EP0149449B1 - Hard metal body, in particular a cutting tool - Google Patents
Hard metal body, in particular a cutting tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0149449B1 EP0149449B1 EP84890252A EP84890252A EP0149449B1 EP 0149449 B1 EP0149449 B1 EP 0149449B1 EP 84890252 A EP84890252 A EP 84890252A EP 84890252 A EP84890252 A EP 84890252A EP 0149449 B1 EP0149449 B1 EP 0149449B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- hard
- metal body
- layer
- body according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007932 ZrCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hard metal body, in particular a hard metal cutting tool, with a coating based on carbides and / or nitrides of elements from IV.
- Such tools are used primarily in the machining of materials, in particular metalworking.
- Use A large number of coated hard metal bodies with a base body and mostly multi-layer coatings are known, but there is always the endeavor to achieve high cutting speeds with as little wear as possible and also to have a tool available which can also withstand high mechanical stresses, such as those with an interrupted one Occur cut, withstands. All efforts are aimed at still increasing the service life of the tools and the ease of machining. So z. B.
- such phenomena should be reduced if care is taken to ensure that oxygen introduction is avoided at least in certain areas of the base body coating by first providing the base body with a carbide-nitride or carbonitride layer, Then diffusion from the substrate into the layer or vice versa takes place, which is followed by a highly wear-resistant coating with oxide. Before this oxidic layer is applied, the intermediate coating can be oxidized from the outside in order to improve the adhesion, but only in a layer thickness that does not reach the substrate.
- a multi-layer coating is also known from EU-A-0 083 842, in which a binding layer made of carbide or oxycarbide compounds is oxidized on the surface and bears an oxidic wear layer.
- the surface oxidation of the binding layer is intended to improve the adhesive strength of the oxidic outer layer, an intermediate layer between the binding layer and the substrate also being proposed.
- Such bodies can admittedly have a wear layer adhering firmly to the binding layer, in the binding layer itself or in the zones on the substrate surface, brittle layers arise in particular as a result of the oxygen diffusion when subjected to thermal stress, which layers adversely affect the performance properties of the tools.
- a coating is made known which is formed from homogeneous individual layers with an alternating composition, whereby the thermal stresses are to be reduced and the wear resistance is to be increased. If the individual layers are applied alternately with up to seven intermediate layers, flaking of the coating can occur in practical use due to the resulting stress.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, unexamined applications, Field C, Volume 6, No. 186, September 22, 1982; The Patent Office Japanese Government, page 7 C 126; Kokai no. 57-98 670 (Sumitomo) has become known a cutting tool made of coated hard metal, in which one or more titanium compounds are applied to a substrate, on which there is an outer layer made of A1 2 0 3 .
- the titanium compound (s) consists of a titanium oxide, the oxygen being partially replaced by carbon and nitrogen. At higher working temperatures, in particular due to oxygen diffusion, intermediate layers of this type lead to brittle layer regions which favor the chipping of the cover layer, in particular on the substrate, as a result of which the service life of the tool is reduced.
- the invention relates to a hard metal body, in particular a hard metal cutting tool, of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that a first coating formed from one or more layers with at least one 0.1 to 2.5 atom% is formed directly on the substrate of the basic body.
- the above-mentioned inclusions have at least substantial proportions of metal boride.
- the body can optionally be heat treated and / or compacted.
- the oxycarbide, carbonitride or nitride - particularly preferred oxycarbonitride - of the first coating has an aluminum content of 0.5 to 2 atomic% and an oxygen content of 1 to 5 atomic%, this is particularly reliable adhesion guaranteed both coatings, it should be noted that even with zirconium oxide-containing second coating aluminum alone is able to bring the beneficial effect.
- the first coating has two or more layers of oxycarbide, oxycarbonitride or oxynitride, preferably oxycarbonitride, at least one of the above-mentioned elements, the aluminum content of the individual layers being one of them directly on the substrate bordering layer is rising away to the outside.
- the oxygen content with concentrations of 0.1 to 8 atom%, preferably 1 to 5 atom%, of the oxycarbide, oxycarbonitride or oxynitride layer (s) of the first coating has no adverse effect.
- the first coating comprises two or more layers with an oxycarbide or oxycarbonitride or oxynitride, preferably has oxycarbonitride, at least one of the above-mentioned elements, the oxygen content of the individual layers increasing outwards from the layer directly adjacent to the substrate, with even better operating behavior being achievable if the oxygen content in the first coating is different layer directly adjacent to the substrate, preferably substantially linearly increasing. Very thin individual layers can also be present, so that the increase is practically continuous.
- the oxidic coating it is advantageous if it or at least some of its layers have or have zirconium of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
- the second coating has two or more oxide layers
- the zirconium content of the individual layers increasing outwards from a layer which may be zirconium-free and which immediately adjoins the first coating, can be removed among others estimate the abrasion on the surfaces subject to wear and thus the remaining tool life, whereby an essentially linear - gradual or continuous - increase in the zirconium content is particularly favorable in this respect.
- unintentional downtimes can be largely avoided.
- the doping of the first coating or of its layers with aluminum itself has a stabilizing effect, so that the presence of zirconium is not urgent per se, the oxidic layer of the second coating immediately adjacent to the first coating can therefore also have a zirconium-free layer with aluminum oxide.
- a further substantial increase in wear resistance can be achieved if the boride-containing inclusions provided in the second coating are those with aluminum and / or zirconium boride.
- a particularly intimate yet improved bond between the individual layers of the coatings can be achieved in particular by heat treatment or by means of hot pressing to be advantageously provided.
- a body according to the invention is therefore particularly preferred if the substrate and layer (s) of the first and second coating each have diffusion zones with one another.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing hard metal bodies, in particular cutting tool bodies, as described so far, the body optionally being subjected to heat or heat treatment, preferably thermal diffusion treatment, in particular at temperatures from 900 to 1600 ° C., preferably from 1100 to 1500 ° C. and / or a post-compression process, preferably an isostatic hot pressing, in particular at pressures of 500 to 2500 bar.
