EP0155622B1 - Vertically adjustable bearing for the transferring and raising and/or lowering of heavy loads, particularly of bridges - Google Patents

Vertically adjustable bearing for the transferring and raising and/or lowering of heavy loads, particularly of bridges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155622B1
EP0155622B1 EP85102782A EP85102782A EP0155622B1 EP 0155622 B1 EP0155622 B1 EP 0155622B1 EP 85102782 A EP85102782 A EP 85102782A EP 85102782 A EP85102782 A EP 85102782A EP 0155622 B1 EP0155622 B1 EP 0155622B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
container
elastomer
plate
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85102782A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0155622A3 (en
EP0155622A2 (en
Inventor
Wolfhart Dr.-Ing. Andrä
Hans-Peter Dr.-Ing. Andrä
Erwin Dr.-Ing. Beyer
Karl Bayer
Manfred Lohmann
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Priority to AT85102782T priority Critical patent/ATE43381T1/en
Publication of EP0155622A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155622A2/en
Publication of EP0155622A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155622A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155622B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155622B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
    • E01D19/048—Bearings being adjustable once installed; Bearings used in incremental launching
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/36—Bearings or like supports allowing movement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a height-adjustable bearing for transferring and lifting or lowering heavy loads of structures, in particular bridge structures.
  • Height-adjustable bearings of this type consist of a container or pot made of steel with a circular or rectangular plan.
  • a cover plate, also made of steel, is partially embedded in the container or pot, through which a pressure space enclosed on all sides is formed together with the walls of the container or pot and its bottom.
  • this pressure chamber there is a plate which completely fills it and is made of an elastomer material and can deform elastically under the action of pressure.
  • This type of bearing has the property that the cover plate, on which the structure or the bridge part rests, can be shifted from the horizontal to a certain angle by tilting, because the pressure pad made of the elastomer material can be elastically compressed on one side and the cover plate is able to tilt due to the flexibility of the edge sealing elements without edge friction.
  • bearings can also be used for lifting or subsequent lowering of a heavy load of a building or a bridge if they are equipped with a device for pressing in a pressure medium compatible with the elastomer from the outside into the pressure space enclosed on all sides.
  • a device for pressing in a pressure medium compatible with the elastomer from the outside into the pressure space enclosed on all sides.
  • Height-adjustable bearings of this type can perform several tasks. They can be used for bridges or other heavy structures where subsidence or foundation will have to be lowered over time. These reductions can be compensated for by increasing the bearing. If the subsidence becomes too large and the bearing increase is not sufficient, the bearings must be removed and the contact surfaces or abutments increased. Then height-adjustable bearings are used to raise the bridge or structure so that the previous bearings can be removed; this may also be necessary in order to inspect these existing bearings or to replace them. Depending on the circumstances, it may also be sufficient to install the new height-adjustable bearings and remove the old ones.
  • a pressure line opening into the pressure space below the elastomer plate is arranged in the bottom of the container or pot.
  • a plastic or elastic material can be pressed in from the outside through the pressure line, which material is evenly distributed over the bottom of the pot or container and the elastomer plate and thereby moves this plate upwards.
  • a more or less uniform layer of the pressed material is formed. Because of the incompressibility of the elastomer, the volume of the pressure chamber increases as a result of the pressed-in material, the cover plate rising under the load of the structure supported thereon in accordance with the volume of the pressed-in liquid.
  • the disadvantage is that the spreading of the pressed material between the bottom of the container and the elastomer plate is completely uncontrolled. With a larger degree of increase it is therefore not always possible to avoid the fact that the pressure medium penetrates into the gap between the pot wall and the elastomer plate despite the sealing and rises and, under unfavorable circumstances, emerges from the gap and escapes to the outside. This can be the case in particular if, in the case of a bearing which is heavily stressed by the tilting movements of the cover plate, the sealing elements are worn out to seal the gap after a long time.
  • the warehouse is therefore unusable for lifting and lowering processes. Additional sealing problems occur at the connection of the pressure line running through the tank bottom to the bladder.
  • the flexible, elastic membrane bladder so that it consists of only one initially flat, flexible, elastic membrane plate, which is arranged concentrically on the bottom of the container and is connected to its base in a non-displaceable and liquid-tight manner.
  • the pressure medium preferably hydraulic oil
  • the membrane plate bulges upwards and also displaces the elastomer plate upwards.
  • the cover plate rises by a certain amount under load. For lowering, a quantity of pressure medium is discharged from the pressurized membrane space via the pressure line, which corresponds to the desired degree of lowering.
  • the invention relates to such a height-adjustable bearing for transferring and lifting or lowering heavy loads of structures, in particular bridge structures, which in a container or pot made of steel has a thick elastomer plate resting on the container bottom, on which one inside the container wall Height-adjustable cover plate rests, which is used for the articulated transmission of the loads on the elastomer plate to the bottom of the container, and which is provided with a circumferential sealing element for sealing the circumferential gap between the cover plate and the container wall, and for lifting the cover plate below the load a locally displacing the elastomer and the volume of the pressure chamber, consisting of the tank bottom, the cover plate and the tank wall, increasing amount of pressure medium by means of a pressure line led from the outside through the tank bottom, and that for the outside ken of the load a quantity of pressure medium reducing the height of the pressure space enclosed on all sides can be released.
  • the invention consists in the fact that in the elastomer plate lying on the container bottom and filling the pressure chamber, which is closed on all sides, there is a separating film which extends in a plane parallel to the container bottom, the outer contour of which runs at a certain distance from the container wall, and which runs on at least one Place has an opening which is connected to the pressure line emanating from the container bottom for the pressure medium to be pressed.
  • a special membrane bladder made of a flexible or elastic material is no longer required, and therefore the associated or caused disturbances are eliminated.
  • a similar membrane element which is however firmly connected to the bottom of the container, is also avoided, which tends to leak and can likewise cause malfunctions. Rather, the elasticity and thus the extensibility of the elastomer plate is used, which is designed by means of the separating disc to form a receiving space for the pressure medium to be pressed in.
  • the pressure medium can be a liquid, for example hydraulic oil, or else a pasty pressure medium.
  • a plurality of openings for introducing the pressure medium into the space above the separating film can also be distributed in order to achieve a faster and more uniform distribution of the pressure medium in the cavity within the elastomer plate.
  • a further embodiment consists in the fact that each existing opening of the separating film, from which the pressure medium to be pressed in can emerge and which is connected to the pressure line, is connected to the outlet channel of an orifice nozzle, which is detachably fastened to the bottom of the container, and into a corresponding one Recess fits on the underside of the elastomer plate.
  • the release film is provided on its outline with a circumferential ring made of metal or plastic.
  • the circumferential outer edge can furthermore be provided with an upwardly directed bead into which a circumferential metal ring is vulcanized.
  • the height-adjustable bearing is shown in the lowered state.
  • the cover plate is designated 1, the container bottom with 2 and the container wall with 3; the pressure chamber 14 is formed by these parts.
  • the elastomer plate 4 is arranged on the container bottom 2 and surrounded by the container wall 3.
  • the release film 5 is embedded, which is coated with a release agent in the manufacture of the elastomer plate 4, so that there is no connection between the elastomer material and the release film material.
  • the separating film 5 is connected to the mouthpiece 9, which is provided in the center with an injection channel 12 for the printing medium.
  • the mouthpiece 9 with the separating film 5 is detachably connected to the container base 2 by the screw fastening 11.
  • the opening in the elastomer plate 4 from which the pressure medium to be pressed in exits and the space above the separating film 5 is identified by 16.
  • the increase in the bearing that occurs as a result of the volume increase in the pressure chamber that occurs as a result of increasing the height of the pressure chamber is denoted by 17. With 15 the distance of the outline of the separating film 5 from the wall 3 of the container is marked.
  • a pressure medium is pressed in from the outside via the press-in channel 12.
  • the pressure medium emerges upward from the central opening of the separating film 5 and is distributed above the separating film 5 in the resulting cavity 13 between the separating film and inside the elastomer plate 4. This causes an increase in the volume of the pressure chamber 14 and the cover plate 1 with the ballast is raised.
  • the bearing in the raised state is shown in the right half of FIG. 1.
  • the cavity 13 filled with the pressure medium in the elastomer plate 4 can be seen here.
  • a protective disk 10 is glued into the elastomer above the central recess of the separating film 5 and has the task of protecting the elastomer from erosion by the pressed-in pressure medium.
  • the separating film 5 can be made of plastic or metal.
  • a ring 6 is arranged on the periphery of the separating film 5 which is circular in this exemplary embodiment. This detail is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the ring expediently consists of the same material as the separating film. This ring 6 is intended to prevent the notch effect on the surrounding elastomer.
  • separating film 5 instead of the circumferential ring, the outer edge of the separating film 5 is provided with a bead 7 on the top, into which a circumferential ring 8 made of metal is embedded.
  • separating film 5 and bead 7 are made of plastic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Chairs Characterized By Structure (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

