Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/90—Betaines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/755—Sulfoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/79—Phosphine oxides

Definitions

• This invention relates to a detergent composition especially formulated for the removal of greasy soils. More particularly, it relates to a detergent composition containing a semi-polar nonionic detergent, an alkaline earth metal, preferably magnesium, salt of an anionic detergent and an amidoalkylbetaine.
• Detergent compositions containing a wide variety of water-soluble organic detergents or mixtures thereof have been formulated. Recognizably, certain water-soluble organic detergents are" better at removing one type of soil than other detergents. For example, anionic detergents are noted for their ability to remove carbohydrate and protein type stains, while nonionic detergents are especially useful in the removal of grease and oil stains. Various mixtures of detergents have been tried in order to find the optimum combination for removing a wide variety of stains as is normally encountered on soiled articles. (See for example, U.S.
• Patents 2,691,636, 3,085,982, 3,177,598, 3,179,599, 3,196,166 and 3,223,647 for various organic detergent combinations.
• detergent compositions that are effective in removing soils, especially greasy soils.
• a detergent composition especially effective in the removal of greasy soil is formulated using a semi-polar nonionic detergent, an alkaline earth metal salt of certain anionic detergents, and an amidoalkylbetaine.
• the detergent compositions of this invention contain a water-soluble semi-polar nonionic detergent, an alkaline earth metal salt of an anionic detergent, and an amidoalkylbetaine as essential ingredients. Descriptions of these detergents follow.
• Semi-polar nonionic detergents useful herein include water-soluble amine oxides, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides. Amine oxides are preferred.
• the amine oxide has one alkyl or hydroxyalkyl moiety of 8 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms and two alkyl moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Examples of such materials include dimethyloctylamine oxide, diethyldecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dipropyltetradecylamine oxide, methylethylhexadecylamine oxide, and dimethyl-2-hydroxyoctadecylamine oxide.
• Suitable semi-polar nonionic detergents also include the water-soluble phosphine oxides having one alkyl or hydroxyalkyl moiety of 8 to 28 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms and two alkyl moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Suitable phosphine oxides include dimethyldecylphos- phine oxide, dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, methylethyltetra- decylphosphine oxide, dimethylhexadecylphosphine oxide, diethyl-2-hydroxyoctyldecylphosphine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecyl- phosphine oxide, and bis(hydroxymethyl)tetradecylphosphine oxide.
• the water-soluble sulfoxide detergents contain one alkyl or hydroxyalkyl moiety of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms and one alkyl moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Specific examples of these sulfoxides include dodecylmethyl sulfoxide, 2-hydroxyethyltridecyl sulfoxide, hexadecylmethyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxyoctadecylethyl sulfoxide.
• the anionic detergent comprises at least - 10%, preferably at least 15% of an alkaline earth metal, preferably magnesium, salt of an organic anionic detergent.
• the remainder are typically sodium, potassium, ammonium and/or substituted ammonium salts.
• Especially preferred salts are the magnesium salts.
• the anionic detergent salts which are useful in the present invention are selected from the following classes of anionic detergents:
• the above-described anionic detergents are all available commercially.
• the acid form of the anionic detergent can be converted to the alkaline earth metal salt form either prior to admixture with the semi-polar nonionic detergent or thereafter. This conversion can be accomplished either by direct neutralization with an alkaline earth metal base or by ion exchange between, e.g., an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium salt of the anionic detergent and a non-toxic, water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt.
• a source of magnesium or calcium ions is added to the detergent mixture under desirable reaction conditions to form the desired salts.
• Calcium and magnesium chlorides, calcium and magnesium sulfates, calcium and magnesium acetates or calcium and magnesium hydroxides and oxides are examples of magnesium and calcium sources. Magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate are preferred. Magnesium oxide or hydroxide is most preferred.
• the cation of the anionic detergent is important in that the alkaline earth metal salts of the herein described anionic detergent perform better in terms of suds persistence, especially in the presence of grease, than the alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium salts of said anionic detergents when in combination with the semi-polar nonionic detergent and the betaine detergent.
• a mixture of cations may be desirable for optimum physical properties or sudsing across a range of conditions and soils, provided sufficient amounts of the anionic surfactant are in the alkaline earth metal form to provide the desired grease removal.
• Up to about 25% of the above anionic detergents can be in the form of their sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or triethanolammonium salts, especially ammonium, monoethanolammonium, or triethanolammonium.
• the amidoalkylbetaine surfactant is essential to the improved performance.
• the suds persistence (mileage) is less when the amidoalkylbetaine is combined with alkali metal anionic and semi-polar nonionic detergent mixtures.
• Overall superior performance requires all three essential ingredients.
• betaines examples include coconutacylamidopro- pyldimethylbetaine; C 12-14 acylamidopropylbetaine; C s acylamido- hexyldiethylbetaine; 4-[C 14-16 acylmethylamidodiethylammonio]-1-carboxybutane; C 16-18 acylamidodimethylbetaine; C12-14 acylamido- pentanediethylbetaine; 2-[C 12-16 acylmethylamidodiemethyl]-1-carboxy propane; and C 12-16 acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine.