- heat or heat treatment preferably thermal diffusion treatment, in particular at temperatures from 900 to 1600 ° C., preferably from 1100 to 1500 ° C. and / or a post-compression process, preferably an isostatic hot pressing, in particular at pressures of 500 to 2500 bar.
- Cuts made of hard metal (85% WC, 9.5% TiC + TaC, 5.5% Co) are heated in a furnace under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1000 ° C, and then for 60 minutes with a gas mixture with 5 % TiCl 4 , 80% H 2 , 5% N 2 , 5% CH 4 and 5% CO treated. Then the gas mixture AICI 3 is mixed in amounts of 0.5% (test series 1a) and 1% (test series 1b) with small amounts of CO (2% each) based on AICI 3 .
- the total pressure in the furnace is 150 mbar during the treatments. After a treatment period of 210 minutes, an approximately 3 ⁇ m thick, completely dense oxycarbonitride layer was formed, which, in each case on average in the case of the test series 1a with 0.5 atom% AI and in those of the test series 1 with 1.4 Atom% AI was doped.
- Cuts made of hard metal (91% WC, 2.5% TiC + TaC, 6.5% Co) are heated in an oven under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1000 ° C and then for 40 minutes with a gas mixture with 8% TiCl 4, 2% ZrCl4, 70% hydrogen, 15% N 2 and 5% C0 2 initially (experiment A) treated. Thereafter is replaced at intervals of 10 min each for 5 min the TiC1 4 by AICI 3 and continuously 2 content of the C0 2 content is increased from 5 to 15% under the corresponding reduction of the H.
- the total pressure in the furnace during this treatment is 650 mbar. After 90 minutes there was an approximately 2.5 ⁇ m thick oxynitride layer in which the Al content was 0.9 atomic% on average and the oxygen content from the substrate to the outside from 0.5 to 3.5 atoms -% increase, trained.
- test series 2a and 2b were maintained.
- the coated material obtained contained no aluminum in its hard material layer.
- Cuts made of hard metal (79% WC, 10% TiC + TaC, 11% Co) are heated in a furnace under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1020 ° C, and then for 90 minutes with a gas mixture with 5% TiCl 4 , Treated 70% H 2 and 25% CH 4 .
- the working pressure in the furnace is 200 mbar.
- the temperature is then increased to 1050 ° C. and at a working pressure of 150 mbar, 5% AICI 3 and 5% CO 2 are then added alternately for 5 minutes to the gas mixture for 120 minutes, each time with a corresponding reduction in the hydrogen content.
- test series 3a After a total duration of 150 min, a coating was formed in test series 3a which had an Al content of 1.5 atom% AI and 6 atom% oxygen enriched against the outer surface, while Al and the oxygen were close to the substrate -Content below 0.1 atom%.
- Cutting bodies according to the preceding examples and test series are treated in a gas mixture with 10% AICI 3 , 80% H 2 , 5% CO 2 and 5% ZrCl 4 for 120 min at a temperature of 1020 ° C, during which period at regular intervals of 8 min the proportion of CO 2 is reduced in each case for 2 minutes and replaced by BCl 3 .
- Oxidic coatings are formed on the cutting bodies, which have embedded borides of aluminum or zirconium.
- Cutting bodies according to the preceding examples and test series are treated in a gas mixture with initially 10% AlCl 3 , 70% hydrogen, 12% CO 2 , 5% ZrCl 4 and 3% HCl at 1030 ° C and a working pressure of 200 mbar in such a way that the AlCl 3 content is continuously reduced to 60% of the initial value over a period of 150 min and at the same time the ZrCl 4 content is increased accordingly, so that the total AlCl 3 + ZrCl 4 remains constant.
- An approximately 2 ⁇ m thick layer with an outer zone rich in Zr0 2 is obtained.
- the flexibility of the layers and their adhesion that can be achieved by installing Al in the base layer is particularly positive.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hartmetallkörper, insbesondere ein Hartmetall-Schneidwerkzeug, mit Beschichtung auf Basis von Karbiden und/oder Nitriden von Elementen der IV. bis VI. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems und mindestens einer weiteren Beschichtung auf Basis von Aluminiumoxid und/oder Zirkoniumoxid.The invention relates to a hard metal body, in particular a hard metal cutting tool, with a coating based on carbides and / or nitrides of elements from IV. To VI. Sub-group of the periodic table and at least one other coating based on aluminum oxide and / or zirconium oxide.
