EP0135850A1 - High pressure accumulator - Google Patents

High pressure accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0135850A1
EP0135850A1 EP84110454A EP84110454A EP0135850A1 EP 0135850 A1 EP0135850 A1 EP 0135850A1 EP 84110454 A EP84110454 A EP 84110454A EP 84110454 A EP84110454 A EP 84110454A EP 0135850 A1 EP0135850 A1 EP 0135850A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pressure
gas
support tube
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84110454A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0135850B2 (en
EP0135850B1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Dr. Kruckewitt
Horst Plettner
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ABB AG Germany
BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
Original Assignee
Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
Asea Brown Boveri AG Germany
BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
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Application filed by Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany, Asea Brown Boveri AG Germany, BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany filed Critical Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
Priority to AT84110454T priority Critical patent/ATE21731T1/en
Publication of EP0135850A1 publication Critical patent/EP0135850A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/04—Accumulators
    • F15B1/08—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor
    • F15B1/24—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor with rigid separating means, e.g. pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/20—Accumulator cushioning means
    • F15B2201/205—Accumulator cushioning means using gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/20—Accumulator cushioning means
    • F15B2201/21—Accumulator cushioning means using springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/30—Accumulator separating means
    • F15B2201/31—Accumulator separating means having rigid separating means, e.g. pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/30—Accumulator separating means
    • F15B2201/32—Accumulator separating means having multiple separating means, e.g. with an auxiliary piston sliding within a main piston, multiple membranes or combinations thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/40—Constructional details of accumulators not otherwise provided for
    • F15B2201/415—Gas ports
    • F15B2201/4155—Gas ports having valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/50—Monitoring, detection and testing means for accumulators
    • F15B2201/51—Pressure detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure accumulator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • High-pressure accumulators of this type serve to provide hydraulic oil for a hydraulic system, in particular an electrical high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • high-pressure accumulators of this type have an approximately cylindrical body which is closed at both ends in a pressure-tight manner by means of end caps. Inside the cylindrical body there is a piston that separates a gas space from the hydraulic fluid side.
  • the gas-side cover is connected to a gas connection for the refilling of leek gas and the oil-side is connected to an oil connection.
  • the pressurized gas usually N 2
  • N 2 the pressurized gas
  • the main problem to be dealt with is that the gas used as a spring slowly flows out of the gas space, since absolute tightness can rarely be achieved. If the full amount of gas is now available, the maximum distance to be covered by the piston is placed in the cylinder space or accumulator body in such a way that the accumulator piston basically does not hit the support tube when the oil is returned to the accumulator. However, if a certain leakage has occurred, the storage piston can come to rest against the support tube during the filling process.
  • the filling process is generally carried out in such a way that the pump continues to run for a few seconds above the cut-off pressure, that is to say above a certain pressure at which the pump could be switched off because there is sufficient oil again in the reservoir. As mentioned, the piston can lie against the support tube.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a memory of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a prewarning signal is given in the case of a certain leakage condition, but which is of particularly simple design.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the pressure over the running time of a pump for filling up a gas pressure accumulator shown schematically in FIG.
  • a cylindrical body 10 can be seen in FIG. 2, which is closed at both ends by means of a cover 11 and 12.
  • a piston 13 is guided to move back and forth within the cylinder and separates the left, gas-filled space 14 from the right, oil-filled space 15.
  • N 2 is expediently used as the gas.
  • a support tube 16 is attached, which runs in the central axis of the cylinder.
  • a spring 17 is attached, on the free end of which a stop 18 is attached.
  • curve K 1 will change.
  • the starting position of the piston will shift to the left, so that at the same pressure P E , that is, when the pump starts to deliver oil, the movement of the piston begins at T e i n2 . It runs parallel to K 1 and below it to point T A2 , at the pressure P A. From there, the run-on time t V begins, so that the pump continues to run over the period T A2 , so that the piston lies on the spring at T BE . Then the curve K 2 runs parallel to the curve K 1 with the steeper angle, the pressure P out1 being exceeded and continuing to rise up to the pressure P out2 .
  • a certain pressure PW is exceeded, which is to be regarded as a warning pressure for the fact that the leakage of the gas will soon become so great that the piston compresses the spring on the block and thus the steep area of the curve K 1 or K 2 is reached, if the pump continues to deliver oil.
  • the advance warning pressure means that a critical stage has now been reached at which it is slowly advisable to compensate for the leakage losses in the gas, ie in room 14. If the leakage is even greater, then there is the problem that the blocking position T BL of the spring 17 is reached during the follow-up time tv, so that the pressure curve approaches a vertical line, ie the pressure suddenly rises very steeply.
  • P S approximately
  • FIG. 3 shows a structural design of a hydraulic accumulator in the diagram.
  • a storage piston 33 is displaceably arranged within the storage housing and separates the space 34 in which gas is filled from the oil pressure space 35. Gas can be filled into the space 34 at a feed valve 36.
  • a support tube 37 is attached to the cover 32 and has a dividing wall 38 in its central region; the support tube 37 extends beyond the partition with an extension 39.
  • the extension 39 comprises a piston 40 to which a stop 41 is attached and guides it.
  • the wall 38 is penetrated by a screw bolt 42, which rests with its screw head 43 against the left side of the wall and is screwed into the interior of the piston 40 with its free end.
  • a pressure spring assembly 44 is located between the wall 38 and the piston 40.
  • the movement of the piston 40 in The direction of the arrow A is limited by the nut 43 striking the wall 38 and the movement of the piston 40 to the left B by the fact that the spring windings or spring elements lie one on top of the other in the block. You can of course also ensure that the distance D between the free end of the support tube 38 or the cylinder 39 and the stop 41 corresponds to the distance between T BE and T B lock . Then the same thing is achieved as in FIG. 2 when the spring 17 lies on the block.
  • the mode of operation of the hydraulic accumulator according to FIG. 2 explained with reference to FIG. 1 corresponds identically to the mode of operation of the hydraulic accumulator according to FIG. 3, so that it does not have to be discussed in more detail.
  • the piston does not run directly onto the support tube, but first onto the stop 18 or 41, which is under the pressure of a spring, so that the gas characteristic overlaps the spring characteristic of the spring 17 or 44 becomes. This makes it possible for the pressure to exceed a prewarning pressure, which signals that the leak in space 14 has reached a certain amount, so that it is necessary to refill gas as soon as possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

