EP0138257A1 - Electric switch - Google Patents
Electric switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0138257A1 EP0138257A1 EP84201353A EP84201353A EP0138257A1 EP 0138257 A1 EP0138257 A1 EP 0138257A1 EP 84201353 A EP84201353 A EP 84201353A EP 84201353 A EP84201353 A EP 84201353A EP 0138257 A1 EP0138257 A1 EP 0138257A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switch
- mass
- movable
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric switch, provided with at least two cooperating contacts, of which at least one can be moved to and from the other contact for switching on and off the switch respectively, drive means for the movable contact, in order to move it when the switch is open, from a given position at a distance from the other contact to this other contact for switching on the switch.
- the measures according to the invention are characterized by at least one movable mass, which, in the given position of the movable contact in an open switch, is resting against the other contact on another side of this other contact than the side by which, when switching on the switch, the movable contact is stopped, one and another such that the impact energy herewith generated is transmitted by the other contact to the mass, where the impact energy is converted again into movement energy of this mass.
- the solution according to the invention is based on the thought not to destroy the kinetic or movement energy of the movable contact, when it strikes, but if possible to convert it into pressure waves, which propagate through the other contact to the other side thereof,where these pressure waves are converted again into kinetic or movement energy of the mass.
- the invention relates to an electric switch, which is also provided with at least two cooperating contacts, of which at least one can be moved to and from the other contact in order to switch on and off the switch respectively, drive means being present for the movable contact in order to move it, when the switch is closed, from the position in which it is resting against the other contact, away from the other contact.
- the switch off velocity in the usual switches is limited to a maximum of 1 m per second.
- the velocity of the movable contact, when switching off, can be increased considerably nowadays, by applying further measures according to the invention, which are characterized by at least one movable mass, which, in said position of the movable contact, when the switch is closed, is kept at a distance from the other contact at another side of this other contact than the side against which the movable contact is resting., means for driving the movable mass to the other contact, one and another such that the impact energy, when the movable mass strikes against the other contact, is transmitted by this other contact to the movable contact, where the impact energy is converted into movement energy of the movable contact.
- the means for driving the movable contact to the other contact consist of resilient means, while means for maintaining the movable mass are present, which maintain this mass in a position, in which movement energy has been buffered into the resilient means.
- This movement energy can be buffered into the means for maintaining the mass upon movement of the mass as a consequence of the impact energy, which, at the preceding closing of the switch, is transmitted after the striking of the movable contact against the other contact.
- the movement energy of the movable contact can be buffered in a spring, while also here means for maintaining the movable contact ar0 applied, in order to lock it against the force of the drive means in the given position, when the switch is open. Also in this case said locking will occur at the moment that the movable contact has come to a standstill and all the movement energy has been buffered into the resilient means.
- a switch in addition to contact vibration being omitted, a switch is provided, which can be switched on and off with very litcle energy. In principle only the energy lost by friction needs to be replenished. Besides, high initial velocities are possible when opening the contacts.
- FIG.1 shows a vacuum switch, provided with a fixed contact 2 and a movable contact 3.
- bellows provide the vacuum tight sealing of the vacuum interrupter.
- the bellows 4 are also used for the driving of contact 3.
- the movable contact 3 For switching on, in the first place, the movable contact 3 is moved away from the fixed contact 2, with the help of the electro-magnet 10. In doing so, the bellows 4 are stretched, so that both the bellows 4 and the atmospheric pressure will affect the movable contact 3.
- the movable contact 3 is held in this stretched position by a locking mechanism 9, only shown in principle, consisting of a tiltable lever, pressed against the movable contact 3 by a spring. With the help of an electro-magnet, the lever can be turned to the left, whereby the locking is removed.
- a buffer in the form of a spiral spring 6 or the like can be provided, in which then a conversion of kinetic or movement energy into potential energy will take place.
- This locking mechanism 8 sees to it that no reversal of the movement of the mass 5 can occur.
- This locking mechanism 8 can be of similar construction as the locking mechanism 9.
- the mass 5 When switching off the switch, the mass 5 will be unlocked, after which this mass 5 is moved to the fixed contact 2, under the influence of the energy buffered in the spiral spring 6.
