EP0147220A2 - Flame retardant moulding compositions comprising blends of polyarylate and polyester - Google Patents
Flame retardant moulding compositions comprising blends of polyarylate and polyester Download PDFInfo
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- EP0147220A2 EP0147220A2 EP84309050A EP84309050A EP0147220A2 EP 0147220 A2 EP0147220 A2 EP 0147220A2 EP 84309050 A EP84309050 A EP 84309050A EP 84309050 A EP84309050 A EP 84309050A EP 0147220 A2 EP0147220 A2 EP 0147220A2
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- polyester
- polyarylate
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- aromatic dicarboxylic
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl- and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
Definitions
- This invention is directed to a flame retardant moulding composition
- a flame retardant moulding composition comprising a blend of a polyarylate, a polyester, and a flame retarding amount of an alkali earth metal antimonate, or mixtures thereof.
- Blends of polyarylates and polyesters are known in the art.
- Japanese patent application No. 54159 describes blends of a polyarylate and polyethylene terephthalate.
- U.S. Patent 3,946,091 describes blends of an aromatic copolyester and polyethylene terephthalate.
- U.S. Patent 4,259,458 describes blends of a polyarylate, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyester and select thermoplastic polymers. These blends are suitable in a number of moulding applications, many of which require that the moulded article be flame retardant.
- Patent 4,259,458 discloses that flame retardant additives ,particularly decabromodiphenyl ether and triarylphosphates such as triphenyl phosphate may be used to flame retard blends of polyarylate, polyester and a thermoplastic polymer.
- Flame retardant systems for many polymers are based on the combination of a halogen source, such as, for example, decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide.
- a halogen source such as, for example, decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide.
- a halogen source alone will not adequately flame retardant the blend so that the antimony trioxide is necessary.
- antimony trioxide in blends of polyarylate and polyester causes thermal degradation of these polymers.
- an alkaline earth metal antimonate to polyarylate would result in an unstable product due to the high temperatures ( 325°C) necessary to process the polyarylate.
- Blends of polyarylate and polyester exhibit lower processing temperatures than polyarylate alone. They are amorphous as moulded, and exhibit higher heat distortion temperatures under load than the crystalline, unblended polyesters. Polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate) are crystalline as moulded and have a low heat distortion temperature, under load.
- the flame retardant moulding composition of this invention comprises:
- the composition may additionally include a halogen containing flame retardant.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal antimonates include sodium, potassium, cesium, etc. antimonates. Sodium antimonate is preferred.
- the polyarylates of this invention are derived from at least one dihydric phenol and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- a particularly desirable dihydric phenol is of the following formula: wherein Y is selected from alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chlorine or bromine, each z, independently, has a value of from 0 to 4, inclusive, and R' is a divalent saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, particularly alkylene and alkylidene radicals having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and cycloalkylene radicals having up to and including 9 carbon atoms.
- the preferred dihydric phenol is bisphenol-A. The dihydric phenols may be used individually or in combination.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acids that may be used in this invention include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, any of the naphthalene dicarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, as well as alkyl substituted homologs of these dicarboxylic acids, wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and acids containing other inert substituents, such as halides, alkyl or aryl ethers, and the like.
- mixtures of isophthalic and terephthalic acids are used.
- the isophthalic acid to terephthalic acid ratio in the mixture is from about 20:80 to about 1 00 :0. while the most preferred acid ratio is from about 25:75 to about 50:50.
- from about 0.5 to about 20 percent of aliphatic diacids containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, and the like may be additionally used in the polymerization reaction.
- the polyarylates of the present invention can be prepared by any of the well known prior art polyester forming reactions, such as the reaction of the acid chlorides of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids with the dihydric phenols; the reaction of the diaryl ethers of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids with the dihydric phenols; or the reaction of the aromatic diacids with diester derivatives of the dihydric phenol.
- These processes are described in, for example, U.S. Patents 3,317,464; 3,948,855; 3,780,148; 3,824,213 and 3,133,898.
- the polyarylates used in this invention are prepared by the process described in U.S. Patent 4,321,355.
- This patent describes an improved process for preparing a polyarylate having a reduced viscosity of from about 0.5 to greater than 1.0 dl/gm. which process comprises the following steps:
- the polyarylates herein also include poly(arylate-carbonate).