Solche Werkzeuge finden vor allem in der spanabhebenden Material-, insbesondere Metallbearbeitung, Verwendung, es seien z. B. Dreh-, Schneid-, und Fräswerkzeuge, Fräsköpfe, Bohrer, Sägen und dgl. genannt. Sie können weiters auch für nicht spanabhebende Verformung, wie z. B. als Matrizen, Düsen, Preßstempel, Gesenke od. dgl. Einsatz finden. Es ist eine große Anzahl von beschichteten Hartmetallkörpern mit Grundkörper und meist mehrlagigen Beschichtungen bekannt, wobei immer das Bestreben besteht, hohe Schnittgeschwindigkeiten bei möglichst geringem Verschleiß zu erreichen und außerdem ein Werkzeug zur Verfügung zu haben, welches auch hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie beispielsweise bei unterbrochenem Schnitt auftreten, standhält. Alle Bestrebungen sind darauf ausgerichtet, die Standzeit der Werkzeuge und den Bearbeitungskomfort immer noch zu erhöhen. So ist z. B. aus der US-PS-40 18 631 bekannt, einen Schneidkörper mit Mehrfachbeschichtung herzustellen, bei dem auf ein gesintertes Karbidsubstrat eine Karbid-, Nitrid- oder Karbonitrid-Beschichtung aufgebracht wird, dann aus dem Grundkörper Elemente, wie Wolfram und Kobalt, in den Überzug eindiffundieren gelassen werden, danach die Beschichtung oxidiert wird und auf die so vorbehandelte Beschichtung eine oxidische Schicht aufgebracht wird. Nachteil solcher Körper ist, daß die beim beschriebenen Vorgang gebildete Oxidschicht zu Volumsexpansion neigt. Gemäß EP-PS 32 887 sollen solche Erscheinungen vermindert sein, wenn dafür Sorge getragen ist, daß Sauerstoff-Einbringung zumindest in bestimmte Bereiche der Grundkörper-Beschichtung vermieden wird, indem der Grundkörper zuerst mit einer Karbid-Nitrid- oder Karbonitrid-Schicht versehen wird, danach Diffusion vom Substrat in die Schicht oder umgekehrt erfolgt, wonach eine hochverschleißfeste Beschichtung mit Oxid folgt. Bevor diese oxidische Schicht aufgebracht wird, kann zur Verbesserung der Haftung, jedoch nur in einer das Substrat nicht erreichenden Schichtdicke, die Zwischenbeschichtung von außen her anoxidiert werden.Such tools are used primarily in the machining of materials, in particular metalworking. B. turning, cutting, and milling tools, milling heads, drills, saws and the like. You can also for non-cutting deformation, such as. B. as matrices, nozzles, ram, dies or the like. Use. A large number of coated hard metal bodies with a base body and mostly multi-layer coatings are known, but there is always the endeavor to achieve high cutting speeds with as little wear as possible and also to have a tool available which can also withstand high mechanical stresses, such as those with an interrupted one Occur cut, withstands. All efforts are aimed at still increasing the service life of the tools and the ease of machining. So z. B. from US-PS-40 18 631 known to produce a cutting body with multiple coating, in which a carbide, nitride or carbonitride coating is applied to a sintered carbide substrate, then elements such as tungsten and cobalt from the base body the coating is allowed to diffuse in, then the coating is oxidized and an oxidic layer is applied to the pretreated coating. The disadvantage of such bodies is that the oxide layer formed in the process described tends to expand in volume. According to EP-PS 32 887, such phenomena should be reduced if care is taken to ensure that oxygen introduction is avoided at least in certain areas of the base body coating by first providing the base body with a carbide-nitride or carbonitride layer, Then diffusion from the substrate into the layer or vice versa takes place, which is followed by a highly wear-resistant coating with oxide. Before this oxidic layer is applied, the intermediate coating can be oxidized from the outside in order to improve the adhesion, but only in a layer thickness that does not reach the substrate.
Auch aus EU-A-0 083 842 ist eine mehrlagige Beschichtung bekannt, bei welcher eine Bindeschicht aus Karbid oder Oxikarbidverbindungen oberflächlich oxidiert ist und eine oxidische Verschleißschicht trägt. Durch die Oberflächenoxidation der Bindeschicht soll auf dieser die Haftfestigkeit der oxidischen Außenschicht verbessert werden, wobei auch eine Zwischenschicht zwischen Bindeschicht und Substrat also eine dritte Beschichtung vorgeschlagen wird. Solche Körper können zwar eine auf der Bindeschicht fest haftende Verschleißschicht aufweisen, in der Bindeschicht selbst oder in den Zonen an der Substratoberfläche entstehen insbesondere durch die Sauerstoffdiffusion bei thermischer Belastung spröde Schichten, die die Gebrauchseigenschaften der Werkzeuge nachteilig beeinflussen. Weiters wird beispielsweise in EU-PA-0 083 043 eine Beschichtung bekanntgemacht, die aus homogenen Einzelschichten mit abwechselnder Zusammensetzung gebildet wird, wodurch die thermisch bedingten Spannungen verkleinert und eine Steigerung der Verschleißfestigkeit bewirkt werden soll. Wenn auch die Einzelschichten im Wechsel mit bis zu sieben Zwischenschichten aufgebracht sind, können im praktischen Gebrauch Abplatzungen der Beschichtung aufgrund der resultierenden Belastung entstehen. In Patent Abstracts of Japan, unexamined applications, Field C, Band 6, Nr. 186, 22. September 1982; The Patent Office Japanese Government, Seite 7 C 126; Kokai-Nr. 57-98 670 (Sumitomo) ist ein Schneidwerkzeug aus beschichtetem Hartmetall bekanntgeworden, bei welchem auf ein Substrat ein oder mehrere Titanverbindungen aufgebracht sind, worauf sich eine Außenschicht aus A1203 befindet. Die Titanverbindung(en) besteht(en) aus einem Titanoxid, wobei der Sauerstoff teilweise durch Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff ersetzt ist. Derartige Zwischenschichten führen bei höheren Arbeitstemperaturen, insbesondere durch die Sauerstoffdiffusion zu spröden, das Abplatzen der Deckschicht begünstigenden Schichtbereichen, insbesondere am Substrat, wodurch die Standzeit des Werkzeuges vermindert wird.A multi-layer coating is also known from EU-A-0 083 842, in which a binding layer made of carbide or oxycarbide compounds is oxidized on the surface and bears an oxidic wear layer. The surface oxidation of the binding layer is intended to improve the adhesive strength of the oxidic outer layer, an intermediate layer between the binding layer and the substrate also being proposed. Such bodies can admittedly have a wear layer adhering firmly to the binding layer, in the binding layer itself or in the zones on the substrate surface, brittle layers arise in particular as a result of the oxygen diffusion when subjected to thermal stress, which layers adversely affect the performance