Ein Hochdruckspeicher für ein Arbeitsfluid, insbesondere Hydrauliköl, für eine hydraulische Steueranlage besitzt einen einen Kolben (13) enthaltenden Zylinder, auf dessen einer Seite das Arbeitsfluid und auf dessen anderer Seite eine Gasfeder angeordnet ist. Dieser Hochdruckspeicher besitzt Druckfühler, die bei Erreichen bestimmter Stellungen des Kolbens und damit bei Erreichen bestimmter Drücke im Hydraulikfluid ein Signal abgeben. Ferner besitzt der Hochdruckspeicher ein im Gasraum (14) an dessen Abschlußwand (11) angeordnetes Stützrohr (16), gegen das sich der Kolben (13) bei einem Gasverlust anlegen kann. Damit der Betrieb des Hydaulikspeichers sicherer werden kann, ist am Stützrohr (16) ein Anschlagelement (18) angeordnet und zwischen dem Stützrohr und dem Anschlagelement eine Feder (17) vorgesehen. Dadurch, daß bei einem bestimmten Druck pW, der einer bestimmten Stellung des Kolbens (13), bei dem die Feder (17) teilweise zusammengedrückt ist, entspricht, kann ein Vorwarnsignal abgegeben werden.A high-pressure accumulator for a working fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, for a hydraulic control system has a cylinder containing a piston (13), on one side of which the working fluid and on the other side of which a gas spring is arranged. This high-pressure accumulator has pressure sensors which emit a signal when certain positions of the piston are reached and thus when certain pressures in the hydraulic fluid are reached. The high-pressure accumulator also has a support tube (16) in the gas space (14) on its end wall (11), against which the piston (13) can rest in the event of gas loss. So that the operation of the hydraulic accumulator can be made safer, a stop element (18) is arranged on the support tube (16) and a spring (17) is provided between the support tube and the stop element. The fact that at a certain pressure pW, which corresponds to a certain position of the piston (13), at which the spring (17) is partially compressed, a warning signal can be emitted.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochdruckspeicher gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a high-pressure accumulator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Hochdruckspeicher dienen dazu, Hydrauliköl für eine Hydraulikanlage insbesondere eines elektrischen Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalters bereitzustellen.High-pressure accumulators of this type serve to provide hydraulic oil for a hydraulic system, in particular an electrical high-voltage circuit breaker.