- the arylate/carbonate molar ratio can be from 100/0 to 25/75.
- polyesters which are suitable for use herein are derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol. or mixtures thereof, containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- the polyesters which are derived from an aliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid have repeating units of the following general formula: wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 4.
- the preferred polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
- polyesters with minor amounts, e.g., from 0.5 to about 2 percent by weight, of units derived from aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic polyols, to form copolyesters.
- the aliphatic polyols include glycols. such as poly(ethylene glycol). these can be made following the teachings of, for example, U.S. Patents 2,465,319 and 3,047,539.
- polyesters which are derived from a cycloaliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid are prepared by condensing either the cis or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a polyester having recurring units of the following formula: wherein the cyclohexane ring is selected from the cis- and trans-isomers thereof and R represents an aryl radical containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms and which is the decarboxylated residue derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids indicated by R in formula (11) are isophthalic or terephthalic acid, 1,2-di(p-carboxyphenyl)ethane -4.4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, etc., and mixtures of these. All of these acids contain at least one aromatic nucleus. Fused rings can also be present, such as in 1,4- or 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acids.
- the preferred dicarboxylic acids are terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids.
- a preferred polyester may be derived from the reaction of either cis- or trans-isomer (or a mixture thereof) of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with a mixture of isophthalic- and terephthalic acids. These polyesters have repeating units of the formula:
- Another preferred polyester is a copolyester derived from a cyclohexane dimethanol. an alkylene glycol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- These copolyesters are prepared by condensing either the c-is- or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and an alkylene glycol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a copolyester having repeating units of the following formula: wherein the cyclohexane ring is selected from the cis- and trans- isomers thereof.
- R is as previously defined, n is an integer of 2 to 4, the x units comprise from about 10 to 90 percent by weight and the y units comprise from about 10 to about 90 percent by weight.
- the preferred copolyester may be derived from the reaction of either the cis- or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of 1.4-cyclohexanedimethanol and ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2:3.
- These copolyesters have repeating units of the following formula: wherein x and y are as previously defined.
- polyester as described herein are either commercially available or can be produced by methods well known in the art, such as those set forth in, for example. U.S. Patent 2.901.466.
- polyesters used herein have an intrinsic viscosity of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 dl/g. as measured in a 60:40 phenol/tetrachloroethane mixture or similar solvent at 23-30°C.
- compositions of this invention may additionally have admixed therewith a halogen-containing flame retardant additive. preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to about 15 parts per one hundred parts polymer.
- a halogen-containing flame retardant additive include hexabromobenzene, decabromodiphenyl, decachlorodiphenyl, decabromodiphenyl ether, decachlorodiphenyl ether 2,2-(3,3',5,5'-tetrabromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane, 2,2-(3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'dihydroxydiphenyl) propane, brominated polystyrene, tetrabromo bis A polycarbonate, poly (2.6 dibromophenylene oxide), an adduct of cyclohexane and hexachlorocyclopentadiene(chloran), etc., and
- the polyarylate is used in amounts of from 10 to about 90, preferably from about 20 to about 75 weight percent, the polyester in amounts of from about 1 0 to about 90 , preferably from about 25 to about 80 weight percent, and the alkali metal antimonate from about 0.2 to about 7.0. preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.
- additives may be included in the composition of this invention.
- additives include plasticizers: pigments; reinforcing agents. such as glass fibers: thermal stabilizers; ultraviolet light stabilizers, processing aids. impact modifiers and the like.
- plasticizers pigments
- reinforcing agents such as glass fibers: thermal stabilizers; ultraviolet light stabilizers, processing aids. impact modifiers and the like.
- impact modifiers which are particularly suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Patent 4,231,922.
- impact modifiers are a graft copolymer of a vinyl aromatic, an acrylate, an unsaturated nitrile, or mixtures thereof, grafted onto an unsaturated elastomeric backbone and having a tensile modulus (as measured by ASTM D-638, except that the test piece is compression molded to a 20 mil thickness) of less than about 100.000 psi, and preferably from about 15,000 to less than about 100,000 psi.
- the unsaturated elastomeric backbone may be polybutadiene, poly(butadiene-co-styrene). poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), or poly(isoprene). In each of the polymers there is sufficient butadiene to give the polymer a rubbery character.