properties of the tools. Furthermore, for example in EU-PA-0 083 043 a coating is made known which is formed from homogeneous individual layers with an alternating composition, whereby the thermal stresses are to be reduced and the wear resistance is to be increased. If the individual layers are applied alternately with up to seven intermediate layers, flaking of the coating can occur in practical use due to the resulting stress. In Patent Abstracts of Japan, unexamined applications, Field C, Volume 6, No. 186, September 22, 1982; The Patent Office Japanese Government, page 7 C 126; Kokai no. 57-98 670 (Sumitomo) has become known a cutting tool made of coated hard metal, in which one or more titanium compounds are applied to a substrate, on which there is an outer layer made of A1 2 0 3 . The titanium compound (s) consists of a titanium oxide, the oxygen being partially replaced by carbon and nitrogen. At higher working temperatures, in particular due to oxygen diffusion, intermediate layers of this type lead to brittle layer regions which favor the chipping of the cover layer, in particular on the substrate, as a result of which the service life of the tool is reduced.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die Probleme, die infolge der unterschiedlichen physikalischen und GebrauchsEigenschaften sowie Zweckbestimmung der einzelnen Lagen von Beschichtungen von Hartstoffkörpern mit hochverschleißfesten oxidischen Außen-Beschichtungen auftreten, weitestgehend ausschaltbar sind, wenn die auf dem Grundkörper bzw. Substrat befindliche Beschichtung unter Einhaltung bestimmter Mengengrenzen mit einem Element, das in der Außenbeschichtung anwesend bzw. mit ihm wesensverwandt ist, dotiert wird. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Hartmetallkörper, insbesondere ein Hartmetallschneidwerkzeug, der eingangs genannten Art, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß unmittelbar auf dem Substrat des Grundkörpers eine aus einer oder mehreren Lagen gebildete erste Beschichtung mit zumindest einer 0,1 bis 2,5 Atom-% Aluminium und 0,1 bis 8,0 Atom-% Sauerstoff aufweisenden Schicht aus Oxikarbid, Oxikarbonitrid oder Oxinitrid, zumindest eines der Elemente Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta und Cr, aufgebracht ist, über welcher eine zweite, oxidische Beschichtung aus einer oder mehreren Schichten aus Oxid von Aluminium und/oder Zirkonium angeordnet ist, wobei die oxidische Schicht oder zumindest eine Schicht der zweiten Beschichtung boridhältige Einlagerungen aufweisen kann. Die genannten Einlagerungen weisen zumindest wesentliche Anteile Metallborid auf. Der Körper kann gegebenenfalls hitzebehandelt und/oder kompaktiert sein.It has now been found that the problems which arise as a result of the different physical and usage properties and intended use of the individual layers of coatings of hard material bodies with highly wear-resistant oxidic outer coatings can be largely eliminated if the coating on the base body or substrate is in compliance with certain conditions Quantity limits are doped with an element that is present in the outer coating or is related to it. The invention relates to a hard metal body, in particular a hard metal cutting tool, of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that a first coating formed from one or more layers with at least one 0.1 to 2.5 atom% is formed directly on the substrate of the basic body. Aluminum and 0.1 to 8.0 atomic% oxygen-containing layer of oxycarbide, oxycarbonitride or oxynitride, at least one of the elements Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Cr, is applied, over which a second, oxidic coating is arranged from one or more layers of oxide of aluminum and / or zirconium, wherein the oxide layer or at least one layer of the second coating may have boride-containing inclusions. The above-mentioned inclusions have at least substantial proportions of metal boride. The body can optionally be heat treated and / or compacted.
Es wurde gefunden, daß der Einbau von Aluminium und Sauerstoff in den genannten kleinen Mengen in die erste Beschichtung den Effekt eines praktisch stufenlosen Eigenschaftsüberganges der Einzellagen der Beschichtung ineinander erbringt, sodaß sich die jeweils spezifischen günstigen Eigenschaften von karbidischen und/oder nitridischen Schichten synergistisch mit den ausgezeichneten Verschleißeigenschaften von oxidischen (Außen)Beschichtungen kombinieren lassen. Nicht nur die Übergänge zwischen den beiden Haupt-Typen der Beschichtung, sondern auch jener vom Substrat zu den Beschichtungen zeichnet sich durch Flexibilität und hohe Haftung aus. Es wurde gefunden, daß eine Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff auch in unmittelbar an das Substrat angrenzender Schicht unproblematisch ist. Mit den neuen Hartmetallkörpern können hohe Schnittgeschwindigkeiten sowie hohe Bearbeitungsökonomie bei gleichzeitig verbesserten Standzeiten erreicht werden.It has been found that the incorporation of aluminum and oxygen in the small amounts mentioned into the first coating produces the effect of a practically stepless transfer of properties of the individual layers of the coating to one another, so that the respectively specific favorable properties of carbide and / or nitride layers are synergistic with the excellent wear properties can be combined with oxidic (external) coatings. Not only the transitions between the two main types of coating, but also those from the substrate to the coatings are characterized by flexibility and high adhesion. It has been found that the presence of oxygen is not a problem even in the layer immediately adjacent to the substrate. With the new carbide bodies, high cutting speeds as well as high machining economy with improved tool life can be achieved.
Wenn das Oxikarbid, -karbonitrid oder -nitrid - besonders bevorzugt ist Oxikarbonitrid - der ersten Beschichtung einen Gehalt an Aluminium von 0,5 bis 2 Atom-% und einen Gehalt an Sauerstoff von 1 bis 5 Atom-% aufweist, ist besonders sicheres Haften der beiden Beschichtungen gewährleistet, wobei anzumerken ist, daß auch bei Zirkonoxid aufweisender zweiter Beschichtung Aluminium allein den günstigen Effekt zu bringen imstande ist.If the oxycarbide, carbonitride or nitride - particularly preferred oxycarbonitride - of the first coating has an aluminum content of 0.5 to 2 atomic% and an oxygen content of 1 to 5 atomic%, this is particularly reliable adhesion guaranteed both coatings, it should be noted that even with zirconium oxide-containing second coating aluminum alone is able to bring the beneficial effect.
