EP0149571A2 - Beschleuniger mit mehreren Betriebszuständen - Google Patents

Beschleuniger mit mehreren Betriebszuständen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149571A2
EP0149571A2 EP85400027A EP85400027A EP0149571A2 EP 0149571 A2 EP0149571 A2 EP 0149571A2 EP 85400027 A EP85400027 A EP 85400027A EP 85400027 A EP85400027 A EP 85400027A EP 0149571 A2 EP0149571 A2 EP 0149571A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accelerator
main axis
symmetry
target
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85400027A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0149571A3 (en
EP0149571B1 (de
Inventor
Guy Azam
François Dugardin
Jacques Milcamps
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CGR MEV SA
Original Assignee
CGR MEV SA
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Publication date
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Application filed by CGR MEV SA filed Critical CGR MEV SA
Publication of EP0149571A2 publication Critical patent/EP0149571A2/de
Publication of EP0149571A3 publication Critical patent/EP0149571A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/10—Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-regimen accelerator of simple design, usable in particular in radiotherapy for treatments involving low or medium energies.
  • radiotherapy we distinguish between two other types of equipment: ray generators using radioactive sources, such as cobalt, and particle accelerators (especially electrons).
  • radioactive sources such as cobalt
  • particle accelerators especially electrons
  • the latter offer great flexibility of use and allow high energies to be reached, up to 40 MeV-electrons and 25 MeV-photons.
  • these devices are expensive.
  • the systems for adjusting and varying the power of the beam (to obtain the different operating modes) acting on the acceleration parameters, in particular the HF power have a lot to do with the cost price of the installation.
  • cobalt generator has its own qualities which make it still very popular with doctors, although the handling of radioactive sources requires a certain number of precautions.
  • Cobalt radiation is photon radiation, very penetrating, despite a low energy (1.3 MeV-photons) since 50% of the maximum dose is still available at 12 cm deep in the tissues.
  • the "dose to the skin" is relatively high, which has the consequence, in certain cases, of too much irradiation on the surface with risk of burns.
  • One of the aims of the invention therefore consists in developing a set of photon beam radiotherapy produced from an accelerator but whose characteristics are fairly close to those of cobalt with however additional possibilities and in particular that of being able to have several types of beams. For example, one could seek to obtain a beam having the same characteristics as the radiation of cobalt and also other beams having similar characteristics, in particular improved characteristics as regards the problem of the "dose to the skin”.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a low cost system, of the same order of magnitude as a cobalt generator.
  • the power of the accelerator remains constant (which makes it possible to save on high frequency wave adjustment systems) while variations in speed and beam characteristic are obtained.
  • switching targets, and / or filters at the accelerator outlet are switched targets, and / or filters at the accelerator outlet.
  • the invention therefore relates to a multi-speed accelerator of the particle beam type and comprising a target bombarded by said particle beam to generate a beam of photons, characterized in that the HF power supply of said accelerator is fixed at a predetermined level and in that it comprises several switchable targets and / or filters at the output of said accelerator, allowing a predetermined number of target-filter combinations to which correspond as many photon beams of different characteristics chosen.
  • the practitioner will rather be led to choose a type B curve, very similar to the cobalt curve but presenting a dose to the skin reduced by about half. .
  • the invention reserves this possibility for it, by means of a particle accelerator (electrons according to the example) simplified by the fact that the HF power supply is fixed there once for all at a predetermined level (elimination of all conventional electronic power adjustment systems, generally acting on the modulator) and of a set of switchable targets and / or filters at the output of said accelerator for choosing a beam characteristic conforming to a curve of type A or B, by means of simple mechanical selectors carrying the targets and / or filters.
  • a particle accelerator electroniclectrons according to the example
  • the HF power supply is fixed there once for all at a predetermined level (elimination of all conventional electronic power adjustment systems, generally acting on the modulator) and of a set of switchable targets and / or filters at the output of said accelerator for choosing a beam characteristic conforming to a curve of type A or B, by means of simple mechanical selectors carrying the targets and / or filters.
  • FIG. 2 the extreme part of a medium power electron accelerator II (approximately 4.5 MeV-electrons) has been shown.
  • This accelerator has a completely classic design, which is why it has not been described in detail. It can for example consist of a modulator controlling a magnetron, which is coupled by waveguide to a stack of cavities 13 forming a linear accelerating structure.
  • This accelerator has a main axis 14 which also represents the trajectory of the accelerated electrons.
  • the electron beam bombards a target, which generates a photon beam. The latter is delimited by means of a collimator 15.
  • the accelerator comprises a movable support 16 containing several targets 17, 18 each having a main axis of symmetry 19.
  • the trajectory of the support 16 passes opposite the output of the accelerator and positioning means, shown schematically according to the example by two ":" ées 20 between which the support 16 can move, are provided to align any axis 19 with the main axis 14 of the accelerator.
  • the characteristics of the photon beam conforming to a curve A or B are entirely determined by the choice of the material constituting the target and the dimensional characteristics of the latter.
  • the similar structural elements bear the same numerical references, a single target 22 has been provided, disposed at the outlet of the accelerator 1 and centered on its main axis 14.
  • a mobile support 23 contains several filters 24, 25 each having a main axis of symmetry 26.
  • the trajectory of the support 23 passes opposite the target and close to it while positioning means (stop 20a according to the example) are provided to align the axis 26 of any filter with the main axis 14 of the accelerator.
  • the role of filters 24, 25 is twofold. On the one hand, it makes it possible to model the spectral components of the photon beam, by attenuating them differently. It therefore has an energy filtering function which determines, the nature of the target being fixed a priori, a type A or B curve. Furthermore, it has an equalization function, due to its shape, allowing directional attenuation of the beam in order to obtain a uniform distribution of the dose at the patient level. It is known in fact that in an accelerator, the intensity of the beam decreases as one moves away from the axis 14. Consequently, in known manner, the filters 24 and 25 will have a pyramidal shape of preferably substantially conical.
  • the support 23 is essentially made of lead. It comprises cells 28 housing the conical filters.
  • the embodiment represented in FIG. 4 where the similar structural elements bear the same numerical references, comprises a support 30 containing several targets 32, 33 and several filters 34, 35.
  • the support 30 is subject to move opposite the output from accelerator 11. It is essentially made of lead and has two stages. The upper stage (closest to the accelerator) is pierced with holes 36 housing the targets 32 and 33, while the lower stage comprises, as in the case of FIG. 3, cells 28 housing the filters 34 and 35.
  • the holes and cells are such that the main axis of symmetry of the target 32 is coincident with the main axis of symmetry of the filter 34 and that the main axis of symmetry of the target 33 is coincident with the main axis of symmetry of the filter 35.
  • positioning means stops 20b
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 differs from the previous one only in that it comprises two independent supports 40, 41.
  • the support 40 contains several targets 32a, 33a each having a main axis of symmetry while the support 41 contains several filters 34a, 35a each having a main axis of symmetry.
  • the positioning means (stops 20c) with which the supports 40 and 41 cooperate make it possible to align the axis of symmetry of any filter and the axis of symmetry of any target with the main axis 14 of the accelerator.
  • the number of target-filter combinations is doubled with the same number of targets and filters.
  • the filter can be made of different materials, in particular tungsten, lead, copper, titanium, stainless steel or graphite.
  • the supports are drawers with rectilinear displacement. As indicated above, they are essentially made of lead but they will advantageously include steel slides (not shown).
  • the operating mechanism may be manual. If it is desired to have more than two targets and / or filters, motorized solutions can be adopted with remote control and positioning control, all of these maneuvering systems being within the reach of those skilled in the art. Positioning control can also be carried out using micro-contactors and microprocessor logic monitoring the states of these contactors.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another type of mobile support with a rotating barrel 50.
  • the axis of rotation 51 of this support is offset by the axis 14 of the accelerator so that the targets and / or filters can be positioned in alignment with this axis 14.
  • the support 50 is in two stages, one carrying the targets 52 and the other filters 53.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another type of mobile support possible in the general form of a spider 55.
  • This support is subject to movement in a double-slide system (not shown) defining two directions of straight and perpendicular movement.
  • the spider can thus carry up to 5 targets and / or filters.
  • the curve A or "cobalt curve" can be obtained using a flat tungsten target, of 2 mm thick and a conical filter 12 mm high and 25 mm in base diameter.
  • Curve B can be obtained using a target comprising a layer of tungsten of 1 mm and a layer of copper of 1 mm as well as a conical filter in stainless steel 16 mm high and 25 mm in base diameter.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP85400027A 1984-01-17 1985-01-08 Beschleuniger mit mehreren Betriebszuständen Expired EP0149571B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8400662 1984-01-17
FR8400662A FR2558327B1 (fr) 1984-01-17 1984-01-17 Accelerateur de particules multiregimes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0149571A2 true EP0149571A2 (de) 1985-07-24
EP0149571A3 EP0149571A3 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0149571B1 EP0149571B1 (de) 1988-03-09