- the constituents which are grafted onto the unsaturated elastomeric backbone are selected from a vinyl aromatic, such as styrene, a-methylstyrene, alkylstyrene, or mixtures thereof: an acrylate such as the acrylic ester monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof; an unsaturated nitrile such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, or mixtures thereof.
- a vinyl aromatic, acrylate and acrylonitrile may be used individually or in any combinations in grafting onto the unsaturated elastomeric backbone.
- impact modifiers are free-flowing powders and are commonly available as impact modifiers for poly(vinyl chloride) as described in, for example, V. Shakaypal, in "Developments in PVC Technology", edited by J. H. L. Hensen and A. Whelan. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1973.
- the grafted constituents of the impact modifier comprise from about 20 to about 60 percent by weight of said constituents such that their tensile modulus does not exceed about 100,000 psi, and is preferably, between about 15,000 to less than about 100.000 psi.
- the composition may also include up to 50 weight percent of another polymer compatible with the polyarylate and polyester blend such as a polycarbonate, a styrenic polymer such as ABS, impact poly(methyl methacrylate), a polyamide, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and the like.
- another polymer compatible with the polyarylate and polyester blend such as a polycarbonate, a styrenic polymer such as ABS, impact poly(methyl methacrylate), a polyamide, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and the like.
- compositions of this invention are prepared by any conventional mixing methods.
- a preferred method comprises mixing the polyarylate, polyester and sodium antimonate and when used, the halogen source, in powder or granular form in an extruder and extruding the mixture into strands, chopping the strands into pellets and moulding the pellets into the desired article.
- 60 weight percent of a polyarylate (prepared from Bisphenol-A and a mixture of 50 mole percent of terephthalic acid chloride and 50 mole percent of isophthalic acid chloride by conventional methods) having a reduced viscosity of 0.66 dl/g as measured in p-chlorophenol at 49°C, 40 weight percent of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64 as measured in 60:40 phenol/tetrachloroethane at 23 0 C were blended in a 1 inch laboratory extruder at 275°C.
- a polyarylate prepared from Bisphenol-A and a mixture of 50 mole percent of terephthalic acid chloride and 50 mole percent of isophthalic acid chloride by conventional methods
- the pelletized mixtures were tested for melt flow stability at 275°C in a Tinius-Olsen melt index apparatus at 44 psi.
- the melt flow results demonstrate the melt flow at 275°C(after 10 minutes preheat).
- the melt flow stability test is determined by the comparison of the melt flow after 10 minutes (MF 10 ) compared to the melt flow after 30-minute preheat (MF 30 ).
- the melt flow ratio (MF 30 /MF 10 ) is used as the basis for melt flow stability comparisons.
- Control A 98 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 2 weight percent of antimony trioxide by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- Control A 98 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 2 weight percent of sodium antimonate by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- Control A 92 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of antimony trioxide by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- Control A 92 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of sodium antimonate by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- test specimens were measured for the following properties: tensile strength and modulus according to ASTM D-638; elongation at break according to ASTM D-638; notched izod impact strength according to ASTM D-256; heat distortion temperature measured at 264 psi on a 1/8 inch bar according to ASTM D-648.
- samples were subjected to the UL-94 Burning Test for Classifying Materials.
- the UL-94 ratings of V-0, V-1, or V-2 are determined as designated below:
- Table 11 shows that the formulation containing antimony trioxide exhibits a higher melt flow (indicating degradation during processing) and a poorer melt flow stability than the same formulation with Na antimonate or the control formulation without an antimony compound.
- the Na antimonate based formulation gave an equivalent flame retardant rating as the antimony trioxide based formulation.
- the mechanical property data shows a severe drop in notched toughness for the antimony trioxide based formulation. A drop in notched toughness also occurs with Na antimonate and is believed due to the loss in toughness with inorganic particulate incorporation. Overall, the property balance of the polyarylate/polyethylene terephthalate formulation based on Na antimonate is superior to that based on antimony trioxide.
Abstract
Description
- This invention is directed to a flame retardant moulding composition comprising a blend of a polyarylate, a polyester, and a flame retarding amount of an alkali earth metal antimonate, or mixtures thereof.