Im allgemeinen besitzen derartige Hochdruckspeicher einen in etwa zylindrischen Körper, der an seinen beiden Enden mittels Abschlußdeckeln druckdicht verschlossen ist. Im Inneren des zylindrischen Körpers befindet sich ein Kolben, der einen Gasraum von der Hydraulik-Fluidseite trennt. Der gasseitige Deckel ist mit einem Gasanschluß zum Nachspeisen von Leekagegas und der ölseitige mit einem Ölanschluß verbunden.In general, high-pressure accumulators of this type have an approximately cylindrical body which is closed at both ends in a pressure-tight manner by means of end caps. Inside the cylindrical body there is a piston that separates a gas space from the hydraulic fluid side. The gas-side cover is connected to a gas connection for the refilling of leek gas and the oil-side is connected to an oil connection.

Im Inneren des Körpers auf dessen Gasseite befindet sich an dem dort befindlichen Deckel ein Stützrohr, gegen das sich der Speicherkolben unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen, die weiter unter erläutert werden sollen, anlegen wird.In the interior of the body on the gas side there is a support tube on the cover located there, against which the storage piston will bear under certain conditions, which will be explained further below.

Wenn beispielsweise für einen Schaltvorgang Hydrauliköl gebraucht wird, wird das unter Druck stehende Gas, meist N2, den Kolben entsprechend der entnommenen Menge Öl verschieben. Wenn eine bestimmte Menge Öl entnommen ist, wird eine Pumpe in Tätigkeit gesetzt, die die entnommene Ölmenge wieder in den Speicher zurückpumpt.For example, if hydraulic oil is needed for a switching operation, the pressurized gas, usually N 2 , will move the piston according to the amount of oil withdrawn. When a certain amount of oil has been removed, a pump is activated which pumps the withdrawn amount of oil back into the storage tank.

Das Hauptproblem, mit dem man sich zu befassen hat, besteht darin, daß das als Feder verwendete Gas langsam aus dem Gasraum herausströmt, da absolute Dichtigkeit in den seltensten Fällen erreicht werden kann. Wenn nun die volle Menge Gas vorhanden ist, wird die maximal von dem Kolben zurückzulegende Strecke so in den Zylinderraum bzw. Speicherkörper gelegt, daß der Speicherkolben grundsätzlich nicht auf das Stützrohr auftrifft, wenn das Öl wieder dem Speicher zugeführt wird. Wenn jedoch eine bestimmte Leckage aufgetreten ist, dann kann der Speicherkolben während des Füllvorgangs gegen das Stützrohr zum Anliegen kommen. Der Füllvorgang wird dabei im allgemeinen so durchgeführt, daß die Pumpe über den Absteuerdruck, d.h. also über einen bestimmten Druck, bei dem die Pumpe abgeschaltet werden könnte, weil sich wieder eine ausreichende Menge Öl im Speicher befindet,hinaus noch einige Sekunden weiterläuft. Dabei kann sich - wie erwähnt - der Kolben gegen das Stützrohr anlegen. Bei Auftreffen des Kolbens auf das Stützrohr steigt der Öldruck wegen der Steifigkeit des Stützrohres erheblich schneller an als vorher, als er nur Gas zu komprimieren hatte; dadurch wird ein Öldruck erreicht, aufgrund dessen ein; Meldekontakt ansprechen wird, der damit eine Leckage von Gas, bevorzugt N2 meldet. Andere Lösungen sind mit einem Meldekontakt im Gas-Bereich ausgeführt, so daß immer eine isolierte Durchführung, die als Schwachstelle bzw. Undichtigkeit anzusehen ist, vorhanden ist. Weitere bekannte Ausführungen sind mit Näherungsschaltern im Gas-Bereieh realisiert. Alle diese Ausführungen bewirken, daß bei Auftreffen des Speicherkolbens auf das Stützrohr die Notwendigkeit des Nachfüllens von Gas signalisiert wird.The main problem to be dealt with is that the gas used as a spring slowly flows out of the gas space, since absolute tightness can rarely be achieved. If the full amount of gas is now available, the maximum distance to be covered by the piston is placed in the cylinder space or accumulator body in such a way that the accumulator piston basically does not hit the support tube when the oil is returned to the accumulator. However, if a certain leakage has occurred, the storage piston can come to rest against the support tube during the filling process. The filling process is generally carried out in such a way that the pump continues to run for a few seconds above the cut-off pressure, that is to say above a certain pressure at which the pump could be switched off because there is sufficient oil again in the reservoir. As mentioned, the piston can lie against the support tube. When the piston hits the support tube, the oil pressure increases considerably because of the rigidity of the support tube faster than before when he only had to compress gas; thereby an oil pressure is reached due to which; Signal contact will respond, which thus reports a leak of gas, preferably N 2 . Other solutions are designed with a signaling contact in the gas area, so that there is always an insulated bushing that can be regarded as a weak point or leak. Other known designs are implemented with proximity switches in the gas range. All of these designs have the effect that the need to refill gas is signaled when the storage piston hits the support tube.