Hohe Standzeiten trotz ökonomisch hoher Schnittgeschwindigkeiten sind zu erzielen, wenn die erste Beschichtung zwei oder mehrere Schichten mit Oxikarbid, Oxikarbonitrid oder Oxinitrid, vorzugsweise Oxikarbonitrid, zumindest eines der oben genannten Elemente aufweist, wobei der Aluminium-Gehalt der einzelnen Schichten von einer unmittelbar an das Substrat grenzenden Schicht weg nach außen hin steigend ist.Long service lives despite economically high cutting speeds can be achieved if the first coating has two or more layers of oxycarbide, oxycarbonitride or oxynitride, preferably oxycarbonitride, at least one of the above-mentioned elements, the aluminum content of the individual layers being one of them directly on the substrate bordering layer is rising away to the outside.
In dieser Richtung weitere Verbesserungen können erzielt werden, wenn der Aluminium-Gehalt der Schichten der ersten Beschichtung von der unmittelbar an das Substrat grenzenden Schicht nach außen hin im wesentlichen linear steigend ist. Der Anstieg des Aluminium-Gehaltes kann dabei stufenweise, oder praktisch kontinuierlich sein.Further improvements in this direction can be achieved if the aluminum content of the layers of the first coating increases essentially linearly outwards from the layer immediately adjacent to the substrate. The increase in the aluminum content can be gradual or practically continuous.
Es hat sich in der Praxis erwiesen, daß der Sauerstoff-Gehalt mit Konzentrationen von 0,1 bis 8 Atom-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Atom-%, der Oxikarbid-, Oxikarbonitrid-, oder Oxinitrid-Schicht(en) der ersten Beschichtung keinesfalls nachteilige Wirkung hat.It has been found in practice that the oxygen content with concentrations of 0.1 to 8 atom%, preferably 1 to 5 atom%, of the oxycarbide, oxycarbonitride or oxynitride layer (s) of the first coating has no adverse effect.
Ähnlich wie das Vorhandensein von Aluminium, dessen Gehalt günstigerweise zusätzlich nach außen hin ansteigend gehalten werden kann, ist es im Hinblick auf den Übergang zum oxidischen Überzug hin weiters technisch vorteilhaft, wenn die erste Beschichtung zwei oder mehr Schichten mit einem Oxikarbid oder Oxikarbonitrid oder Oxinitrid, vorzugsweise Oxikarbonitrid, zumindest eines der oben genannten Elemente aufweist, wobei der Sauerstoff-Gehalt der einzelnen Schichten von der unmittelbar an das Substrat grenzenden Schicht weg nach außen hin steigend ist, wobei noch besseres Betriebsverhalten erzielbar ist, wenn der Sauerstoffgehalt in der ersten Beschichtung von der unmittelbar an das Substrat grenzenden Schicht weg nach außen, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen linear-steigend ist. Dabei können auch sehr dünne Einzelschichten vorhanden sein, sodaß der Anstieg praktisch kontinuierlich ist.Similar to the presence of aluminum, the content of which can advantageously also be kept increasing towards the outside, it is also technically advantageous with regard to the transition to the oxide coating if the first coating comprises two or more layers with an oxycarbide or oxycarbonitride or oxynitride, preferably has oxycarbonitride, at least one of the above-mentioned elements, the oxygen content of the individual layers increasing outwards from the layer directly adjacent to the substrate, with even better operating behavior being achievable if the oxygen content in the first coating is different layer directly adjacent to the substrate, preferably substantially linearly increasing. Very thin individual layers can also be present, so that the increase is practically continuous.
Für eine hohe Stabilisierung der oxidischen Beschichtung ist es vorteilhaft, wenn diese bzw. zumindest einzelne von deren Schichten Zirkonium von 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 15 Gew.-%, aufweist bzw. aufweisen.For high stabilization of the oxidic coating, it is advantageous if it or at least some of its layers have or have zirconium of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
Wenn, wie gemäß einer weiteren Variante vorgesehen, die zweite Beschichtung zwei oder mehr oxidische Schichten aufweist, wobei der Zirkonium-Gehalt der einzelnen Schichten von einer unmittelbar an die erste Beschichtung grenzenden, gegebenenfalls zirkonium-freien Schicht weg nach außen hin steigend ist, lassen sich u.a. die Abtragung an den verschleißbeanspruchten Flächen und damit die noch ausstehenden Standzeiten der Werkzeuge abschätzen, wobei auch in dieser Hinsicht ein im wesentlichen linearer - stufenweiser oder kontinuierlicher - Anstieg des Zirkoniumgehaltes besonders günstig ist. Mit einer solchen Abschätzungsmöglichkeit sind unbeabsichtigte Stillstandzeiten weitgehend vermeidbar.If, as provided in accordance with a further variant, the second coating has two or more oxide layers, the zirconium content of the individual layers increasing outwards from a layer which may be zirconium-free and which immediately adjoins the first coating, can be removed among others estimate the abrasion on the surfaces subject to wear and thus the remaining tool life, whereby an essentially linear - gradual or continuous - increase in the zirconium content is particularly favorable in this respect. With such an estimation option, unintentional downtimes can be largely avoided.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Dotation der ersten Beschichtung bzw. von deren Schichten mit Aluminium an sich stabilisierend wirkt, sodaß Anwesenheit von Zirkonium an sich nicht dringlich ist, es kann daher die an die erste Beschichtung unmittelbar angrenzende oxidische Schicht der zweiten Beschichtung auch eine zirkonium-freie Schicht mit Aluminiumoxid sein.It has been shown that the doping of the first coating or of its layers with aluminum itself has a stabilizing effect, so that the presence of zirconium is not urgent per se, the oxidic layer of the second coating immediately adjacent to the first coating can therefore also have a zirconium-free layer with aluminum oxide.
Weitere wesentliche Verschleißfestigkeitserhöhung läßt sich erreichen, wenn die in der zweiten Beschichtung vorgesehenen boridhältigen Einlagerungen solche mit Aluminium- und/oder Zirkoniumborid sind.A further substantial increase in wear resistance can be achieved if the boride-containing inclusions provided in the second coating are those with aluminum and / or zirconium boride.
