EP0134353A1 - Dispositif pour recueillir de façon sélective le métal de récupération - Google Patents

Dispositif pour recueillir de façon sélective le métal de récupération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0134353A1
EP0134353A1 EP83305102A EP83305102A EP0134353A1 EP 0134353 A1 EP0134353 A1 EP 0134353A1 EP 83305102 A EP83305102 A EP 83305102A EP 83305102 A EP83305102 A EP 83305102A EP 0134353 A1 EP0134353 A1 EP 0134353A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
weight
weighing
type
classifier
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EP83305102A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William Jefferson Tuten
Kennith Donald Crosby
Harold William Black
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP83305102A priority Critical patent/EP0134353A1/fr
Publication of EP0134353A1 publication Critical patent/EP0134353A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/06—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles
    • G07F7/0609—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles by fluid containers, e.g. bottles, cups, gas containers

Definitions

  • This invention is in the field of apparatus for selectively recovering, or collecting, scrap metal of a given type such as aluminium containers and for compensating depositors of such scrap based on the weight of said metal so collected.
  • More dense non-metallic materials are collected at the bottom of a pneumatic classifier conveyor that transports the aluminium, non-ferrous, metal containers to a crusher.
  • the aluminium cans so transported are crushed and then weighed.
  • the crushed aluminium is conveyed by a pneumatic stacker conveyor and deposited into an inclined storage compartment located at the top of the apparatus.
  • the storage compartment is located to facilitate the unloading of the storage compartment into a suitable conveyance, such as a truck, so that the aluminium collected can be taken to a plant where it can be recycled.
  • the apparatus is provided with a compensation dispenser which ---dispenses coins, tokens, or other symbols of value, the amount, or value, of which is determined by the weight of the non-ferrous materials that pass through the crusher and as weighed by the weighing means during operation of the collection apparatus.
  • Apparatus such as that disclosed in the Miller patent is designed to be unattended and is frequently placed in the parking lots of shopping centres. Such a location makes it easier for persons who patronise the retail stores located in a shopping centre and purchase beverages which are packaged in aluminium cans to dispose of such cans after consuming their contents and obtain a return on their investment.
  • the recovery of scrap aluminium from this source saves energy and raw materials that would otherwise be used to produce virgin aluminium while simultaneously reducing problems associated with disposing of such cans after the contents have been consumed.
  • the present invention provides improved metal collection apparatus for collecting selected metals such as aluminium primarily in the form of used aluminium cans and for compensating the depositors for such metal cans based on the weight of the selected metal collected.
  • the collecting apparatus is free-standing and is designed to function unattended by a human operator.
  • the apparatus is provided with a hopper into which depositors place material, aluminium cans, which the machine is designed to collect.
  • the depositor then pushes a start button in the vicinity of the hopper to initiate operation of the apparatus.
  • the deposited material is carried from the hopper to a classifier by an endless conveyor belt.
  • the classifier segregates magnetic, or ferrous metal, from non-magnetic materials.
  • Heavier, or more dense, non-magnetic materials fall to a pneumatic conveyor that carrier aluminium cans which are of a lesser density to a crusher. More dense non-magnetic materials collect in the bottom of the pneumatic conveyor in a bin so provided.
  • the aluminium material which is conveyed by the pneumatic conveyor of the classifier to the crusher where the material is crushed so that it is more compact and, thus, occupies significantly less space when stored.
  • the crushed material is weighed, its weight noted, and the crushed material, after it has been weighed, is dumped into a stacker conveyor which transports the crushed aluminium cans to a storage bin in which they are stored until forwarded to a recycling plant, for example.
  • a digital electronic controller is provided to control the energisation of the motors that drive the conveyors and the crusher and provide power to the classifier.
  • the weigher produces an analog signal that is digitised by an A to D converter.
  • the controller based on the weight of the metals measured by the load cell of the weigher, causes the compensation dispenser to dispense an appropriate amount of compensation in the forms of coins or tokens, for example, to the depositor.