Da im allgemeinen das Gas nicht sehr schnell, sondern nur sehr langsam aus dem Gasraum ausströmt, wäre ein sofortiges Nachfüllen von Gas dann, wenn der Speicherkolben auf das Stützrohr auftrifft, nicht erforderlich. Es wäre daher sinnvoll, eine Vorwarnung vorzusehen, ein Signal also, das einen bestimmten Leckagefall tatsächlieh anzeigt. Würde man eine derartige Vorwarnung mit den bekannten Anordnungen, bspw. mit einem Meldekontakt im Gas-Bereich oder einem Näherungsschalter erzielen wollen, wäre die Anordnung sehr aufwendig.Since the gas generally does not flow out of the gas space very quickly, but only very slowly, it would not be necessary to refill the gas immediately when the storage piston hits the support tube. It would therefore make sense to provide a pre-warning, i.e. a signal that actually indicates a specific leak. If one wanted to achieve such a warning with the known arrangements, for example with a signaling contact in the gas range or a proximity switch, the arrangement would be very complex.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Speicher der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem bei einem bestimmten Leckagezustand ein Vorwarnungssignal gegeben wird, der aber besonders einfach ausgebildet ist.The object of the invention is to provide a memory of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a prewarning signal is given in the case of a certain leakage condition, but which is of particularly simple design.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Anhand der Zeichnung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist, soll die Erfindung näher erläutert und beschrieben werden. Insbesondere soll anhand der Zeichnung die Wirkungsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung dargestellt werden.

  • Fig. 1 ein Diagramm, das die Abhängigkeit des Druckes von der Pumpenlaufzeit im Speicher zeigt,
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Speichers und
  • Fig. 3 eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung des Speichers, in schematischer Darstellung.
The invention will be explained and described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which an embodiment of the invention is shown. In particular, the mode of operation of the embodiment according to the invention is to be illustrated with the aid of the drawing.
  • 1 is a diagram showing the dependence of the pressure on the pump running time in the memory,
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the memory according to the invention and
  • Fig. 3 shows an expedient embodiment of the memory, in a schematic representation.

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Diagramm des Druckes über der Laufzeit einer Pumpe zum Auffüllen eines in der Figur 2 schematisch dargestellten Gasdruckspeichers. Man erkennt in der Figur 2 einen zylindrischen Körper 10, der an seinen beiden Enden mittels eines Deckels 11 und 12 abgeschlossen ist. Innerhalb des Zylinders ist hin und herbewegbar geführt ein Kolben 13, der den linken, mit Gas gefüllten Raum 14 von dem rechten, mit Öl gefüllten Raum 15 trennt. Als Gas wird zweckmäßigerweise N2 verwendet. Am linken Abschlußdeckel 11 ist ein Stützrohr 16 angebracht, das in der Mittelachse des Zylinders verläuft. Auf dem freien Ende des Stützrohres 16 ist eine Feder 17 angebracht, an derem freien Ende ein Anschlag 18 befestigt ist.FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the pressure over the running time of a pump for filling up a gas pressure accumulator shown schematically in FIG. A cylindrical body 10 can be seen in FIG. 2, which is closed at both ends by means of a cover 11 and 12. A piston 13 is guided to move back and forth within the cylinder and separates the left, gas-filled space 14 from the right, oil-filled space 15. N 2 is expediently used as the gas. On the left end cover 11, a support tube 16 is attached, which runs in the central axis of the cylinder. On the free end of the support tube 16, a spring 17 is attached, on the free end of which a stop 18 is attached.