Insbesondere durch Wärmebehandlung oder durch ein vorteilhafterweise vorzusehendes Heißpressen kann ein besonders inniger noch verbesserter Verbund der einzelnen Lagen der Beschichtungen erzielt werden. Es ist also ein Körper gemäß der Erfindung besonders bevorzugt, wenn Substrat und Schicht(en) der ersten und zweiten Beschichtung jeweils untereinander Diffusionszonen aufweisen.A particularly intimate yet improved bond between the individual layers of the coatings can be achieved in particular by heat treatment or by means of hot pressing to be advantageously provided. A body according to the invention is therefore particularly preferred if the substrate and layer (s) of the first and second coating each have diffusion zones with one another.
Weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von wie bisher beschriebenen Hartmetallkörpern, insbesondere Schneidwerkzeugkörpern, wobei der Körper gegebenenfalls einer Wärme- bzw. Hitzebehandlung, vorzugsweise Thermodiffusionsbehandlung, insbesondere bei Temperaturen von 900 bis 1600°C, vorzugsweise von 1100 bis 1500°C, und/oder einem Nachverdichtungsvorgang, vorzugsweise einem isostatischen Heißpressen, insbesondere bei Drücken von 500 bis 2500 bar, unterworfen wird.The invention further relates to a method for producing hard metal bodies, in particular cutting tool bodies, as described so far, the body optionally being subjected to heat or heat treatment, preferably thermal diffusion treatment, in particular at temperatures from 900 to 1600 ° C., preferably from 1100 to 1500 ° C. and / or a post-compression process, preferably an isostatic hot pressing, in particular at pressures of 500 to 2500 bar.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Beispielen mit Ergebnissen aus Testversuchen mit den neuen Schneidkörpern erläutert.The invention is explained below on the basis of examples with results from test trials with the new cutting bodies.
Schneidkörper aus Hartmetall (85 % WC, 9,5 % TiC + TaC, 5,5 % Co) werden in einem Ofen unter Schutzgas bzw. Vakuum auf eine Temperatur von 1000°C aufgeheizt, und danach 60 min lang mit einem Gasgemisch mit 5 % TiCl4, 80 % H2, 5 % N2, 5 % CH4 und 5 % CO behandelt. Danach wird dem Gasgemisch AICI3 in Mengen von 0,5 % (Versuchsreihe 1a) und 1 % (Versuchsreihe 1b) mit geringen Mengen CO (jeweils 2 %) bezogen auf AICI3 zugemischt.Cuts made of hard metal (85% WC, 9.5% TiC + TaC, 5.5% Co) are heated in a furnace under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1000 ° C, and then for 60 minutes with a gas mixture with 5 % TiCl 4 , 80% H 2 , 5% N 2 , 5% CH 4 and 5% CO treated. Then the gas mixture AICI 3 is mixed in amounts of 0.5% (test series 1a) and 1% (test series 1b) with small amounts of CO (2% each) based on AICI 3 .
Für Vergleichszwecke unterblieb die Zumischung von AICI3. (Versuchsreihe 1c)AICI 3 was not added for comparison purposes. (Test series 1c)
Der Gesamtdruck im Ofen beträgt während den Behandlungen 150 mbar. Nach einer Behandlungsdauer von 210 min hat sich eine etwa 3 µm dicke, völlig dichte Oxikarbonitrid-Schicht gebildet, die, jeweils im Mittel bei den Körpern der Versuchsreihe 1a mit 0,5 Atom-% AI und bei jenen der Versuchsreihe 1 mit 1,4 Atom-% AI dotiert war.The total pressure in the furnace is 150 mbar during the treatments. After a treatment period of 210 minutes, an approximately 3 µm thick, completely dense oxycarbonitride layer was formed, which, in each case on average in the case of the test series 1a with 0.5 atom% AI and in those of the test series 1 with 1.4 Atom% AI was doped.
Schneidkörper aus Hartmetall (91 % WC, 2,5 % TiC + TaC, 6,5 % Co) werden in einem Ofen unter Schutzgas oder Vakuum auf eine Temperatur von 1000° C aufgeheizt und danach 40 min lang mit einem Gasgemisch mit 8 % TiCl4, 2 % ZrCl4, 70 % Wasserstoff, 15 % N2 und anfänglich 5 % C02 (Versuch A) behandelt. Danach wird in Intervallen von jeweils 10 min jeweils für 5 min das TiC14 durch AICI3 ersetzt und kontinuierlich wird unter entsprechender Reduktion des H2-Gehaltes der Gehalt an C02 von 5 auf 15 % gesteigert. Der Gesamtdruck im Ofen beträgt während dieser Behandlung 650 mbar. Nach 90 min hat sich eine etwa 2,5 µm dicke Oxinitrid-Schicht, in welcher der Al-Gehalt durchschnittlich 0,9 Atom-% betrug, und der Sauerstoff-Gehalt vom Substrat nach außen hin von 0,5 auf 3,5 Atom-% anstieg, ausgebildet.Cuts made of hard metal (91% WC, 2.5% TiC + TaC, 6.5% Co) are heated in an oven under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1000 ° C and then for 40 minutes with a gas mixture with 8% TiCl 4, 2% ZrCl4, 70% hydrogen, 15% N 2 and 5% C0 2 initially (experiment A) treated. Thereafter is replaced at intervals of 10 min each for 5 min the TiC1 4 by AICI 3 and continuously 2 content of the C0 2 content is increased from 5 to 15% under the corresponding reduction of the H. The total pressure in the furnace during this treatment is 650 mbar. After 90 minutes there was an approximately 2.5 μm thick oxynitride layer in which the Al content was 0.9 atomic% on average and the oxygen content from the substrate to the outside from 0.5 to 3.5 atoms -% increase, trained.