  • the apparatus is provided with motor alarm circuits which produce an alarm signal if any one of the motors is not running properly when energised.
  • the coin dispensing apparatus will produce alarm signals if no coins or tokens are available to be dispensed.
  • a detector which produces an alarm signal each time a piece of magnetic material, such as in a steel can, is segregated from the materials deposited, as such can falls into the receptical for magnetic material. An alarm will also be produced when the container or recepticle for magnetised material is full.
  • Another detector is provided which produces an alarm signal if a jam occurs in the classifier conveyor, since such a jam will prevent aluminium cans, for example, from being fed into the crusher.
  • the electronic controller also includes circuit means for calibrating the load cell which is used to measure the weight of the aluminium cans deposited in the apparatus to assure that it is accurately weighing the material dumped into the weighing hopper of the weigher.
  • the digital electronic controller calibrates the magnitude of the calibration resistor to that of the load cell before each cycle of operation. This calibration results in a significant increase in the accuracy of measuring the weight of aluminium cans deposited into apparatus, notwithstanding the replacement of the load cell or even of the controller, or changes in temperature or variations in the power supply.
  • Collection apparatus 20 is illustrated. Collection apparatus 20 is an improvement over the apparatus described and claimed in U.S.Patent. 4,179,018 dated December l8, 1979, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference into this application. Collection apparatus 20 is free standing, and is frequently located in public places such as the parking lots of shopping centres and operates unattended.
  • a depositor who has collected a supply of used aluminium cans, or aluminium scrap, in any form, particularly of gauge not significantly thicker than that of aluminium cans deposits such waste material in hopper 22.
  • the material falls down chute 24 until it contacts the upper surface of endless conveyor belt 26.
  • the depositor after depositing the waste material in hopper 22, pushes start button 28 which initialises controller 30 and starts the operation of collector apparatus 20.
  • Controller 30 which is a digital electronic controller, details of which will be more fully set forth later, causes belt conveyor motor 32, classifier motor 34, crusher motor 36 and a stacker motor 38 to be energised with electrical energy in the preferred embodiment.
  • Conveyor belt 26 transports the material deposited onto it to magnetic separator 42 which cooperates with the upper end of conveyor belt 26 to separate out, or segregate, ferrous material.
  • Ferrous materials such as tinplated steel cans will fall down through chute 44 and will be collected in ferrous metal receptical 46.
  • Non-ferrous metals such as aluminium containers, or cans, are discharged into the entrance of pneumatic classifier conveyor 48.
  • Aluminium cans after being crushed, are discharged into weighing hopper, or container, 56.
  • the weight of the material in hopper 56 is measured by conventional load cell 58.
  • the voltage across the load cell which is an analog voltage, is digitized, as will be described later and is applied to controller 30 which based on the difference in weight between the weight of hopper 56 with crushed cans in it, and the weight of hopper 56 after the contents have been dumped, calculates the amount of compensation to be paid to the depositor and causes compensation dispenser 60 to dispense the proper-amount of coins, tokens, etc.
  • the contents of hopper 56 are dumped by energising a solenoid to open door 62 of hopper 56.
  • the crushed non-ferrousmetal from hopper 56 falls into the pneumatic stacker conveyor 64 which transports the crushed aluminium material to storage compartment 66, where the aluminium is collected and stored until a sufficient load, or amount, is collected which is then dumped into a truck, for example, to be taken to a facility where the scrap metal can be recycled.
  • Controller 30 controls the energisation of four motors, conveyor motor 32, classifier motor 34 , which drives the blower 68, stacker motor 38, which drives the blower 70, and crusher motor 36, which provides the energy for crusher 54.
  • controller 30 produces control signals which cause compensation dispenser 60, to dispense quarters, nickels, pennies, and tokens in the preferred embodiment.