- the impact energy which will arise then is converted again into a pressure wave in the fixed contact 2, which pressure wave propogates to the left through contact 2 and which in the left end is again converted in movement energy of the movable contact 3, by which the latter is driven to the left.
- this impact energy of the mass 5 provides a very fast separation of the two contacts 2 and 3.
- Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the locking mechanisms are not shown.
- an extra energy buffer 13 is used here.
- this energy buffer 13 the switching on energy can also be buffered. After unlocking, when switching on, this energy will, for example in the spring, which is shown, drive the movable contact 3 to the right, after which the same effects will arise as in the case of fig. 1, in which the mass 5 totally captures the impact energy.
- This mass 5 is again taken up by a buffer, here in the form of an electric mass 6, for example made of rubber, in which the energy is converted and stored as potential energy. In the position, in which the mass 5 comes to a standstill after moving to the right in the drawing, this mass 5 is locked again. When switching off, this buffered potential energy can be used again for accelerating the movable contact 3.
Landscapes
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to an electric switch, provided with at least two cooperating contacts, of which at least one can be moved to and from the other contact for switching on and off the switch respectively, drive means for the movable contact, in order to move it when the switch is open, from a given position at a distance from the other contact to this other contact for switching on the switch.
- \1hen switching on such a switch, in the end the movable contact strikes against the other contact. As a result of this, it is possible that because of the impact energy which is released in the customary switches, vibrations of contacts can arise, resulting in contact interruptions of short duration with arc-forming and a chance of welding the contacts.
- To prevent this in general the contact force is increased. However, higher contact forces demand extra energy in operating the switch, because in that case also said increased contact force must be produced, while the parts must be carried out heavier too in order to be able to take up the higher contact forces.
- Such vibrations can be avoided by strongly reducing the velocity of the movable contact just before touching the other contact, even by reducing it to zero. However, this demands rather constructive appliances.
- The disadvantages mentioned above are avoided now by the measures according to the invention, which are characterized by at least one movable mass, which, in the given position of the movable contact in an open switch, is resting against the other contact on another side of this other contact than the side by which, when switching on the switch, the movable contact is stopped, one and another such that the impact energy herewith generated is transmitted by the other contact to the mass, where the impact energy is converted again into movement energy of this mass.
- The solution according to the invention is based on the thought not to destroy the kinetic or movement energy of the movable contact, when it strikes, but if possible to convert it into pressure waves, which propagate through the other contact to the other side thereof,where these pressure waves are converted again into kinetic or movement energy of the mass.
- As both contacts also have a certain mass, one generally speaks of the so-called third mass in the case of the above mentioned mass.
- If the said conversion takes place with an efficiency of 100%, there will be no contact vibrations. It is true, the third mass must be stopped in the end, but this can be done more gradually.
- In addition, the invention relates to an electric switch, which is also provided with at least two cooperating contacts, of which at least one can be moved to and from the other contact in order to switch on and off the switch respectively, drive means being present for the movable contact in order to move it, when the switch is closed, from the position in which it is resting against the other contact, away from the other contact.
- When opening the electric switch, it is advantageous in removing the movable contact from the fixed contact with the highest velocity possible, in order to extinguish the generated arc as soon as possible. For practical reasons, the switch off velocity in the usual switches is limited to a maximum of 1 m per second.
- The velocity of the movable contact, when switching off, can be increased considerably nowadays, by applying further measures according to the invention, which are characterized by at least one movable mass, which, in said position of the movable contact, when the switch is closed, is kept at a distance from the other contact at another side of this other contact than the side against which the movable contact is resting., means for driving the movable mass to the other contact, one and another such that the impact energy, when the movable mass strikes against the other contact, is transmitted by this other contact to the movable contact, where the impact energy is converted into movement energy of the movable contact.
- Preferably, the means for driving the movable contact to the other contact, consist of resilient means, while means for maintaining the movable mass are present, which maintain this mass in a position, in which movement energy has been buffered into the resilient means.