Es wird in gleicher Weise vorgegangen, wie in Versuchsreihe 2a, jedoch wurden statt 15 % N2 im Gasgemisch 7,5 % N2 und 7,5 % CH4 eingesetzt. Es wird eine ebenfalls etwa 2,5 µm dicke Oxikarbonitrid-Schicht mit im wesentlichen ähnlichen Aluminiumgehalten und Sauerstoffgehalten, wie für Versuch 2a angegeben, auf dem Substrat abgeschieden.The procedure is the same as in test series 2a, but instead of 15% N 2 in the gas mixture, 7.5% N 2 and 7.5% CH 4 were used. An approximately 2.5 μm thick oxycarbonitride layer with essentially similar aluminum contents and oxygen contents, as indicated for experiment 2a, is deposited on the substrate.
Bei dieser Versuchsreihe erfolgte keine Zudotierung von AICI3, jedoch wurden die Behandlungsbedingungen gemäß Versuchsreihe 2a und 2b beibehalten. Das erhaltene beschichtete Material enthielt in seiner Hartstoffschicht kein Aluminium.In this test series, AICI 3 was not added, but the treatment conditions according to test series 2a and 2b were maintained. The coated material obtained contained no aluminum in its hard material layer.
Zu den mit Aluminium dotierten Proben gemäß 2a und 2b ist anzumerken, daß in der direkt an das Substrat angrenzenden Schicht, in die an sich teilweise Aluminium von der späteren Behandlung eindiffundieren kann, analytisch Aluminium an der Nachweisgrenze lag.Regarding the samples doped with aluminum according to 2a and 2b, it should be noted that in the layer directly adjacent to the substrate, into which aluminum can diffuse from the subsequent treatment, aluminum was analytically at the detection limit.
Schneidkörper aus Hartmetall (79 % WC, 10 % TiC + TaC, 11 % Co) werden in einem Ofen unter Schutzgas bzw. Vakuum auf eine Temperatur von 1020°C aufgeheizt, und danach 90 min lang mit einem Gasgemisch mit 5 % TiCl4, 70 % H2 und 25 % CH4 behandelt. Der Arbeitsdruck im Ofen beträgt 200 mbar. Danach wird die Temperatur auf 1050°C erhöht und bei einem Arbeitsdruck von 150 mbar werden dann 120 min lang dem Gasgemisch unter jeweils entsprechender Senkung des Wasserstoff-Gehaltes jeweils 5 % AICI3 und 5 % CO2 jeweils 5 min lang alternierend zugesetzt.Cuts made of hard metal (79% WC, 10% TiC + TaC, 11% Co) are heated in a furnace under protective gas or vacuum to a temperature of 1020 ° C, and then for 90 minutes with a gas mixture with 5% TiCl 4 , Treated 70% H 2 and 25% CH 4 . The working pressure in the furnace is 200 mbar. The temperature is then increased to 1050 ° C. and at a working pressure of 150 mbar, 5% AICI 3 and 5% CO 2 are then added alternately for 5 minutes to the gas mixture for 120 minutes, each time with a corresponding reduction in the hydrogen content.
Nach einer Gesamtdauer von 150 min hat sich bei Versuchsreihe 3a ein Überzug ausgebildet, der gegen die Außenfläche hin einen AI-Gehalt von 1,5 Atom-% AI und 6 Atom-% Sauerstoff angereichert aufweist, während nahe am Substrat Al- und der Sauerstoff-Gehalt jeweils unter 0,1 Atom-% liegen.After a total duration of 150 min, a coating was formed in test series 3a which had an Al content of 1.5 atom% AI and 6 atom% oxygen enriched against the outer surface, while Al and the oxygen were close to the substrate -Content below 0.1 atom%.
Hiebei wurde kein Aluminium zudotiert, jedoch wurden die sonstigen Bedingungen gemäß Versuchsreihe 3a eingehalten.No aluminum was doped, but the other conditions according to test series 3a were met.
Schneidkörper gemäß den vorangegangenen Beispielen und Versuchsreihen werden in einem Gasgemisch mit 10 % AICI3, 80 % H2, 5 % CO2 und 5 % ZrCl4 während 120 min bei einer Temperatur von 1020°C behandelt, währenddessen in regelmäßigen Abständen von 8 min jeweils 2 min lang der Anteil an CO2 reduziert und durch BCl3 ersetzt wird. Es werden auf den Schneidkörpern oxidische Überzüge ausgebildet, welche Einlagerungen von Boriden des Aluminiums bzw. Zirkoniums aufweisen.Cutting bodies according to the preceding examples and test series are treated in a gas mixture with 10% AICI 3 , 80% H 2 , 5% CO 2 and 5% ZrCl 4 for 120 min at a temperature of 1020 ° C, during which period at regular intervals of 8 min the proportion of CO 2 is reduced in each case for 2 minutes and replaced by BCl 3 . Oxidic coatings are formed on the cutting bodies, which have embedded borides of aluminum or zirconium.
Bei sonst gleichem Vorgehen erfolgt bei Beschichtung von Proben der Versuchsreihe 1a, 2a kein Zudotieren von BCl3. Die Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Körper sind in einer Tabelle am Ende der Beispiele zusammengefaßt.If the procedure is otherwise the same, there is no addition of BCl 3 when coating samples from test series 1a, 2a. The properties of the bodies obtained are summarized in a table at the end of the examples.
Schneidkörper gemäß den vorangegangenen Beispielen und Versuchsreihen werden in einem Gasgemisch mit anfänglich 10 % AlCl3, 70 % Wasserstoff, 12 % CO2, 5 % ZrCl4 und 3 % HCI bei 1030°C und einem Arbeitsdruck von 200 mbar derart behandelt, daß der AlCl3-Gehalt kontinuierlich während einer Zeit von 150 min auf 60 % des Anfangswertes reduziert wird und gleichzeitig der Gehalt an ZrCl4 entsprechend gesteigert wird, sodaß die Summe AlCl3 + ZrCl4 konstant bleibt. Es wird eine etwa 2 µm dicke Schicht mit Zr02-reicherer Außenzone erhalten.Cutting bodies according to the preceding examples and test series are treated in a gas mixture with initially 10% AlCl 3 , 70% hydrogen, 12% CO 2 , 5% ZrCl 4 and 3% HCl at 1030 ° C and a working pressure of 200 mbar in such a way that the AlCl 3 content is continuously reduced to 60% of the initial value over a period of 150 min and at the same time the ZrCl 4 content is increased accordingly, so that the total AlCl 3 + ZrCl 4 remains constant. An approximately 2 μm thick layer with an outer zone rich in Zr0 2 is obtained.