Es sei angenommen, daß aus dem Raum 15 Öl abgenommen wird. Aus der in der Figur 2 dargestellten Lage wird sich dann der Kolben 13 in Pfeilrichtung A bewegen. Wenn er die Stelle Tein1 (siehe Figur 1) erreicht hat, ist der Druck im Raum 15 soweit abgefallen, daß Drucköl nachgepumpt werden muß. Der Beginn der Laufzeit der Pumpe (nicht dargestellt), die Drucköl in den Raum 15 fördert, ist somit Tein1· Wenn die Pumpe Öl fördert, bewegt sich der Kolben entgegen der Pfeilrichtung A in Pfeilrichtung B, und zwar so lange, bis der Zeitpunkt TA1 bzw. der dazugehörige Druck PA erreicht wird. Der Druck PEin, der dem Beginn der Laufzeit der Pumpe Tein entspricht, beträgt bei elektrischen Hochspannungsleistungsschaltern bspw. 330 bar. Wenn der Druck PA im Raum 15 erreicht ist, könnte man die Pumpe abschalten; es wäre dann definitiv der Druck PA (entspricht 342 bar) erreicht, der zum optimalen Betrieb eines Hochspannungs-leistungsschalters ausreicht. In der Praxis aber bleibt die Pumpe eingeschaltet und läuft eine Zeit tv weiter. Zum Zeitpunkt Taus1 wird die Pumpe endgültig abgeschaltet und ein Druckniveau Paus1 ist erreicht, das höher liegt als PA. Wird nun weiter Öl in den Raum 15 gefördert, wird sich am Punkt TBE der Kolben 13 auf den Anschlag 18 auflegen. Dadurch verändert sich die Federkennlinie K1, die bis zu dem Punkt TBE alleine abhängig war von den Gascharakteristiken. Nunmehr überlagert sich dieser Charakteristik des Gases die von der Feder 17 herrührende Federcharakteristik, so daß die Kurve K1 links von TBE einen größeren Anstieg aufweist. Bei weiterer Ölförderung legen sich die Windungen der Feder 17 aufeinander: die Feder 17 wird starr, so daß die Kurve K1 am Punkt TBlock steil nach oben entsprechend Steifigkeit der Feder und des Stützrohres 16 ansteigt.It is assumed that oil is taken from room 15. The position shown in FIG. 2 becomes then the piston 13 move in the direction of arrow A. When it has reached the point T e i n1 (see FIG. 1), the pressure in the space 15 has dropped so far that pressure oil has to be pumped in again. The start of the running time of the pump (not shown), which delivers pressure oil into space 15, is thus T on1 . When the pump delivers oil, the piston moves in the direction of arrow B in the direction of arrow B until the point in time T A1 or the associated pressure P A is reached. The pressure Pein, corresponds to the beginning of the running time of the pump T e i n, for example, in electrical high-voltage circuit breakers. 330 bar. When the pressure P A in room 15 is reached, the pump could be switched off; the pressure P A (corresponding to 342 bar) would then definitely be reached, which is sufficient for the optimal operation of a high-voltage circuit breaker. In practice, however, the pump remains switched on and continues to run for a while. At time T out1 , the pump is finally switched off and a pressure level P out1 is reached which is higher than P A. If oil is now pumped into space 15, piston 13 will rest on stop 18 at point T BE . This changes the spring characteristic curve K 1 , which was dependent on the gas characteristics alone up to the point T BE . Now this characteristic of the gas is superimposed on the spring characteristic originating from the spring 17, so that the curve K 1 to the left of T BE has a larger increase. With further oil production, the turns of the spring 17 lie on top of one another: the spring 17 becomes rigid, so that the curve K 1 rises steeply at the point T block in accordance with the stiffness of the spring and the support tube 16.

