Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
  • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
  • B63C9/24—Arrangements of inflating valves or of controls thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to life raft inflation equipment.
• the present invention relates to an improved raft inflation valve which controls the flow o_f., pressurized gas from a pressure vessel to an inflatable life raft.
• Inflatable life rafts have found wide use on ocean-going ships and aircraft.
• An inflatable life raft offers the advantage of light weight and small size. It is stored in its deflated condition for long periods of time when it is not needed, and yet can be inflated rapidly when it is needed to form a large raft capable of holding relatively large numbers of people.
• Inflatable life rafts are inflated using a pressurized inflation gas (such as carbon dioxide, dry air, or nitrogen) which is contained in a pressure tank.
• a pressurized inflation gas such as carbon dioxide, dry air, or nitrogen
• a valve is actuated by pulling a pull cable which is connected at one end to the valve actuating mechanism in such a manner so as to allow the cable to pull free after the firing mechanism has been actuated.
• the pull cable is typically connected at its other end to the ship.
• the pull cable is automatically pulled, therefore, when the raft is thrown overboard or when the ship sinks.
• the valve opens when actuated to permit the pressurized fluid to expand and fill the life raft.
• This valve is a stainless steel valve with a movable spool.
• the spool is biased by a spring to maintain the valve in a normally closed position.
• the pull cable When the pull cable is pulled, it causes a cam to .be rotated, which moves the spool against the spring force to open the valve.
• the Marada Mark VI valve has provided very reliable operation at the high pressures, and is capable of being actuated with a relatively low pull force on the pull cable (typically less than 20 pounds).
• the Marada Mark VI valve however, because of the intricate design and the relatively large number of high precision parts required, has been expensive to manufacture.
• the source of the inflation gas in this case dry air
• the present invention is a valve which is normally closed, and which is actuated to permit the flow of pressurized gas from a pressure vessel to an outlet connected, for example, to an inflatable life raft.
• the valve of the present invention includes a valve body, a double-ended piston, and valve actuating or firing means for causing the valve to open in order to inflate the raft.
• the valve body of the valve of the present invention includes an inlet, an outlet, an internal cylinder, and an inlet passage.
• the internal cylinder is open at a first end to the outlet.
• the inlet passage extends from the inlet and intersects the internal cylinder.
• the double-ended piston which is movable in the internal cylinder, has first and second heads with ends of equal diameter, and first and second spaced-apart O-ring seals.
• the piston In the normally closed condition of the valve, the piston is positioned so that the O-ring seals are positioned on opposite sides of the inlet passage when the valve is in its normally closed condition.
• the O-ring seals therefore, block gas flow between the inlet and the outle .
• valve actuating or firing means is pulled to cause the piston to move away from the first end and toward the second end of the cylinder. Once the intersection of the internal cylinder and the inlet passage is partially uncovered, the gas pressure forces become unbalanced. The pressure of the gas accelerates the piston in its movement away from the outlet once the intersection of the internal cylinder and the inlet passage is partially uncovered.
• the valve body includes an auxiliary passage which intersects the inlet passage at a position between the inlet and the internal cylinder.
• a fill fitting is attached to the valve body and connects with the auxiliary passage to permit pressurized gas to be supplied, to the pressure vessel or removed from the pressure vessel through a flow path which includes the inlet, the inlet passage, the auxiliary passage and the fill fitting.
• the piston also includes a piston rod which is connected to the second piston head and which extends out of the second end of the internal cylinder.
• the firing means when pulled, pulls the piston rod to cause the piston to move in an axial direction toward the second end of the cylinder.
• the valve in another embodiment, includes spring bias means for applying a spring bias to the piston in an axial direction toward the second end of the internal cylinder.
• the firing means in this embodiment normally engages the piston to prevent axial movement of the piston from the normally closed position. When pulled, the firing means moves out of engagement with the piston to permit the spring bias to move the piston toward the second end of the internal cylinder.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of an inflatable life raft.
• Figure 2 is an end view, with portions shown in section, of a first embodiment of the raft inflation valve of the present invention together with a pressure tank
• Figure 3 is a sectional view along section 3-3 of Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along section 4-4 of Figure 2.