- Blends of polyarylates and polyesters are known in the art. For example, Japanese patent application No. 54159 describes blends of a polyarylate and polyethylene terephthalate. U.S. Patent 3,946,091 describes blends of an aromatic copolyester and polyethylene terephthalate. Further, U.S. Patent 4,259,458 describes blends of a polyarylate, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyester and select thermoplastic polymers. These blends are suitable in a number of moulding applications, many of which require that the moulded article be flame retardant. U.S. Patent 4,259,458 discloses that flame retardant additives ,particularly decabromodiphenyl ether and triarylphosphates such as triphenyl phosphate may be used to flame retard blends of polyarylate, polyester and a thermoplastic polymer.
- Flame retardant systems for many polymers are based on the combination of a halogen source, such as, for example, decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide. When a blend of polyarylate and polyester contains a high level of polyester, a halogen source alone will not adequately flame retardant the blend so that the antimony trioxide is necessary. However, the use of antimony trioxide in blends of polyarylate and polyester causes thermal degradation of these polymers. Further, the addition of an alkaline earth metal antimonate to polyarylate would result in an unstable product due to the high temperatures ( 325°C) necessary to process the polyarylate.
- Blends of polyarylate and polyester exhibit lower processing temperatures than polyarylate alone. They are amorphous as moulded, and exhibit higher heat distortion temperatures under load than the crystalline, unblended polyesters. Polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate) are crystalline as moulded and have a low heat distortion temperature, under load.
- Therefore, it is unexpectedthat blends of polyarylate and polyester--containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal antimonate will be uniquely different than either unblended polyarylate or polyester containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal antimonate.
- It has now been found that the addition of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal antimonate, or mixtures thereof, to a blend of a polyarylate and polyester will flame retard the blend and will not degrade the blend when it is processed, at the high temperatures which are needed for processing.
- The flame retardant moulding composition of this invention comprises:
- (a) a polyarylate derived from at least one dihydric phenol and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid,
- (b) a polyester derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol, or mixtures
- The composition may additionally include a halogen containing flame retardant.
- The alkali or alkaline earth metal antimonates include sodium, potassium, cesium, etc. antimonates. Sodium antimonate is preferred.
- The polyarylates of this invention are derived from at least one dihydric phenol and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- A particularly desirable dihydric phenol is of the following formula:
- The aromatic dicarboxylic acids that may be used in this invention include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, any of the naphthalene dicarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, as well as alkyl substituted homologs of these dicarboxylic acids, wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and acids containing other inert substituents, such as halides, alkyl or aryl ethers, and the like. Preferably, mixtures of isophthalic and terephthalic acids are used. The isophthalic acid to terephthalic acid ratio in the mixture is from about 20:80 to about 100:0. while the most preferred acid ratio is from about 25:75 to about 50:50. Also, from about 0.5 to about 20 percent of aliphatic diacids containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, and the like may be additionally used in the polymerization reaction.
- The polyarylates of the present invention can be prepared by any of the well known prior art polyester forming reactions, such as the reaction of the acid chlorides of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids with the dihydric phenols; the reaction of the diaryl ethers of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids with the dihydric phenols; or the reaction of the aromatic diacids with diester derivatives of the dihydric phenol. These processes are described in, for example, U.S. Patents 3,317,464; 3,948,855; 3,780,148; 3,824,213 and 3,133,898.
- Preferably, the polyarylates used in this invention are prepared by the process described in U.S. Patent 4,321,355.
- This patent describes an improved process for preparing a polyarylate having a reduced viscosity of from about 0.5 to greater than 1.0 dl/gm. which process comprises the following steps:
- (a) reacting an acid anhydride derived from an acid containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one dihydric phenol to form the corresponding diester; and
- (b) reacting said diester with at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid at a temperature sufficient to form the polyarylate, wherein the improvement comprises removing residual acid anhydride, after formation of the dihydric phenol diester, so that its concentration is less than about 1500 parts per million.
- The polyarylates herein also include poly(arylate-carbonate). The arylate/carbonate molar ratio can be from 100/0 to 25/75.
- The polyesters which are suitable for use herein are derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol. or mixtures thereof, containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The polyesters which are derived from an aliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid have repeating units of the following general formula:
- The preferred polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
- Also contemplated herein are the above polyesters with minor amounts, e.g., from 0.5 to about 2 percent by weight, of units derived from aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic polyols, to form copolyesters. The aliphatic polyols include glycols. such as poly(ethylene glycol). these can be made following the teachings of, for example, U.S. Patents 2,465,319 and 3,047,539.
