized by the user escapes through the relief valve 36. Otherwise, the system is entirely closed.
  • the breathing tube 34 has either a face mask or mouthpiece and nose clamp of conventional design, at the distal end (not shown) to limit breathing by the user to the gas within the system.
  • the regulator valve assembly 22 has a base member 50 with a partially threaded stem 52 received in the neck of the bottle 24, an intermediate ring 54 threaded to and surrounding the base member 50, and a cover member 56 threadedly connected to the intermediate ring 54.
  • a diaphragm 58 is clamped between the intermediate ring and the cover member.
  • the restrictive orifice 46 opens through a boss 60 within the base member 50 at the end of a central passage 62 through the stem 52.
  • a cylindrical skirt 64 of the diaphragm surrounds the boss in sealing relationship to an 0-ring 65 to form a chamber 66 on one side of the diaphragm.
  • the cover member 56 forms a second chamber 68 on the opposite side of the diaphragm.
  • the surface of the diaphragm that forms a wall of the chamber 68 is substantially larger than the area of the diaphragm that forms a wall portion of the chamber 66.
  • -Two apertures 70 extend through the diaphragm, communicating between the chambers 66, 68 and providing a path for the flow of gas under pressure from the orifice 61 to the chamber 68.
  • a nipple 72 provides a port from the chamber 68, to which the tube 48 is attached for carrying gas under pressure from the chamber 68 to the breathing chamber 30.
  • the orifice 46 has a tapered mouth 61 in which a steel ball 76 is received in sealing relationship when seated against the mouth.
  • An anvil 78 is carried by the diaphragm 58 and opposes the ball.
  • the pressure regulator When the pressure regulator is in a condition to allow flow, as shown in Figure 5, the anvil is spaced sufficiently above the ball and seat to allow the ball to be unseated by the pressure in the bottle 24, allowing flow through the restrictive orifice.
  • the pressure drop through the orifice is controlled by the diaphragm and anvil, which changes the orifice size by varying the distance the ball can move from the orifice mouth in response to the differential pressure between the chambers 66 and 68.
  • a manually adjustable stop 80 is provided on the end of a threaded shaft 82 in the cover member 56.
  • the shaft is rotated by the knob 44.
  • the anvil 78 is movable relative to the diaphragm, but a flange 78a transmits movement of the diaphragm toward the boss 60 to the anvil 78.
  • the diaphragm with this arrangement is not flexed when the manually adjusted stop 80 forces the anvil against the ball to seal the restrictive orifice 46 when the device is stored and not in use.
  • the use of the ball and anvil provides a tight seal with the restrictive orifice without critical alignment of the shaft 82.
  • An 0-ring 84 on the cover 56 encircled by the knob 44 serves through friction to prevent knob rotation relative to the cover due to vibration or the like, which might otherwise result in some backing off of the stop 80 and accompanying leakage of
  • the gauge block 42 is in the form of an annular body 86 with a central cylindrical opening 88 that receives the stem 52 of the regulating valve assembly 22.
  • a portion 52a of the stem is unthreaded and of the same axial length as the thickness or height of the annular body 86.
  • a cross bore 90 through the stem 52 is located approximately midway along the stem portion 52a.
  • the central opening 88 of the body 86 provides a clearance fit with the stem portion 52a and the body is rotatable to adjust its position about the stem.
  • Two 0-rings 92 at opposite ends of the central opening 88 and on opposite sides of the cross bore 90 provide seals that prevent leakage through the clearance fit between the body 86 and the stem 52.
  • the body 86 is substantially clamped between the end of the bottle 24 and the base member 50 of the pressure regulating valve assembly.
  • a transverse bore 94 within the body 8-6 extends from the cylindrical central. opening 88 to a passage 96 in the body that houses a helical pressure gauge tube 98 and a tubular fitting 100 having a central passage 101.
  • the fitting 100 has a threaded end 100a and carries a threaded cap 102 with a filling port 104 through which the bottle 24 can be filled with oxygen under pressure.
  • the threaded cap 102 is received in a counter bore portion 96a of the passage 96.
  • the transverse bore 94 communicates with the passage 96 at a tapered portion at the end of the counter bore 96a that forms a manifold 105 about the fitting 100.
  • a cross bore 106 communicates between- the manifold and the central tubular passage of the fitting 100.
  • the pressure gauge tube 98 is brazed at one end in the tubular passage of the fitting 100 to communicate with the cross bore 106. The opposite end is closed and an indicator 108 is attached. The indicator is covered by a window 110 carried by the body 86. Pressure variations in the tube 98 expand or allow contraction of the helix, to rotate the indicator 108 about the helix axis and the indicator 108 shows the pressure within the bottle 24 on a scale 109.
  • the cap 102 on the threaded end 100a of the fitting provides a chamber 112, as best shown in Figures 7 and 8, adjacent the open end of the fitting.