• Figure 5 is a partial end view, partially in section, of the first embodiment of the raft inflation valve of the present invention as actuation of the valve is beginning.-
• Figure 6 is a sectional view along section 6-6 of Figure 5.
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of another inflatable life raft.
• Figure 8 is an end view, with portions shown in section, of a second embodiment of the raft inflation valve of the present invention together with a pressure tank.
• Figure 9 is a sectional view along section 9-9 of Figure 8.
• Figure 10 is a sectional view along section 10-10 of Figure 9.
• FIG 1 shows inflatable life raft 10 in its fully inflated condition.
• the pressurized gas used to inflate life raft 10 has been supplied from one or more pressure vessels 12 which are attached to and carried by raft 10.
• Pressure vessel or tank 12 is typically a metal or metal-lined fiberglass tank which contains an inflation gas such as carbon dioxide, dry air, or nitrogen, stored under pressure.
• Each pressure tank 12 has a raft inflation valve 14 attached at one end.
• a releasable pull cable (not shown in Figure 1) is connected to valve 14 so that when the cable is pulled, valve 14 is actuated. This causes valve 14 to open, thus allowing the inflation gas from pressure tank 12 to pass through valve 14 and outlet hose 16 and into the interior of life raft 10.
• Figures 2-6 show raft inflation valve 14 of the present invention in further detail.
• Figure 2 is an end view of tank 12 and valve 14 with portions shown in section.
• valve 14 is in its normal closed state prior to actuation. This is the state in which valve 14 is found when life raft 10 is deflated for storage.
• Inflation valve 14 includes a stainless steel valve body 18 which has a threaded neck portion
• Threaded neck portion 20 of valve body 18 connects valve 14 to the end of tank 12.
• threaded neck portion 20 has a external (male) threads 38 which mate with internal (female) threads of the port (not shown) in the end of tank 12.
• O-ring tank seal 40 is positioned against shoulder 42 of valve body 18, and provides a seal between shoulder 42 and tank 12.
• Inlet port 22 communicates with the interior of tank 12.
• Inlet passage 28 is connected at one- end to inlet port 22, and at its other end it intersects internal cylinder 24.
• the axis of inlet passage 28 intersects and is perpendicular to the axis of internal cylinder 24.
• Outlet fitting 44 is threaded into outlet port 26, so that outlet passage 46 of outlet fitting 44 communicates with one end of internal cylinder 24.
• O-ring seal 48 provides a seal between outlet fitting 44 and valve body 18.
• outlet fitting 44 has male threads 50 at its outer end which allow hose coupling 52 (which has cooperating female threads) to be connected to outlet fitting 44.
• Control of gas flow from inlet 22 through inlet passage 28 and internal cylinder 24 to outlet passage 46 and hose 16 is controlled by double-ended piston 54.
• piston 54 includes piston body 56 and piston rod 58.
• Piston body 56 is a double-headed piston body having an O-ring seal 60 and backup ring 62 near its first end 56A, and O-ring seal 64 and backup ring 66 near its second end 56B. As shown in Figure 3, valve 14 is closed, because piston 54 is positioned so that O-rings 60 and 64 are positioned on opposite sides of inlet passage 28 to prevent any leakage in either direction around piston body 56. Since there is no pressure difference between the opposite ends 56A and 56B of piston body 56 and no axial force is being applied to piston rod 58, piston 54 is in a stable, force balanced position within cylinder 24.
• piston 54 can be moved (for actuation) simply by overcoming the drag of O-rings 60 and 64 on the wall of internal cylinder 24. This results in a low actuation force that is only remotely related to the operating pressure of the inflation system.
• Valve 14 is actuated to an open condition by- pulling piston rod 58 in the axial direction so that piston body 56 moves away from outlet port 26 and toward retaining nut 68, which is threaded into passage 36. As soon as the end of piston body 56
• the pressurized gas begins to flow from tank 12 through inlet 22 and inlet passage 28 into internal cylinder .24.
• O-ring 60 reaches inlet passage 28, the gas pressure force on piston 54 acting in the direction toward outlet port 26 drops, while the gas pressure force on piston 54 acting in the direction of retaining bore
• O-rings 60 and 64 O-rings 60 and 64.