• Preferred betaines are the C 10-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.
• Suitable amidoalkylbetaines are disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,950,417; 4,137,191; and 4,375,421 and British Patent GB 2,103,236, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the level of betaine in the product is preferably more than 1%, desirably 4 to 6%, where maximum grease handling is desired.
• alkyl (and acyl) groups for the above detergents can be derived from either natural or synthetic sources, e.g., they can be derived from naturally occurring fatty acids; olefins such as those prepared by Ziegler, or Oxo processes; or from olefins separated from petroleum either with or without "cracking".
• alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates include those derived from Neodol 23 which is a synthetic alcohol prepared by an Oxo process and containing about 42 weight percent of dodecanol and about 54 weight percent of tridecanol.
• Ratios of semi-polar nonionic detergent and betaine to anionic detergent (salt basis) of from 1:20 to 1:2, preferably from 1:15 to 1:3 provide very satisfactory grease removal.
• the degree of grease removal obtained from the detergent mixture is greater than that achieved by the individual detergents alone when used under normal conditions.
• the detergent compositions of this invention are formulated in powder, granular, tablet, paste, or, preferably, liquid form. Regardless of the form of the composition, it is especially effective in the removal of greasy soils.
• a preferred detergent composition containing the above-described detergents is in a liquid form.
• Such liquid compositions are especially useful for the hand washing of soiled cooking utensils and tableware.
• the liquid compositions contain from 5% to 60%, preferably from 10% to 50% for concentrated products designed for dilution prior to use and preferably from 1% to 40% for products designed for use "as is", of the semi-polar nonionic, anionic, and betaine detergent mixture.
• the balance of the formula comprises water. All manner of known additives can be included in the liquid composition. For example, suds boosters, organic solvents, e.g., C 1 -C S alkanols (preferably ethanol), perfumes, dyes, and hydrotropes can be added for their known functions.
• An especially preferred liquid detergent composition also contains a source of alkalinity for increased greasy soil removal.
• Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and mono-, di- or trialkanolamines wherein said alkanol moieties contain from one to five, preferably two to three carbon atoms, in either a linear or branched configuration are suitable bases. Normally, the higher chain length branched alkanolamines are mono- or di-substituted. Common alkanolamines are mono- and diisopropanolamines and mono-, di- and triethanolamines. Sufficient base is added to the composition to raise its pH to above 7.0, but below about 9.0.
• Such a composition has not only increased greasy soil removal ability, but also the removal is accelerated.
• Ammonia, di- and triethanolamines and mixtures thereof are preferred sources of alkalinity because of the resultant compositions' physical characteristics, i.e., the compositions have good fluidity and viscosity.
• a liquid detergent composition having the following formulation is most preferred:
• More concentrated liquids and/or pastes containing from 45% to 95% of said mixture of semi-polar nonionic, anionic, and betaine detergents are also desirable.
• compositions of this invention contain from 5% to . 50%, preferably from 10% to
• the balance of the composition comprises inert filler salts.
• a suitable inert filler salt is sodium sulfate.
• Various additives, e.g., suds suppressors, dyes, perfume, soil anti-redeposition agents, and water can also be included in the granular or tableted composition.
• liquid detergent compositions of this invention are preferably prepared by neutralizing the acid forms of the anionic detergent with the aforementioned sources of alkalinity, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and/or adding a soluble alkaline earth metal source, preferably magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride, to give the finished formula.
• the following detergent compositions are formulated on a weight percent basis.
• compositions A-L When compositions A-L are tested for their ability to remove grease from a soiled surface, the results will show that the compositions of this invention, i.e. compositions B, D, F, H, J and L will remove more grease and have better suds mileage than the similar compositions wherein the magnesium cation and betaine are not employed.
• compositions A, B and C This base formula was compared to compositions A, B and C in which 5% C 12-14 acylamidopropyl betaine was added.
• Mg salts were replaced by ammonium salts and in B the amine oxide was removed. Water was removed or added to maintain the given percentages.
• a preweighed 250 cc. polypropylene cup has 3 cc. of a melted beef grease applied to its inner bottom surface. After the grease has solidified, the cup is reweighed. Then a 0.4% aqueous solution of the composition to be tested is added to the cup to completely fill it. The aqueous solution has a temperature of 45°C. After 15 minutes, the cup is emptied and rinsed with distilled water. The cup is dried and then weighed to determine the amount of grease removal. The results of tests performed on the above compositions are reported as follows on a % grease removal basis.
• the amine oxide and the magnesium anionic detergent and/or betaine are essential for optimum grease removal.
• both the magnesium anionic detergent and the betaine are required for both improved suds mileage and improved grease removal.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (15)

Citations (4)

• 1985
  • 1985-03-07 DE DE8585200329T patent/DE3562781D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-07 EP EP19850200329 patent/EP0157443B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-18 CA CA000476752A patent/CA1239324A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (4)

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