Es sei nun angenommen, daß die Nachlaufzeit tv der Pumpe am Punkt TA1 bei einem Druck pA beginnt. Die Nachlauf zeit tv dauert nun so lange an, daß der Kolben gegen den Anschlag 18 anliegt, so daß der Knick-Punkt TBE überschritten wird. Man erhält dabei einen Druck PAus1, also einen endgültigen Druck.It is now assumed that the run-on time tv of the pump begins at point T A1 at a pressure p A. The caster Time tv now lasts so long that the piston bears against the stop 18, so that the break point T BE is exceeded. A pressure P Aus1 is obtained , that is to say a final pressure.

Wenn also eine Leckage im Gas auftritt, wird sich die Kurve K1 verändern. Die Ausgangslage des Kolbens wird sich nach links verschieben, so daß bei gleichem Druck PE, wenn also die Pumpe anfängt, Öl zu fördern, die Bewegung des Kolbens bei Tein2 beginnt. Sie verläuft parallel zu K1 und unter ihr bis zum Punkt TA2, bei dem Druck PA. Von da aus beginnt die Nachlaufzeit tV, so daß die Pumpe über den Zeitraum TA2 weiterläuft und zwar so daß sich der Kolben bei TBE auf die Feder auflegt. Sodann verläuft die Kurve K2 parallel zu der Kurve K1 mit dem steileren Winkel, wobei der Druck Paus1 überschritten wird und weiter bis zu dem Druck Paus2 steigt. Dabei wird ein bestimmter Druck PW überschritten, der als Vorwarndruck dafür anzusehen ist, daß demnächst die Leckage des Gases so groß werden wird, daß der Kolben die Feder auf Block zusammendrückt und somit der steile Bereich der Kurve K1 bzw. K2 erreicht wird, wenn die Pumpe weiter Öl fördert. Der Vorwarndruck will sagen, daß nunmehr ein kritisches Stadium erreicht wird, bei dem es sich langsam empfiehlt, die Leckageverluste im Gas, d.h. also im Raum 14 auszugleichen. Wird die Leckage noch größer, dann besteht das Problem, daß noch während der Nachlaufzeit tv die Bloekstellung TBL der Feder 17 erreicht wird, so daß der Druckverlauf sich mehr einer Senkrechten nähert, d.h. also daß der Druck plötzlich sehr steil ansteigt. Bei einem Druck PS (etwa 370 bar) wird ein weiteres Signal, das erneut zur Sperre des Schalters führt, gemeldet und das Sicherheitsventil geöffnet. Grundsätzlich ist zu beachten, daß dann, wenn die Stellung TBlock erreicht wird, die Leckage so groß geworden ist, daß trotz hohen Druckes nicht mehr sichergestellt ist, daß eine ausreichende Menge an Drucköl abgenommen werden kann. Aus diesem Grunde werden Hydraulikspeicher, bei denen sich der Kolben 13 auf das Stützrohr 16 auflegt, nicht mehr weiter benutzt. Die Anordnung der Feder 17 zwischen dem Anschlag 18 und dem Stützrohr 16 dient somit zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit; wenn aufgrund einer Leckage PW erreicht oder überschritten wird, dann ist angezeigt, daß ein Nachfüllen von Gas erforderlich ist, daß aber die Funktionsfähigkeit des Öldruckspeichers noch nicht eingeschränkt ist.So if there is a leak in the gas, curve K 1 will change. The starting position of the piston will shift to the left, so that at the same pressure P E , that is, when the pump starts to deliver oil, the movement of the piston begins at T e i n2 . It runs parallel to K 1 and below it to point T A2 , at the pressure P A. From there, the run-on time t V begins, so that the pump continues to run over the period T A2 , so that the piston lies on the spring at T BE . Then the curve K 2 runs parallel to the curve K 1 with the steeper angle, the pressure P out1 being exceeded and continuing to rise up to the pressure P out2 . A certain pressure PW is exceeded, which is to be regarded as a warning pressure for the fact that the leakage of the gas will soon become so great that the piston compresses the spring on the block and thus the steep area of the curve K 1 or K 2 is reached, if the pump continues to deliver oil. The advance warning pressure means that a critical stage has now been reached at which it is slowly advisable to compensate for the leakage losses in the gas, ie in room 14. If the leakage is even greater, then there is the problem that the blocking position T BL of the spring 17 is reached during the follow-up time tv, so that the pressure curve approaches a vertical line, ie the pressure suddenly rises very steeply. At a pressure P S (approx. 370 bar), another signal, which again locks the switch, is reported and the safety valve is opened. Basically it should be noted that if the position T block is reached, the leakage has become so large that despite high pressure it is no longer ensured that a sufficient amount of pressure oil can be removed. For this reason, hydraulic accumulators in which the piston 13 rests on the support tube 16 are no longer used. The arrangement of the spring 17 between the stop 18 and the support tube 16 thus serves to increase safety; if P W is reached or exceeded due to a leak, then it is indicated that a refill of gas is necessary, but that the functionality of the oil pressure accumulator is not yet restricted.