  • a multihopper dispenser such as one designated as model 33-22-000, which is manufactured by National Rejectors Inc. (Div. of UMC Ind.Inc.) of Hot Springs, Arkansas, may be utilised as compensation dispenser 60.
  • Collector 20 is provided with an out-of-order display 72 which identifies the function that is out of order as sensed by controller 30. Out-of-order display 72 is positioned within the housing of apparatus 20.
  • Controller 30 is provided with a calibration circuit to calibrate the load cell 58, to make certain that it is properly calibrated,i.e. it will accurately measure the weight of the material deposited in hopper 56 and dumped into stacker conveyor 64. Controller 30 also senses any alarm signals produced as a result of a motor failure.
  • Coin dispenser 60 is provided with means for producing alarm signals if no coins are available to be dispensed or if dispenser 60 is jammed.
  • ferrous metal receptical 46 will become filled, which creates a jam and renders apparatus 20 inoperative.
  • a conventional electromagnetic infrared radiation detector 74 is mounted at the upper end of receptical 46.
  • a can of ferrous metal for example, falls into receptical 46, it will break or interrupt the light beam across the entrance to receptical 46.
  • the breaking of the beam is evidence that a tinplated steel can, for example, was deposited in hopper 22.
  • the breaking of the light beam produces an alarm signal which causes buzzer 75 to sound to indicate to the depositor that a ferrous metal can has been deposited. If the signal is continuous i.e. the beam of electromagnetic energy at the entrance to receptical 46 remains broken for a substantial period of time measured in a fraction of a second, such a condition indicates that receptical 46 is fill, which is a cause for a second alarm condition which occurs 30 seconds later.
  • a second electromagnetic detector 80 is mounted in the discharge nozzle of classifier conveyor 48 to sense if a jam has occurred. If a jam is sensedrby detector 80, controller 30 prevents additional cans from being fed into the crusher 54. Controller 30 also produces a control signal to energise a solenoid which is not illustrated in Figure 1 to open door 62 of weighing bucket 56 after the contents of bucket 56 have been weighed. Controller 30 also calculates the weight of the material dumped into conveyor 64 from the digitized voltages across load cell 58 by comparing the weight of weighing bucket 56 after dumping its contents with the weight of bucket 56 and its contents immediately prior to its being dumped.
  • controller 30 Based on the weight of material dumped from bucket 56, controller 30 calculates the compensation to be paid to the depositor and energises the appropriate coin dispensers of compensation dispenser 60 to provide the computed amount of compensation.
  • Systems are provided which produce alarm signals which when applied to controller 30 cause .... controller 30 to light the appropriate signal light on out-of-order display 72 to identify the cause of the failure.
  • controller 30 is programmed to respond by re-energising the components which was the source of the alarm signal to see if the problem can be cleared or corrected, and if the problem is not corrected, controller 30 will de-energise all the motors and provide a signal at status signal light 76 which identifies to would be depositors that apparatus 20 is non-operational.
  • controller 30 can send an appropriate signal to a central office by radio or telephone indicating that there is a problem at a given site where the apparatus 20 is located so that a serviceman can be promptly sent to the site to correct it.
  • controller 30 The hardware comprising controller 30 is illustrated in Figures 2-6.
  • the microprocessor 84 a standard microprocessor, in the preferred embodiment a Motorola 6802, which is provided with a clock circuit 86, a restart circuit 88 and an interrupt and power down circuit 90.
  • microprocessor 84 is connected by data and address buses to memory 92 and addressable input/output ports 94.
  • the I/O ports 94 are connected to sensors through filter network 96 and through driver circuits 98 control signals to control the operation of the apparatus 20 are amplified to useful levels.
  • the output of load calibration circuit 100 which is an analog voltage, is digitised by A to D converter 102. All of the components of controller 30 are standard commercially available electronic components.