• the actuating mechanism for valve 14 includes retaining nut 68, retaining guide 70, pull cable 72, ball 74, flexible conduit 76, conduit connector 78, safety pin 80 and safety wire 82.
• Piston rod 58 extends out of the end of cylinder 24 through retaining nut 68 and into chamber 84 which is defined by retaining nut 68, retaining
• Safety pin 80 shown in Figures 2 and 3 prevents accidental or unintended actuation of valve 14 by preventing axial movement of piston 54.
• Pin 80 is inserted through openings 90 in retaining guide 72, so that the shank of pin 80 butts the outer end of piston rod 58. As long as safety pin 80 is in place, piston 54 cannot be moved in the axial direction by pull cable 72.
• Chamber 84 has a portion 84A of smaller diameter which maintains ball 74 and detent 88 in a force transmitting relationship until piston rod 58 has been pulled far enough out that inlet passage 28 is partially uncovered by piston body 56. At that, point, which is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, ball 74 has reached second chamber portion 84B of a larger diameter. Ball 74 is then allowed to escape from detent 86, so that pull cable 72 can be pulled entirely out of chamber 84 and flexible conduit 76.
• Pull cable 72 must release valve 14 at the end of its stroke, because pull cable 72 is normally attached at its outer end to the ship, and valve 14 is actuated when life raft 10 is thrown overboard or when the ship sinks. In that type of application, cable 72 must disconnect entirely from valve 14 at the end of its
• Portion 84A of chamber 84 has a diameter which is sufficiently small so that there is only one possible orientation of ball 74 and detent 86.
• Flexible conduit 76 provides a flexible guide for pull cable 72.
• the use of flexible conduit 76 allows cable 72 to apply an axial pulling force on piston rod 58 regardless of the direction of the pulling force on cable 72.
• flexible conduit 76 and conduit connector 78 are replaced by a round nose ferrule.
• Safety wire 82 is threaded through safety wire passage 91, which extends through retaining nut 68 and piston rod 58. The outer ends of safety wire 82 are preferably twisted together, as shown in Figure 2.
• Safety wire 82 provides a visual indication as to whether valve 14 has already been actuated. Safety wire 82 is broken when a pulling force is applied to piston rod 58 which results in actuation of valve 14.
• valve 14 of the present invention permits tank filling, tank bleed down, pressure measurement, and system
• auxiliary passage 30 intersects inlet passage 28 between inlet port 22 and internal cylinder 24.
• Fill fitting assembly 92 which includes housing 94 and fill valve 96, is attached to valve body 18 at fill port 32.
• Housing 94 has threads 98 which are threaded into fill port 32.
• O-ring 100 provides a seal between valve body 18 and housing 94.
• Fill valve 96 is threaded into housing 94, and has an inner end 102 which engages valve seat 104 of fill port 32.
• O-ring 110 and backup -rang 112 provide a seal between fill valve 96 and housing 94.
• An internal passage 114 extends substantially the entire length of fill valve 96. Passage 114 ends at inner end 102 of fill valve 96, where it is intersected by passage 116.
• fill valve 96 At the outer end of fill valve 96 are male threads 118, which permit connection of other apparatus to fill fitting assembly 92 such as a source of gas (when tank 12 is to be filled), a pressure gauge (when the pressure in tank 12 is to be measured), or backup seal/threaded protector cap 120 as shown in Figure 2 (under normal storage- and use -conditions).
• a source of gas when tank 12 is to be filled
• a pressure gauge when the pressure in tank 12 is to be measured
• backup seal/threaded protector cap 120 as shown in Figure 2 (under normal storage- and use -conditions).
• fill valve 96 When tank 12 is being filled or bled down or when pressure measurement or proof testing is being performed through fill fitting 92, fill valve 96 is backed out of housing 94 partially so that valve end 102 is no longer in engagement with valve seat 104. This permits gas flow between passage 114 of fill valve 96 and auxiliary passage 30 in valve body 18. Even when fill valve 96 is partially backed out, O-ring 110 maintains a seal between fill valve 96 and housing 94, so that the gas flow through fill fitting assembly 92 is controlled.-* To again bring valve end 102 into engagement with valve seat 104, fill valve 96 is rotated in an opposite direction. In any filling operation, the possibility of contamination being introduced exists. Fill assembly 92 minimizes the effects of contamination.