Abstract

An adjustable load support for lifting, lowering, and transferring heavy loads is provided, comprising a hollow container having a bottom, side walls, and a liftable top. A portion of the top protrudes into the interior of the container. An elastomeric mass substantially fills the remainder of the interior of the container. Sealing elements are also provided which seal the portion of the top of the container extending into the interior of the container with the side walls. A substantially flat diaphragm is located between the elastomeric mass and the bottom of the container. The diaphragm is substantially parallel to the plane of the bottom of the container but is not in contact with the side walls of the container. Means for introducing a pressurized medium between the diaphragm and the elastomeric mass through an opening in the diaphragm is also provided. When the pressurized medium is introduced into the container between the diaphragm and the elastomeric mass, the top of the container is lifted. Conversely, when the pressurized medium is let out of the container, the top of the container is lowered.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein höhenverstellbares Lager zu Übertragen und Anheben bzw. Absenken schwerer Lasten von Bauwerken, insbesondere Brückenbauwerken. Höhenverstellbare Lager dieser Art bestehen aus einem aus Stahl hergestellten Behälter oder Topf von kreisrundem oder auch rechteckigem Grundriß. In den Behälter oder Topf teilweise eingelassen ist eine ebenfalls aus Stahl bestehende Deckplatte, durch welche zusammen mit den Wandungen des Behälters oder Topfes und dessen Boden ein allseitig umschlossener Druckraum gebildet ist. In diesem Druckraum befindet sich eine diesen vollständig ausfüllende Platte aus einem Elastomere-Werkstoff, die sich unter Druckeinwirkung elastisch verformen kann. Damit sich in den Spalt zwischen der Umrißfläche der Deckplatte und der Wandung des Behälters oder Topfes der unter hohem Druck stehende Elastomere-Werkstoff nicht hineinzwängen und sogar nach oben austreten kann, sind besondere Dichtungs-Elemente angeordnet, die an der Unterseite der Deckplatte im Bereich des Spaltes zu der umgebenden Wandfläche angebracht bzw. in einer umlaufenden Vertiefung der Elastomereplatte eingelassen sind.The invention relates to a height-adjustable bearing for transferring and lifting or lowering heavy loads of structures, in particular bridge structures. Height-adjustable bearings of this type consist of a container or pot made of steel with a circular or rectangular plan. A cover plate, also made of steel, is partially embedded in the container or pot, through which a pressure space enclosed on all sides is formed together with the walls of the container or pot and its bottom. In this pressure chamber there is a plate which completely fills it and is made of an elastomer material and can deform elastically under the action of pressure. In order that the elastomeric material under high pressure cannot squeeze into the gap between the outline of the cover plate and the wall of the container or pot and can even escape upwards, special sealing elements are arranged on the underside of the cover plate in the area of the Gap attached to the surrounding wall surface or embedded in a circumferential recess of the elastomer plate.