  • Alarm signals from classifier, conveyor, crusher and stacker motors 32, 34, 36 and 38 are applied to detector circuit 104 which produces a motor fail signal if any of the signals applied to circuit 104 represents an alarm condition.
  • the signals applied to solid-state relay driver circuits 106 causes the weighing hopper, or bucket, 56 to dump its contents by opening dump door 62.
  • the in cycle signal from MPU 84 energises the relays that provide power to motors 32,34,36,38 and 40.
  • Pay-out signals, as produced by MPU 84, are applied to driver circuit 108.
  • Alarm signals from dispenser 60 indicating that the coin tubes of dispenser 60 are full are applied to circuit 110. If dispenser 60 is functioning properly, no alarm signal is transmitted to MPU 84. If an alarm condition exists, an alarm signal is transmitted to MPU 84 which sends back to disable signal which stops the dispensing of coins or tokens and shuts down apparatus 20, as is described below.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic of the power supply 112 for controller 30.
  • Commercially available power 118 volt single phase AC is applied to the system through transformer 114.
  • the voltage is rectified to + 12, and ⁇ 5 volt regulated DC power which is produced by commercially avaliable voltage regulars 115, 116 and 117.
  • Circuit 112 also produces unregulated + 12 volt DC current.
  • Figure 5 is a wiring diagram of controller 30 of apparatus 20. Power for apparatus 20 flows through fuses 118 and solenoid powered relays 120. The I/O Ports P 1 - P 6 , 1 2 1, 122, 123, 124, 125, and 126 of Figure 5 transmit signals to and from MPU 84 (see Figure 6B) using connector 51 while circuit TS1 128 has applied to it alarm signals as indicated. Proper operation of the storage, or stacker motor 38 is sensed by the voltage across resistor 130 which is high when motor 38 is energised and running properly and low when motor 38 stops rotating when power is applied to motor 30, for example.
  • Electromagnetic detector is substantially identical to detector 74.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the microprocessor board of controller 30. Corresponding blocks of the system schematic of Figure 2 are identified in Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 is an electrical wiring diagram of the alarm indicator 72.
  • controller 30 commences when start switch 28 is activated. Conveyor motor 32, motor 34 of classifier 48, motor 36 of crusher 54; and stacker motor 38 which drives the stacker blower 70 are turned on by controller 30 or could be sequenced on for less peak power consumption. As aluminium cans are, for example, fed into hopper 22, they fall down chute 24 and are lifted by conveyor 26. While cans are being carried up belt 26, controller 30 initiates system calibration. System calibration consists essentially of using a known resistor which is matched to that of the load cell and measuring the resulting artificially produced weight compared to the empty weight of scale bucket, or weighing hopper, 56. The difference between the empty weight of bucket, 56 and the weight attributed to the known resistor represents exactly two pounds.
  • This value is set at the start of every initial cycle.
  • the first can should reach scale bucket 56, in the preferred embodiment, in approximately eight seconds from time of deposit.
  • controller 30 While crushed cans are being dumped into bucket 56, controller 30 is monitoring the weight of bucket 56 as sensed by load cell 58 as the crushed cans accumulate. When this weight reaches three-quarters of a pound, in the preferred embodiment, or after waiting for a predetermined period of time, 30 seconds, conveyor 26 is shut down by deenergising motor 32, and the remaining cans in the classifier and crusher 54 are allowed to continue to be processed and to accumulate in bucket 56 from the time conveyor belt 26 stops until hopper 56 is dumped which is approximately six seconds later. Just prior to scale or hopper dump, a final weighing is performed. The shutting off of the conveyor belt after three-quarters of a pound has been accumulated in bucket 56 prevents the scale bucket from being overloaded. It takes about two seconds to dump hopper 56. Another three seconds is used before the weight of the empty hopper 56 is measured. The empty weight of hopper 56 after it is dumped is used in determining the weight of the crushed cans dumped.