  • a metal burst disk assembly 114 in the chamber 112 serves to obturate the open end and passage 101 through the fitting 100 when clamped against the end 116 by the cap 102, as illustrated in Figure 7.
  • the burst disk assembly 114 is a sandwich construction formed of a cup 118, a foil disk 119 and a seal 120, all brazed together and reuse- able if the disk has not burst.
  • the disk assembly seals both the central passage 101 of the fitting 100 and also the passage from the port 104 through the threads 100a of the fitting and 103 of the cap which otherwise provide a restrictive flow passage from the port 104 between the fitting and cap, to the manifold 105.
  • pressure from the bottle 24 communicated to the central passage 101 of the fitting 100 through the cross bore 90 in the stem 52 and through the transverse bore 94 of the body 86 and the cross bore 106 of the fitting is contained by the foil disk 119.
  • the foil disk 119 bursts allowing release of the pressure before the bottle or other components rupture.
  • the cap 102 and fitting 100 also provide for the filling of the bottle with pressurized oxygen.
  • oxygen under pressure can flow around the disk assembly 114 and along the gap between the threads 103 and 100a between the cap and fitting to the manifold 105 that communicates through the transverse bore 94 of the body 86 to the bottle.
  • Leakage between the body 86 and the cap 102 is prevented by an 0-ring 122 ( Figure 7) that maintains a seal when the cap is unscrewed sufficiently for filling, yet allows flow from the threads to the manifold 105 along the fitting, because it is retained in a position spaced from the fitting by a ring 124 having a small flange 125 about the inner edge.
  • a commercial fitting assembly F fits over the cap 102 to facilitate rotation of the cap to open and close the filling passage through the port 104 and to supply pressurized oxygen from a source.
  • the filling passage through the threads 103, 100a provides a pressure drop that advantageously controls the rate of flow for filling purposes.
  • the combined use of the fitting 100 for both filling and pressure relief eliminates the need for an extra fitting for one of those functions and thereby minimizes the chance of leakage that is ever present in threaded fittings in pressurized systems.
  • the construction of the container 26 is best shown in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 9-14. It is formed of a top cover 130 and a bottom end 132, both injection molded of plastic, and a tubular extruded member 133 of plastic forming side wall portions and having a generally rectangular cross-section, in which a top cover flange 134 (Figure 12) and a bottom end flange 136 ( Figure 1) tightly fit.
  • One side wall portion 133a is arcuately concave to conform with the external contour of the cylindrical bottle 24 so that the container 26 can partially nest with the bottle, which reduces the overall size of the device and in addition promotes heat transfer from the bottle, which is typically cold, to the container 26, in which heat is typically generated by the chemical action of the scrubber. Heat transfer can be improved by providing strips of metal foil (not shown) from the bottle to the side walls to assure and to maximize direct contact between the bottle and container over a substantial area.
  • the top cover 130 has a first upstanding boss 140 surrounding an opening 142, to which the breathing tube 34 is attached with an inside retaining ring 144 that clamps an end of the breathing tube 34 within the upstanding boss 140.
  • the top cover 130 has a second upstanding boss 146 that surrounds an opening 148, that has a valve seat 150 ( Figure 14).
  • the boss 146 supports a spring retainer 152.
  • a pressure relief valve 154 on the seat 150 is held by a compression spring 156.
  • the spring retainer forms an escape passage through the opening 148 when the valve 154 is lifted from the seat by excess internal pressure within the breathing chamber.
  • a third upstanding boss 158 on the cover 130 receives and supports the flow regulator 38, and an axially aligned depending boss 160 in part forms the admission valve assembly 40.
  • a smaller container 164 is formed within the main container 26 and holds a suitable chemical, such as "Soda Sorb” and functions as a scrubber to chemically remove carbon dioxide from the gas within the outer container that flows through the inner and smaller container.
  • Soda Sorb is basically sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide and is sold by Dewey and Almey division of W.R. Grace.
  • the inner container is formed by porous walls 166, 168 in the form of flat panels and by end wall portions 133a and 133b of the tubular side wall forming member 133, which is nonporous.
  • the porous walls 166, 168 are supported within the outer container by vertical grooves 170-173.
  • the porous walls extend to the bottom end 132 of the outer container, but terminate short of the top cover 130, as shown in Figure 4.
  • a cover 176 closes the top of the smaller container 164, and is located by a depending, short, locating wall 178 on the inside lower surface of the top cover 130.
  • Air inhaled and exhaled to the main container 26 through the opening 142 is received above and behind the smaller scrubber container 164 and passes through the porous walls 166, 168 to the volume of the outer container in front of the wall 168 and enclosed by the flexible breathing bag 32, and back again. As the air is passed through the scrubber, the carbon dioxide content is reduced chemically.