- This movement energy can be buffered into the means for maintaining the mass upon movement of the mass as a consequence of the impact energy, which, at the preceding closing of the switch, is transmitted after the striking of the movable contact against the other contact.
- Except the advantage, when applying the movable mass, that there is no contact vibration and that the switch is opened with a velocity as high as possble, the advantage arises that the switch can be cperated with little extra energy both for opening and for closing.
- In opening the switch with the help of the effects mentioned, the movement energy of the movable contact can be buffered in a spring, while also here means for maintaining the movable contact ar0 applied, in order to lock it against the force of the drive means in the given position, when the switch is open. Also in this case said locking will occur at the moment that the movable contact has come to a standstill and all the movement energy has been buffered into the resilient means.
- In the cases mentioned above, in addition to contact vibration being omitted, a switch is provided, which can be switched on and off with very litcle energy. In principle only the energy lost by friction needs to be replenished. Besides, high initial velocities are possible when opening the contacts.
- The invention will now be explained further with the help of the drawings, in which two embodiments are shown.
- Fig. 1 shows a switch according to the invention, having lock means and a spiral spring for buffering the movement energy of the third mass.
- Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment having resilient means for buffering the movement energy of the third masc.
- In fig.1, 1 shows a vacuum switch, provided with a fixed
contact 2 and amovable contact 3. In the usual way, bellows provide the vacuum tight sealing of the vacuum interrupter. In this construction, the bellows 4 are also used for the driving ofcontact 3. - For switching on, in the first place, the
movable contact 3 is moved away from thefixed contact 2, with the help of the electro-magnet 10. In doing so, the bellows 4 are stretched, so that both the bellows 4 and the atmospheric pressure will affect themovable contact 3. Themovable contact 3 is held in this stretched position by a locking mechanism 9, only shown in principle, consisting of a tiltable lever, pressed against themovable contact 3 by a spring. With the help of an electro-magnet, the lever can be turned to the left, whereby the locking is removed. - This locking is removed when switching on and under the influence of the bellows 4 and the atmospheric pressure, the
movable contact 3 will be moved then to the fixedcontact 2. - When both
contacts contact 2 and at the other side will be transmitted to themass 5, due to which said mass will move away from the fixedcontact 2. - In order to capture the movement energy of
mass 5, a buffer in the form of a spiral spring 6 or the like can be provided, in which then a conversion of kinetic or movement energy into potential energy will take place. - At the moment that the
mass 5 is at a standstill, the locking mechanism 8 sees to it that no reversal of the movement of themass 5 can occur. This locking mechanism 8 can be of similar construction as the locking mechanism 9. - Because the impact energy is transmitted fully to the
mass 5 by the fixedcontact 2, there will be neither contact vibrations, nor permanent contect deformation between the fixed and the movable contacts. All the forces stay within the elastic deformation region. - When switching off the switch, the
mass 5 will be unlocked, after which thismass 5 is moved to thefixed contact 2, under the influence of the energy buffered in the spiral spring 6. The impact energy, which will arise then is converted again into a pressure wave in thefixed contact 2, which pressure wave propogates to the left throughcontact 2 and which in the left end is again converted in movement energy of themovable contact 3, by which the latter is driven to the left. In addition to the electro-magnet 10, this impact energy of themass 5 provides a very fast separation of the twocontacts - Both at switching on and switching off, the fixed contact remains practically motionless. Only a so-called 'thrust-through effect' will arise like e.g. with three billiard balls.
- Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the locking mechanisms are not shown.
- Instead of an electro-magnet, an
extra energy buffer 13 is used here. With thisenergy buffer 13, the switching on energy can also be buffered. After unlocking, when switching on, this energy will, for example in the spring, which is shown, drive themovable contact 3 to the right, after which the same effects will arise as in the case of fig. 1, in which themass 5 totally captures the impact energy. Thismass 5 is again taken up by a buffer, here in the form of an electric mass 6, for example made of rubber, in which the energy is converted and stored as potential energy. In the position, in which themass 5 comes to a standstill after moving to the right in the drawing, thismass 5 is locked again. When switching off, this buffered potential energy can be used again for accelerating themovable contact 3. - In applying a so-called third mass, there are a great number of advantages obtained, of which the most important are the following:
- 1. The switching on is totally free of vibrations.