  • controller 30 If no cans are in the weighing hopper 56 when it is dumped, or if the weight of such cans is less than that of a given number of cans, controller 30 goes into a final payout cycle and controller 30 shuts down.
  • controller 30 repeats the above cycle with the exception that the system is not re-calibrated.
  • the amount weighed is converted to an amount to be dispensed to the depositor based on a given amount per pound, such as twenty-five cents per pound.
  • the amount to be dispensed is determined by controller 30 in pennies, nickels, and quarters. Each time a quarter's worth of aluminium cans is weighed and dumped into stacker conveyor 64, a quarter is paid to the customer. On the last cycle all remaining amounts due the depositor are paid out by dispenser 60.
  • Controller 30 is programmed to sense when a motor should be on, and if a motor is not running when it should be. If that is the case, out-of-order alarm 78 is turned on, and controller 30 will shut down, or stop, the operation of collector apparatus 20 and alarm indicator display 72 to display the type of failure that occurred. Operation of coin dispenser 60 is monitored in a similar manner. Each time a coin is dispensed, a request is made to put another coin in the coin tube of dispenser 60. This is done by rotating the drum of dispenser 60.
  • out-of-order display 72 will indicate a coin problem.
  • the alarm is delayed for a predetermined period of time, thirty-three seconds in the preferred embodiment.
  • a turn-on, turn-off cycle is used to try to shake loose coin jams. If within the predetermined period of time coins are placed properly in the tubes, the out-of-order alarm will not occur.
  • out-of-order indicator 78 will come on and display 72 will indicate a calibration failure.
  • the calibration failure is usually due to problems with load cell 58 such as the cable to load cell 58 not being properly plugged in.
  • Jams from classifier 48 usually cause a back-up of cans in front of crusher 54. These jams are detected by detector 80 at the time scale door 62 is opened. When such a jam occurs, the output of detector 50 produces a classifier alarm which is displayed on out-of-order display 72 and controller 30 will shut down apparatus 20 and energise out-of-order alarm 78.
  • Detectors 74 and 78 detect special failure of collector apparatus 20.
  • Detector 74 monitors the level of steel cans that have been put into steel can receptical 46 and will provide a continuous output signal when this level reaches the maximum allowable level.
  • Detector 74 also provides an audible alarm whenever a steel can drops into the ferrous material receptical 46.
  • An infrared light beam of detector 74 and a IR sensor are used to generate this signal. When the light beam is not interrupted, the signal is low. When the light beam is broken, a high level logic one signal is produced. This signal is coupled into buzzer 75 via a one-shot multivibrator. The length of time the buzzer is energised will always be the same regardless of the length of the input pulse.
  • Detector 80 operates in substantially the same way as detector 74 except that its location is such that it can detect cans which are piled up in front of crusher 54. Sensor 80 is enabled to produce an alarm signal on at the time the scale dump signal is transmitted by controller 30. Should there be cans blocking the light when sensor 80 is enabled, a jam has occurred an alarm is sent to controller 30.
  • the magnitude of calibration resistor 131 is chosen to match that of load cell 58 if hopper 56 has two pounds of crushed cans in it, or it produces a voltage equivalent to that of two pounds.
  • the differential change in voltage V 1/1b is measured for a one-pound deflection on the load cell, than the voltage V test is measured across known resistor R test . From this information the valve of resistor 131 is calculated, as follows:
  • resistor 131 Once the value of resistor 131 is calculated, it is tested to determine that it is accurate with respect to two pounds of weight being placed in weighing hopper 56.
  • FIG. 8A and 88 the system flowchart of collection apparatus 20 ia illustrated.
  • the program is entered at the label start 132.
  • the first Action is to initialise microprocessor 84, block 134. This is accomplished by clearing all random access memory (RAM) and setting up system constants.
  • controller 30 is ready for use.
  • output ports P 2 , P 3 and P 4 are cleared.
  • Next processor 84 tests for a par out request, test block 136. Each par out requests results in the activation of each of the coin dispensers once producing a quarter, a penny and a nickel.