Die Figur 3 zeigt im Schema eine konstruktive Ausführung eines Hydraulikspeichers. Man erkennt den Hydraulikzylinder oder Speichergehäuse 30, das an der rechten Seite mit dem Abschlußdeckel 31 und an der linken Seite mit dem Abschlußdeckel 32 verschlossen ist. Innerhalb des Speichergehäuses ist ein Speicherkolben 33 verschiebbar angeordnet, der den Raum 34, in dem Gas eingefüllt ist, von dem Öldruckraum 35 trennt. An einem Zuführventil 36 kann Gas in den Raum 34 eingefüllt werden.FIG. 3 shows a structural design of a hydraulic accumulator in the diagram. One recognizes the hydraulic cylinder or accumulator housing 30, which is closed on the right side with the end cover 31 and on the left side with the end cover 32. A storage piston 33 is displaceably arranged within the storage housing and separates the space 34 in which gas is filled from the oil pressure space 35. Gas can be filled into the space 34 at a feed valve 36.

An dem Deckel 32 ist ein Stützrohr 37 angebracht, das in seinem mittleren Bereich eine Trennwand 38 aufweist; das Stützrohr 37 setzt sich mit einem Fortsatz 39 über die Trennwand hinaus. Der Fortsatz 39 umfaßt einen Kolben 40, an dem ein Anschlag 41 befestigt ist, und führt diesen. Die Wand 38 wird von einem Schraubenbolzen 42 durchgriffen, der sich mit seinem Schraubenkopf 43 gegen die linke Seite der Wand anlegt und mit seinem freien Ende ins Innere des Kolbens 40 eingeschraubt ist. Zwischen der Wand 38 und dem Kolben 40 befindet sich ein Druekfederpaket 44. Die Bewegung des Kolbens 40 in Pfeilrichtung A wird durch Anschlagen der Mutter 43 an der Wand 38 begrenzt und die Bewegung des Kolbens 40 nach links B dadurch, daß die Federwindungen bzw. Federelemente im Block nach links aufeinander liegen. Man kann natürlich auch dafür sorgen, daß der Abstand D zwisehen dem freien Ende des Stützrohres 38 bzw. des Zylinders 39 und dem Anschlag 41 dem Abstand zwischen TBE und TBlock entspricht. Dann wird das Gleiche erreicht, wie in Figur 2, wenn die Feder 17.auf Block liegt.A support tube 37 is attached to the cover 32 and has a dividing wall 38 in its central region; the support tube 37 extends beyond the partition with an extension 39. The extension 39 comprises a piston 40 to which a stop 41 is attached and guides it. The wall 38 is penetrated by a screw bolt 42, which rests with its screw head 43 against the left side of the wall and is screwed into the interior of the piston 40 with its free end. A pressure spring assembly 44 is located between the wall 38 and the piston 40. The movement of the piston 40 in The direction of the arrow A is limited by the nut 43 striking the wall 38 and the movement of the piston 40 to the left B by the fact that the spring windings or spring elements lie one on top of the other in the block. You can of course also ensure that the distance D between the free end of the support tube 38 or the cylinder 39 and the stop 41 corresponds to the distance between T BE and T B lock . Then the same thing is achieved as in FIG. 2 when the spring 17 lies on the block.

Die anhand der Figur 1 erläuterte Wirkungsweise des Hydraulikspeichers gemäß Figur 2 entspricht identisch der Wirkungsweise des Hydraulikspeiehers gemäß Figur 3, so daß darauf nicht mehr näher eingegangen werden muß.The mode of operation of the hydraulic accumulator according to FIG. 2 explained with reference to FIG. 1 corresponds identically to the mode of operation of the hydraulic accumulator according to FIG. 3, so that it does not have to be discussed in more detail.