Diese Bauart von Lagern hat die Eigenschaft, daß sich die Deckplatte, auf welcher das Bauwerk bzw. das Brückenteil aufliegt, gegenüber der Horizontalen bis zu einer gewissen Winkelneigung durch Kippen verlagern kann, weil das Druckkissen aus dem Elastomere-Werkstoff sich einseitig elastisch zusammenpressen läßt und die Deckplatte in der Lage ist, sich infolge der Nachgiebigkeit der Rand-Dichtungselemente ohne Randreibung schrägzustellen.This type of bearing has the property that the cover plate, on which the structure or the bridge part rests, can be shifted from the horizontal to a certain angle by tilting, because the pressure pad made of the elastomer material can be elastically compressed on one side and the cover plate is able to tilt due to the flexibility of the edge sealing elements without edge friction.

Diese bekannten Lager können auch zum Anheben bzw. nachfolgenden Absenken einer schweren Last eines Bauwerkes oder einer Brücke verwendet werden, wenn sie mit einer Vorrichtung zum Einpressen eines mit dem Elastomere verträglichen Druckmediums von außen in den allseitig umschlossenen Druckraum eingerichtet sind. Durch dieses Einpressen wird die Elastomere- Platte örtlich verdrängt und das Volumen des allseitig umschlossenen Druckraumes vergrößert, so daß sich die Deckplatte mit dem auf ihr lagernden Bauwerk anhebt. Durch Ablassen des unter Druck stehenden Druckmediums kann das eingeschlossene Volumen wieder verkleinert und damit auch die Deckplatte mit dem Bauwerk wieder abgesenkt werden.These known bearings can also be used for lifting or subsequent lowering of a heavy load of a building or a bridge if they are equipped with a device for pressing in a pressure medium compatible with the elastomer from the outside into the pressure space enclosed on all sides. As a result of this pressing in, the elastomer plate is displaced locally and the volume of the pressure space enclosed on all sides is increased, so that the cover plate rises with the structure resting on it. By releasing the pressure medium under pressure, the enclosed volume can be reduced again and the cover plate with the building can be lowered again.

Höhenverstellbare Lager dieser Bauart können mehrere Aufgaben erfüllen. Sie können in den Fällen bei Brücken oder anderen schweren Bauwerken angewendet werden, bei denen im Laufe der Zeit mit Absenkungen des Untergrundes bzw. Fundamentes gerechnet werden muß. Diese Absenkungen können durch Erhöhen des Lagers wieder ausgeglichen werden. Wenn die Absenkungen zu groß werden und die Lagererhöhung nicht ausreicht, müssen die Lager ausgebaut und die Auflageflächen bzw. Widerlager erhöht werden. Dann werden höhenverstellbare Lager dazu verwendet, die Brücke oder das Bauwerk anzuheben, damit die bisherigen Lager entfernt werden können; dies kann auch erforderlich sein, um diese bisherigen Lager einer Inspektion zu unterziehen oder sie auszuwechseln. Je nach den Verhältnissen kann es auch genügen, die neuen höhenverstellbaren Lager einzubauen und die alten Lager zu entfernen.Height-adjustable bearings of this type can perform several tasks. They can be used for bridges or other heavy structures where subsidence or foundation will have to be lowered over time. These reductions can be compensated for by increasing the bearing. If the subsidence becomes too large and the bearing increase is not sufficient, the bearings must be removed and the contact surfaces or abutments increased. Then height-adjustable bearings are used to raise the bridge or structure so that the previous bearings can be removed; this may also be necessary in order to inspect these existing bearings or to replace them. Depending on the circumstances, it may also be sufficient to install the new height-adjustable bearings and remove the old ones.