• valve seat 104 if a soft contaminant is present at valve seat 104, the force applied as fill valve 96 is threaded inwardly into housing 94 tends to crush and displace the contamination. If a hard contaminant is present at valve seat 104, any leak at valve seat 104 is still minimized. In addition, by placing cap 120 on the outer end of valve 96, passage 114 is still sealed, because flare 122 at the outer end of valve 96 engages seat 124 of cap" 120.
• Valve 14 also includes a safety relief which prevents an explosion in the event that gas pressure within tank 12 reaches an unsafe level.
• the safety relief includes frangible disc 126 and disc retaining nut 128.
• Frangible disc 126 is located in safety port 34 at an opposite end of auxiliary passage 30 from fill fitting assembly 92. Retaining nut 128 is threaded into safety relief port 34, and holds frangible disc 126 in a position where it seals safety relief port 34. If the pressure within tank 12, and therefore within auxiliary passage 30, exceeds a predetermined level, frangible disc 126 ruptures. This permits inflation gas to flow out of tank 12, through inlet port 22, inlet passage 28 and auxiliary passage 30, through disc 126 into passage 130 of retaining nut 128, and out discharge vents 132.
• valve 14 of the present inventon permits proof testing of the inflation system (i.e. tank and valve together) through fill fitting assembly 92, without damage to valve 14. Because the proof testing involves pressures which are higher than the safety pressure, safety relief port 34 must be blocked so that frangible disc 126 is not ruptured during system proof testing.
• the raft inflation valve 14 of the present invention provides a number of significant advantages. First, it provides ultra-high reliability because the portion of valve 14 which controls flow between inlet port 22 and outlet port 26 is not affected by contamination or environmental changes. Tank filling, tank bleed down, pressure measurement, and system proof testing can be performed independently through fill fitting 92. Second, valve 14 is capable of operating over a wide pressure range, preferably up to and including 6,000 psi. This makes valve 14 usable with any of the commonly available inflation gases.
• valve 14 the actuating of valve 14 involves only one moving part. This greatly enhances reliability and also makes valve 14 much easier to manufacture.
• valve 14 requires a very low actuating force (typically 10 to 20 pounds) even when the inflation gas is at a very high pressure.
• Figure 7 shows inflatable life raft 10 in its fully inflated condition.
• the pressurized gas used to inflate life raft 210 has been supplied from one or more pressure vessels 212 which are attached to and carried by raft 210.
• Pressure vessel or tank 212 is typically a metal or metal-lined fiberglass tank which contains an inflation gas stored under pressure.
• Each pressure tank 212 has a raft inflation valve 214 attached at one end. Under normal storage conditions, life raft 210 is deflated and stored in a compact package.
• a pull cable 215, ( Figure 9) is connected to a removable firing pin 216 ( Figures 8 and 9) of valve 214 so that when cable 215 is pulled, firing pin 216 is pulled out of valve 214
• valve 214 is actuated. This causes valve 214 to open, thus allowing the inflation gas from pressure tank 212 to pass through valve 214 and outlet hose 217 and into the interior of life raft 210.
• Figures 8-10 show raft inflation valve 214 of the present invention in further detail.
• Figure 8 is an end view of tank 212 and valve 214 with portions shown in section.
• valve 214 is in its normal closed state prior to actuation. This is the state in which valve 214 is found when life raft 210 is deflated for storage.
• Inflation valve 214 includes a hexagonal stainless steel valve body 218 which has a threaded neck portion 220, inlet port 222, internal cylinder 224, outlet port 226, inlet passage 228, auxiliary passage 230A, safety passage 230B, fill port 232, safety relief port 234, firing pin passage 235, threaded pin guide receptacle 236, and vent 237.
• Threaded neck portion 220 of valve body 218 connects valve 214 to the end of tank 212.
• threaded neck portion 220 has a external (male) threads 238 which mate with internal (female) threads of the port (not shown) in the end of tank 212.
• O-ring tank seal 240 is positioned against shoulder 242 of valve body 218, and provides a seal between shoulder 242 and tank 212. It should be appreciated that in those embodiments in which valve 214 is to be used with a tank 212 having male rather than female threads, internal (female) threads are provided on the inner surface of inlet port 222.