Von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist, daß der Kolben nicht direkt auf das Stützrohr aufläuft, sondern zunächst auf den Anschlag 18 bzw. 41, der unter dem Druck einer Feder steht, so daß der Gas-Charakteristik die Feder-Charakteristik der Feder 17 bzw. 44 überlagert wird. Dadurch ist es möglich, daß der Druck einen Vorwarndruck überschreitet, der signalisiert, daß die Leckage im Raum 14 einen bestimmten Betrag erreicht hat, so daß es erforderlich wird, möglichst bald Gas nachzufüllen.It is essential that the piston does not run directly onto the support tube, but first onto the stop 18 or 41, which is under the pressure of a spring, so that the gas characteristic overlaps the spring characteristic of the spring 17 or 44 becomes. This makes it possible for the pressure to exceed a prewarning pressure, which signals that the leak in space 14 has reached a certain amount, so that it is necessary to refill gas as soon as possible.

Claims (3)

1. Hochdruckspeicher für das Arbeitsfluid einer hydraulischen Steueranlage, mit einen Kolben enthaltendem Zylinder, auf dessen einer Seite das Arbeitsfluid und auf dessen anderer Seite eine durch einen Gasraum gebildete Gasfeder ist, mit Druckfühlern, die bei Erreichen bestimmter Stellungen des Kolbens ein Signal abgeben, und mit einem im Gasraum des Zylinders an dessen Abschlußwand angeordnetem Stützrohr, gegen das sich der Kolben bei einem Gasverlust anlegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Stützrohr (16, 37, 39) ein Anschlagelement (18, 41) für den Kolben (13) angeordnet ist und daß zwischen dem Stützrohr und dem Anschlagelement eine Federanordnung (17, 44) vorgesehen ist.1.High pressure accumulator for the working fluid of a hydraulic control system, with a piston-containing cylinder, on one side of which the working fluid and on the other side is a gas spring formed by a gas space, with pressure sensors which emit a signal when certain positions of the piston are reached, and with a support tube arranged in the gas space of the cylinder at its end wall, against which the piston rests in the event of gas loss, characterized in that a stop element (18, 41) for the piston (13) is arranged on the support tube (16, 37, 39) and that a spring arrangement (17, 44) is provided between the support tube and the stop element. 2. Hochdruckspeicher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das freie Ende des Stützrohres (16, 37, 39) einen weiteren Kolben (40) aufnimmt, an dem das Anschlagelement (41) befestigt ist, und daß der weitere Kolben von der Federanordnung (44) teilweise aus dem Stützrohr (39) herausgedrückt ist.2. High-pressure accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the free end of the support tube (16, 37, 39) receives a further piston (40) on which the stop element (41) is attached, and that the further piston of the spring arrangement ( 44) is partially pushed out of the support tube (39). 3. Hochdruckspeicher nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer bestimmten Stellung des Anschlagelementes (41) ein im Öldruckraum (5) herrschender Druck (PV) entspricht, der, mittels eines Druckfühlers gemessen, ein Vorwarnsignal erzeugt, das signalisiert, daß im Gas-Raum (34) aufgrund von Gasverlusten zu wenig Gas vorhanden ist.3. High-pressure accumulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a certain position of the stop element (41) corresponds to a prevailing pressure (P V ) in the oil pressure chamber (5), which, measured by means of a pressure sensor, generates a prewarning signal which signals that there is too little gas in the gas space (34) due to gas losses.
EP84110454A 1983-09-26 1984-09-03 High pressure accumulator Expired - Lifetime EP0135850B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84110454T ATE21731T1 (en) 1983-09-26 1984-09-03 HIGH PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19833334813 DE3334813A1 (en) 1983-09-26 1983-09-26 HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE
DE3334813 1983-09-26

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EP0135850A1 true EP0135850A1 (en) 1985-04-03
EP0135850B1 EP0135850B1 (en) 1986-08-27
EP0135850B2 EP0135850B2 (en) 1990-02-07

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EP (1) EP0135850B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE21731T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3334813A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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ATE21731T1 (en) 1986-09-15
DE3460565D1 (en) 1986-10-02
US4611634A (en) 1986-09-16
DE3334813A1 (en) 1985-04-11
EP0135850B2 (en) 1990-02-07
EP0135850B1 (en) 1986-08-27

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