Bei einem bekannten Lager dieser Art nach der DE-PS 1 759 032 ist im Boden des Behälters oder Topfes eine in den Druckraum unterhalb der Elastomere-Platte mündende Druckleitung angeordnet. Durch die Druckleitung kann von außen ein plastisches oder elastisches Material eingepreßt werden, welches sich gleichmäßig dem Boden des Topfes oder Behälters und der Elastomere- Platte verteilt und dadurch diese Platte nach oben verschiebt. Es bildet sich ausgehend von der Mündung der Druckleitung unterhalb der Elastomere- Platte eine mehr oder weniger gleichmäßige Schicht aus dem eingepreßten Material. Wegen der Inkompressibilität des Elastomeres vergrößert sich durch das eingepreßte Material das Volumen des Druckraumes, wobei sich die Deckplatte unter der Last des darauf lagernden Bauwerks entsprechend dem Volumen der eingepreßten Flüssigkeit anhebt. Nachteilig ist, daß die Ausbreitung des eingepreßten Materials zwischen dem Behälterboden und der Elastomere-Platte völlig unkontrolliert verläuft. Bei einem größeren Maß der Erhöhung ist daher auch nicht stets zu vermeiden, daß trotz der Abdichtung das Druckmedium in den Spalt zwischen Topfwand und der Elastomere-Platte eindringt und nach oben steigt und unter ungünstigen Umständen aus dem Spalt austritt und nach außen entweicht. Dies kann vor allem dann der Fall sein, wenn bei einem durch Kippbewegungen der Deckplatte stark beanspruchten Lager nach längerer Zeit die Dichtungs- Elemente zum Abdichten des Spaltes abgenutzt sind.In a known bearing of this type according to DE-PS 1 759 032, a pressure line opening into the pressure space below the elastomer plate is arranged in the bottom of the container or pot. A plastic or elastic material can be pressed in from the outside through the pressure line, which material is evenly distributed over the bottom of the pot or container and the elastomer plate and thereby moves this plate upwards. Starting from the mouth of the pressure line below the elastomer plate, a more or less uniform layer of the pressed material is formed. Because of the incompressibility of the elastomer, the volume of the pressure chamber increases as a result of the pressed-in material, the cover plate rising under the load of the structure supported thereon in accordance with the volume of the pressed-in liquid. The disadvantage is that the spreading of the pressed material between the bottom of the container and the elastomer plate is completely uncontrolled. With a larger degree of increase it is therefore not always possible to avoid the fact that the pressure medium penetrates into the gap between the pot wall and the elastomer plate despite the sealing and rises and, under unfavorable circumstances, emerges from the gap and escapes to the outside. This can be the case in particular if, in the case of a bearing which is heavily stressed by the tilting movements of the cover plate, the sealing elements are worn out to seal the gap after a long time.

Dieser Nachteil kann vermieden werden, wenn die Lagerkonstruktion nach der DE-AS 2 527 128 gewählt wird. Hier wird zwischen der Unterseite der Elastomere-Platte und dem Boden des Behälters oder Topfes eine das Druckmedium aufnehmende Membranblase aus einem elastischen Werkstoff angeordnet, die sich an die seitlichen Wandungen des Behälters anlegt, und die mittels der Druckleitung mit einer außenliegenden Druckquelle für das Druckmedium verbunden ist. In diesem Falle ist vorzugsweise ein Hydrauliköl als Druckmedium geeignet.This disadvantage can be avoided if the bearing construction is chosen according to DE-AS 2 527 128. Here, between the underside of the elastomer plate and the bottom of the container or pot, there is arranged a membrane bubble that absorbs the pressure medium and that rests on the side walls of the container and that is connected to an external pressure source for the pressure medium by means of the pressure line is. In this case, a hydraulic oil is preferably suitable as the pressure medium.

Schwierigkeiten können sich bei dieser Lösung durch die an die Behälterwandung und in die Ekken gepreßte flexible Blase ergeben und auch der Anschluß der nach außen führenden Druckleitung kann Störungen verursachen.Difficulties can arise with this solution due to the flexible bladder pressed against the container wall and into the corners and the connection of the pressure line leading to the outside can also cause malfunctions.

Bei Kippbewegungen oder beim Anheben bzw. Ablassen der Deckplatte kann die unter hohem Druck fest an die Wandung des Behälters angepreßte Blase den Verschiebungen des Deckels gegenüber der Topfwandung nicht zwängungsfrei folgen. Hierdurch treten in dem flexiblen Material der Membranblase Überdehnungen und wegen der Reibung an der Topfwand Verschleißwirkungen auf. Diesen ist das flexible Material nicht gewachsen, vor allem, da es sich infolge der ständigen Kippbewegungen im wesentlichen um dynamische Überbeanspruchungen handelt, die sehr rasch zu Undichtigkeiten der Blase im Bereich der Topfwand führen können.In the case of tilting movements or when lifting or lowering the cover plate, the bladder, which is firmly pressed against the wall of the container under high pressure, cannot follow the displacements of the cover relative to the pot wall without constraint. This causes overstretching and due to the flexible material of the membrane bladder the friction on the wall of the pot. The flexible material is no match for this, especially since the constant tilting movements are essentially dynamic overloads, which can very quickly lead to leaks in the bladder in the area of the pot wall.

Das Lager wird damit für Anhebe- und Absenkvorgänge unbrauchbar. Zusätzliche Dichtungsprobleme treten am Anschluß der durch den Behälterboden verlaufenden Druckleitung an die Blase auf.The warehouse is therefore unusable for lifting and lowering processes. Additional sealing problems occur at the connection of the pressure line running through the tank bottom to the bladder.

Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils wäre es möglich, die flexible, elastische Membranblase so auszubilden, daß sie aus nur einer zunächst ebenen flexiblen, elastischen Membranplatte besteht, die konzentrisch auf dem Boden des Behälters angeordnet und an ihrem Umfang unverschieblich und flüssigkeitsdicht mit der Bodenfläche verbunden ist. Wird nun durch den Boden des Behälters oder Topfes das Druckmedium, vorzugsweise Hydrauliköl, eingepreßt, dann wölbt sich die Membranplatte nach oben und verdrängt die Elastomere-Platte ebenfalls nach oben. Je nach der Menge des eingepreßten Druckmediums hebt sich der die Deckplatte unter Last um ein bestimmtes Maß an. Zum Absenken wird eine Menge an Druckmedium auf dem Wege über die Druckleitung aus dem unter Druck stehenden Membranraum wieder abgelassen, die dem gewünschten Maß an Absenkung entspricht.To avoid this disadvantage, it would be possible to design the flexible, elastic membrane bladder so that it consists of only one initially flat, flexible, elastic membrane plate, which is arranged concentrically on the bottom of the container and is connected to its base in a non-displaceable and liquid-tight manner. If the pressure medium, preferably hydraulic oil, is pressed in through the bottom of the container or pot, then the membrane plate bulges upwards and also displaces the elastomer plate upwards. Depending on the amount of pressure medium pressed in, the cover plate rises by a certain amount under load. For lowering, a quantity of pressure medium is discharged from the pressurized membrane space via the pressure line, which corresponds to the desired degree of lowering.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein derartiges höhenverstellbares Lager zum Übertragen und Anheben bzw. Absenken schwerer Lasten von Bauwerken, insbesondere Brückenbauwerken, welches in einem aus Stahl hergestellten Behälter oder Topf eine auf dem Behälterboden aufliegende dicke Elastomere-Platte aufweist, auf welcher eine innerhalb der Behälterwandung höhenveränderlich bewegliche Deckplatte aufliegt, die der gelenkigen Übertragung der auflagernden Lasten über die Elastomere-Platte auf den Behälterboden dient, und die mit einem umlaufenden Dichtelement zum Abdichten des umlaufenden Spaltes zwischen der Deckplatte und der Behälterwandung versehen ist, und bei dem zum Anheben der Deckplatte unter der Auflast eine das Elastomere örtlich verdrängende und das Volumen des Druckraumes, bestehend aus dem Behälterboden, der Deckplatte und der Behälterwandung, vergrößernde Menge an Druckmedium mittels einer von außen durch den Behälterboden geführten Druckleitung einpreßbar ist, und daß zum Absenken der Auflast eine die Höhe des allseitig umschlossenen Druckraumes verringernde Menge an Druckmedium abgelassen werden kann. Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß in die auf dem Behälterboden aufliegende, den allseitig geschlossenen Druckraum ausfüllende Elastomere-Platte eine sich in paralleler Ebene zum Behälterboden erstreckende Trennfolie eingelassen ist, deren äußerer Umriß in einem bestimmten Abstand von der Behälterwandung verläuft, und die an mindestens einer Stelle eine Öffnung aufweist, die mit der aus dem Behälterboden ausmündenden Druckleitung für das einzupressende Druckmedium verbunden ist.The invention relates to such a height-adjustable bearing for transferring and lifting or lowering heavy loads of structures, in particular bridge structures, which in a container or pot made of steel has a thick elastomer plate resting on the container bottom, on which one inside the container wall Height-adjustable cover plate rests, which is used for the articulated transmission of the loads on the elastomer plate to the bottom of the container, and which is provided with a circumferential sealing element for sealing the circumferential gap between the cover plate and the container wall, and for lifting the cover plate below the load a locally displacing the elastomer and the volume of the pressure chamber, consisting of the tank bottom, the cover plate and the tank wall, increasing amount of pressure medium by means of a pressure line led from the outside through the tank bottom, and that for the outside ken of the load a quantity of pressure medium reducing the height of the pressure space enclosed on all sides can be released. The invention consists in the fact that in the elastomer plate lying on the container bottom and filling the pressure chamber, which is closed on all sides, there is a separating film which extends in a plane parallel to the container bottom, the outer contour of which runs at a certain distance from the container wall, and which runs on at least one Place has an opening which is connected to the pressure line emanating from the container bottom for the pressure medium to be pressed.

Durch diese Lösung werden alle Schwierigkeiten überwunden, welche sich bei den bisher bekannten und hier weiter oben beschriebenen höhenverstellbaren Lagern dieser Bauweise ergeben können. Eine besondere Membranblase aus einem flexiblen bzw. elastischen Werkstoff wird nicht mehr benötigt, und daher fallen die damit verbundenen oder verursachten Störungen weg. Auch wird ein ähnliches, jedoch mit dem Behälterboden fest verbundenes Membran-Element vermieden, welches zu Undichtigkeiten neigt und ebenfalls Störungen verursachen kann. Vielmehr wird die Elastizität und damit die Dehnbarkeit der Elastomere-Platte ausgenutzt, die mittels der Trennscheibe zu einem Aufnahmeraum für das einzupressende Druckmedium ausgestaltet wird. Das Druckmedium kann eine Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Hydrauliköl, oder aber auch ein pastenförmiges Druckmedium sein.This solution overcomes all of the difficulties that can arise with the previously known and described above-described height-adjustable bearings of this design. A special membrane bladder made of a flexible or elastic material is no longer required, and therefore the associated or caused disturbances are eliminated. A similar membrane element, which is however firmly connected to the bottom of the container, is also avoided, which tends to leak and can likewise cause malfunctions. Rather, the elasticity and thus the extensibility of the elastomer plate is used, which is designed by means of the separating disc to form a receiving space for the pressure medium to be pressed in. The pressure medium can be a liquid, for example hydraulic oil, or else a pasty pressure medium.