• Inlet port 222 communicates with the interior of tank 212.
• Inlet passage 228 is connected at one end to inlet port 222, and at its other it intersects internal cylinder 224.
• the axis of inlet passage 228 intersects and is perpendicular to the axis of internal cylinder 224.
• Outlet fitting 244 is threaded into outlet port 226, so that outlet passage 246 of outlet fitting 244 communicates with one end of internal cylinder 224.
• O-ring seal 248 provides a seal between outlet fitting 244 and valve body 218.
• outlet fitting 244 has male threads 250 at its outer end which allow hose coupling 252 (which has cooperating female threads) to be connected to outlet fitting 244.
• piston 254 is a double-ended piston having a first piston head 256A with an O-ring seal 260 and backup ring 262 and second piston head 256B with an O-ring seal 264 and backup ring 266.
• valve 214 is closed, because piston 254 is positioned so that O-rings 260 and 264 are positioned on opposite sides of inlet passage 228 to prevent any leakage in either direction around piston 254. Since there is no pressure difference between the opposite ends of piston 254 (because the ends of piston heads.
• piston 254 can be moved (for actuation) simply by overcoming the drag of O-rings 260 and 264 on the wall of internal cylinder 224. This results in a low actuation force that is only remotely related to " the operating pressure of the inflation system.
• Valve 214 is actuated to an open condition by a firing mechanism which includes firing pin 216,
• Firing pin guide 268 is threaded into recepticle 236 and has a guide bore 272 which is aligned with firing pin passage 235. As shown in Figure 9, firing pin 216 is normally inserted through bore 272 and passage 235, so that the inner end of firing pin 216 is positioned in internal cylinder 224 and engages the end of piston head 256B.
• compression spring 270 is carried within an enlarged portion of outlet passage 246 near the outlet end of internal cylinder 224.
• One end of compression spring 270 acts against internal shoulder 274 of outlet fitting 244 and the other end of compression spring 270 acts against the end of piston head 256A.
• Firing pin 216 has a pull ring 276 attached at its outer end for connection to pull cable 215.
• tension spring 270 moves piston 254 away from outlet port 226 and toward vent 237.
• the pressurized gas begins to flow from pressure vessel 212 through inlet 222 and inlet passage 228 into internal cylinder 224.
• Compression spring 270 is preferably a relatively stiff spring, so as to provide more than enough bias force to move piston head 256 when firing pin 216 is removed.
• a spring-loaded safety ball catch 278 is carried at the inner end of firing pin 216.
• Safety ball catch 278 resists the removal of firing pin 216 from internal cylinder 224 unless there is a sufficient pull force on firing pin 16 to depress safety ball catch 278 and allow it to pass into firing pin passage 235.
• pull cable 215 and firing pin 216 must release valve 214, because pull cable 215 is normally attached at its outer end to the ship, and valve 214 is actuated when life raft 210 is thrown overboard or when the ship sinks. In that type of application, cable 215 and firing pin 216 must disconnect entirely from valve 214, so that life raft 210 is totally disconnected from the ship.
• firing pin 216 is oriented so that the pull force for actuation is parallel to the longitudinal axis of pressure vessel 212 and valve 214.
• This "end pull" configuration is particularly advantageous for retrofit applications, because the vast majority of current life raft systems use this configuration.
• Safety wire 280 ( Figure 8) is threaded through safety wire passage 282 ( Figure 9), which extends through guide nut 268 and firing pin 216.
• the outer ends of safety wire 280 are preferably twisted together, as shown in Figure 8.
• Safety wire 280 provides a visual indication as to whether valve 214 has already been actuated. Safety wire 280 is broken when a pulling force is applied to firing pin 216 which results in actuation of valve 214.
• An important advantage of valve 214 of the present invention is that it permits tank filling, tank bleed down, pressure measurement, and system (i.e., tank and valve) pressure proof testing without disturbance of piston 254 and without exposing internal cylinder 224, piston 254, and outlet fitting 244 to possible contamination that could subsequently result in inflation system failure.
• auxiliary passage 230A intersects inlet passage 228 between inlet port 222 and internal cylinder 224.