Es werden die sonstigen Bedingungen gemäß Versuchsreihe 5a eingehalten, jedoch fehlte in der Gasphase das ZrCl4. Der AlCl3-Gehalt betrug 12 % und H2-Gehalt 73 %. Es wird ebenfalls ein etwa 1,5 bis 2 um dicker gleichmäßiger Aluminiumoxidüberzug erhalten.The other conditions according to test series 5a are met, but the ZrCl 4 was missing in the gas phase. The AlCl 3 content was 12% and H 2 content 73%. A uniform alumina coating about 1.5 to 2 µm thick is also obtained.
Die Ergebnisse von Tests auch nach diesem Beispiel hergestellter Schneidkörper sind in der Tabelle zusammengefaßt.The results of tests also on cutting bodies produced according to this example are summarized in the table.
Bei der Prüfung der Schneidkörper wurde die Biegebruchfestigkeit, sowie anhand von Drehversuchen an Grauguß 235 HB mit 1000 N/mm2 Festigkeit bei Testzeiten von 15 min mit Schnittgeschwindigkeit von 130 m min-1, Spanquerschnitt a x s = 2,0 x 0,25 mm2, die Verschleißmarkenbreite in mm, sowie an Stahl 34 Cr Ni Mo 6 bei Schnittgeschwindigkeiten von 140 m min-1, Spanquerschnitt a x s = 2,0 x 0,25 mm2, die Standzeit in min jeweils als Mittel von 5 Probeschneidkörpern ermittelt.When testing the cutting bodies, the bending strength and the turning tests on gray cast iron 235 HB with 1000 N / mm 2 strength at test times of 15 min with cutting speed of 130 m min- 1 , chip cross-section axs = 2.0 x 0.25 mm 2 , the wear mark width in mm, as well as on steel 34 Cr Ni Mo 6 at cutting speeds of 140 m min- 1 , chip cross-section axs = 2.0 x 0.25 mm 2 , the tool life in min was determined as the average of 5 test inserts.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich den positiven Einfluß einer Anwesenheit von AI in der ersten Beschichtung sowie jenen von Sauerstoff. Verschleißeigenschafts-Verbesserungen werden durch Einbau von Zirkon in die auf die erfindungsgemäß mit AI dotierte Grundbeschichtung aufgebrachten oxidischen Überzüge erreicht, ebenso durch Einbau von Borid-Einlagerungen.The results clearly show the positive influence of the presence of Al in the first coating and that of oxygen. Improvements in wear properties are achieved by incorporating zirconium in the oxidic coatings applied to the base coating doped with Al according to the invention, and likewise by incorporating boride deposits.
Besonders positiv ist die durch den Einbau von AI in die Grundschicht erreichbare Flexibilität der Schichten und deren Haftung.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT449483A AT385947B (en) | 1983-12-22 | 1983-12-22 | CARBIDE BODY, IN PARTICULAR CARBIDE CUTTING TOOL |
| AT4494/83 | 1983-12-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0149449A1 EP0149449A1 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| EP0149449B1 true EP0149449B1 (en) | 1988-05-18 |
Family
ID=3564766
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84890252A Expired EP0149449B1 (en) | 1983-12-22 | 1984-12-20 | Hard metal body, in particular a cutting tool |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0149449B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT385947B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3471279D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008026358A1 (en) * | 2008-05-31 | 2009-12-03 | Walter Ag | Tool with metal oxide coating |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI862725A0 (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1986-06-26 | Ahlstroem Oy | SLITFAST HAOLPLATTA. |
| AT387186B (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-12-12 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | COATED CARBIDE BODY |
| US5449547A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1995-09-12 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Hard coating material, sliding member coated with hard coating material and method for manufacturing sliding member |
| US7264668B2 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2007-09-04 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Decorative hard coating and method for manufacture |
| DE10320652A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-12-02 | Kennametal Widia Gmbh & Co.Kg | Tool, especially a cutting tool, comprising a substrate member onto which at least one layer is deposited by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) used in machining operations, e.g. metal cutting |
| DE102010039035A1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | Walter Ag | Cutting tool with multilayer coating |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2525185C3 (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1986-04-17 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Hard metal body |
| US4018631A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1977-04-19 | General Electric Company | Coated cemented carbide product |
| DE2851584B2 (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1980-09-04 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Composite body |
| EP0031805B1 (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1984-09-19 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) | Hard body, especially hard metal wearing part, and process for its production |
| DE3174953D1 (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1986-08-28 | Sandvik Ab | Method of preparing coated cemented carbide product and resulting product |
| EP0083842B1 (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1989-07-12 | Carboloy Inc. | Surface-coated hard metal body and method of producing the same |
| AT377786B (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1985-04-25 | Plansee Metallwerk | WEARING PART, IN PARTICULAR CARBIDE CUTTING INSERT FOR CHIP-REMOVING |
| US4416670A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1983-11-22 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Carbide coated composite silicon nitride cutting tools |
-
1983
- 1983-12-22 AT AT449483A patent/AT385947B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-12-20 DE DE8484890252T patent/DE3471279D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-20 EP EP84890252A patent/EP0149449B1/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, unexamined applications, Field C Band 7, Nr. 77, 30. März 1983 THE PATENT OFFICE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT Seite 9 C 159 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008026358A1 (en) * | 2008-05-31 | 2009-12-03 | Walter Ag | Tool with metal oxide coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT385947B (en) | 1988-06-10 |
| EP0149449A1 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| ATA449483A (en) | 1987-11-15 |
| DE3471279D1 (en) | 1988-06-23 |
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