Bei sehr großen höhenverstellbaren Lagern nach der Erfindung können flächenverteilt auch mehrere Öffnungen zum Einführen des Druckmediums in den Raum oberhalb der Trennfolie vorhanden sein, um eine raschere und gleichmäßigere Verteilung des Druckmediums in dem Hohlraum innerhalb der Elastomere-Platte zu erzielen.In the case of very large height-adjustable bearings according to the invention, a plurality of openings for introducing the pressure medium into the space above the separating film can also be distributed in order to achieve a faster and more uniform distribution of the pressure medium in the cavity within the elastomer plate.

Eine weitere Ausbildung besteht noch darin, daß jede vorhandene Öffnung der Trennfolie, aus welcher das einzuspressende Druckmedium austreten kann und die mit der Druckleitung verbunden ist, mit dem Austrittskanal eines Mündungsstutzens in Verbindung steht, der am Behälterboden lösbar befestigt ist, und der in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung an der Unterseite der Elastomere-Platte paßt.A further embodiment consists in the fact that each existing opening of the separating film, from which the pressure medium to be pressed in can emerge and which is connected to the pressure line, is connected to the outlet channel of an orifice nozzle, which is detachably fastened to the bottom of the container, and into a corresponding one Recess fits on the underside of the elastomer plate.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn die aus einem Kunststoff oder aus Metall bestehende Trennfolie mit ihrer Erstreckung parallel zum Behälterboden einen Abstand ihrer Umrißlinie von der Behälterwandung einhält, der etwa /• bis 1/12 des freien Innenmaßes des Druckraumes beträgt. Dadurch wird eine Überbeanspruchung im Randbereich der Elastomere-Platte durch eine zu starke Kerbwirkung infolge der Aufblähung des Materials vermieden. Selbst wenn eine solche Überbeanspruchung eintreten und dadurch die Elastomere-Platte örtlich in ihrem Randbereich zerreißen und dadurch eine Austrittsmöglichkeit für das Druckmedium geschaffen würde, könnte ein Schaden nicht eintreten. Das im Spalt zwischen Elastomere-Platte und Behälterwandung nach oben tretende Druckmedium würde durch die umlaufende Dichtung zurückgehalten. Es bestände aber auch die Möglichkeit, daß das Druckmedium diese Dichtung überwindet und nach außen austritt. Auch in diesem Fall ist ein Schaden nicht zu befürchten, denn dadurch würde lediglich das Lager etwas absinken, bis die undichte Stelle durch Zusammenpressen wieder geschlossen wird. Das Lager bliebe aber voll funktionsfähig.It is expedient if the existing of a plastic or metal release film complies with its extension parallel to the container base a distance of their outline of the container wall which is approximately • is / to 1/12 of the free inside dimension of the pressure chamber. This avoids overstressing in the edge area of the elastomer sheet due to an excessive notch effect due to the inflation of the material. Even if such an overstressing occurs and thereby the elastomer plate locally tears in its edge area and thereby creates an exit possibility for the pressure medium, damage could not occur. The pressure medium coming up in the gap between the elastomer plate and the container wall would be retained by the circumferential seal. But there would also be the possibility that the pressure medium overcomes this seal and escapes to the outside. In this case, too, there is no risk of damage, as this would only cause the bearing to sink a little until the leak is closed again by pressing together. The camp would remain fully functional.

Um den Randbereich der Elastomere-Platte noch besser gegen Überbeanspruchung durch Kerbwirkung zu schützen, wird erfindungsgemäß weiter vorgeschlagen, daß die Trennfolie an ihrem Umriß mit einem umlaufenden Ring aus Metall oder Kunststoff versehen ist. Bei einer Trennfolie aus Kunststoff kann ferner der umlaufende Außenrand mit einem nach oben gerichteten Wulst versehen sein, in weichem ein umlaufender Metallring einvulkanisiert ist.In order to protect the edge area of the elastomer plate even better against overstressing due to the notch effect, the invention further proposed that the release film is provided on its outline with a circumferential ring made of metal or plastic. In the case of a separating film made of plastic, the circumferential outer edge can furthermore be provided with an upwardly directed bead into which a circumferential metal ring is vulcanized.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt, die anschließend näher erläutert werden.In the drawing, embodiments of the invention are shown schematically, which are explained in more detail below.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein höhenverstellbares Lager, in der linken Hälfte im abgesenkten und in der rechten Hälfte in angehobenem Zustand,
  • Fig. 2 eine Einzelheit aus Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab im Schnitt und
  • Fig. 3 eine Alternative zu der Einzelheit gemäß Fig. 2.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a section through a height-adjustable bearing, in the left half in the lowered and in the right half in the raised state,
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale in section and
  • 3 shows an alternative to the detail according to FIG. 2.