• Fill fitting assembly 292 which
• MPI includes housing 294 and fill valve 296, is attached to valve body 218 at fill port 232.
• Housing 294 has threads 298 which are threaded into fill port 232.
• O-ring 300 provides a seal between valve body 218 and housing 294.
• Fill valve 296 is threaded into housing 294, and has an inner end 302 which engages valve seat 304 of fill port 232.
• O-ring 310 and backup ring 312 provide a seal between fill valve 296 and housing 294.
• An internal passage 314 extends substantially the entire length of fill valve 296. Passage 314 ends at inner end 302 of fill valve 296, where it is intersected by passage 316.
• fill valve 296 At the outer end of fill valve 296 are male threads 318, which permit connection of other apparatus to fill fitting assembly 292 such as a source of gas (when tank 212 is to be filled), a pressure gauge (when the pressure in tank 212 is to be measured), or backup seal/threaded protector cap 320 as shown in Figure 8 (under normal storage and use conditions).
• a source of gas when tank 212 is to be filled
• a pressure gauge when the pressure in tank 212 is to be measured
• backup seal/threaded protector cap 320 as shown in Figure 8 (under normal storage and use conditions).
• fill valve 296 When tank 212 is being filled or bled down or when pressure measurement or proof testing is being performed through fill fitting 292, fill valve 296 is backed out of housing 294 partially so that valve end 302 is no longer in engagement with valve seat 304. This permits gas flow between passage 314 of fill valve 296 and auxiliary passage 230 in valve body 218. Even when fill valve 296 is partially backed out, O-ring 310 maintains a seal between fill valve 296 and housing 294, so that the gas flow through fill fitting assembly 292 is controlled. To again bring valve end 302 into engagement with valve seat 304, fill valve 296 is rotated in an opposite direction. in any filling operation, the possibility of contamination being introduced exists. Fill assembly 292 minimizes the effects of contamination.
• valve seat 304 if a soft contaminant is present at valve seat 304, the force applied as fill valve 296 is threaded inwardly into housing 294 tends to crush and displace the contamination. If a hard contaminant is present at valve seat 304, any leak at valve seat 304 is still minimized. In addition, by -placing-cap 320 on the outer end of valve 296, passage 314 is still sealed, because flare 322 at the outer end of valve 296 engages seat 324 of cap 320.
• Valve 214 also includes a safety relief which prevents an explosion in the event that gas pressure within tank 212 reaches an unsafe level.
• the safety relief includes frangible disc 326 and disc retainer nut 328.
• Frangible disc 326 is located in safety port 234 at an outer end of safety passage 230B. At its inner end, safety passage 230B intersects inlet passage 228 at a position between inlet port 222 and internal cylinder 224.
• Retainer 328 is threaded into safety relief port 234, and holds frangible disc 326 in a position where it seals safety relief port 234. If the pressure within tank 212, and therefore within auxiliary passage 230, exceeds a predetermined level, frangible disc 326 ruptures. This permits inflation gas to flow out of tank 212, through inlet port 222, inlet passage 228 and safety passage 230B, through disc 326 into passage 330 of retainer 328, and out discharge vents 332.
• valve 214 of the present inventon permits proof testing of the inflation system (i.e., tank and valve together) through fill fitting assembly 292, without damage to valve 214. Because the proof testing involves pressures which are higher than the safety pressure, safety relief port 234 must be blocked so that frangible disc 326 is not ruptured during system proof testing.
• the raft inflation valve 214 of the present invention provides a number of significant advantages. First, it provides ultra-high reliability because the portion -of valve 214 which controls flow between inlet port 222 and outlet port 226 is not affected by contamination or environmental changes. Tank filling, tank bleed down, pressure measurement, and system proof testing can be performed independently through fill fitting 292.
• valve 214 is compact, relatively light-weight, uses a small number of parts and is easier to manufacture than prior art valves.
• valve 214 requires a very low actuating force even when the inflation gas is at a high pressure.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=27048002

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 1984
  • 1984-04-12 CA CA000451824A patent/CA1222907A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1984-04-13 WO PCT/US1984/000511 patent/WO1984004078A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-04-13 EP EP19840901839 patent/EP0141837A4/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events