  • the tubes on the coin dispenser 60 are disabled. This prevents the coin tubes from being filled again which in turn allows all coins in the tubes to be dispensed. This is important when an exact control of the amount of money is required.
  • the microprocessor 84 checks for a failure, or for an alarm signal. Alarm signals are detected in the interrupt routine. Processor 84 is now ready to monitor start switch 28. Once start switch 28 is activated, apparatus 20 is in cycle. The cycle starts by turning on power to the motors 32, 34, 36 and 38. A predetermined delay, two seconds for example, is entered next. This delay allows sufficient time for mechanical stabilisation of apparatus 20.
  • the calibration routine is entered. First a typical value of three times is established for the number of attempts at calibration that will be tried. Calibration resistor 131 is switched in, and after a delay of a few milliseconds, the voltage across the calibration resistor is measured and digitised. The relay or MOS switch (MC14066 made by Motorola) controlling the calibration is then turned off, and the normal reading of load cell 58 is used thereafter. The difference between the normal reading and the callibration reading represents exactly two pounds of weight. This is used as the weighing standard as long as this cycle continues. Once a good calibration is achieved, the price per pound is calculated and placed in memory for later use. After still another delay, the system is set up using solid-state switches, to sense, for motor failures.
  • the program is now in two parallel loops.
  • One loop is a thirty second time out loop, and the other loop is a three-quarter pound in scale bucket 56 loop.
  • the system will go into its dump cycle whenever either of these loops is completed.
  • conveyor motor 32 is turned off and its breaker/motor sense is disabled.
  • a fixed period of time, approximately six seconds, is allowed to clear cans from conveyor 48.
  • bucket 56 is weighed, and its weight expressed as a voltage is converted into a digital quantity by A2D converter 102. Bucket 56 is then dumped, and after a delay of two seconds, the empty weight of bucket 56 is measured.
  • a token can be dispensed by dispenser 60. Should the no-cycle flag still be set, then controller 30 shuts off, and the operation is completed. Each time a start switch 28 is activated, a similar cycle of operation is started.

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EP83305102A 1983-09-02 1983-09-02 Dispositif pour recueillir de façon sélective le métal de récupération Withdrawn EP0134353A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83305102A EP0134353A1 (fr) 1983-09-02 1983-09-02 Dispositif pour recueillir de façon sélective le métal de récupération

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EP83305102A EP0134353A1 (fr) 1983-09-02 1983-09-02 Dispositif pour recueillir de façon sélective le métal de récupération

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EP0134353A1 true EP0134353A1 (fr) 1985-03-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10886193B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2021-01-05 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Thermal interface material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869005A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-03-04 Reliance Electric Co Value computing scale
US4257511A (en) * 1976-12-27 1981-03-24 Miller John H Method and apparatus for selective recovery of metal containers
GB2097162A (en) * 1981-03-12 1982-10-27 Ara Services Inc Apparatus for receiving and identifying items of a preselected metal
EP0082735A2 (fr) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-29 Adolph Coors Company Dispositif et procédé pour reprendre des boîtes vides en aluminium
US4402391A (en) * 1980-12-01 1983-09-06 Creative Technology Inc. Selective scrap metal collection apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869005A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-03-04 Reliance Electric Co Value computing scale
US4257511A (en) * 1976-12-27 1981-03-24 Miller John H Method and apparatus for selective recovery of metal containers
US4402391A (en) * 1980-12-01 1983-09-06 Creative Technology Inc. Selective scrap metal collection apparatus
GB2097162A (en) * 1981-03-12 1982-10-27 Ara Services Inc Apparatus for receiving and identifying items of a preselected metal
EP0082735A2 (fr) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-29 Adolph Coors Company Dispositif et procédé pour reprendre des boîtes vides en aluminium

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10886193B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2021-01-05 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Thermal interface material

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