Family

ID=9300193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400027A Expired EP0149571B1 (de) 1984-01-17 1985-01-08 Beschleuniger mit mehreren Betriebszuständen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4760590A (de)
EP (1) EP0149571B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1265246A (de)
DE (1) DE3561851D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2558327B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4627089A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-12-02 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Device for positioning a flattening filter in the center of an X-ray radiation
EP0239882A1 (de) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Probenanordnung für einen Elektronenstrahlbeschleuniger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2460089A (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-18 Elekta Ab Coincident treatment and imaging source

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1593516A (de) * 1968-05-21 1970-06-01
FR2243672A1 (de) * 1973-09-19 1975-04-11 Siemens Ag
US4095114A (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-06-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for scattering electrons
EP0021441A2 (de) * 1979-07-03 1981-01-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektronenbeschleuniger zur Röntgenstrahlentherapie

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3329847A (en) * 1964-07-22 1967-07-04 Friedman Herbert Stroboscopic x-ray tube
US4048496A (en) * 1972-05-08 1977-09-13 Albert Richard D Selectable wavelength X-ray source, spectrometer and assay method
US3919548A (en) * 1974-07-24 1975-11-11 David E Porter X-Ray energy spectrometer system
US4181858A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-01-01 Emi Limited Adjustable compensating device for radiographic apparatus
US4400827A (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-08-23 Spears James R Method and apparatus for calibrating rapid sequence radiography

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1593516A (de) * 1968-05-21 1970-06-01
FR2243672A1 (de) * 1973-09-19 1975-04-11 Siemens Ag
US4095114A (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-06-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for scattering electrons
EP0021441A2 (de) * 1979-07-03 1981-01-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektronenbeschleuniger zur Röntgenstrahlentherapie

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4627089A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-12-02 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Device for positioning a flattening filter in the center of an X-ray radiation
EP0239882A1 (de) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Probenanordnung für einen Elektronenstrahlbeschleuniger
US4737647A (en) * 1986-03-31 1988-04-12 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Target assembly for an electron linear accelerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2558327B1 (fr) 1986-04-25
US4760590A (en) 1988-07-26
CA1265246A (en) 1990-01-30
EP0149571A3 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0149571B1 (de) 1988-03-09
DE3561851D1 (en) 1988-04-14
FR2558327A1 (fr) 1985-07-19

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