In der linken Hälfte der Fig. 1 ist das höhenverstellbare Lager im abgesenkten Zustand dargestellt. Die Deckplatte ist mit 1 bezeichnet, der Behälterboden mit 2 und die Behälterwandung mit 3; durch diese Teile ist der Druckraum 14 gebildet.In the left half of Fig. 1, the height-adjustable bearing is shown in the lowered state. The cover plate is designated 1, the container bottom with 2 and the container wall with 3; the pressure chamber 14 is formed by these parts.

Auf dem Behälterboden 2 und umgeben von der Behälterwandung 3 ist die Elastomere-Platte 4 angeordnet.The elastomer plate 4 is arranged on the container bottom 2 and surrounded by the container wall 3.

In die Elastomere-Platte 4 ist parallel zum Behälterboden 2 verlaufend die Trennfolie 5 eingelassen, die bei der Fertigung der Elastomere-Platte 4 mit einem Trennmittel beschichtet wird, damit keine Verbindung zwischen dem Elastomere-Material und Trennfolien-Material entsteht. Mit ihrer Unterseite ist die Trennfolie 5 mit dem Mündungsstutzen 9 verbunden, der mittig mit einem Einpreßkanal 12 für das Druckmedium versehen ist. Der Mündungsstutzen 9 mit der Trennfolie 5 ist durch die Schraubbefestigung 11 mit dem Behälterboden 2 lösbar verbunden.In the elastomer plate 4 running parallel to the container bottom 2, the release film 5 is embedded, which is coated with a release agent in the manufacture of the elastomer plate 4, so that there is no connection between the elastomer material and the release film material. With its underside, the separating film 5 is connected to the mouthpiece 9, which is provided in the center with an injection channel 12 for the printing medium. The mouthpiece 9 with the separating film 5 is detachably connected to the container base 2 by the screw fastening 11.

Die Öffnung in der Elastomere-Platte 4, aus welcher das einzupressende Druckmedium austritt und den Raum oberhalb der Trennfolie 5 erfüllt ist mit 16 bezeichnet. Die infolge der eintretenden Volumenvergrößerung des Druckraumes eintretende Erhöhung des Lagers durch Vergrößerung der Höhe des Druckraumes ist mit 17 bezeichnet. Mit 15 ist der Abstand der Umrißerstreckung der Trennfolie 5 von der Wandung 3 des Behälters gekennzeichnet.The opening in the elastomer plate 4 from which the pressure medium to be pressed in exits and the space above the separating film 5 is identified by 16. The increase in the bearing that occurs as a result of the volume increase in the pressure chamber that occurs as a result of increasing the height of the pressure chamber is denoted by 17. With 15 the distance of the outline of the separating film 5 from the wall 3 of the container is marked.

Über den Einpreßkanal 12 wird ein Druckmedium von außen her eingepreßt. Das Druckmedium tritt nach oben aus der mittigen Öffnung der Trennfolie 5 aus und verteilt sich oberhalb der Trennfolie 5 in dem dadurch zwischen Trennfolie und im Inneren der Elastomere-Platte 4 entstehenden Hohlraum 13. Dadurch wird eine Vergrößerung des Volumens des Druckraumes 14 hervorgerufen und die Deckplatte 1 mit der Auflast wird angehoben.A pressure medium is pressed in from the outside via the press-in channel 12. The pressure medium emerges upward from the central opening of the separating film 5 and is distributed above the separating film 5 in the resulting cavity 13 between the separating film and inside the elastomer plate 4. This causes an increase in the volume of the pressure chamber 14 and the cover plate 1 with the ballast is raised.

Das Lager in angehobenem Zustand ist in der rechten Hälfte von Fig. 1 gezeigt. Erkennbar ist hier der mit dem Druckmedium ausgefüllte Hohlraum 13 in der Elastomere-Platte 4.The bearing in the raised state is shown in the right half of FIG. 1. The cavity 13 filled with the pressure medium in the elastomer plate 4 can be seen here.

Oberhalb der mittigen Ausnehmung der Trennfolie 5 ist in das Elastomere eine Schutzscheibe 10 eingeklebt, die die Aufgabe hat, das Elastomere vor Erosion durch das eingepreßte Druckmedium zu schützen.A protective disk 10 is glued into the elastomer above the central recess of the separating film 5 and has the task of protecting the elastomer from erosion by the pressed-in pressure medium.

Die Trennfolie 5 kann aus Kunststoff oder Metall hergestellt sein.The separating film 5 can be made of plastic or metal.

An der Peripherie der in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kreisrunden Trennfolie 5 ist ein Ring 6 angeordnet. Diese Einzelheit ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Der Ring besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus dem gleichen Material wie die Trennfolie. Dieser Ring 6 soll die Kerbwirkung auf das umgebende Elastomere verhindern.A ring 6 is arranged on the periphery of the separating film 5 which is circular in this exemplary embodiment. This detail is shown in Fig. 2. The ring expediently consists of the same material as the separating film. This ring 6 is intended to prevent the notch effect on the surrounding elastomer.