- 2. The driving takes very little energy, which means that a switch can be manufactured having lighter components.
- 3. It is possible to work with higher movement velocities of the
movable contact 3. When switching off initial velocities up to 4 m per second can certainly be reached. Also much higher switching on velocities can be applied. These velocities are now limited to a maximum of 1 m per second in connection with the vibrations. - 4. A greater freedom of construction by which, for example, the driving rod with the associated isolation can be eliminated.
- It stands to reason, that the inventicn is not restricted to the embodiment as shown in the drawings and the description above.
- Thus the invention, in addition to the described vacuum switch, can be applied to other switches too.
Claims (8)
characterized b y at least one movable mass, which, in the given position of the movable contact, when the switch is open, is resting against the other contact on another side of this other contact than the side by which, when switching on the switch, the movable contact is stoppe,one and another such, that the impact energy generated herewith is transmitted by the other contact to the mass, where the impact energy is converted again into movement energy of said mass.
characterized b y resilient means, which press the movable mass against the other contact.
characterized i n that the means for driving the movable mass to the other contact are resilient means, and that means to maintain this mass are provided, which maintain this mass in a position in which driving energy for the movable mass has been buffered into the resilient means.
characterized i n that the driving energy is buffered into the resilient means, when the mass is moved by the impact energy, which, at the preceding closing of the switch, is transmitted after the striking of the movable contact against the other contact.
characterized b y means for maintaining the movable contact, in order to lock this contact in the given position, against the force of the drive means, when the switch is open.
characterized i n that the resilient means consist of a spiral spring.
characterized i n that the resilient means consist of an elastic mass.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84201353T ATE32150T1 (en) | 1983-09-21 | 1984-09-20 | ELECTRICAL SWITCH. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8303244 | 1983-09-21 | ||
NL8303244A NL8303244A (en) | 1983-09-21 | 1983-09-21 | ELECTRIC SWITCH. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0138257A1 true EP0138257A1 (en) | 1985-04-24 |
EP0138257B1 EP0138257B1 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
Family
ID=19842433
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84201353A Expired EP0138257B1 (en) | 1983-09-21 | 1984-09-20 | Electric switch |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0138257B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE32150T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3468955D1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8303244A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0284390A2 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-09-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vacuum breaker |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR685078A (en) * | 1929-11-16 | 1930-07-04 | Mittelbadische Papiermanufaktu | Paper bags |
GB677466A (en) * | 1950-01-27 | 1952-08-13 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrical contactors |
DE956423C (en) * | 1953-03-10 | 1957-01-17 | Licentia Gmbh | Compressed gas switch, especially with a free air separation section |
DE1045514B (en) * | 1955-10-04 | 1958-12-04 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Bounce-free switch contact arrangement |
GB913745A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1962-12-28 | Kelvin & Hughes Ltd | Improvements in and relating to a switch for electric pulse generation |
-
1983
- 1983-09-21 NL NL8303244A patent/NL8303244A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-09-20 EP EP84201353A patent/EP0138257B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-20 DE DE8484201353T patent/DE3468955D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-20 AT AT84201353T patent/ATE32150T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR685078A (en) * | 1929-11-16 | 1930-07-04 | Mittelbadische Papiermanufaktu | Paper bags |
GB677466A (en) * | 1950-01-27 | 1952-08-13 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrical contactors |
DE956423C (en) * | 1953-03-10 | 1957-01-17 | Licentia Gmbh | Compressed gas switch, especially with a free air separation section |
DE1045514B (en) * | 1955-10-04 | 1958-12-04 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Bounce-free switch contact arrangement |
GB913745A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1962-12-28 | Kelvin & Hughes Ltd | Improvements in and relating to a switch for electric pulse generation |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0284390A2 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-09-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vacuum breaker |
EP0284390A3 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1989-10-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vacuum breaker |
US4926017A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1990-05-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vacuum breaker |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8303244A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
EP0138257B1 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
ATE32150T1 (en) | 1988-02-15 |
DE3468955D1 (en) | 1988-02-25 |
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