- The polyesters which are derived from a cycloaliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid are prepared by condensing either the cis or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a polyester having recurring units of the following formula:
- Examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acids indicated by R in formula (11), are isophthalic or terephthalic acid, 1,2-di(p-carboxyphenyl)ethane -4.4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, etc., and mixtures of these. All of these acids contain at least one aromatic nucleus. Fused rings can also be present, such as in 1,4- or 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acids. The preferred dicarboxylic acids are terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids.
-
- Another preferred polyester is a copolyester derived from a cyclohexane dimethanol. an alkylene glycol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. These copolyesters are prepared by condensing either the c-is- or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and an alkylene glycol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a copolyester having repeating units of the following formula:
- The preferred copolyester may be derived from the reaction of either the cis- or trans-isomer (or mixtures thereof) of 1.4-cyclohexanedimethanol and ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2:3. These copolyesters have repeating units of the following formula:
- The polyester as described herein are either commercially available or can be produced by methods well known in the art, such as those set forth in, for example. U.S. Patent 2.901.466.
- The polyesters used herein have an intrinsic viscosity of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 dl/g. as measured in a 60:40 phenol/tetrachloroethane mixture or similar solvent at 23-30°C.
- The compositions of this invention may additionally have admixed therewith a halogen-containing flame retardant additive. preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to about 15 parts per one hundred parts polymer. Representative but not limiting examples of a halogen-containing flame retardant additive include hexabromobenzene, decabromodiphenyl, decachlorodiphenyl, decabromodiphenyl ether, decachlorodiphenyl ether 2,2-(3,3',5,5'-tetrabromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane, 2,2-(3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'dihydroxydiphenyl) propane, brominated polystyrene, tetrabromo bis A polycarbonate, poly (2.6 dibromophenylene oxide), an adduct of cyclohexane and hexachlorocyclopentadiene(chloran), etc., and mixtures thereof.
- In the composition of this invention the polyarylate is used in amounts of from 10 to about 90, preferably from about 20 to about 75 weight percent, the polyester in amounts of from about 10 to about 90, preferably from about 25 to about 80 weight percent, and the alkali metal antimonate from about 0.2 to about 7.0. preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.
- Other additives may be included in the composition of this invention. These additives include plasticizers: pigments; reinforcing agents. such as glass fibers: thermal stabilizers; ultraviolet light stabilizers, processing aids. impact modifiers and the like. The impact modifiers which are particularly suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Patent 4,231,922. These impact modifiers are a graft copolymer of a vinyl aromatic, an acrylate, an unsaturated nitrile, or mixtures thereof, grafted onto an unsaturated elastomeric backbone and having a tensile modulus (as measured by ASTM D-638, except that the test piece is compression molded to a 20 mil thickness) of less than about 100.000 psi, and preferably from about 15,000 to less than about 100,000 psi.
- The unsaturated elastomeric backbone may be polybutadiene, poly(butadiene-co-styrene). poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), or poly(isoprene). In each of the polymers there is sufficient butadiene to give the polymer a rubbery character.
- The constituents which are grafted onto the unsaturated elastomeric backbone are selected from a vinyl aromatic, such as styrene, a-methylstyrene, alkylstyrene, or mixtures thereof: an acrylate such as the acrylic ester monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof; an unsaturated nitrile such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, or mixtures thereof. It will be understood that the vinyl aromatic, acrylate and acrylonitrile may be used individually or in any combinations in grafting onto the unsaturated elastomeric backbone.
- These impact modifiers are free-flowing powders and are commonly available as impact modifiers for poly(vinyl chloride) as described in, for example, V. Shakaypal, in "Developments in PVC Technology", edited by J. H. L. Hensen and A. Whelan. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1973.
- The grafted constituents of the impact modifier comprise from about 20 to about 60 percent by weight of said constituents such that their tensile modulus does not exceed about 100,000 psi, and is preferably, between about 15,000 to less than about 100.000 psi.