  • Openings 180, 181, as best shown in Figures 1, 4, 13 and 14, are formed in the front portion 133c of the side wall forming member 133.
  • the flexible bag 32 is adhesively adhered by a peripheral portion 32a to the wall portion 133c about the openings 180, 181 and has an opposed portion 32b that extends across the openings and that flexes away from the wall portion 133c when the device is charged with oxygen and in use.
  • a small rigid plate 182 is adhered to the inside surface of the bag portion 32b at a location opposite the opening 180 to cooperate with the admission valve assembly 40.
  • a central bore 186 extends through both bosses 158, 160 of the cover 130 and opens into the breathing chamber in front of the porous wall 168.
  • a tubular fitting 188 is threaded into the central passage of the boss 158 and cooperates with a restriction 190 in the bore.
  • An admission valve member 192 is in the central bore 186 of the depending boss 160 and cooperates with a retaining flange 194 and seal 196 that together form a valve seat.
  • the tubular fitting 188 has a central passage 189, tapered exterior contour 198 and an end 200 through which flow from the regulating valve assembly is discharged.
  • the passage 189 is of a size capable of supplying oxygen at a flow rate substantially greater than that normally required during use.
  • Rotary adjustment of the fitting 188 moves the fitting axially within the central bore 186 to adjust the size of the passage formed between the restriction 190 and the tapered exterior contour 198 of the fitting.
  • the discharge end 200 is located on one side of the restriction 190 and a cross bore 202 communicating between the central bore 186 and the breathing chamber 30 is located on the opposite side of the restriction.
  • the valve 192 selectively opens and closes the lower end of the bore 186 that discharges directly into the breathing chamber without passing through the restriction 190.
  • the valve By operating a lever 204 attached to the valve 192, the valve is cocked to an open position.
  • the lever extends at a slight angle with respect to the valve as shown in Figure 13 and is located with its end positioned to pass through the opening 180 in the front wall portion 133c.
  • the lever 204 is held in a cocked position, also shown in dotted line keeping the valve member 192 open.
  • pressure on the valve member 192 keeps the valve member closed because it is free to pivot to the solid line position, in which the lever 204 can pass through the opening 180 without resistance from the flexible bag.
  • the bag 32 is collapsed and the valve is cocked to an open position.
  • oxygen under pressure will be introduced directly into the breathing chamber through the admission valve assembly 40.
  • the lever is allowed to pivot through the opening 180, closing the admission valve assembly 40.
  • flow passes through the restrictive orifice 190, and through the cross bore 202 into the breathing chamber at a reduced flow rate controlled by the position of the fitting 188, to correspond to a supply rate equal to that of normal consumption during use.
  • a modified admission valve assembly 210 is shown in Figure 15. With this construction no cross bore 202 is required. Rather, a restrictive orifice 212 of predetermined size is formed directly through a flange portion of the modified valve 210 to allow a flow of oxygen at the normal rate typically required, directly through the admission valve to the breathing chamber, rather than through a separate passage with an adjustable orifice.
  • a bottle of compressed oxygen is used that holds thirty-five standard liters at 1800 lbs. per square inch gauge.
  • the pressure regulating valve assembly 22 produces a relatively constant output pressure, which varies only from a regulated pressure of 135 p.s.i.g. when the bottle is initially at 1800 . p.s.i.g., and a regulated pressure of 115 p.s.i.g. when the bottle pressure has reduced to 200 p.s.i.g.
  • a continual flow of oxygen is provided at a rate of 1 and 1/2 liters per minute through the flow regulating valve assembly.
  • the admission valve is actuated, a flow of 60 to 70 liters per minute is provided directly into the breathing chamber.
  • the invention can utilize containers of oxygen of various capacities, allowing for different breathing durations.
  • the breathing device is contained in a box or case, generally rectangular, with a cover that is completely removable and held in place during storage by an adhesive strip about the opening or joint between the cover and body of the case.
  • the cover has a window through which the pressure gauge can be viewed. Because the gauge block is rotatable on the stem of the pressure regulator, the gauge can always be positioned for viewing. Straps are attached to the case, typically a neck loop that fits over the users head, and a length for encircling the user's torso, to hold the device in position on the chest of the user.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP85302271A 1984-04-02 1985-04-01 Appareil respiratoire à oxygène comprimé en circuit fermé Withdrawn EP0158498A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59597784A 1984-04-02 1984-04-02
US595977 1990-10-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0158498A2 true EP0158498A2 (fr) 1985-10-16
EP0158498A3 EP0158498A3 (fr) 1989-03-01