In Fig. 3 ist anstelle des umlaufenden Ringes der Außenrand der Trennfolie 5 mit einem oberseitigen Wulst 7 versehen, in den ein umlaufender Ring 8 aus Metall eingelassen ist. Bei dieser Variante bestehen Trennfolie 5 und Wulst 7 aus Kunststoff.In Fig. 3, instead of the circumferential ring, the outer edge of the separating film 5 is provided with a bead 7 on the top, into which a circumferential ring 8 made of metal is embedded. In this variant, separating film 5 and bead 7 are made of plastic.

Claims (6)

1. Vertically adjustable bearing for the transfer and raising/lowering of heavy loads, in particular of bridges, of which a vessel or reservoir made of steel has been provided with a thick plate (4) of elastomer being lodged on the bottom (2) of the vessel and receiving a cover plate (1) of which the height is adjustable within the wall (3) of the vessel and which serves to flexibly transfer the loads bearing thereon, via the plate (4) of elastomer to the bottom (2) of the vessel and said plate is provided with a peripheral circular or rectangular seal to fill the peripheral circular or rectangular gap between cover plate (1) and wall (3) of the vessel, it being possible with said bearing to press in a certain amount of a pressure medium, via a pressure pipe (12) routed from outside through the bottom (2) of the vessel, which will locally displace the elastomer material and increase the volume of the compression space (14) enclosed to all sides and formed by the bottom (2) of the vessel, the cover plate (1) and the wall (3) of the vessel in order to raise the cover plate (1) supporting the load, characterized in that, parallel to the bottom (2) of the vessel, a separation foil (5) has been embedded in the plate (4) of elastomer which is lodged on the bottom (2) of the vessel and which entirely fills the compression space (14) being enclosed to all sides, the separation foil being provided with a contour having a certain distance (15) to the wall (3) of the vessel and with at least one opening (16) connected to the pressure pipe (12) coming from the bottom (2) of the vessel and destined for the medium to be pressed in.
2. Bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that each opening (16) of the separation foil (5), which is connected to the pressure pipe (12) and which allows the penetration of the pressure medium to be pressed in, is also linked to the delivery channel of an outlet socket (9) being removably fixed to the bottom of the vessel and fitting the relevant recess in the lower face of the plate (4) of elastomer.
3. Bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation foil (5) consists of plastic material or of metal.
4. Bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (15) between the peripheral edge of the separation foil (5) and the wall (3) of the vessel amounts to approx % to'/,2 of the clear inside dimension of the compression space (14).
5. Bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral edge of the separation foil (5) is provided with a ring (6) of synthetic material or metal following the contour of the separation foil.
6. Bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral edge of the separation foil (5), made of synthetic material, is provided with a bead (7) showing upwards and containing a peripheral metal ring (8) which has been embedded by vulcanization.
EP85102782A 1984-03-21 1985-03-12 Vertically adjustable bearing for the transferring and raising and/or lowering of heavy loads, particularly of bridges Expired EP0155622B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102782T ATE43381T1 (en) 1984-03-21 1985-03-12 ADJUSTABLE BEARING FOR TRANSFER AND LIFT OR. LOWERING HEAVY LOADS FROM STRUCTURES, ESPECIALLY BRIDGE STRUCTURES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3410275 1984-03-21
DE3410275A DE3410275C1 (en) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Height-adjustable pot bearing for transferring and lifting or lowering heavy loads, especially in bridge construction

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155622A2 EP0155622A2 (en) 1985-09-25
EP0155622A3 EP0155622A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0155622B1 true EP0155622B1 (en) 1989-05-24

Family

ID=6231123

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102782A Expired EP0155622B1 (en) 1984-03-21 1985-03-12 Vertically adjustable bearing for the transferring and raising and/or lowering of heavy loads, particularly of bridges

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4610431A (en)
EP (1) EP0155622B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43381T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1236081A (en)
CS (1) CS257786B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3410275C1 (en)
IT (1) IT1176467B (en)

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DE3706387C2 (en) * 1987-02-27 1996-08-01 Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp Short stroke element
AT395047B (en) * 1990-11-21 1992-08-25 Reisner & Wolff Eng POT-LIKE HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
DE4119458A1 (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-17 Andrae Hans Peter KIPPLAGER FOR HEAVY LOADS
US6502524B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2003-01-07 Prosafe Production Pte Ltd. Turret support system and bearing unit
CN1145731C (en) * 2001-09-04 2004-04-14 上海磁悬浮交通发展有限公司 Regulatable supporter
CN109264614B (en) * 2018-10-30 2024-07-02 中山华宏精密模具机械有限公司 Thin lifting table
CN110184899A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-30 南京工业大学 Abutment structure capable of preventing vehicle bump at bridge head and preventing and treating method
CN110847026A (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-02-28 华中科技大学 Large-stroke adjustable support
CN114922058B (en) * 2022-07-04 2024-01-12 长沙理工大学 Hydraulic support capable of being secondarily and accurately heightened

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1176467B (en) 1987-08-18
CS202085A2 (en) 1987-09-17
US4610431A (en) 1986-09-09
IT8422032A0 (en) 1984-07-25
ATE43381T1 (en) 1989-06-15
CA1236081A (en) 1988-05-03
EP0155622A3 (en) 1986-12-30
DE3410275C1 (en) 1985-10-24
EP0155622A2 (en) 1985-09-25
CS257786B2 (en) 1988-06-15

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