- The composition may also include up to 50 weight percent of another polymer compatible with the polyarylate and polyester blend such as a polycarbonate, a styrenic polymer such as ABS, impact poly(methyl methacrylate), a polyamide, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and the like.
- The compositions of this invention are prepared by any conventional mixing methods. For example, a preferred method comprises mixing the polyarylate, polyester and sodium antimonate and when used, the halogen source, in powder or granular form in an extruder and extruding the mixture into strands, chopping the strands into pellets and moulding the pellets into the desired article.
- The following examples serve to give specific illustrations of the practice of this invention but they are not intended in any way to limit the scope of this invention.
- 60 weight percent of a polyarylate (prepared from Bisphenol-A and a mixture of 50 mole percent of terephthalic acid chloride and 50 mole percent of isophthalic acid chloride by conventional methods) having a reduced viscosity of 0.66 dl/g as measured in p-chlorophenol at 49°C, 40 weight percent of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64 as measured in 60:40 phenol/tetrachloroethane at 230C were blended in a 1 inch laboratory extruder at 275°C.
- The pelletized mixtures were tested for melt flow stability at 275°C in a Tinius-Olsen melt index apparatus at 44 psi. The melt flow results demonstrate the melt flow at 275°C(after 10 minutes preheat). The melt flow stability test is determined by the comparison of the melt flow after 10 minutes (MF10) compared to the melt flow after 30-minute preheat (MF30). The melt flow ratio (MF30/MF10) is used as the basis for melt flow stability comparisons.
- The results are shown in Table I.
- 98 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 2 weight percent of antimony trioxide by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- The results are shown in Table 1.
- 98 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 2 weight percent of sodium antimonate by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- The results are shown in Table 1.
- 92 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of antimony trioxide by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- The results are shown in Table 1.
- 92 weight percent of the blend of Control A was blended with 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of sodium antimonate by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blend was tested as described in Control A.
- The results are shown in Table I. The results listed in Table I clearly show that the substitution of sodium antimonate for antimony trioxide yields lower values for MF10 melt flow. This demonstrates a lower level of degradation (chain scission) when sodium antimonate is utilized as compared with antimony trioxide. The melt flow ratio (MF30 /MF10 ) is also lower for sodium antimonate samples than with corresponding blends with antimony trioxide, also demonstrating improved stability.
- 56.6 weight percent of the polyarylate of Control A was blended with 27.4 weight percent of the polyethylene terephthalate of Control A, 10 weight percent of KM-611 (a styrene/acrylate/butadiene terpolymer having a tensile modulus of 46,300 psi and sold by Rohm and Haas Company) and 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide by the procedure and under the conditions described in Control A. The blends were then injection moulded in a 1-1/4 ounce screw injection moulding machine at 2750C into ASTM test bars. The test specimens were measured for the following properties: tensile strength and modulus according to ASTM D-638; elongation at break according to ASTM D-638; notched izod impact strength according to ASTM D-256; heat distortion temperature measured at 264 psi on a 1/8 inch bar according to ASTM D-648. In addition, the samples were subjected to the UL-94 Burning Test for Classifying Materials. The UL-94 ratings of V-0, V-1, or V-2 are determined as designated below:
- "94 V-0" No single flaming combustion after removal of the igniting flame shall exceed 10 seconds and none of the specimens shall drip flaming particles which ignite absorbent surgical cotton placed 12 inches below the specimen. Total flame out time for all five specimens (10 ignitions) cannot exceed 50 seconds.
- "94 V-I" No single flame combustion after removal of the igniting flame shall exceed 30 seconds and none of the specimens shall drip flaming particles which ignite absorbent surgical cotton placed 12 inches below the specimen. Total flame out time for all five specimens (10 ignitions) cannot exceed 250 seconds.
- "94 V-2" No single flaming combustion after removal of the igniting flame shall exceed 30 seconds. The specimens drip flaming particles which burn only briefly, some of which ignite absorbent surgical cotton 12 inches below the specimen. Total flame out time for all five specimens (10 ignitions) cannot exceed 250 seconds.
- Further, the blends were tested for melt flow stability as described in Control A.
- The results are shown in Table II.
- 55 weight percent of the polyarylate of Control A was blended with 27 weight percent of the polyethylene terephthalate of Control A, 10 weight percent of KM-611 of Control D, 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of antimony trioxide by the procedure described in Control A. The blends were moulded into test bars and tested as described in Control D.