Family

ID=24385494

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85302271A Withdrawn EP0158498A3 (fr) 1984-04-02 1985-04-01 Appareil respiratoire à oxygène comprimé en circuit fermé

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0158498A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6111060A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2193644A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-17 Sabre Safety Ltd Device for controlling the release of breathable gas from a storage means
GB2273053A (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-06-08 Avocet Engineering Services Lt Breathing apparatus for survival
WO2014035330A1 (fr) * 2012-08-30 2014-03-06 Oxyreb Ab Agencement de valve et système de réinspiration comprenant ledit agencement de valve
WO2019074997A3 (fr) * 2017-10-10 2020-04-02 Evac Air Systems, Llc Système d'alimentation en air pour occupants d'environnements dangereux
CN113679972A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-23 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种转动式化学氧呼吸器

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63109158U (fr) * 1986-12-30 1988-07-13

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421199A (fr) * 1965-01-21 1965-12-10 Appareil respiratoire avec réservoir de gaz comprimé
US3976063A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-08-24 The Bendix Corporation Escape breathing apparatus
US4365628A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-12-28 Hodel Carl F Avalanche survival vest
US4409978A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-18 Portable Air Supply Systems, Corp. Portable, self-contained breathing apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421199A (fr) * 1965-01-21 1965-12-10 Appareil respiratoire avec réservoir de gaz comprimé
US3976063A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-08-24 The Bendix Corporation Escape breathing apparatus
US4409978A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-18 Portable Air Supply Systems, Corp. Portable, self-contained breathing apparatus
US4365628A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-12-28 Hodel Carl F Avalanche survival vest

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2193644A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-17 Sabre Safety Ltd Device for controlling the release of breathable gas from a storage means
GB2273053A (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-06-08 Avocet Engineering Services Lt Breathing apparatus for survival
WO2014035330A1 (fr) * 2012-08-30 2014-03-06 Oxyreb Ab Agencement de valve et système de réinspiration comprenant ledit agencement de valve
WO2019074997A3 (fr) * 2017-10-10 2020-04-02 Evac Air Systems, Llc Système d'alimentation en air pour occupants d'environnements dangereux
CN113679972A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-23 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种转动式化学氧呼吸器
CN113679972B (zh) * 2021-07-29 2022-04-05 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种转动式化学氧呼吸器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0158498A3 (fr) 1989-03-01
JPS6111060A (ja) 1986-01-18

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