- The results are shown in Table II.
- 55 weight percent of the polyarylate of Control A was blended with 27 weight percent of the polyethylene terephthalate of Control A, 10 weight percent of KM-611 of Control D, 6 weight percent of decabromodiphenyl oxide and 2 weight percent of sodium antimonate by the procedure described in Control A. The blends were moulded into test bars and tested as described in Control D.
-
- Table 11 shows that the formulation containing antimony trioxide exhibits a higher melt flow (indicating degradation during processing) and a poorer melt flow stability than the same formulation with Na antimonate or the control formulation without an antimony compound. The Na antimonate based formulation gave an equivalent flame retardant rating as the antimony trioxide based formulation. The mechanical property data shows a severe drop in notched toughness for the antimony trioxide based formulation. A drop in notched toughness also occurs with Na antimonate and is believed due to the loss in toughness with inorganic particulate incorporation. Overall, the property balance of the polyarylate/polyethylene terephthalate formulation based on Na antimonate is superior to that based on antimony trioxide.
polyarylate, polyester and sodium antimonate and when used, the halogen source, in powder or granular form in an extruder and extruding the mixture into strands, chopping the strands into pellets and moulding the pellets into the desired article. Examples thereof, and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and
(c) an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal antimonate, or mixtures thereof.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84309050T ATE32905T1 (en) | 1983-12-22 | 1984-12-21 | FLAME RETARDANT MOLDING COMPOUNDS MADE FROM POLYARYLATE POLYESTER BLEND. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56437583A | 1983-12-22 | 1983-12-22 | |
US564375 | 1983-12-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0147220A2 true EP0147220A2 (en) | 1985-07-03 |
EP0147220A3 EP0147220A3 (en) | 1985-08-21 |
EP0147220B1 EP0147220B1 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
Family
ID=24254204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84309050A Expired EP0147220B1 (en) | 1983-12-22 | 1984-12-21 | Flame retardant moulding compositions comprising blends of polyarylate and polyester |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0147220B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60155258A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE32905T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3469746D1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2186878A (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-08-26 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | Flame retardant polyesters; sodium antimonate |
EP0247465A2 (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-12-02 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastic moulding compositions made from polyester and polycarbonate |
WO1988003156A1 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-05 | Amoco Corporation | Device formed from polycarbonate, polyarylate and poly(alkylene terephthalate) |
EP0319581A1 (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1989-06-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resin composition |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2051520A1 (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-05-06 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Fire retardant additive |
DE2545568A1 (en) * | 1974-10-14 | 1976-04-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | FLAME-RESISTANT RESIN PREPARATIONS |
EP0024245A1 (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-02-25 | Amoco Corporation | Blends of polyarylates, polyesters and a thermoplastic polymer |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4338243A (en) * | 1980-05-07 | 1982-07-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyethylene terephthalate blends |
-
1984
- 1984-12-21 DE DE8484309050T patent/DE3469746D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-21 EP EP84309050A patent/EP0147220B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-21 AT AT84309050T patent/ATE32905T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-21 JP JP59268701A patent/JPS60155258A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2051520A1 (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-05-06 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Fire retardant additive |
DE2545568A1 (en) * | 1974-10-14 | 1976-04-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | FLAME-RESISTANT RESIN PREPARATIONS |
EP0024245A1 (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-02-25 | Amoco Corporation | Blends of polyarylates, polyesters and a thermoplastic polymer |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0319581A1 (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1989-06-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resin composition |
EP0319581A4 (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1990-09-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resin composition |
GB2186878A (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-08-26 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | Flame retardant polyesters; sodium antimonate |
GB2186878B (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1989-11-01 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | Flame retardant resin compositions |
EP0247465A2 (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-12-02 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastic moulding compositions made from polyester and polycarbonate |
EP0247465A3 (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1989-03-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastic moulding compositions made from polyester and polycarbonate |
WO1988003156A1 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-05 | Amoco Corporation | Device formed from polycarbonate, polyarylate and poly(alkylene terephthalate) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE32905T1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
JPH0122300B2 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
EP0147220B1 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
DE3469746D1 (en) | 1988-04-14 |
EP0147220A3 (en) | 1985-08-21 |
JPS60155258A (en) | 1985-08-15 |
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